CNGL Annual Report 2012

CNGL ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Annual Report 2012 

Director: Prof. Josef Van Genabith 

School of Computing 

Dublin City University 

Dublin 9 

Deputy Director: Prof. Vincent Wade 

School of Computer Science and Statistics 

Trinity College Dublin 

Dublin 2 

Associate Director: Dr. Páraic Sheridan 



Dublin 9 

INFO@CNGL.IE 

WWW.CNGL.IE 

Dublin City University Trinity College Dublin University College Dublin University of Limerick

Preface 

THE CENTRE FOR NEXT GENERATION LOCALISATION (CNGL) IS A CENTRE FOR SCIENCE ENGINEERING 

AND TECHNOLOGY (CSET) FUNDED BY SCIENCE FOUNDATION IRELAND (SFI) AND INDUSTRY PARTNERS. 

Centres for Science, Engineering and Technology (CSETs) help link scientists and engineers in partnerships across 

academia and industry to address crucial research questions, foster the development of new and existing Irish-based 

technology companies, attract industry that could make an important contribution to Ireland and its economy, and 

expand educational and career opportunities in Ireland in science and engineering. CSETs are expected to exhibit 

outstanding research quality, intellectual breadth, active collaboration, flexibility in responding to new research 

opportunities, and integration of research and education in the fields that SFI supports. Science Foundation Ireland 

(SFI) is a key organisation in the implementation of Ireland’s National Development Plan (NDP 2007-2013) and the 

Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation 2006-2013. A sum of €8.2 billion has been allocated for scientific 

research under the NDP and SSTI of which SFI has responsibility to invest €1.4 billion. SFI will continue to invest in 

academic researchers and research teams who are most likely to generate new knowledge, leading edge technologies 

and competitive enterprises in the fields of science and engineering. 

SFI Vision 

Ireland will be a global knowledge leader that places scientific and engineering research at the core of its society 

to power economic development and social progress. 

This centre is supported by Science Foundation Ireland (grant 07/CE/I1142) 

and the National Development Plan 2007–2013. 

Science Foundation Ireland 

National Development Plan 

2007-2013

Table of Contents 

Executive Summary 5 

CSET Leadership 7 

Management Team Biosketches 9 

CNGL Overview 17 

Integrated Language Technologies 27 

Digital Content Management 45 

Next Generation Localisation 57 

Systems Framework 71 

Year 5 Demonstrator Programme 81 

Industry Partnerships and Technology Transfer 89 

Management and Governance 99 

Education and Outreach 107 

Appendix 1: People and Partnerships 115 

Appendix 2: Outputs 124

Executive Summary

Centre for Next Generation Localisation Annual Report 2012 5 

Executive Summary 

“Our work is guided by the vision of enabling people to interact with content, products, services and other people 

in their own language, according to their own culture, and according to their own personal needs.” 

Localisation is the process of adapting digital content 

to culture, locale and linguistic environment. It is 

a key enabling multiplier technology of the global 

manufacturing, software, services and content creation 

and distribution industries, unlocking markets otherwise 

unavailable. Localisation has a social dimension as 

many communities find themselves on the wrong side 

of the “digital divide” with vital information (health, 

hygiene, food, education etc.) not available in the local 

languages, with potentially disastrous consequences. 

Localisation technologies and processes can make 

a significant contribution to bridging this divide. 

The CNGL partnership has focused on both the 

commercial and the societal dimensions of localisation, 

concentrating on the challenges of volume, access and 

personalisation. Volume: the amount of content to be 

localised massively outstrips human translation capacity. 

Access: mobile devices enable ubiquitous access to 

perishable and frequently updated information on the 

go, involving interaction modalities such as speech and 

image, corporate as well as user-generated content. 

Personalisation: information is most useful if adapted to 

the user, device, background information, knowledge 

and task at hand. In terms of a slogan: “the person is the 

ultimate locale”. 

Over the last five years (2007-2012) CNGL has made 

strident progress connecting the localisation industry 

with cutting-edge research in language technologies, 

content management, workflow, community and human 

factors and software engineering: today the question is 

no longer whether or not to use machine translation but 

how best to. Today the question is no longer whether or 

not to use user-generated content in customer support, 

but how best to. Today the question is no longer whether 

or not to use collaborative community-based localisation 

models, but how best to. These step-changes are based 

on scientific progress. Over its first funding period CNGL 

has produced more than 400 peer-reviewed research 

papers, 21 PhD students, 39 innovation and software 

disclosures, 9 patent applications and secured €15.8m 

additional research income growing the CNGL research 

eco-system. 

Key to the success of CNGL is close collaboration with 

the CNGL industry partners, focusing and sharpening the 

research. Without this, the step-change in localisation 

would not have been possible. Taking research out of the 

lab is a core objective of CNGL: to date 4 CNGL start-up 

and spin-out companies including Xcelerator Machine 

Translations, Digital Linguistics, Scream Technologies 

and Emizar and the not-for-profit social localisation 

Rosetta Foundation are strong testimony to this. 

Additionally, spinout candidate Wripl is preparing for 

launch in 2013. 

CNGL is preparing for the future: 2012 saw the successful 

CNGLII application coordinated and led by CNGL Deputy 

Director Prof. Vincent Wade secure core SFI funding 

of €10.5M for the next 30 months. CNGLII focuses on 

Global Intelligent Content based on the concept of the 

Global Content Value Chain, where services interact 

with content to make it self-describing, self-aware 

and self-adapting across language barriers, modalities 

and interaction platforms, tuned to context and user. 

Prof. Wade will take over as CNGL Director in March 

2013. Prof. Wade is an experienced and accomplished 

international research leader. Please give him all your 

support. 

To conclude, I would like to say to all our research 

students, postdoctoral researchers, principal 

investigators, technical, operations and education and 

outreach team staff, to all our industry partners, all our 

start-up companies and the researchers and staff in our 

extended CNGL research eco-system: thank you! You 

make this happen! 

Prof. Josef van Genabith 

Director, CNGL

CSET Leadership


CSET Leadership 

CSET Contact Information 

CNGL 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6700 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: info@cngl.ie 

Management Team 

Director, Co-Leader: Integrated 

Language Technologies Track 




Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6700 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: josef@computing.dcu.ie 

Deputy Director, Track Leader: 

Digital Content Management 

Prof. Vincent Wade 

Department of Computer Science and Statistics 


Dublin 2 

Phone: +353 1 896 1765 

Fax: +353 1 677 2204 

Email: vincent.wade@cs.tcd.ie 

Associate Director 

Dr. Páraic Sheridan 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6706 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: psheridan@computing.dcu.ie 

Track Leaders 

Co-Track Leader: 

Integrated Language Technologies 

Prof. Nick Campbell 

Centre for Language and Communication Studies 


Dublin 2 

Phone: +353 1 896 1626 

Fax: +353 1 896 2941 

Email: nick.campbell@tcd.ie 

Track Leader: 

Systems Framework 

Dr. Saturnino Luz 



Dublin 2 

Phone: +353 1 896 3686 

Fax: +353 1 677 2204 

Email: luzs@cs.tcd.ie 

Track Leader: 

Next Generation Localisation 

Mr. Reinhard Schäler 

Department of Computer Science 

and Information Systems 

University of Limerick 

Limerick 

Phone: +353 61 202 881 

Fax: +353 61 202 734 

Email: reinhard.schaler@ul.ie 

OPERATIONS TEAM 

Commercial Development Manager 

Mr. Steve Gotz 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6710 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: sgotz@computing.dcu.ie

8 

Centre for Next Generation Localisation Annual Report 2012 

CSET LEADERSHIP 

LRC Administrator 

Ms. Geraldine Harrahill 




Limerick 

Phone: +353 61 202 881 

Fax: +353 61 202 734 

Email: geraldine.harrahill@ul.ie 

Financial Administrator 

Ms. Fiona Maguire 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6708 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: fmaguire@computing.dcu.ie 

Centre Administrator 

Ms. Sophie Matabaro 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6707 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: smatabaro@computing.dcu.ie 

Centre Secretary 

Ms. Eithne McCann 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6700 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: emccann@computing.dcu.ie 

Project Manager 

Ms. Hilary McDonald 


O’Reilly Institute 


Dublin 2 

Phone: +353 1 896 4244 

Fax: +353 1 677 2204 

Email: mcdonah@scss.tcd.ie 

Intellectual Property Manager 

Mr. Stephen Roantree 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6720 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: sroantree@computing.dcu.ie 

Systems Administrator 

Mr. Joachim Wagner 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6915 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: jwagner@computing.dcu.ie 

Education and Outreach Team 

Education and Outreach Manager 

Ms. Cara Greene 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6704 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: cgreene@computing.dcu.ie 

Marketing and Communications Officer 

Ms. Laura Grehan 



Dublin 9 

Phone: +353 1 700 6705 

Fax: +353 1 700 6702 

Email: lgrehan@computing.dcu.ie 

LRC Manager 

Mr. Karl Kelly 




Limerick 

Phone: +353 61 202 748 

Fax: +353 61 202 734 

Email: karl.kelly@ul.ie


Management Team Biosketches 

publications (including publications in the journals of 

Computational Linguistics, Machine Translation, Artificial 

Intelligence, Research on Language and Computation, 

Natural Language Engineering and the ACL, EACL, 

COLING, EMNLP and IJCNLP conferences). 

Research Interests 

Prof. van Genabith works on localisation, machine 

translation, multilingual treebank-based deep grammar 

acquisition, and statistical parsing and generation. 

Career Highlights 

Centre Director and Co-Leader, 

Integrated Technologies Track: 


Department: School of Computing 

University: Dublin City University 

Brief Biography 

Prof. Josef van Genabith is the founder and Director 

of the Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL) 

and an Associate Professor in DCU School of Computing. 

He graduated in Electronic Engineering and English 

at RWTH Aachen (Germany) in 1988 and received his 

PhD in Linguistics from the University of Essex (U.K.) 

in 1993. He worked as a researcher at the University of 

Essex (1991–1992) and at the Institut für Maschinelle 

Sprachverarbeitung IMS, Universität Stuttgart (Germany) 

(1992–1996). He joined the School of Computing at 

DCU as Lecturer in 1996, became Senior Lecturer in 

1999 and Associate Professor in 2002. He was Chair 

of the Programme Board for the B.Sc. in Applied 

Computational Linguistics (DCU) 1997–2001. In 2001 

he became Director of the National Centre for Language 

Technology (NCLT) and developed the NCLT to its 

current 40+ members, and research grant income of 

over €5M since 2001 (excluding CNGL). He has been 

leading Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Enterprise 

Ireland (EI) and European Union (EU) funded research 

projects and was awarded an SFI Principal Investigator 

award in 2004. He became a Visiting Researcher at IBM’s 

Dublin Center for Advanced Studies (CAS) in 2003 and 

a Faculty Fellow in 2004. He has graduated 18 PhD 

and 6 M.Sc. by Research students. He is (joint) author 

of more than 150 peer-reviewed international research 

} 2012: General Chair COLING 2014, Dublin, Ireland 

} 2012: Recipient of the DCU 2012 President’s 

Research Award for Science and Engineering 

} 2010–present: META-NET (Multilingual Europe 

Technology Alliance EU Network of Excellence) 

Executive Board and Technology Council member 

} 2007–present: Advisory Board, European Association 

for Computational Linguistics (EACL) 

} 2007–present: Director and Lead-PI of SFI CNGL 

CSET Award €16.8M 

} 2005–present: Faculty Fellow, IBM Center for 

Advanced Studies (CAS), Dublin 

} 2004–2005: Visiting Scientist, IBM Center for 

Advanced Studies (CAS), Dublin 

} 2004–2009: SFI Principal Investigator, Science 

Foundation Ireland, GramLab, €839K 

} 2001–2008: Director, National Centre for Language 

Technology (NCLT), DCU 

} 1997–2001: Chair of Programme Board, B.Sc. in 

Applied Computational Linguistics (ACL), DCU 

School of Computing

10 


MANAGEMENT TEAM BIOSKETCHES 

Deputy Centre Director, Track Leader: 

Digital Content Management: 

Prof. Vincent P. Wade 

Department: Discipline of Intelligent Systems, 


University: Trinity College Dublin 


Prof. Vincent Wade is Deputy Director of the Centre 

for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL) and Head of 

the Discipline of Intelligent Systems at the School of 

Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin. 

The Discipline of Intelligent Systems comprises four 

research groups: the Knowledge and Data Engineering 

Group, the Computational Linguistics Group, the 

Graphics Vision and Visualisation Group, and the 

Artificial Intelligence Group. The Discipline comprises 

21 academics and more than 150 full-time postgraduate 

(PhD) students and research fellows. 

Prof. Wade graduated from UCD with a B.Sc. (Hons) 

in Computer Science (1987) and received his M.Sc. 

and PhD postgraduate degrees in Computer Science 

from TCD. He holds the position of Associate Professor 

in the School of Computer Science and Statistics and 

in 2002 was awarded Fellowship of Trinity College for 

his contribution to research in the areas of knowledge 

management and adaptive technologies. In 1999 he 

founded the Centre for Learning Technology, which 

has pioneered the innovation and development of 

eLearning technologies in the University. He was also 

awarded the position of Visiting Scientist in the Center 

for Advanced Studies at IBM for his research in adaptive 

hypermedia and knowledge management (2005-2008). 

He was Research Director of the Knowledge and Data 

Engineering Research Group (1995-2007). 

Prof. Wade is author of over 150 scientific papers 

in peer-reviewed research journals and international 

conferences and has received eight ‘best paper’ awards 

for publications in IEEE, IFIP and AACE Conferences 

within the last nine years. He has been guest editor of 

IEEE Communications as well as a reviewer for many 

IEEE and ACM journals including IEEE Communications, 

IEEE Network, IEEE Intelligent Systems, ACM Transaction 

on the Web, and IEEE Transactions on Learning 

Technologies. Prof. Wade is a scientific programme 

member for many prestigious international conferences 

including IEEE’s IM and NOMS, ACM Hypertext and 

WWW Conference series. He was co-chair of the 

Adaptive Hypermedia Conference (AH2006) that 

was held in Dublin in June 2006, and General Cochair 

for IEEE IM 2011, which was held at TCD in May 

2011. He has been responsible for fourteen major EU 

research projects under the EU ACTS and IST Research 

Programmes as well as national research projects 

funded under the SFI PI Programme, HEA PRTLI and 

several Science Foundation Ireland/Enterprise Ireland 

Technology Innovation Development Awards. He has 

been responsible for the commercialisation of research 

and is a co-founder of ‘Empower The User’, an innovative 

start-up company in the area of personalisation and soft 

skills training. 


Prof. Wade’s research interests focus on Knowledge 

Engineering research, in particular adaptive web systems, 

dynamic personalisation, adaptive management and 

control systems, and process management. His research 

has been applied in several technology application 

areas including eLearning and Management Systems 

for next generation networks and distributed services. 

Since 1991, he has been TCD’s Principal Investigator for 

over fifteen EU research projects under the EU RACE, 

Telematics, ESPRIT, ACTS, and IST research programmes. 

He was also PI for ADAPT (2005–2007) and Pudecas 

(2005–2007), funded under the Technology Innovation 

Research Programme (Enterprise Ireland) and PI for the 

HEA-sponsored MZONES project (2002–2006).


Associate Director: 

Dr. Páraic Sheridan 




Dr. Páraic Sheridan is Associate Director at CNGL. 

He received his B.Sc. degree (1st class honours) in 

Computer Applications from Dublin City University 

(DCU) in 1989. He then completed an M.Sc. degree 

in Computer Applications at DCU by research in 1991, 

studying the use of Natural Language Processing in 

Information Retrieval. This was followed in 1994 by an 

M.S. degree in Computational Linguistics at Carnegie 

Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh, PA. His study 

at CMU was funded by Claris Corporation (Dublin) for 

whom he researched the use of Translation Memories 

in the software localisation process. He completed his 

doctoral work in 1998 at the Swiss Federal Institute of 

Technology (ETH) Zürich with a dissertation on the topic 

of Cross-Language Information Retrieval. While at ETH 

he also helped develop the SPIDER information retrieval 

system which was commercialised and spun out from 

ETH into the EuroSpider company. 

Dr. Sheridan then joined TextWise LLC, a start-up 

company in Syracuse, NY which was a spin-out from 

Syracuse University-based on research by Prof. Elizabeth 

Liddy in the area of Natural Language Processing and 

Information Retrieval. Over the course of a 10-year career 

at TextWise, Dr. Sheridan held a variety of positions in 

research management, programme management and 

product management, ultimately achieving the position 

of Chief Scientist at the company. This reflected his work 

on the CINDOR cross-language search system, initially 

as a government-funded research project which was 

then commercialised and marketed by TextWise in the 

enterprise search space. Dr. Sheridan also led the effort 

in adapting the CINDOR product to the needs of the 

U.S. Intelligence Community; developing a crosslanguage 

English-Arabic query translation module to 

integrate with standard enterprise search platforms.

12 




Co-Track Leader: Integrated Language Technologies: 

Prof. Nick Campbell 

Department: Centre for Language 

and Communication Studies (CLCS) 



Prof. Nick Campbell is SFI Stokes Professor of Speech 

& Communication Technology at Trinity College Dublin. 

He received his Ph.D. degree in Experimental Psychology 

from the University of Sussex in the U.K., and was 

previously engaged at the Japanese National Institute 

of Information and Communications Technology, and 

as Chief Researcher in the Department of Acoustics 

and Speech Research, Advanced Telecommunications 

Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan, where 

he also served as Research Director for the JST/CREST 

Expressive Speech Processing and the SCOPE “Robot’s 

Ears” projects. He was first invited as a Research Fellow 

at the IBM U.K. Scientific Centre, where he developed 

algorithms for speech synthesis, and later at the AT&T 

Bell Laboratories, where he worked on the synthesis of 

Japanese. He served as Senior Linguist at the Edinburgh 

University Centre for Speech Technology Research before 

joining ATR in 1990. His research interests are based on 

large speech databases, and include nonverbal speech 

processing, concatenative speech synthesis, and prosodic 

information modelling. He spends his spare time working 

with postgraduate students as Visiting Professor at the 

School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science 

and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan, and was also 

Visiting Professor at Kobe University, Kobe, Japan for 

10 years. 

Prof. Nick Campbell’s background is in experimental 

psychology and linguistics, but most of his experience 

is in speech technology. Prof. Campbell is an advocate 

of corpus-based approaches and he has pioneered 

advanced (and paradigm-shifting) methods of speech 

synthesis and natural conversational speech collection 

in a multimodal environment. His principal interest is 

in speech prosody, extending this research to social 

interaction to show how the voice is used in discourse 

to express personal relations as well as propositional 

content. Most of his previous work has used speech 

materials collected in Japan and, through his move to 

Ireland, he can confirm the universality of his previous 

findings – both for Irish and for Hiberno-English. 

Ultimately, Prof. Campbell is working to produce a 

friendlier speech-based human-machine interface for 

web-based information, customer-services, games, 

and robotics, while trying to understand how humans 

perform such often perfect communication. 


} 2010-2015: Science Foundation Ireland Principal 

Investigator, FastNet Summary Focus on Actions in 

Social Talk; Network Enabling Technology (€1.23M) 

} Oct. 2011 – Present: Member, Spoken Language 

Technical Committee, IEEE Signal Processing Society 

} Feb. 2011: Vice President, European Language 

Resources Association 

} Nov. 2010 – Present: Board Member, European 

Language Resources Association (ELRA) 

} 2009 – Present: Board member, International 

Speech Communication Association 

} 2005 – Present: Board member, Japan British 

Association of the Kansai 

} Member, International Phonetic Association 

} Member, Coordinating Committee on Speech 

I/O Database Assessment 

} Member, International Committee of Acoustic 

Society of Japan 

} Member, International Speech Communication 

Association Institute of Acoustics (adherent) U.K. 

} Member, Acoustic Society of America 

} Member, Acoustic Society of Japan 

} Member, IEEE Signal Processing Society


since 1990 and has researched different approaches 

to Example Based Machine Translation (EBMT) which 

contributed to the work now carried out by The Rosetta 

Foundation, using translation tools and technologies 

for the provision of translation and localisation services, 

supported by volunteer translators, project managers and 

engineers. 


Track Leader: Next Generation Localisation: 

Mr. Reinhard Schäler 

Department: Department of Computer 

Science and Information Systems 

University: University of Limerick 


Reinhard Schäler has been involved in the localisation 

industry in a variety of roles since 1987. He is the founder 

and editor of Localisation Focus – The International 

Journal of Localisation, a founding editor of the Journal 

of Specialised Translation (JosTrans), a former member of 

the editorial board of Multilingual Computing (October 

1997 to January 2007, covering 70 issues), a founder 

and CEO of The Institute of Localisation Professionals 

(TILP), and a member of OASIS. He has attracted more 

than €5.5M in research funding and has published more 

than 50 articles, book chapters and conference papers 

on language technologies and localisation. He has been 

an invited speaker at EU and international governmentorganised 

conferences in Africa, the Middle East, South 

America and Asia. In 2009, he founded The Rosetta 

Foundation, a non-profit organisation and charity aiming 

to make knowledge available in every language. He is 

a lecturer at the Department of Computer Science and 

Information Systems (CSIS), University of Limerick (UL), 

and the founder and director of the Localisation Research 

Centre (LRC) at UL, established in 1995. 


Schäler’s main research area is the automation of 

localisation workflows and the application of tools 

and technologies to the localisation of digital content, 

including translation, engineering and testing. He has 

been researching approaches to Machine Translation 

(MT) and Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) systems 

} Establishment of the Localisation Research Centre 

(LRC), 1995, £250K. 

} Establishment of the Grad. Dip./M.Sc. in Software 

Localisation at University of Limerick in 1997. 

} EU-funded IGNITE project on Linguistic Infrastructure 

for Localisation: Language Data, Tools and Standards, 

together with four European industrial partners, total 

budget: €3.5M, 2005-2007. 

} Invited keynotes: Localisation and 

Internationalisation of Software for Export, 

Florianópolis, Brazil (November 2004); 

Manufacturers’ Association for Information 

Technology (MAIT), New Delhi, India (December 

2004); The First International Conference on Persian 

Script & Language Localisation, Supreme Council of 

ICT and Iran Telecom Research Centre, Tehran, Iran 

(May 2005); The IEEE Professional Communication 

Society, International Professional Communication 

Conference, Limerick, Ireland (July 2005); LISA 

Forum Cairo, The Localisation Industry Standards 

Association, Cairo, Egypt (December 2005); 

Multilingual Web, Madrid, Spain (October 2010). 

} Establishment of The Rosetta Foundation in the 

summer of 2009, a not-for-profit organisation 

(charity) promoting equality via language and 

cultural diversity through access to digital knowledge 

and information independent of language. 

} Establishment of the Dynamic Coalition for a Global 

Localisation Platform: Localisation4all, under the 

umbrella of the United Nations Internet Governance 

Forum (IGF) in 2009.

14 




Dr. Luz’s research focuses on the theoretical bases of 

computer-supported collaboration, more specifically 

processes related to information structuring and 

retrieval, in scenarios encompassing multimedia data 

and multimodal interaction. He is also interested in 

natural language parsing, text classification, and dialogue 

systems, particularly human-factors research. 


Track Leader: Systems Framework: 

Dr. Saturnino Luz 

Department: School of Computer Science and Statistics 



Dr. Saturnino Luz has worked on the development of 

novel technologies for human-computer interfaces in the 

areas of computer-supported cooperative work, spoken 

language systems, natural language processing, dialogue 

management, and design support tools for multimodal 

systems. He has been a Lecturer in Computer Science 

at Trinity College since 2001, where he supervises PhD 

and M.Sc. students in the areas of natural language 

processing, computer supported cooperative work, 

human-computer interaction and machine learning. 

Dr. Luz has participated in a number of Irish- and 

EU-funded research projects, working on computing 

support for connected communities, dialogue systems 

engineering, technology for medical team meetings, as 

well as various topics in machine learning. He has served 

on the programme committees of several international 

conferences and the editorial boards of international 

journals. He has been a member of the Association for 

Computing Machinery (ACM) since 1994 and contributes 

regularly to the ACM Computing Reviews. 

} Acted as Principal Investigator ECOMMET 

project on Enhanced Computing Support for 

Multidisciplinary Medical Team Meetings, funded 

by Science Foundation Ireland. 

} Principal Investigator of a Basic Research project 

on content indexing for multimedia meeting 

recordings, funded by Enterprise Ireland. 

} Review selected as a Computing Review highlight; 

featured as profiled reviewer in acknowledgement 

of his contributions to that publication (2004). 

} Invited talks at the University of Ulster (2002), 

at the German Research Centre for Artificial 

Intelligence (2003), at the University of South Africa 

(2004), at the Seminar on New Trends in Corpus 

Linguistics for Language Teaching and Translation 

Studies (Granada, Spain, 2008), and at KTH 

(Stockholm, Sweden, 2010). 

} Chaired the programme committee of the Irish 

Human-Computer Interaction Conference (2009) 

and co-chaired the Special Track on Supporting 

Collaboration among Healthcare Workers at the 

IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based 

Medical Systems (2008-2010). 

} Served as member of the Editorial Board of 

Information from 2000 to 2003.



Education and Outreach Manager: 

Ms. Cara Greene 



Greene has a B.Sc. in Applied Computational Linguistics 

from Dublin City University. She then became a learning 

support and resource teacher before returning to DCU 

to undertake a PhD in Information Communication 

Technology (ICT). She is currently writing up her PhD 

thesis part-time on integrating ICT into the secondary 

school curriculum. Grene’s PhD thesis investigates 

whether integrating ICT into the curriculum can produce 

inclusive curricula that cater to the needs of all students 

(with and without learning difficulties). Post-PhD, Cara 

wants to carry out research on the impact of education 

programmes provided by large research centres on the 

numbers of students taking up these subjects at third 

level. 


Cara Greene is Education and Outreach (E&O) Manager 

in the Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL). 

The Education and Outreach Programme is split into 

two areas: Education and Outreach. The Education 

Programme aims to provide educational and training 

opportunities at all levels of education in key areas in the 

localisation industry. These range from primary school 

courses to localisation professional training courses. It 

also provides professional development and research 

support to CNGL students and staff as well as others 

in the localisation industry. The Outreach Programme 

encompasses developing public-facing projects, hosting 

conferences and industry events, and promoting CNGL 

research in the media. 


} Nominated for the DCU President’s Award for Civic 

Engagement 2010. 

} Member of the Third Level Education and Outreach 

(TREO) Communications and Evaluation working 

groups. 

} Research paper selected to be presented at the 

Young Researchers Consortium at ICCHP 2006. 

} Awarded the DCU Chancellor’s Medal at Graduation 

2002.

CNGL Overview


CNGL Overview 

Localisation: Global Challenges 

and Opportunities 

Localisation is the industrial process of adapting (digital) 

content to culture, locale and linguistic environment, 

at high quality, speed and low cost. It is a key enabling 

multiplier technology of the global manufacturing, 

software, services and content distribution industries, 

unlocking markets otherwise unavailable. Importantly, 

the true potential of localisation goes well beyond 

opening up business opportunities across the globe: 

many communities find themselves on the wrong side 

of the “digital divide” with vital information (hygiene, 

health, food, education etc.) not available in the local 

languages, with potentially disastrous consequences. 

Localisation technologies and processes can make a 

considerable contribution to bridging this divide. The 

CNGL partnership and research focus on both the 

commercial and the societal dimensions of localisation. 

as speech and image, as well as corporate and usergenerated 

content. Personalisation: while traditional 

localisation is coarse-grained (focusing on a geographic 

locale and language: e.g. the Middle East), information 

is most useful if adapted to the user, device, background 

information/knowledge and task at hand. In terms of a 

slogan, “the person is the ultimate locale”. 

The three axes Volume, Access and Personalisation 

define the “Localisation Cube” (Figure 1). The CNGL 

mission (derived from its vision) is to develop processes 

and technologies that can address each point in the cube 

at configurable quality and speed. 

Figure 1. The Localisation Cube (and traditional 

Enterprise Localisation technologies) 

The Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL, 

2007-2012) is an Industry-Academia partnership funded 

jointly by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) and industry 

partners. The university partners are DCU (Dublin City 

University, lead institution), TCD (Trinity College Dublin), 

UCD (University College Dublin) and UL (University of 

Limerick). Industry partners include Microsoft Ireland, 

Symantec Ireland, Dai Nippon Printing (Japan), SDL, 

Translations.com (Alchemy), CAPITA (Applied Language 

Solutions), Welocalize, VistaTEC and SpeechStorm, 

assembling some of the world-leading software, 

publishing and localisation companies in the CNGL 

partnership. 

The CNGL vision is to enable people to interact with 

content, products, services and each other, in their own 

language, culture, context and according to their own 

personal needs. 

To realise this vision, the CNGL research programme 

concentrates on the challenges of Volume, Access 

and Personalisation. Volume: the amount of content 

is growing dramatically and massively outstrips human 

translation capacity. Access: while traditional localisation 

is text, print and (full) screen/keyboard based, mobile 

devices enable ubiquitous access to information on 

the go, involving additional interaction modalities such 

Traditional enterprise localisation technologies tend to 

focus on large and well-managed localisation workflows, 

with predictable corporate content, targeting the lower, 

front, right-most part of the localisation cube (Figure 

1), with large parts of the Localisation Cube remaining 

unaddressed. 

Next Generation Localisation, by contrast, is based on a 

set of flexible and adaptive technologies and processes 

that allow us to address each point in the Localisation 

Cube, at configurable quality and speed. The CNGL 

research programme concentrates on three focal points 

in the Cube (Figure 2): 1 

1 Note that volume here refers to a single localisation request: while 

traditional bulk or enterprise localisation projects may involve the 

translation of millions of words into many languages, a single customer 

care interaction may only involve a few hundred words and one or two 

languages. However, the total effect is, of course, cumulative: millions of 

customer care interactions will generate very large total volumes.

18 


CNGL OVERVIEW 

Figure 2: CNGL Focal Points in the Localisation Cube 

technologies in terms of the flexible and adaptive CNGL 

Components Framework (rather than a single monolithic 

one-size-fits-all system) have served us well: it has guided 

the CNGL research programme and has allowed us to 

anticipate and respond flexibly to many of the recent 

challenges and opportunities in the localisation space, 

including the: 

} massive increase in multilingual user-generated (UGC) 

content (in addition to professionally edited corporate 

content) from user forums and social networking sites 

} growing importance of UGC in localisation and 

community-based customer support models 

The Bulk Localisation Workflow (BLW) scenario targets 

large volume localisation tasks with and without human 

pre- and post-editing, familiar from large localisation 

projects. The focus is on both corporate and NGO 

content, automation (translation technologies, in 

particular machine translation), the optimal integration 

of novel social and collaborative localisation models 

(including crowd-sourcing), supported by open standards 

and a flexible, open and web-services-based localisation 

platform that supports a wide range of workflows 

(supporting standard corporate as well as novel 

collaborative workflows). 

The Personalised Multilingual Customer Care (PMCC) 

scenario focuses on supporting global customers 

interacting with on-line and perishable corporate and 

user-generated multilingual content (e.g. product blogs), 

providing for frequent content updates, multi-modal 

access (speech and image, in addition to the more 

traditional text-based modalities) and increased levels of 

personalisation in real time interactions, without (or with 

minimal) human pre- and post-processing interventions. 

} emergence and impact of novel social and communitybased 

localisation in both for-profit and not-for-profit 

localisation operations 

} increasing number of non-governmental organisations 

(NGOs) world-wide targeting the global “digital 

divide” striving to provide access to information in the 

local language as a basic human right 

} increasing number of SMEs (rather than just 

Multinationals) targeting global markets with 

localisation needs markedly different from those 

of the Multinationals 

In particular, in CNGL project Year 5 (2012) we focus on 

two related themes, representing the key commercial 

and social dimensions of CNGL research: (i) Supporting 

the Global Customer and (ii) Promoting the Multilingual 

Society. 

Supporting the Global Customer and Promoting 

the Multilingual Society 

The Personalised Multilingual Social Networking (PMSN) 

scenario focuses fully on user-generated (UGC, in 

contrast to corporate) and highly perishable content 

prevalent on social networking and messaging sites, with 

high levels of personalisation and full use of all access 

modalities, developing CNGL technologies to monitor 

and manage information for customer support and to link 

social networking activities across linguistic barriers. 

This conceptualisation (the Localisation Cube), the 

factoring of challenges and opportunities into three 

dimensions (Volume, Access and Personalisation) and 

the implementation of the Next Generation Localisation


Figure 3: Organisation of the CNGL Research Programme 

Addressing the Challenges and Making the 

Most of the Opportunities: Charting the 

CNGL Research Map 

The CNGL mission is to develop flexible and adaptive 

next-generation localisation technologies and processes 

that allow us to address any point in the space defined 

by the Localisation Cube (Figure 1), at configurable 

quality and speed, realising the CNGL vision to enable 

people to interact with content, products, services and 

other people in their own language, according to their 

own culture, and according to their own personal needs. 

This mission directly determines the structure of the core 

CNGL research programme (Figure 3): 

The CNGL research programme intertwines four major 

research tracks (as well as a demonstrator programme): 

two of the tracks, Integrated Language Technologies (ILT) 

and Digital Content Management (DCM) are basic research 

tracks, and the remaining two, Next Generalisation 

Localisation (LOC) and Systems Framework (SF) are 

more applied, integrating research tracks. 

LOC: technological advances from ILT and DCM 

need to be integrated into workflows and blue-prints 

of Next Generation Localisation. LOC researches the 

life-cycle of digital content, including content design 

and development, standards; evaluates sophisticated 

language and content management technologies for 

integration into novel collaborative, community-driven 

and social localisation models; and provides technology 

support for such models in terms of an open modular, 

component and web services-based architecture, based 

on the SOLAS technology platform. 

SF: SF research focuses on underexplored software 

engineering aspects of complex multilingual digital 

content management, including requirements analysis, 

user interface design, the development of WebWOZ, 

a web-based Wizard-of-Oz technology platform, rapid 

prototyping systems, semantic interoperability, adaptive 

workflows, and web-based service architectures. SF 

coordinates the development of an evolution of CNGL 

demonstrator systems. 

ILT: ILT research focuses on Machine Translation (MT), 

Speech Technology and Text Analytics to provide the 

support technologies for translation and interaction 

automation across language and modality (text and 

speech) barriers, based on the MaTrEX MT and MUSE 

Speech Technology platforms. 

DCM: DCM research focuses on combining Adaptive 

Hypermedia (AH) with Cross-Lingual and Multimodal 

(Text, Image and Speech) Information Retrieval (IR) 

technologies to find, dice and slice and recompose 

content to support the CNGL information access and 

personalisation agenda in a multilingual setting, based 

on the Adaptive Engine technology platform. 

CNGL Demonstrator Systems 

Demonstrator systems are a core part of CNGL research. 

The demonstrators provide focal points for project 

cohesion and collaboration, combining technologies 

and teams from across CNGL research tracks and 

academic and industry partners. The demonstrators are 

an essential component in overall project evaluation and 

contribute platforms for research and experimentation 

across all CNGL. They showcase CNGL technologies to 

the outside world and ground CNGL research outputs 

in commercial as well as non-profit societal applications.

20 



During CNGL project Years 1 to 3, the demonstrator 

systems focused on the three core use scenarios in 

the space defined by the Localisation Cube (Figure 

2): the Bulk Localisation Workflow (BLW) scenario, 

the Personalised Multilingual Customer Care (PMCC) 

scenario and the Personalised Multilingual Social 

Networking (PMSN) scenario. Based on this work, during 

project Year 4 (2011), the demonstrators showcased a 

broad industry story line around the “Supporting the 

Global Customer” theme, while for CNGL project Year 5 

(2012) the focus was on advancing and showcasing those 

demonstrators with the most commercial and industry 

impact and those demonstrators showing promising 

research directions for the future. 

CNGL Outreach and Technology-Transfer 

Activities 

Technology transfer is a key CNGL objective to convert 

research outputs into economic and social impact. 

CNGL carefully manages IP in close collaboration with 

the researchers and industry partners and fosters an 

entrepreneurial spirit within the CNGL researcher 

community. 

Fostering interest in science and technology, in particular 

information technology, in education (within and outside 

CNGL) and the public in general is a further key objective 

for CNGL. We offer a wide range of activities, including 

projects for first, second, third and fourth level education; 

professional development and communication within 

CNGL; and communication and dissemination in relevant 

professional research and industry sectors as well as the 

public in general. 

Changes and Developments in the CNGL 

Consortium 

CNGL operates in a dynamic and fast-changing 

environment, both in our research and business sectors, 

in particular in the localisation space: 2012 saw a strongly 

increased focus on commercialisation of CNGL research 

expertise, in particular in the form of the growth and 

traction of CNGL spin-out and start-up companies and 

not-for-profit organisations: 

ILT technologies underpin three start-up companies: 

} Xcelerator Machine Translations, through its 

KantanMT product (www.kantanmt.com), operates 

in the space of cloud-based and scalable provision of 

personalised and adaptive MT services that are easy 

to configure, manage and operate 

} Scream Technologies (www.screamtechnologies.com) 

specialises in creating synthetic voices from human 

actors, enabling the end user to create humansounding 

synthetic speech and control how it sounds. 

Scream’s product enables enterprise customers to 

find a voice that represents them, and then to use 

that voice for all announcements, interactive voice 

response, telephone, or advertising without ever 

needing to return to a recording studio 

} Digital Linguistics (www.digitallinguistics.com) uses 

machine learning based text classification technologies 

for quality assurance (QA) for localisation projects 

DCM technologies underpin two start-up companies: 

} Emizar (www.emizar.com) focuses on customer care 

applications based on adaptive and personalised 

dicing, slicing and recomposing digital content 

} Wripl (www.wripl.com) offers Personalisation-as-a- 

Service across websites, improving a user’s experience 

as they browse across multiple different CMS systems 

to solve a particular task. Wripl is spinout preparation 

mode at present. 

LOC technologies underpin: 

The 

R SETTA 

Foundation 

} The Rosetta Foundation (www.therosettafoundation. 

org), a not-for-profit organisation that provides 

localisation services to NGOs and social causes based 

on novel, community-based localisation models (to 

date involving 2,600+ volunteers), supported by the 

CNGL SOLAS technology platform.


These developments (including the 2,600 volunteers 

engaging with The Rosetta Foundation and the €1.25M 

in venture capital raised by Xcelerator and Scream 

Technologies) clearly show the social and economic 

relevance of the CNGL research programme. 

Commercialisation activities are strongly underpinned 

by SFI and Enterprise Ireland funded activities 

(including 6 Technology Innovation Development 

Award grants, 5 Enterprise Ireland Feasibility Awards, 

3 Commercialisation Fund Awards, and 2 Innovation 

Partnerships) taking research all the way from the labs 

into the market. 

On the academic and research side, CNGL extends a 

strong welcome to Prof. Qun Liu, formerly Director of 

the Natural Language Processing Lab of the Chinese 

Academy of Sciences in Beijing, as the new Professor 

of Machine Translation in DCU. Prof. Liu’s expertise 

in cutting-edge machine translation and language 

technology research and his international standing in 

the research community make a key contribution to 

CNGL and substantially strengthen CNGL’s expertise in 

multilingual technologies. 

Research Highlights 2012 

Due to limits in space, unfortunately, below we can only 

provide a sneak preview of a few selected highlights. For 

full details please consult the subsequent sections in the 

2012 CNGL Annual Report. 

Research Outputs 2012 

Research performance and output in 2012 has been 

strong: CNGL has again substantially outperformed its 

research KPI targets (Table 1) with 92 conference and 

26 journal, book and book chapter publications, a total 

of 118 against a cumulative target of 62 for the reporting 

period. Since 2007, CNGL has published a total of 411 

research publications, against a target of 291 (Table 2), 

outperforming overall targets by a factor of 1.5. 

Table 1: CNGL 2012 Research KPIs against Targets 

CNGL Research Outputs 2012 Actuals Targets 

Journal papers, book chapters 

and books 

26 12 

Conference publications 92 50 

Conferences/workshops hosted 17 8 

Table 2: CNGL 2007–2012 Cumulative Research KPIs 

against Targets 

CNGL Research Outputs 

2007-2012 

Journal papers, book chapters 

and books 

Actuals 

Targets 

63 43 

Conference publications 348 237 

Conferences/workshops hosted 58 39 

ILT: highlights include best paper awards (Vogel and 

Mamani Sánchez, 2012 and Emms and Franco-Penya, 

2012), winning the SANCL-2012 Web Parsing challenge 

organised by Google at NAACL-HLT 2012 (Le Roux, 

Foster, Wagner, Kaljahi and Bryl, 2012), strong speech 

technology publications with 6 journal papers, 2 book 

chapters and 5 conference papers at ICASSP and 

Interspeech 2012, the strong presence of CNGL at 

COLING 2012, Mumbai, India with a total of 15 full, short 

and workshop MT and Text Analytics papers, and the 

award to host COLING 2014 in Dublin to CNGL partner 

DCU with CNGL Director Prof. Josef van Genabith as 

General Chair. ILT researchers have worked in close 

cooperation with CNGL industry partners and startup 

companies VistaTEC and Digital Linguistics in text 

classification for MT quality assessment, Symantec 

in tuning MT to User-Generated Content, and with 

Xcelerator and Welocalize on integrating MT and TM 

technologies. ILT researchers are involved in 2 new EU 

FP7 MT projects (QTLaunchPad and the EXPERT Marie 

Curie PhD Graduate School) and lead (Dr. Antonio Toral) 

the Abu-MaTran FP7 Academia-Industry partnership 

project.

22 



DCM: highlights include the publication of over 30 

peer-reviewed papers in international journals (e.g. ACM 

CSUR, UMUAI and Journal IR) and at major international 

conferences (ACM Hypertext, SIGIR 2012, CIKM 2012, 

COLING 2013, AAAI 2012, ACL 2012, and TPDL 2013). 

DCM research has made significant advances in the 

personalisation and dynamic aggregation of usergenerated 

content, corporate content, and open content 

harvested from the open web. This has led to industry 

trials in the application areas of Personalised Multilingual 

Customer Care and Personalisation as a Service. 

Research has progressed on structural content analysis 

for web slicing, and the MOODfinger framework for 

affective news retrieval has been further developed. DCM 

researchers (Prof. Owen Conlan and Prof. Vincent Wade) 

won two SFI TIDA grants for research in personalisation, 

which have led to the planning of spinout companies 

Emizar and Wripl. A third TIDA grant – for work in 

automated slicing of content for reuse and repurposing 

– has been secured (Prof. Vincent Wade) and work will 

commence in early 2013. Trials and evaluations of DCM 

technology, including the Personalised Multilingual 

Customer Care portal and the Personalised Multilingual 

Information Retrieval demonstrator, were conducted in 

collaboration with Microsoft and Symantec. TCD (Prof. 

Vincent Wade) also established the Enterprise Ireland 

Technology Centre for Technology Enhanced Learning 

(Learnovate Centre) which is allied to CNGL. 

LOC: highlights include the continued development of 

a flexible, open-source, open-standards-, componentsand 

web-services-based platform (SOLAS) supporting 

standard but also innovative social, collaborative and 

distributed localisation workflows. SOLAS consists of two 

main strands: SOLAS Match and SOLAS Productivity. 

SOLAS Productivity makes use of a standardised data 

container, open web service APIs, and a common 

orchestration and process management module, which 

connect to any number of component technologies 

developed by academic and industrial partners within 

CNGL as well as with third party technologies and tools. 

SOLAS Match provides ground-breaking and intuitive 

technology that allows for the seamless and user-friendly 

matching of community translation tasks with volunteer 

translators. The close collaboration between LOC and 

the Rosetta Foundation makes CNGL technologies 

directly available to social localisation operations and, 

in return, tests CNGL technologies with currently 2,600+ 

volunteers. 

SF: highlights include strong progress in human 

factor and interaction design research, substantial 

contributions to standardisation (ITS (W3C) and XLIFF 

(OASIS)) and interoperability for systems services 

architecture research. Doherty, Karamanis and Luz 

(2012) investigates the impact of work contexts on the 

use of MT in localisation operations. The CNGL Wizard 

of Oz platform has been made open source and is 

available online (www.webwoz.com). A Linked Open 

Data approach has been used for end-to-end content 

management and localisation integration (Lewis et al., 

2012) involving SOLAS and the MaTrEx CNGL platform 

technologies, provenance tracking and visualisation, 

in close collaboration with CNGL partners Microsoft 

and VistaTEC. Substantial progress has been achieved 

in instrumenting CAT tools to capture post-editing of 

MT outputs as well as in the visualisation of online 

community analytics, closely collaborating with CNGL 

partners Welocalize and Symantec. 

Commercialisation 

Translating research outputs into economic and social 

impact is a key objective for CNGL: Table 3 shows a 

total of 10 invention and software disclosures, 1 patent 

application and 1 spin-out company (against targets 

of 20, 4 and 2, respectively) for 2012. CNGL engages 

strongly in spin-out and start-up companies as well 

as in not-for-profit social operations. The Rosetta 

Foundation (www.therosettafoundation.org) focuses 

on localisation support for NGOs (and other not-for-profit 

organisations) using a novel social and collaborative 

localisation platform. Emizar (www.emizar.com) focuses 

on digital content and personalisation technologies for 

customer support. Xcelerator Machine Translations, 

through its KantanMT product (www.kantanmt.com), 

provides Cloud-based MT technologies automatically 

producing highly scalable custom MT engines by 

uploading data resources, requiring minimal technical 

expertise on the part of the client. Digital Linguistics 

(www.digitallinguistics.com) uses stylometrics and 

text classification technologies developed in ILT for 

translation quality review. Scream Technologies (www. 

screamtechnologies.com) offers custom text-to-speech 

systems based on ILT technologies. Additionally, spinout 

candidate Wripl (www.wripl.com) offers personalisationas-a-service 

across websites, drawing on DCM research.


Table 3: 2012 IP KPIs against Targets 

CNGL KPIs 2012 Actuals Targets 

Patent applications 1 4 

Invention and software 

disclosures 

10 20 

Spin-outs 1 2 

Outreach 

The CNGL Education and Outreach Programme 

concentrates on first, second, third and fourth level 

education, and outreach to industry and the general 

public. 

CNGL founded the All Irish Linguistics Olympiad 

(AILO) in 2009 and has organised the competition since 

then. In 2012, more than 400 secondary level students 

participated in the national competitions and the top 

four individual students represented Ireland at the 

International Linguistics Olympiad (ILO) 2012 in Slovenia. 

Promoting African languages in the Information 

Society, the University of Limerick’s MSc in Multilingual 

Computing and Localisation will be delivered through 

distance learning and co-hosted by the United Nations 

Economic Commission for Africa at its Information 

Training Centre for Africa in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

Growing the CNGL Research Eco-System 

2012 

CNGL has been highly successful in attracting 

competitive research funding nationally and 

internationally, rapidly developing a research eco-system 

clustering around core CNGL based on a large number 

of affiliated EU projects (under the FP7 programme), 

SFI-funded programmes, CNGL business-development 

activities funded through Enterprise Ireland programmes 

or direct contract research co-operations. Major currently 

active projects are listed in Table 4. These provide further 

evidence of the rapid development of the international 

research standing and recognition of CNGL, as well as 

of the relevance and commercialisation potential of the 

CNGL research programme. 

Planning for the Future 

With the end of project Year 5 in 2012, CNGL has 

now completed its original funding cycle (2007-2012), 

and is completing a number of key on-going research, 

commercialisation and outreach projects in a non-costed 

extension in 2013. CNGL has been a resounding success 

generating (to date) more than 400 peer-reviewed 

publications, 21 PhD theses, 39 invention and software 

disclosures, 9 patent applications, 4 commercial spin-out 

and start-up companies, 1 not-for-profit spin-out, strong 

industry-academia partnerships and a total of €15.8m 

of additional competitive research, development and 

commercialisation funding growing the CNGL Research 

Eco-System. 

At the same time, CNGL has been successful in winning 

further substantial competitive funding from Science 

Foundation Ireland for initially 30 months to continue 

CNGL into the future with a core grant of €10.5M 

(CNGLII: March 2013 – September 2016). “CNGLII” is 

based on an evolution of CNGL, expanding its remit 

from localisation to a broader focus on Digital Content 

Management in a Global Intelligent Content setting 

based on the concept of a Global Content Value 

Chain, where services interact with content to make 

it self-describing, self-aware and self-adapting across 

language barriers, modalities and interaction platforms, 

tuned to context and user. The CNGLII application was 

successfully led by Prof. Vincent Wade (TCD), who will 

take over as Director of CNGL on 1 March 2013.

24 



Table 4: CNGL Research Eco-System: Income Received from Active Affiliated Research Projects 2012 

Project Funding Body € 

contribution 

(to CNGL 

partner) 

QT Launch Pad EC – FP7 477,960 

LT-Web – Language Technology in the Web EC – FP7 396,391 

CENDARI (Collaborative European Digital Archive 

Infrastructure) 

EXPERT (EXPloiting Empirical appRoaches to 

Translation) 

Abu-MaTran (Automatic building of Machine 

Translation) 

IRCSET Data Mining for Industrial Apps – 

PhD Sponsorship 

EC – FP7 120,000 

EC – FP7 – Marie Currie 481,000 

EC – FP7 – Marie Currie 365,966 

Phorest 24,000 

IRCSET Data Mining for Industrial Apps – 

PhD Sponsorship 

Irish Research Council for Science, 

Engineering and Technology (IRCSET) 

48,000 

Learning Technology Centre Enterprise Ireland (EI) 3,000,000 

EI Commercialisation with Xcelerator Machine 

Translations 

EI Feasibility Grant – Adaptive Solutions for Patent 

Translation 

Enterprise Ireland (EI) 152,000 


EI Innovation Voucher with Cipherion Translations Enterprise Ireland (EI) 5,000 

EI Innovation Voucher with IntelImpact Enterprise Ireland (EI) 5,000 

EI Feasibility Study Critical Data Auditor Feasibility 

Study 


EI Innovation Voucher with FFiG Enterprise Ireland (EI) 5,000 

EI Feasibility Grant – Wripl Enterprise Ireland (EI) 15,000 

EI Innovation Partnership Programme with Pixalert – 

Crital Data Auditor 


EI Commercialisation Fund Ata-Bot Enterprise Ireland (EI) 244,381 

PoliMon4Cloud Technology Innovation Development Award (TIDA) 76,384 

Integrated Software Suite to provide Next Generation 

Personalised Multilingual Customer Care 

Technology Innovation Development Award (TIDA) 67,748 

MT & TM Integration Technology Innovation Development Award (TIDA) 86,427 

UNITE (Personalised Cross-site Personalisation) Technology Innovation Development Award (TIDA) 60,000 

Iterative Retraining of Machine Translation with 

Post-edits to Increase Post-Editing Productivity in 

Localisation Workflows 

Linguabox: Automated Open Content Repurposing 

Service to support Personalized eLearning 

iOmegaT – An Instrumented Replayable 

Computer-Aided-Translation Tool 




5,973,743

Integrated Language 

Technologies


Strand Name: Integrated Language Technologies 

AREA CO-ORDINATORS: 

PROF. JOSEF VAN GENABITH, DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY 

PROF. NICK CAMPBELL, TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 

Participant Names and Affiliation 

Industrial Collaborators 

International Collaborators 

Mr. Takeshi Fukunaga 

Dai Nippon Printing 

Prof. Walter Daelemans 

Antwerp, Belgium 

Mr. Tom Gray 

SpeechStorm 

Prof. Mikel Forcada 

Alicante, Spain 

Mr. John Dixon 

Dr. Fred Hollowood 

Mr. Paul McManus 

Mr. Enda McDonnell 

Applied Language 

Solutions 

Symantec 

SDL 

Alchemy Software 

Development 

Prof. Bernd Möbius 

Prof. Khalil Sima’an 

Prof. Eiichiro Sumita 

Prof. Antal van den Bosch 

Prof. François Yvon 

Stuttgart, Germany 

Amsterdam, Netherlands 

ATR, Japan 

Tilburg, Netherlands 

Paris, France 

Mr. Phil Ritchie 

VistaTEC 

Dr. Johann Roturier 

Symantec 

Mr. Dag Schmidtke 

Microsoft 

Faculty 

Prof. Nick Campbell Trinity College Dublin ILT Co-Leader, ILT2 Leader 

Dr. Peter Cahill University College Dublin ILT2 Co-Leader 

Prof. Julie Carson-Berndsen University College Dublin ILT2 Co-Leader 

Dr. Martin Emms Trinity College Dublin ILT3 

Dr. Christer Gobl Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Prof. Qun Liu Dublin City University ILT1 

Dr. Dorothy Kenny Dublin City University ILT1 

Dr. Saturnino Luz Trinity College Dublin ILT3 

Prof. Ailbhe Ní Chasáide Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Dr. Sharon O’Brien Dublin City University ILT1 

Prof. Josef van Genabith Dublin City University ILT Co-Leader, ILT1 Leader, ILT3 

Dr. Carl Vogel Trinity College Dublin ILT3 Leader 

Research Integration Officer 

Dr. Declan Groves 

Dublin City University

28 


INTEGRATED LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGIES 

Postdoctoral Researchers 

Dr. Ergun Biçici Dublin City University ILT1 

Dr. Joao Cabral University College Dublin ILT2 

Dr. Yvette Graham Dublin City University Affiliated 

Dr. Ingmar Steiner University College Dublin ILT2 

Dr. Erwan Moreau Trinity College Dublin ILT3 

Dr. Sara Morrissey Dublin City University ILT1 

Dr. Sudip Kumar Naskar Dublin City University ILT1 

Dr. Irena Yanushevskaya Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Dr. Xiaofeng Wu Dublin City University ILT1 

Dr. Junhui Li Dublin City University ILT1 

PhD Students 

Mr. Mohamed Abou-Zleikha University College Dublin ILT2 

Mr. Zeeshan Ahmed University College Dublin ILT2 

Ms. Hala Al-Maghout Dublin City University ILT1 

Mr. Pratyush Banerjee Dublin City University ILT1 

Ms. Hanna Béchara Dublin City University ILT1 

Mr. Sandipan Dandapat Dublin City University ILT1 

Mr. Stephen Doherty Dublin City University ILT1 

Ms. Amelie Dorn Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Mr. Hector Hugo Franco Penya Trinity College Dublin ILT3 

Mr. John Kane Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Mr. Mark Kane University College Dublin ILT2 

Mr. Gerard Lynch Trinity College Dublin ILT3 

Mr. Alfredo Maldonado Guerra Trinity College Dublin ILT3 

Ms. Liliana Mamani Sanchez Trinity College Dublin ILT3 

Ms. Neasa Ní Chiaráin Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Mr. Udochukwu Kalu Ogbureke University College Dublin ILT2 

Ms. Maria O’Reilly Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Mr. Ankit Srivastava Dublin City University ILT1 

Ms. Eva Szekely University College Dublin ILT2 

Mr. Christoph Wendler Trinity College Dublin ILT2 

Ms. Amalia Zahra University College Dublin ILT2


Funding 

2012 Funding from SFI 

CNGL (07/CE/I1142): €1,064,77 

SFI TIDA Award Iterative Retraining of Machine 

Translation with Post-edits to increase Post-Editing 

Productivity in Localisation Workflows €99,218 

SFI TIDA Award MT & TM Integration €86,427 

2012 Funding from Other Sources 

van Genabith EU FP7 QT Launch Pad: €477,960 

van Genabith: EU FP7 LT Web: €87,290 

van Genabith: EU FP7 EXPERT Marie Curie PhD Training 

€481,000 

Toral: Abu-MaTran EU FP7 PEOPLE €365,966

30 



Research Overview: Integrated 

Language Technologies (ILT) 

Goals 

Human languages are a core medium for representing, 

storing and sharing knowledge and information. The 

objective of the ILT track is to perform basic and applied 

research in language technologies (LTs) supporting 

content processing and management across languages 

and modalities (text and speech). ILT1 focuses on 

advancing machine translation (MT), ILT2 on speech 

input and output as well as speech translation, and 

ILT3 on text classification and annotation. The three 

groups work closely together on integrated technologies 

providing core CNGL language-based services. 

Research Barriers and Methodologies 

to Address Them 

ILT1: Machine Translation 

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), in particular 

Phrase-Based SMT (PB-SMT such as the Moses 

platform), has been a game-changer in both research 

and commercial applications of MT. At the same time 

SMT is reaching a performance plateau, with disruptive 

improvements in translation quality requiring massive 

increases in training data. Traditional PB-SMT uses 

string-based information. Substantial improvements 

are expected through the use of richer (linguistically or 

distributionally motivated) signals, including syntactic 

and semantic information, in machine learning-based 

approaches to MT. Mining and translating noisy usergenerated 

content (UGC) is becoming increasingly 

important in global business intelligence and customer 

support operations. However, UGC is highly challenging 

for MT trained on “clean” professionally-edited data. MT 

is applied to increasing numbers of domains and text 

types. Novel domain adaptation techniques are required 

to ensure optimal MT output quality. Improvement in 

MT components (such as alignment) can improve overall 

MT performance. Most system combination and hybrid 

MT approaches can profit from better machine learning 

technologies. Technologies need to be developed to 

support fully language-independent quality estimation/ 

prediction (without access to a reference translation) 

that treats the MT system as a black box. Finally, optimal 

integration of translation technologies requires full 

consideration of the human in the loop. 

Almaghout et al. (2012a, b) show how linguisticallymotivated 

sophisticated syntactic information enriching 

synchronous context free grammars (SCFGs) can improve 

state-of-the-art hierarchical phrase-based SMT (HPB- 

SMT) systems. Graham and van Genabith (2012) present 

a statistical, deep syntax, LFG-based decoder and MT 

system. Banerjee et al. (2012a) develop a translationquality 

driven supplementary training data selection 

model for tuning MT to user-generated content. Banerjee 

et al. (2012b) compare normalisation and supplementary 

training data based approaches to MT of UGC. Pecina 

et al. (2012) present approaches to adapting log-linear 

weight vectors to achieve optimal translation for different 

domains given a generic training set without retraining. 

Tu et al. (2012) show how compact representations of 

alignment alternatives can improve MT. Dandapat et al. 

(2012) develop an efficient system combination approach 

integrating EBMT, SMT, TM and IR-based technologies. 

The Second Workshop and Shared Task on Applying 

Machine Learning Techniques to Optimise the Division 

of Labour in Hybrid MT (ML4HMT-12) was co-organised 

by CNGL (van Genabith, Badia, Federmann, Melero, 

Costa-jussà and Okita, 2012) and CNGL research teams 

contributed four submissions (Wu et al., 2012; Okital et 

al., 2012a; Okita, et al., 2012b; Okita, 2012) to the shared 

task. Bicici et al. (2013 accepted for publication) show 

how quality prediction can be performed using language 

independent features treating MT systems as a black box. 

Doherty et al. (2012), Doherty and O’Brien (2012) and 

Doherty and Moorkens (2013) investigate human factors 

in translation technology integration using eye-tracking 

experiments as well as studies on SMT integration into 

translation professional training syllabi. 

ILT2: Speech and Machine Translation 

The analysis of voice characteristics¸ synthesis of 

expressive voices, linking speech with other modalities 

(such as facial expressions) and speech-to-speech 

translation are some of the core challenges in speech 

research. 

Kane et al. (2012) develop algorithms for automatically 

detecting creaky voice and facilitating its inclusion 

in speech synthesis. An Invention Disclosure for a 

new method for tracking changes in the voice with 

applications in speaker identity tracking and emotion 

detection has been filed. Székely et al. (2012) detects 

voice styles in audiobooks and builds synthetic voices for 

those voice styles. Abou-Zleikha et al. (2012) presents


novel work on pitch and duration modelling. Cabral 

et al. (2012) improve modelling of vocal cord vibration 

for better voice quality in speech synthesis. Székely et 

al. (2012) link synthetic speech voice style and facial 

expression. Ahmed et al. (2012) develop state-of-theart 

phone-based hierarchical phrase-based machine 

translation (HPB-SMT) models. 

ILT3: Analytics 

Language data provide “unstructured” representations of 

information. Language technologies (LTs) are required to 

automatically extract structure from language data and to 

record this structure in the form of mark-up, annotation, 

metadata and explicit representations of information 

content, across languages and domains. In order to 

address these challenges, ILT3 develops sophisticated 

classification-based language technologies using a 

wide variety of features and approaches in document, 

sentence and sub-sentential classification problems in 

syntax, semantics and pragmatics, often with a focus on 

supporting MT. In addition, ILT3 has a strong focus on 

domain adaptation, concentrating in particular on usergenerated 

content. 

of Dubai (Attia et al. (2012a), Attia et al. (2012b) 

show how a combination of finite state and machine 

learning-based technologies can be used to produce 

wider coverage lexical resources for Modern Standard 

Arabic using the Arabic Giga-Word corpus data, as well 

as how spell checking for Arabic can be improved. In 

collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and 

New York University, the DCU ILT3 team investigates the 

granularity of syntactic information required to improve 

sentiment analysis (Tu et al., 2012). 

Text classification developed by Dr. Carl Vogel’s team 

has produced two Invention Disclosures and a Patent 

Application (application no. 11169673.8-1527) with 

the European Patent Office, as well as a commercial 

licence for Digital Linguistics, a CNGL start-up company. 

Moreau and Vogel (2012) compare supervised and semisupervised 

approaches to MT quality estimation. Lynch, 

Moreau and Vogel (2012) develop accurate classifiers 

to decide whether something is a translation or not. If 

it is a translation, Lynch and Vogel (2012) predict the 

source language. Emms (2012), Emms and Franco Penya 

(2012a, b) explore stochastic tree distance similarity 

measures and employ it for semantic role labelling 

(Emms and Franco Penya, 2012c). Maldonado-Guerra 

and Emms (2012) develop methods to investigate the 

complex translation behaviour of multi-word expressions. 

Vogel and Mamani Sanchez (2012) predict the complex 

interplay between emoticons and hedges as social signals 

in user fora. The DCU-Paris 13 parsing team won the 

Web-Parsing Challenge and Shared Task organised by 

Google as part of SANCL-2012 at NAACL-HLT 2012 (Le 

Roux et al., 2012), using the DCU LORG parser platform 

and domain adaptation techniques. In a collaboration 

between DCU, Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf, 

Charles University Prague and the British University 

Hector-Hugo Franco-Penya, Dr. Alexandru Ceausu and Dr. Antonio Toral 

were among the many participants in the Hadoop Hackathon run by 

CNGL in March 

Year 5 Progress 

The final year of the initial funding cycle of CNGL 

(2007–2012) has been dominated by strong research 

and publication outputs, writing-up of PhD theses 

(leading to six successful PhD completions), increased 

commercialisation activities translating research outputs 

into IP (Invention Disclosures, Patent Applications and 

Licences) and considerable time and effort spent on the 

CNGL final review and CNGLII application preparations. 

Despite the loss of some members of the research 

team who have taken up new positions in industry and 

academia, all research tracks in ILT continue to run ahead 

of schedule in close collaboration with CNGL industry 

partners and increased engagements with additional 

commercial entities.

32 



Progress in ILT1: Machine Translation 

The ILT1 group continues to have an impressive 

publication record. Conference papers have been 

accepted at a number of world-renowned conferences 

including the Association for Computational Linguistics 

(ACL-2012, Jeju, Korea), the International Conference 

for Computational Linguistics (COLING-2012, Mumbai, 

India), the European Association for Machine Translation 

(EAMT-2012, Trento, Italy) as well as the Machine 

Translation Summit (AMTA-2012, San Diego, CA) and 

the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT- 

2012, Montreal, Canada). COLING-2012 was particularly 

successful with a total of 9 MT papers at the main 

conference and COLING workshops. 

Data-driven statistical MT technologies are able to 

provide translations suitable for use in commercial 

settings, as evidenced by the dramatic increase in 

adoption and provision of MT services in the localisation 

industry. The question is no longer whether or not to 

use MT technologies, but how best to integrate MT into 

localisation and content management workflows. At 

the same time, statistical MT, in particular phrase-based 

statistical MT (PB-SMT), is reaching a performance 

plateau, with disruptive improvements in translation 

quality requiring massive increases in training data. 

Traditional PB-SMT uses string-based information. 

Substantial improvements are expected through 

the use of richer (linguistically or distributionally 

motivated) signals, including syntactic and semantic 

information, in machine learning-based approaches to 

MT. ILT1 has made key contributions to this research 

challenge, evidenced by CNGL publications at EAMT- 

2012, ACL-2012 and WMT-2012 from the DCU MT 

group. Almaghout et al. (2012) and Li et al. (2012a, 

b) show how linguistically-motivated sophisticated 

syntactic information enriching synchronous context 

free grammars (SCFGs) can improve state-of-the-art 

hierarchical phrase-based SMT (HPB-SMT) systems. 

Graham and van Genabith (2012) develop a deep syntax 

(Lexical-Functional Grammar)-based statistical MT 

system. 

With increasing volumes of content being generated 

by users (rather than professional writers), the need for 

mining and making this content (user fora, blogs, tweets) 

available across multiple languages has significantly 

increased. Coping with potentially noisy user-generated 

content (UGC) presents a major challenge for MT and 

novel training data selection models are crucial for tuning 

MT models to UGC. Working in close cooperation with 

CNGL industry partner Symantec, a key DCU MT group 

publication at COLING-2012 (Banerjee et al., 2012a) 

presents a translation-quality driven supplementary 

training data selection model for tuning MT to UGC, 

while Banerjee et al. (2012b) investigate the question 

whether text normalisation techniques are more 

productive in automatic translation of UGC compared 

to adding suitable supplementary training data. Tuning 

MT to diverse text types and content domains is a crucial 

factor in ensuring optimal quality. In many real world 

application scenarios, however, a complete retraining of 

the MT system on domain specific training material is not 

an option: it may either be too costly or suitable training 

material is simply not available. A joint DCU MT group 

and Charles University Prague COLING-2012 publication 

(Pecina et al., 2012) presents approaches to adapting loglinear 

weight vectors to achieve improved translation for 

different domains given a generic training set without the 

need for full retraining. 

System combination and hybrid MT can improve MT 

quality: in partnership with DFKI (The German Research 

Center for Artificial Intelligence) and Barcelona Media 

(BM), the DCU CNGL MT group organised the Second 

Workshop and Shared Task on Applying Machine 

Learning Techniques to Optimise the Division of 

Labour in Hybrid MT (ML4HMT-12) in Mumbai, India, 

as a COLING-2012 workshop (van Genabith, Badia, 

Federmann, Melero, Costa-jussà and Okita, 2012). 

The DCU CNGL MT research teams contributed four 

submissions (Wu et al., 202; Okita et al, 2012a; Okita 

et al., 2012b; Okita, 2012) to the shared task. System 

combination is usually most effective when the MT 

systems involved are quite diverse. Dandapat et al. 

(2012) develop an efficient system combination approach 

integrating EBMT, SMT, TM and IR-based technologies.


Improvements in components of statistical MT systems 

can lead to better translation outputs. In a collaboration 

with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua 

University and New York University, Tu et al. (2012) show 

how compact representations of alignment alternatives 

(rather than using a single alignment) can improve MT. 

MT and other translation technologies can only deliver 

if full consideration is given to the human in the loop: 

Doherty et al. (2012) develop and validate a syllabus to 

teach translators SMT and related skills. Doherty and 

O’Brien (2012) examine the usability of MT using eye 

tracking and find quality for some target languages to 

be as good as the source, but detrimental to the user 

experience in others. Doherty and Moorkens (2013) 

present an evaluation of teaching translation technology 

to translators and identify several hurdles and solutions. 

Moorkens et al. (2013) use SMT output to remove 

consistencies in TM data and demonstrate resulting 

improvements in both TM and SMT quality. 

MT quality estimation is the task of predicting the 

quality of MT output without access to a reference 

translation. Ideally this can be done without access to the 

internals of the MT system involved and in a language 

independent way, i.e. without relying on languagespecific 

resources that may require costly supervised 

training. Bicici et al. (2013 accepted for publication) show 

how quality prediction can be performed using language 

independent features treating MT systems as a black 

box. Parts of this research have been submitted as an 

Invention Disclosure. 

Dr. Sharon O’Brien of DCU and CNGL alumnus Dr. Sergio Penkale 

of CAPITA pictured at the AMTA-2012 Workshop on Post-editing 

Technology and Practice (WPTP) in San Diego, USA 

Progress in ILT2 

Although the focus of the PhD students has mainly been 

on thesis write-up, the ILT2 Speech Technology research 

groups at UCD and TCD have made significant progress 

in Year 5. Building on research conducted in previous 

years, there was significant further development of 

methodologies for analysis of voice characteristics 

and for text-to-speech synthesis of expressive voices. 

The ILT2 group at TCD has developed algorithms for 

automatically detecting creaky voice and provided 

mechanisms to facilitate its inclusion in speech synthesis 

(Kane et al., 2012). The progress on this topic is reflected 

in two publications at the 2012 Interspeech conference 

and in one journal article. John Kane (TCD) has also filed 

an Invention Disclosure for a new method for tracking 

changes in the voice, which may be deployed in a wide 

range of applications from improved speech synthesis to 

speaker identity tracking and even emotion detection. 

Significant developments on synthesis of expressive 

voices were made by researchers at the Speech 

Technology Group at UCD. One of the major 

contributions looks at exploring the variability in voice 

qualities in audiobook corpora by detecting voice styles 

in this type of corpora and building synthetic voices for 

those voice styles (Székely et al., 2012). Work on pitch 

and duration modelling using novel techniques based 

on exemplar-based generation also contributed to the 

improvement of the prosodic aspect and expressiveness 

of the synthetic speech (Abou-Zleikha et al., 2012). 

Research on modelling other aspects of the voice source 

than pitch, using the LF-model to represent the signal 

produced by vibration of the vocal cords in human 

speech production, has also been further investigated 

to permit better control of voice quality in speech 

synthesis (Cabral et al., 2012). One of the outcomes 

of the research on expressive speech synthesis is the 

WinkTalk system developed at UCD as part of the CNGL 

Demonstrator Programme. This system is a multimodal 

speech synthesis platform which links facial expression to 

expressive voices (Székely et al., 2012). It allows the user 

to control the voice style of the synthetic speech by facial 

expression, with the help of a web camera and tools for 

facial expression analysis. Another interesting application 

of expressive speech synthesis developed at UCD is its 

integration into speech-to-speech translation (Székely 

et al., 2012). The resulting prototype system, FEAST

34 



(Facial Expression-based Affective Speech) classifies the 

emotional state of the user and uses it to render the 

translated output in an appropriate voice style. 

The successful collaboration between researchers 

from UCD (ILT2) and DCU (ILT3) in previous years on 

the integration of speech recognition with machine 

translation, continued this year with work on phonebased 

hierarchical phrase-based machine translation 

which results in better performance than conventional 

speech translation approaches (Ahmed et al., 2012). 

Progress in ILT3 

ILT3 continues to provide mark-up, annotation, 

metadata, and knowledge through automatic linguistic 

analysis for the discovery, transformation and delivery 

of unstructured information across languages. ILT3 has 

maintained a strong focus on user-generated and possibly 

“noisy” content as found on blogs, forums, tweets and 

generally on social media, and continues to expand 

close collaboration with industry partners, concentrating 

on customer care, event detection and sentiment 

tracking scenarios. This strand of research focuses on 

text classification and annotation and holds that texts 

have infinitely many uses, whereby each sort of use 

elicits classification decisions. There is no single form of 

annotation that has maximal useful impact across actual 

or potential uses. It is frequently useful to make the 

annotations within the domain of syntax, in semantics, 

and with respect to the pragmatic function; however, it 

is not to be expected that each application which has a 

need for syntactic labels, for example, will benefit from 

the same class of labels or level of detail within a class 

(sometimes LFG c-structure with f-structure annotation 

is necessary; sometimes part-of-speech tagging of lexical 

stems alone is necessary). ILT3 research has addressed 

document, sentence and sub-sentential classification 

problems in syntax, semantics and pragmatics. 

Text classification is a core technology in CNGL, the 

subject of basic research in extending classification 

methods, and applied in various contexts – used in 

domain tuning and translation quality assessment (inter 

alia). The ILT3 team performs text classification from 

the perspective of linguistic theory, testing theories of 

language use in conjunction with other strands of ILT 

and CNGL. Tools developed by Dr. Carl Vogel’s team at 

TCD for CNGL external purposes and deployed within 

our demonstrator activities have formed the basis of two 

Invention Disclosures, one collaborative with Mr. Phil 

Ritchie of VistaTEC and Dr. David Lewis (CNGL SF2). 

The IP disclosures have culminated in both a Patent 

Application with the European Patent Office (application 

no. 11169673.8-1527) “Data processing system and 

method for assessing quality of a translation” and a 

Commercial Licence of this intellectual property to 

Digital Linguistics. This work has been developed further, 

first of all by comparing supervised and less-supervised 

methods of classification in general for the task of quality 

estimation (Moreau and Vogel, 2012; Moreau and Vogel, 

under review) towards identification of parameters 

that lead to method preference. Secondly, we have 

successfully deployed exactly this method in selecting 

items for training MT engines on the basis of similarity 

between potential training items and the intended 

material for translation. This work is collaborative 

with the DCU MT team, and is in the process of being 

written for formal peer review. Thirdly, we have studied 

base-lines in automated processing of texts produced 

by language learners for the identification of particular 

error types, such as correct preposition use (Lynch et al., 

2012). Finally, we have used automatically discoverable 

features in texts to analyse potential translations, with 

approximately 80% accuracy in not just the binary 

classification problem of deciding whether a text is a 

translation or originally written in English, but further, 

deciding among potential source languages where the 

text is translated (Lynch and Vogel, 2012). In this case, 

the texts were not learner texts but professional literary 

translations. 

Additional basic advances in text classification methods 

have been explored in relation to structural analyses of 

sentences comprising texts, and follow-on computation 

in relation to the trees that model structural analysis. 

Emms (2012) explored stochastic tree distances and 

their training with expectation-maximisation. Emms and 

Franco Penya (2012a, 2012b) establish empirical and 

analytical differences between tree-difference metrics 

established in the literature for distance and similarity. 

Emms and Franco Penya (2012c) demonstrate how 

mappings between trees can be used for the purposes 

of identifying the fillers of semantic roles of predicates.


Multi-word expressions (MWEs) are challenging in 

text analytics and automatic translation. In the case of 

non-compositional MWEs, the meaning of the MWE 

is not a conjunction of the meanings of its constituent 

parts. This has a strong impact on translation, for 

example. CNGL research (Maldonado-Guerra, 2011) 

on automatically assessing the compositionality of 

meaning in fixed-word expressions – collocations) has 

been productive: the system exploits the intuition that 

a highly compositional collocation would tend to have 

a considerable semantic overlap with its constituents, 

whereas a collocation with low compositionality would 

share little semantic content with its constituents. This 

intuition is operationalised via three configurations that 

exploit cosine similarity measures to detect the semantic 

overlap between the collocation and its constituents. 

The system performed competitively in that task. There 

are first-order and second-order approaches to vector 

encodings of word meanings. Maldonado-Guerra and 

Emms (2012) consider these systematically, introducing 

a matrix multiplication perspective on the 2nd-order 

construction, and exploring both the geometry induced 

and the performance on supervised and unsupervised 

word sense disambiguation/discrimination tasks. In part 

led by the matrix multiplication perspective, work has 

been carried out on a variety of matrix consolidation 

techniques or dimensionality reduction techniques. 

On-going work in ILT3 includes, for example, assessing 

whether information about linguistic hedges can be 

constructively used as a feature that predicts whether 

postings in online fora provided by industry partners are 

from individuals who ultimately will be rated as forum 

leaders. This is a natural development of our success in 

this area using Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) 

representations of syntactic structures in combination 

with n-grams of sub-lexical (orthography and 

morphology) features, as well as sentence-level linguistic 

features. This work has been successful (Mamani 

Sanchez and Vogel, 2013; Vogel and Mamani Sanchez, 

2012): firstly, we have noted that emoticon use is a kind 

of social signal, and significant positive correlations exist 

between the use of positive emoticons and propensity for 

posts to be rated as useful (and ultimately the withinforum 

rank of posters) and the use of negative emoticons 

and un-ranked posters (presumably, individuals posting 

queries to expert users); secondly, we have noted 

interacting effects of the use of linguistic hedges such as 

epistemic qualifiers (technical forum users who rate posts 

appear to prefer hedged responses). 

Parsing web data is challenging due to the scale and 

variety of data. To ascertain the current state-of-the-art 

with respect to domain adaptation, Google organised a 

shared task at the SANCL-2012 workshop at NAACL-HLT 

2012 (Montreal, Canada). The DCU-Paris 13 parsing team 

won the Web-Parsing Challenge and Shared Task (Le 

Roux et al., 2012), using the DCU LORG parser platform 

and domain adaptation techniques. Lexical resources 

are a crucial ingredient of many LT applications and are 

challenging to obtain automatically for highly inflecting 

languages such as Arabic. Attia et al. (2012a, 2012b) 

show how a combination of finite state and machine 

learning based technologies can be used to produce 

wide coverage lexical resources for Modern Standard 

Arabic (MSA) using the Arabic Giga-Word corpus 

together with data crawled from the Al Jazeera web site, 

as well as how spell checking for MSA can be improved. 

Sentiment analysis is a key task in many LT applications. 

The DCU ILT3 team investigates the granularity of 

syntactic information required to improve sentiment 

analysis (Tu et al., 2012). 

Collaborations 

Collaboration is at the core of CNGL, including 

close engagement with CNGL industry partners, 

university-based CNGL researchers, and international 

collaborators as well CNGL participation in international 

research projects (including EU FP7 funded projects). 

Collaboration is also particularly visible in our 

demonstrator systems, which draw on and combine 

research from the four CNGL research tracks focusing on 

industry partner needs and requirements.

36 



Some of the ILT collaboration highlights in 2012 include: 

} In partnership with DCU and the National Centre for 

Language Technology (NCLT), CNGL was successful 

in a Marie Curie Mobility grant application for the 

EXPERT PhD Graduate School (€481K, DCU PI Prof. 

Josef van Genabith) with a total of 15 PhD Marie 

Curie fellowships (two of them at DCU) and three 

postdoctoral researchers. Led by the University of 

Wolverhampton (UK), EXPERT focuses on empirical 

approaches to (machine) translation, and as part of 

their training PhD students will spend time at DCU’s 

EXPERT university and industry partners. 

} In partnership with DCU and the National Centre for 

Language Technology (NCLT), CNGL was successful 

in an FP7 SA (Support Action) application called 

QTLaunchPad (€426K, DCU PI Prof. Josef van 

Genabith). Led by DFKI (German Research Centre 

for Artificial Intelligence), QTLaunchPad targets High 

Quality MT and funds two postdoctoral researcher 

positions at DCU. 

project. DCU’s role is around developing word- and 

phrase-aligned data resources (including bilingual 

dictionaries and transfer grammars) from the 

acquired parallel corpora and using this data to 

build MT systems. 

META-NET aims to mobilise and build a network 

between various language technology research 

groups within Europe, including commercial 

providers of applications and services and other 

relevant stakeholders. DCU is heavily involved 

in dissemination activities as well as organising 

workshops and the provision of data sets and 

annotations for the use of machine learning 

techniques for MT system combination. In 

this way, the project hopes to bridge the gaps 

between the machine learning community and 

the MT research community. The network is led 

by DFKI (Germany). CNGL industry partners 

DNP, Microsoft, Symantec and Applied Language 

Solutions are members of META-NET. 

} In partnership with DCU, the National Centre for 

Language Technology and international collaborators, 

CNGL was successful in attracting €1M funding 

as lead partner (DCU Lead PI Dr. Antonio Toral) 

in the EU FP7 Abu-MaTran project, focusing on 

enhancing industry-academia cooperation as a key 

aspect to tackle one of Europe’s biggest challenges: 

multilinguality. 

} CNGL and ILT1 in partnership with DCU and the 

National Centre for Language Technology, are 

continuing their strong engagement in European 

EU FP7 Machine Translation projects PANACEA, 

CoSyne, PLuTO, and MultilingualWeb-LT as well 

as the META-NET/T4ME Network of Excellence: 

The CoSyne project focuses on multilingual 

content synchronisation for wikis. The project 

is led by the University of Amsterdam. DCU’s 

involvement centres on diagnostic linguisticbased 

evaluation of MT systems between multiple 

European languages. 

The PANCEA project aims to develop a platform 

for automatic, normalised annotation and costeffective 

acquisition of language resources 

for human language technologies centred on 

interoperable web services. The Universitat 

Pompeu Fabra (Spain) is co-ordinating the STREP 

Pictured at the launch of the META-NET White Paper on The Irish 

Language in the Digital Age are its authors including (second from right) 

Prof. Ailbhe Ní Chasaide of CNGL and (centre) Mr. Dinny McGinley T.D. 

Minister for State for the Gaeltacht 

The PLuTO (Patent Translations Online) project is 

a PSP project focused on delivering a solution for 

online patent translation, including the use of MT 

and TM technologies tuned to the patent domain. 

This project is co-ordinated by DCU, who also look 

after research and development of patent-tuned 

MT systems for multiple languages.


CNGL, represented jointly through ILT1, LOC 

and SF2 (TCD, DCU and UL) and together 

with CNGL industry partners Microsoft and 

VistaTEC, were successful in attracting funding 

for the EU FP7 Support Action MultilingualWeb- 

LT, an international consortium with senior 

representatives of the translation industry as well 

as standards bodies coordinated by Prof. Felix 

Sasaki, DFKI, Germany, to support research on the 

interoperability of language technologies on the 

web by defining new metadata standards. 

} Funding from DCU‘s Ireland-India Fund and the 

Government of India‘s India-Ireland Cooperative 

Science Programme is facilitating collaboration 

of CNGL with IIIT Hyderabad on English-Indian 

translation systems and has enabled DCU to coorganise 

a COLING-2012 workshop on Machine 

Translating and Parsing Indian Languages 

(MTPIL-2012) in Mumbai, India. 

} ILT teams have forged extensive international 

research collaborations and have published widely 

with colleagues from prestigious institutions in many 

countries, including China, USA, Czech Republic, 

Germany, Spain, UAE, Belgium, Italy and Hungary. 

} Dr. Carl Vogel has been increasingly engaged in the 

EU COST action IS1004, WebDataNet, on conducting 

iScience availing of the opportunities that emerge 

from access to raw data and participants in research 

via the Internet. 

} CNGL demonstrator systems are combining research 

teams across CNGL tracks, partner universities and 

industry partners: 

KantanMT – Moses on the Cloud: involves close 

collaboration between ILT and CNGL spinout 

Xcelerator Machine Translations Ltd. 

PLuTO – Facilitating Patent Search with Machine 

Translation: involves active collaboration with the 

PLuTO FP7 project at DCU 

Rapid MT Retraining: involves tight collaboration 

between ILT, SF, the FP7 PANACEA project at DCU, 

and the Multilingual Web-LT project 

WebWOZ – A Wizard of Oz Platform: involves 

close collaboration between ILT and SF 

The CNGL Demonstrators Programme has 

promoted strong collaboration between ILT1 and 

ILT2 researchers in the demonstrator Personalising 

Speech for Interpersonal Communication 

(MySpeech). One highlight of this collaboration 

was to use the Wizard-of-Oz framework to conduct 

a preliminary evaluation of the MySpeech system 

for pronunciation training of foreign languages 

(Cabral et al., 2012). 

} ILT3 has strongly collaborated with DCM, ILT1, SF and 

CNGL industry partners (particularly Symantec and 

VistaTEC) and affiliates (Digital Linguistics) on text 

classification for particular applications. 

} ILT1 and ILT3 have been collaborating closely with 

researchers at the National Centre for Language 

Technology (NCLT) on using the LFG AA output to 

improve MT evaluation, extending the German LFG 

AA feature set to improve parsing the German side 

of the EuroParl data, improving the LFG-inspired 

constituency to dependency conversion, integrating 

multi-word expressions in the LFG AA, integrating 

MWEs into constituency parsing, and tuning a number 

of statistical parsing architectures to user-generated 

data (including Twitter data and user forum data). 

} ILT1 and ILT3, in collaboration with the National 

Centre for Language Technology (NCLT), are 

continuing their close research cooperation with 

CNGL industry partner Symantec on tuning MT and 

text analytics technologies to analyse user-generated 

content: in addition to the existing collaboration 

(Pratyush Banjeree, PhD student with ILT1), Symantec 

is funding research on tuning language technologies 

to user-generated text in partnership with IRCSET 

(Irish Research Council for Science, Technology and 

Engineering) through a project involving one PhD 

student and one postdoctoral researcher in a project 

led by Dr. Jennifer Foster. 

} ILT3 (Dr. Carl Vogel) is continuing collaborations 

with VistaTEC and Digital Linguistics, including 

preparations for joint publications. Engagement 

with Microsoft has commenced leading to joint 

development of text classification methods and 

tools detecting offensive content in user fora 

(both linguistic and non-linguistic content) for 2013. 

Text Classification for Bulk Localisation Review: 

involves active collaboration between ILT3, SF2 

and industry partner VistaTEC.

38 



} CNGL, through the DCU MT team in ILT1, is 

continuing to work with Prof. Mikel Forcada from 

Universitat d’Alacant, Spain following the success of 

his Walton Fellowship at CNGL in 2010. Prof. Forcada 

has continued to work with PhD student Sandipan 

Dandapat and visited CNGL again in 2012. Prof. Mikel 

Forcada and Prof. Khalil Sima’an from the University 

of Amsterdam partner DCU in an EU FP7 application 

DELIQAT in the area of High Quality MT. 

Year 5 also saw the arrival of PhD students who joined 

ILT2. Christoph Wendler and Maria O’Reilly joined the 

CNGL speech group at TCD in April and May 2012 

respectively. 

People 

Year 5 has been a very dynamic year in terms of arrivals 

and departures. With Prof. Andy Way’s departure to an 

industry appointment in June 2011 and the time it took 

to find a new Professor in Machine Translation, Prof. Josef 

van Genabith (CNGL Director) assumed the position 

of ILT co-track leader (along with Prof. Nick Campbell 

of TCD) as an interim arrangement in addition to his 

position as CNGL Director and ILT1 lead. 

Prof. Qun Liu has joined DCU, CNGL and the NCLT as 

Professor of Machine Translation and leader of the MT 

group. Prof. Liu was the Director of the Natural Language 

Processing Research Group in the Institute of Computing 

Technology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 

in Beijing. He has over 150 research publications and his 

work is widely cited internationally. He has produced 

ground-breaking research in many aspects of statistical and 

rule-based machine translation as well as in Chinese word 

segmentation and NLP. He has successfully led a large 

number research projects at CAS. His research interests 

span Chinese Natural Language Processing, Machine 

Translation and Information Extraction. Prof. Liu has 

quickly embedded in CNGL and made key contributions 

to an EU FP7 application currently under review. 

Some of the 11 visiting MSc and PhD scholars who worked with ILT 

during 2012 under CNGL’s postgraduate internship programme 

Eleven visiting MSc and PhD interns joined ILT over five 

months in 2012, under CNGL’s postgraduate internship 

programme. The programme enables students to gain 

valuable experience as part of a highly-regarded and 

continually-growing research centre. This year’s 

programme attracted interns from institutions across the 

globe, including Italy, France, China and India. The 

internships covered a wide range of topics in Natural 

Language Processing and Machine Translation. 

Dr. Ergun Biçici joined CNGL, NCLT and the DCU MT 

team as a postdoctoral researcher from Koç University 

(Turkey) and is working on regression-based approaches 

for MT and parse quality estimation. Dr. Biçici has a 

strong background in machine learning and is 

contributing key expertise to the CNGL research teams. 

Dr. Ingmar Steiner joined the ILT2 group at UCD in June 

2012 and worked jointly with the Speech Communication 

group at TCD. As of December 2012, he has moved to 

the Computational Linguistics and Phonetics department 

at DFKI, Saarbrücken, Germany, as a senior researcher, to 

set up an Independent Research Group. 

Prof. Qun Liu joined CNGL at DCU as Professor of Machine Translation 

in 2012


A number of ILT researchers moved on to roles at other 

academic institutions or transitioned to industry during 

2012. 

Achievements 

Postdoctoral researcher Dr. Junhui Li (ILT1 DCU) took up 

a position as postdoctoral researcher at the University of 

Maryland (USA), where he is continuing his research on 

machine translation. 

Dr. Pavel Pecina (ILT1 DCU) accepted a call as an 

Associate Professor in Machine Translation to the Charles 

University in Prague (Czech Republic). 

Dr. Yifan He (former CNGL ILT1 PhD student and 

MT postdoctoral researcher) accepted a posdoctoral 

researcher position at New York University (USA). 

Hala Almaghout, Sandipan Dandapat, Pratyush 

Banerjee, Ankit Srivastava, Stephen Doherty and Irena 

Yanushevskaya successfully defended their PhD vivas in 


Dr. Sandipan Dandapat has taken up a lecturing position 

at IIT-Guwahati, Assam, India. 

After a dedicated contribution to CNGL over the past 

five years, Dr. Peter Cahill departed the ILT2 group to 

become engaged full-time in his spin-out company, 

Scream Technologies. His start-up company develops 

speech synthesis technology products which have 

valuable applications in areas as diverse as video games, 

customer support and advertising. 

John Kane from ILT2 submitted his thesis in September 

2012 and he is awaiting his defence. Meanwhile, he 

departed CNGL in October and started a research 

position with the Fastnet project, at TCD. The PhD 

fellow Amelie Dorn departed TCD in November 2012. 

Stephen Doherty was one of six ILT1 doctoral students to successfully 

defend their PhD theses during 2012 

Awards and Prizes 

} Prof. Josef van Genabith was recipient of the 

DCU President’s Research Award for Science and 

Engineering 2012. 

} Prof. Carl Vogel and Liliana Mamani Sanchez (TCD) 

were awarded a best paper prize for their work 

“Epistemic Signals and Emoticons Affect Kudos” 

at 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cognitive 

Infocommunications in December 2012. 

} Dr. Martin Emms and Hector Franco-Penya (TCD) 

were recipients of a best paper award at the 

International Conference on Pattern Recognition 

Application and Methods (ICPRAM 2012) in February 


} The DCU-Paris 13 team won the Web-Parsing 

Challenge and Shared Task organised by Google as 

part of SANCL-2012 at NAACL-HLT 2012 (Le Roux, 

Foster, Wagner, Kaljahi and Bryl 2012), using the 

DCU LORG parser platform and domain adaptation 

techniques. 

} Prof. Josef van Genabith (CNGL/NCLT/DCU) has 

been appointed as general chair of COLING 2014, to 

be held in Dublin in August 2014. 

UCD hosts Innovation and Applications in Speech Technology (IAST) 

Workshop in March

40 



Prof. Josef van Genabith delivers his address before accepting the DCU 

President’s Research Award for Science and Engineering in February 

International Collaborations 

The EU FP7 projects are continuing on track, with 

PANACEA, PLuTO, CoSyne and T4ME/META-NET 

successfully passing their second year reviews. Work 

carried out on MT within the PLuTO project on patentlanguage 

MT has gained a significant amount of 

commercial interest and press coverage. EU FP7 Support 

Action MultilingualWeb-LT is running at full strength. The 

new EU FP7 support action (SA) project QTLaunchPad 

commenced in June 2012 and recruitment for the new 

Marie Curie EXPERT PhD programme is under way. 

Industry Engagement 

During 2012 considerable effort has been placed on 

exploring avenues for commercialisation of ILT research 

and on developing industrially-relevant prototype and 

proof-of-concept systems. In turn, there has been a 

significant increase in commercial interest in the research 

we are carrying out in CNGL. 

Technology Innovation Development Award (TIDA) 

projects are funded by Science Foundation Ireland to 

support the transition of basic research outputs from the 

lab to industrial applications, primarily through industry 

strength implementations and road-testing in commercial 

environments. 

ILT1 (MT) has been successful in attracting funding for 

two TIDA projects. TMTPrime (Machine Translation 

and Translation Memory Integration in a Localisation 

Workflow, Dr. Declan Groves, DCU) started in mid- 

2012 and is focusing on developing an industry-strength 

application to optimally combine the outputs of Machine 

Translation (MT) systems with Translation Memory (TM) 

(fuzzy) matches, based on CNGL ILT1 basic research 

reported in (He et al., 2010). The technology uses 

translation quality prediction to recommend either MT 

or TM output based on estimated post-editing effort. 

The project is particularly important as TMs are still the 

main-stay technology in many localisation operations 

and pricing models are based on TM reuse. TMTPrime 

technology guarantees that the MT/TM combination 

will have TM-based pricing as an upper bound, with 

potentially substantial savings through the use of MT. 

Project partners include DCU, Symantec, VistaTEC 

and Welocalize. The second ILT1 TIDA (Dr. Antonio 

Toral, DCU) focuses on Iterative Retraining of an MT 

System with Post-Edits. This is particularly important as 

mistakes in MT output corrected by human professional 

translators should be made as available as possible as 

additional training material to the MT systems in order 

to prevent similar mistakes in future. Two challenges 

need to be overcome: (i) full retaining of a statistical MT 

system is time consuming and computationally expensive 

and (ii) post-edits generally constitute a small amount of 

additional data unlikely to sway a substantial statistical 

MT model. Both challenges are addressed in the TIDA, 

partly based on previous CNGL ILT1 basic research 

reported in Banerjee et al. (2012). Recruitment for the 

Retraining TIDA is under way. 

Parts of CNGL’s MT technology have been successfully 

licensed for evaluation to a new spin-out company, 

Xcelerator Machine Translations Ltd. Founded by Tony 

O’Dowd, previously CEO of CNGL industry partner 

Alchemy, Xcelerator provides cloud-based MT solutions 

to individual translators and mid-sized localisation 

service providers through its KantanMT cloud-based 

MT platform. The company’s vision is to make machine 

translation simple to use for everyone.


A former full-time academic with CNGL ILT2 at UCD, 

Dr. Peter Cahill headed up the CNGL spin-out company, 

Scream Technologies. It specialises in creating synthetic 

voices from human actors, enabling companies to create 

human-sounding synthetic speech and control how 

it sounds. Dr. Peter Cahill has been named as one of 

Ireland’s top technology and start-up leaders. 

Continued collaborations between ILT3 and VistaTEC, 

Digital Linguistics and Symantec are planned. 2013 will 

also deliver direct engagement with Microsoft, through 

the deployment of text classification tools developed in 

CNGLI in the context of CNGLII, particularly in the area 

of classifying offensive content (this will address both 

linguistic and non-linguistic content). 

Plans for 2013 

For ILT, 2012, CNGL Year 5, was dominated by high 

research and publication output, a large number of ILT 

PhD students completing, strong industry engagement 

and extensive preparations for the second-cycle CNGL 

(CNGLII) application and site-review. 

ILT technologies will be spread into three key CNGLII 

themes supporting the Global Content Value Chainbased 

architecture of CNGLII: ILT3 (Text Analytics) will 

move into the CNGLII Curation theme, ILT1 (MT) will 

move into the Translation and Localisation Theme, while 

ILT2 (Speech) will move to the Delivery and Interaction 

theme. 

2013 will see the completion of a number of ILT-affiliated 

EU FP7 projects including the CoSyne and Panacea 

STREPs, the META-NET/T4ME Network of Excellence, 

and the PLuTO Public Private Partnership, all with key 

involvement and successful contributions from project 

partner DCU. 

At the same time, the ILT-affiliated EU FP7 Support 

Action QTLaunchPad will be under full steam in 2013. 

QTLaunchPad is charged to develop research and 

innovation scenarios including community mobilisation 

and technology support for shared tasks in the area 

of high-quality machine translation, focusing on novel 

quality metrics, quality estimation and targeting specific 

MT quality barriers. QTLaunchPad partner DCU is 

contributing key expertise. Likewise, the prestigious 

EXPERT EU Marie Curie PhD graduate school and 

mobility programme was launched at the end of 2012 

and PhD candidates will start in early 2013. EXPERT 

partner DCU will host 2 PhD students working on 

MT system combination and human-centric aspects 

of MT technology development. The EU FP7-funded 

MultilingualWeb-LT support action involves CNGL 

partners TCD, DCU, UL, Microsoft and VistaTEC, 

and continues to focus on developing important 

standards and interoperability for multilingual content 

management. The EU FP7 Abu-MaTran project (Dr. 

Antonio Toral) will tackle the multilingualism challenge 

through an Industry-Academia partnership. 

The first CNGL funding cycle is going into a non-costed 

extension phase (December 2012 – November 2013), 

completing a small number of CNGL research and PhD 

projects and preparing and supporting the transition to 

CNGLII. 

ILT1: Machine Translation 

Prof. Qun Liu has fully taken charge of the DCU MT 

Group and will drive cooperation with research partners 

in particular at the Chinese Academy of Sciences as well 

as exploring commercial opportunities in the area of 

localisation with Chinese industry partners. 

Walid Aransa (LIUM, France), Luong Ngoc Quang (LIG, France), 

Dr. Antonio Toral (DCU) pictured at the MT Marathon 2012 in 

Edinburgh in September

42 



Commercial activities will continue to provide a strong 

focus for ILT1 in 2013, focusing in particular on extended 

collaborations with CNGL start-up company Xcelerator 

and CNGL industry partners Welocalize and Symantec. 

The TMTPrime TIDA (Dr. Declan Groves) has produced 

mature TM/MT combination technologies based on 

automatic quality prediction. TMTPrime technologies 

will be showcased in global localisation industry events 

including GALA (Miami, 2013). The second TIDA on 

efficient MT retraining technologies (Dr. Antonio Toral) 

will provide new opportunities to immediately use user 

feedback (such as post-editing corrections) to improve 

MT. 

ILT2: Speech 

ILT2 will see the completion of on-going PhD theses 

on prosody, speech-to-speech translation and emotive 

speech. Due to Dr. Peter Cahill’s (UCD) departure in 

order to lead the Scream Technologies CNGL spin-out 

company, the remaining UCD speech group (Dr. Joao 

Cabral) will transition to Prof. Nick Campbell’s Delivery 

and Interaction theme at TCD early in 2013. 

ILT3: Text Analytics 

ILT3 will complete documentation of results from the 

use of ILT3 text-classification methods in selecting 

appropriate items for training MT systems for data sets 

with otherwise little directly appropriate material. 

The analysis of epistemic markers and social signals 

in expert forum contexts has shown promise. ILT3 will 

continue to develop these analyses and seek additional 

ways to fund further follow-on study, including through 

exploitations of the methods developed and conclusions 

drawn from the study of linguistic and pragmatic 

behaviours in the Symantec user forum. 

Participation in text classification tasks is already planned 

in areas of spotting predatory contributions in social 

networks and other authorship attribution exercises in an 

upcoming CLEF shared task. 

Work on text classification methods extends into CNGLII, 

with collaborations planned with VistaTEC, Digital 

Linguistics, Symantec and Microsoft.

Digital Content 

Management


Strand Name: Digital Content Management 

AREA CO-ORDINATOR: 

PROF. VINCENT WADE 





Dr. Johann Roturier 

Mr. Jason Rickard 

Symantec 

Symantec 

Symantec 

Prof. Helen Ashman 

Dr. Prasenjit Majumder 

University of Southern 

Australia 

DAIICT, Gandhinagar India 


Microsoft 

Dr. Alexander Troussov 

IBM 



Mr. Hideyuki Suzuki 


Faculty 

Dr. Owen Conlan Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Dr. Gareth Jones Dublin City University DCM1 Workpackage Leader 

Prof. Declan O’Sullivan Trinity College Dublin DCM2 

Dr. Claus Pahl Dublin City University DCM2 

Ms. Mary Sharp Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Dr. Tony Veale University College Dublin DCM2 Workpackage Leader 

Prof. Vincent Wade Trinity College Dublin DCM3 Workpackage Leader 


Dr. Declan Dagger Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Dr. Yanfen Hao University College Dublin DCM2 

Prof. Séamus Lawless Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Dr. Johannes Leveling Dublin City University DCM1 

Dr. Alexander O’Connor Trinity College Dublin DCM2 

Mr. Ian O’Keeffe Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Dr. Melike Sah Trinity College Dublin DCM2 

Dr. Dong Zhou Trinity College Dublin DCM1

46 


DIGITAL CONTENT MANAGEMENT 

PhD Students 

Mr. Yalemisew Mintesinot Abgaz Dublin City University DCM2 

Ms. Yi Chen Dublin City University DCM3 

Mr. Mourad El Moueddeb University College Dublin DCM2 

Ms. Bo Fu Trinity College Dublin DCM2 

Mr. Debasis Ganguly Dublin City University DCM3 

Mr. Mohammed Rami Ghorab Trinity College Dublin DCM1 

Mr. Brendan Spillane Trinity College Dublin DCM2 

Mr. Muhammad Javed Dublin City University DCM2 

Mr. Kevin Koidl Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Mr. Killian Levacher Trinity College Dublin DCM2 

Mr. Guofu Li University College Dublin DCM2 

Ms. Wei Li Dublin City University DCM2 

Ms. Alejandra López Fernández University College Dublin DCM2 

Mr. Walid Magdy Dublin City University DCM1 

Mr. Jinming Min Dublin City University DCM1 

Ms. Catherine Mulwa Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Mr. Neil Peirce Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Mr. Ben Steichen Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Research Assistants 

Mr. David Foley Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Mr. Brian Gallagher Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Ms. Yang Yang Trinity College Dublin DCM3 

Funding 


CNGL (07/CE/I1142): €680,141 

SFI TIDA Award – UNITE: Personalised Cross-site 

Personalisation €60,000 


EC FP7 Cendari TCD €120,000 

Enterprise Ireland Learning Technology Centre 

€3,000,000 

SFI TIDA Award – Linguabox: Automated Open Content 

Repurposing Service to support Personalised eLearning 

€87,768 

SFI TIDA Award – An Integrated Software Suite to 

provide Next Generation Personalised Multilingual 

Customer Care €67,748


Research Overview: Digital 

Content Management (DCM) 

Goals 

The key challenge of the DCM research track is to 

provide a step change in multilingual digital content 

management to enable the delivery of next generation 

localisation 2 . DCM focuses on three areas: (i) user query 

enhancement; (ii) content metadata and knowledge 

model development; and (iii) adaptive content 

retrieval and dynamic composition of localised content 

(customised for the user’s needs and context of use). 

Because users need to gain access to information across 

many content boundaries, the DCM research entails not 

just traditional corporate content but also open corpus 

content, user-generated content (blogs discussion fora, 

blogs, wikis) and social networking interactions (tweets, 

postings, shared ‘walls’, location check-ins, etc.). The 

DCM research track is divided across three work areas, 

called DCM1, DCM2 and DCM3: 

} Enhancement of user queries based on user context 

information and feedback (DCM1) 

} Automation and semi-automation of the generation 

of knowledge models, metadata and identification of 

sentiment required for digital content management 

and personalised (re)composition (DCM2) 

} Support for dynamic composition of personalised 

digital content, customised for the user’s need 

and context across such diverse content areas as 

corporate, open corpora as well as user-generated 

content or content generated via social networking 

(DCM3) 

This research is integrated across the CNGL research 

tracks via combined prototypes, experiments and the 

CNGL Demonstrators. DCM has demonstrated its 

ground-breaking technologies within many application 

domains such as Personalised Multilingual Customer 

Care, Personalised Multilingual Social Networking, and 

Personalised Information and Learning Portals, etc. 

Such demonstrator systems allow the DCM research 

to illustrate the impact of its technology as well as 

2 Next Generation Localisation seeks to enable people to interact with 

digital content, products, services and each other, in their own language, 

according to their own culture, and according to their own personal needs 

and preferences. 

demonstrate the benefits of integration with all other 

CNGL research tracks. For example, DCM researchers 

collaborate with ILT’s experts on multilingual translation, 

speech recognition/synthesis for multimodal operation, 

and text analysis for enhanced understanding of the 

content). 



With the increasing volume of digital content and 

the diversity of sources from which they are created 

(e.g. corporate content, user-generated content, 

social networking, community content), it is becoming 

impossible to discover, manually annotate, slice and 

compose appropriate digital content, rendered in the 

language and device suited to the intended users. 

In addition, next generation localisation is not just 

about corporate localisation but must be adapted to 

the individual user’s context, languages, preference 

and means of access. Therefore, next generation 

localisation must not only be adaptive to specific 

corporate localisation requirements, but also satisfy 

the individual user’s need for information by adapting 

it to the context, language, preferences and preferred 

delivery device of the individual. DCM research in Year 

5 focused increasingly on addressing the problems of 

dynamic user-generated (multilingual) content as well 

as corporate and open web content. This increased 

integration of global social media into the DCM research 

is a significant development of CNGL research. 

The three principal areas of DCM research relate to the 

challenges of (i) more accurately identifying and selectively 

retrieving appropriate content; (ii) capturing and modelling 

knowledge in a structured, reusable way so that the 

multilingual, heterogeneous content can be more easily 

managed and transformed; and (iii) supporting the user 

by harnessing adaptivity/personalisation (based on the 

user’s context) to give the user significantly improved 

exploration of the information he/she needs. Also 

involved in this research is the development of new ways 

to evaluate the impact and performance of adaptive 

(personalised) systems. A central theme running through 

all of these challenges is the need to provide the 

information in a form that is tailored to the user’s 

requirements, preferences and context, and which 

includes not only the direct response to his/her initial 

queries, but delivers a unique information presentation 

tailored to his/her context, preferences and task.

48 



The approach taken in the DCM research is to enhance 

and combine key aspects of Adaptive Hypermedia 

(AH) and Information Retrieval (IR) research to provide 

techniques, technology and prototype systems to 

implement advanced retrieval, slicing and adaptive 

composition of multilingual digital content. The DCM1 

work package addresses the issues of personalised and 

contextualised multilingual IR and, more specifically, 

query enhancement. DCM1 research includes the 

application of cross-lingual techniques to permit users 

to gain access to information which is not in their native 

tongues. It also focuses on Personalised IR (PIR) to 

incorporate the use of user modelling techniques to 

alter the behaviour of IR systems. The approach employs 

techniques from IR and AH to produce hybrid Adaptive 

IR systems. 

integrated with adaptive hypermedia composition and 

social media aggregation techniques developed within 

DCM3. 

The focus of DCM2 is on the metadata and knowledge 

models required by systems to provide this more 

intelligent behaviour. DCM2 includes work on generating, 

managing and linking structured knowledge in the form 

of ontologies, content knowledge models and metadata 

description. The main focus of this work is on addressing 

the shortcomings in current work on creating and sharing 

metadata between different intelligent systems, slicing 

content so as to be more easily reused and recomposed 

(for personalisation) and deriving knowledge models to 

determine aspects of the content and user context e.g. 

sentiment. 

Finally, DCM3 focuses directly on recomposing and 

aggregating content and evaluating the quality and 

impact of adaptive systems. A key aspect of this 

challenge is the source of the content. DCM3 investigates 

the automatic re-composition and aggregation of 

content from corporate information repositories, 

open documents, user fora and discussion lists, blogs, 

shared community content (wikis), social networking 

interactions and social media (tweets, postings, shared 

‘walls’, etc.). DCM3 focuses on the aggregation and recomposition 

of these different forms of digital content to 

provide personalised responses for a user. 

Although presented separately above, the three Work 

Packages are highly integrated. For example, the 

metadata models and knowledge models produced 

in DCM2 are utilised in DCM3 and DCM1. Also, the 

techniques developed in DCM1 for multilingual query 

enhancement and Personalised IR techniques are 

DCM undergraduate intern Ciarán Porter of Trinity College Dublin 

(above right) presents his work on ‘Crowd Sourcing for Query 

Development and Relevance Judgement’ at the CNGL undergraduate 

intern showcase 


DCM research in Year 5 has achieved significant impact 

both in the quality of its scientific breakthroughs and the 

demonstration of industrial potential. DCM has published 

over 30 peer-reviewed journal and international 

conference publications this year. Journal publications 

include scientific papers in ACM Computing Surveys, 

UMUAI, Journal of IR, Web Semantic Journal, while 

international conference papers included publications 

in ACM Hypertext, SIGIR, AAAI, UMAP, COLING, CIKM, 

and TPDL. 

Progress in DCM1 

The research conducted in DCM1 has continued to 

deliver significant advancements in the area of adaptive 

information retrieval (IR). These advancements are 

achieved by enhancing both the queries a user submits 

to a search engine, and the results that are returned. 

The research developed by DCM1 utilise contextual 

information about individual users and implicit and 

explicit feedback to create more accurate or more 

appropriate queries, to improve the relevancy of search 

results and to tailor the presentation of results to that 

individual.


Continued progress has been made in enhancing the 

existing Personalised Multilingual IR (PMIR) framework, 

which employs a number of algorithms to perform both 

query and result adaptation. This work is part of the 

DCM1 focus on intelligent content discovery and delivery 

which is both multilingual and personalised. The PMIR 

framework allows multilingual resource discovery and 

delivery using on-the-fly machine translation of user 

queries and content. The Microsoft Bing API is used 

to perform multilingual searches on the open web. 

Result lists are then personalised for the individual user 

before being presented. The framework is designed 

to enable new components and approaches to be 

easily integrated and tested as part of an overall search 

process. In 2012 the development of the framework has 

been completed. The completed framework has been 

thoroughly evaluated as part of an experiment with real 

users in an authentic search setting. This evaluation 

demonstrated improvements in multilingual information 

retrieval using query and result adaptation based upon a 

multilingual user model. This research has been detailed 

in the high-impact Journal of User Modeling and User- 

Adapted Interaction, UMUAI (Ghorab et al., 2012a). 

The framework has also been successfully showcased 

at the 20th International Conference on User Modeling, 

Adaptation and Personalization, UMAP 2012, in 

Montréal, Canada (Ghorab et al., 2012b). An additional 

publication has been submitted to the 22nd International 

World Wide Web Conference, for which we are awaiting 

review confirmation. 

metric for evaluation of patent retrieval effectiveness 

developed previously by DCM1, was developed for the 

speech retrieval domain as an evaluation metric. PRES 

has had continued successful take-up in official patent 

retrieval benchmarking tasks at international conferences 

and competitions, e.g. CLEF 2012 (CLEF-IP). 

DCM research has focused to a larger extent on 

processing user-generated queries and content such 

as tweets and SMS, as well as processing noisy domainspecific 

data. DCM researchers have discovered that 

information retrieval tasks on such user-generated 

content can benefit from error correction (e.g. from 

OCR, spelling errors) and handling domain terminology 

(e.g. abbreviations, acronyms, and technical terms). 

DCM established a simple but strong retrieval baseline 

(without domain adaptation) which would have ranked 

among the top five participating groups at the 

international TRACMed event 2011. 

Collaborative research has continued with DCM3 to 

enhance techniques for personalising the web search 

using social tagging data. Personalised query expansion is 

performed which helps to solve the vocabulary mismatch 

problem (Zhou et al., 2012b). A novel query expansion 

framework has been developed which generates 

individual user models based upon the data mined from 

annotations a user has made and resources the user has 

bookmarked on the social bookmarking platform Del. 

icio.us. This approach has been extensively evaluated 

using test collections created by crawling authentic social 

media data from the web. This has resulted in a highimpact 

publication in the most high-profile IR venue, the 

Journal of Information Retrieval (Zhou et al., 2012a). 

DCM1 has continued research in cross-language IR 

and IR for low-resourced languages such as Bengali or 

Hindim. A variant of PRES, the patent retrieval score 

Prof. Séamus Lawless of CNGL presents research on Web Search 

Personalization Using Social Data at TPDL 2012 in September 2012 

in Paphos, Cyprus 

DCM1 researchers have also been involved in the 

organisation of various important IR events and 

workshops – none more so than the 36th Annual ACM 

SIGIR Conference, which CNGL will host in Dublin in July 

2013. SIGIR has significant leadership drawn from CNGL 

(DCM) academics and staff: 

} General Chair – Dr. Gareth Jones 

} Workshops Co-Chair – Prof. Vincent Wade 

} Tutorials Co-Chair – Prof. Séamus Lawless 

} Local Organising Chair – Prof. Séamus Lawless 

} Publications Chairs – Dr. Liadh Kelly and Dr. Lorraine 

Goeuriot

50 



(Min et al., 2012). One experiment explored a novel 

method for rewriting textual content to make it fit on 

devices with limited screen size (i.e. mobile devices) 

while retaining the readability. 

DCM has also cooperated with researchers in other 

tracks in CNGL and commercial partners. DCM1 

continued to integrate with research components 

produced by DCM2 and 3, as well as components 

from ILT, LOC and SF as part of the overall CNGL 

Demonstrator Programme. The ClipArt search demo 

system was showcased in the SFI review and at the 

Localisation Innovation Showcase in 2011. It was adapted 

to mobile devices such as iPhones and iPads to provide 

image search on mobile devices and showcased at SIGIR 


Dr. Páraic Sheridan and Dr. Gareth Jones of CNGL introduce SIGIR 2013 

to attendees at SIGIR 2012 in August 2012 in Portland, Oregon, USA. 

CNGL will host SIGIR 2013 in Dublin in July 

In terms of publications, DCM1 has maintained 

significant publication success in top journals and 

high impact conferences including ACM Computing 

Surveys (#1 ranked journal in computer science in the 

world), Journal of Information Retrieval, Journal of User 

Modeling and User Adapted Interaction, UMAP 2012, 

TPDL 2012, DocEng 2012, etc. DCM has continued 

research in cross-language IR and IR for low-resourced 

languages such as Bengali or Hindim (Ganguly et al., 

2012), (Ganguly et al., 2012b), (Ganguly et al., 2012c), 

(Leveling, 2012). 

A recent research topic in IR are topic models, which can 

be used to model topical cohesion in digital content and 

to enhance IR effectiveness in general (Ganguly et al., 

2012b) (Ganguly et al., 2012c). On-going work in DCM 

aims at improving the user’s search experience, query 

formulation, and navigation in search results through 

topic model visualisation. DCM research still focuses 

on domain adaptation and domain-specific IR. In the 

medical domain, we conducted retrieval experiments on 

patient records from the TREC medical record retrieval 

track. 

DCM established a simple but strong retrieval baseline 

(without domain adaptation) which would have ranked 

among the top five participating groups on 2011 data 

(Leveling et al., 2012). DCM also investigated adaptation 

of search to mobile devices (Leveling and Jones, 2012), 

In addition, collaboration with the machine translation 

research group in the ILT track investigated the 

combination of techniques from information retrieval 

and machine translation to speed up fuzzy matching for 

machine translation (Leveling et al., 2012b). 

The approaches above have been extensively evaluated 

on benchmark data provided by the organisers of TREC, 

CLEF, INEX and FIRE as well as on collections created by 

crawling the social media data. (Leveling, 2012), (Ganguly 

et al., 2012) (Leveling et al., 2012), (Leveling and Jones, 

2012). 

Two of our PhD students have finished their internships 

in Microsoft Ireland in the area of multilingual query and 

personalisation. 

DCM1 researchers also organised various important IR 

events and workshops. CNGL co-organised the second 

workshop on Personalised Multilingual Hypertext 

Retrieval (PMHR 2012) at Web Science 2012. DCM1 

researchers also organised an evaluation task on 

personalised and collaborative information retrieval (PIR) 

at FIRE 2012. 

A significant number of CNGL supervised Masters 

dissertations and final year undergraduate projects were 

submitted and graded in 2012. A DCM1-specific Masters 

dissertation is currently underway in Trinity College 

Dublin under the supervision of Prof. Séamus Lawless 

investigating “Selecting Appropriate Verticals for Web 

Search Results”.



DCM2, the work package concerned with digital content 

knowledge modelling, extraction and organisation, 

recorded several key successes during 2012. 

The research in structural content analysis for web 

slicing has progressed significantly. This has included 

the development and evaluation of a slicing tool that 

can extract important textual content from open-corpus 

web content. The system was evaluated in a successful 

user trial, which demonstrated the applicability of the 

technique in the area of language learning. This work 

will be further developed in 2013 under the SFI TIDA 

programme to support language learning through userrelevant 

resources harvested from the open web. It is 

expected that this research will result in a completed 

PhD in early 2013. 

The collaboration between DCM2 and DCM3 has 

continued in the area of Personalised Multilingual 

Customer Care, resulting in an SFI feasibility project, 

which developed a commercial-strength version of the 

research software. The Emizar system provides users 

with a modern, supportive environment for personalised 

access to federated content across several support 

repositories. 

In terms of other collaboration, DCM2 researchers have 

continued to work in the Digital Humanities domain, 

collaborating with the CULTURA EU FP7 affiliate project, 

co-ordinated at Trinity College Dublin. 

DCM2 researchers have published at several key 

conferences in areas such as eLearning, Hypertext and 

Hypermedia, and have had several successful grant 

applications, including an SFI Technology Innovation 

Development Award (TIDA). 

Research and development in DCM2 on lightweight 

subject models matured and coalesced in interesting 

ways in 2012. This cohesion was achieved via the 

development of the MOODfinger framework for affective 

news retrieval. MOODfinger conducts continuous 

gathering and indexing of daily news from major web 

news sites, and performs affective analysis of each new 

story to facilitate future affective retrieval. Lightweight 

stereotypical models of familiar ideas are automatically 

acquired from the web, and are used to identify the 

most interesting and most affect-rich areas of a news 

story. These models support powerful affective query 

expansion and subsequent affective summarisation of 

any retrieved news. Publications on MOODfinger were 

presented at top natural language processing (NLP) and 

web conferences in 2012, including ACL 2012 and WWW 

2012, while the MOODfinger prototype (and related 

natural language technologies developed within DCM2) 

was also showcased in public demonstrations at these 

conferences. MOODfinger represents both a culmination 

of work in DCM2 and a sound foundation for future work 

in affective text understanding. MOODfinger continues 

to be vigorously maintained and developed. 

Much of this (MOODfinger) work in DCM2 has focused 

on the challenges posed by creative language use (which 

is to say, the non-obvious use of familiar words and 

ideas). Several publications showcase our achievements 

in this area, such as the monograph Exploding the 

Creativity Myth: The Computational Foundations 

of Linguistic Creativity (T. Veale, from Bloomsbury 

Academic) and the collected volume Creativity and the 

Agile Mind (principal co-editor T. Veale, from Mouton 

deGruyter). We have helped shape European policy 

on computational creativity by contributing to expert 

consultation sessions with the European Commission, 

and have influenced the latest EU ICT call, which now 

explicitly lists Computational Creativity as a fundable 

objective. Building on work in DCM2, we have secured 

EU funding for an international coordination action 

to promote the field of computational creativity 

(PROSECCO: PROmoting the Scientific Exploration 

of Computational Creativity). The project will run for 

three years under the scientific leadership of T. Veale 

in UCD, and will – through its organisation of contact 

forums, summer schools and code camps – serve as a 

force magnifier for disseminating the results of DCM2 

research. The leadership role of DCM researchers 

in the computational creativity community was 

further emphasised by UCD’s organisation of the 3rd 

International Conference on Computational Creativity 

(ICCC 2012) Dublin in May 2012, which received 

logistical and financial support from CNGL.

52 



Mr. Seán Sherlock, T.D., Minister for Research and Innovation, 

launches the CNGL-affiliated Learnovate Centre in June 2012 

Katrin Drescher of award sponsors Symantec presents the LRC Best 

Thesis Award to Prof. Vincent Wade, who accepts the award on behalf 

Dr. Ben Steichen. Also pictured is Reinhard Schäler of LRC/CNGL 


DCM3 is responsible for the development of systems 

which provide dynamic aggregation and composition 

of content, customised for the user’s need and context. 

Such content can be sourced from diverse sources i.e. 

corporate knowledge bases, open web content and 

user-generated content. DCM research in personalised 

multilingual content has resulted in significant 

publications as well as industry collaboration. DCM 

has progressed both the personalisation and dynamic 

aggregation of user-generated content (e.g. blogs, 

forum posting, messages), corporate content (e.g. 

corporate product manuals, how-to guides, technical 

documentation), and open content harvested from the 

open web. This research has seen the development 

of demonstrators and international evaluation of the 

technology across multiple languages and countries. This 

research and evaluation has resulted in an international 

prize for DCM researcher Ben Steichen and his 

supervisor Prof. Vinny Wade (LRC Best Thesis Award 

2012). 

Likewise, the ‘Personalisation as a Service’ research in 

DCM 3 has reached maturity with Invention Disclosures 

being lodged and evaluation of demonstrators across 

multiple third party websites being conducted. 

A key impact of DCM 3 research has been the industry 

engagement in the evaluation of the technology and the 

resultant planning for two CNGL spinout companies. 

These spinout companies are in the area of Multilingual 

Personalised Customer Care (Emizar www.emizar.com) 

and Personalisation-as-a-service (Wripl www.wripl.com). 

The Wripl cross-site personalisation system has 

undergone several refinements, and plugins for major 

content management systems platforms including 

Wordpress have been released. The Wripl team 

has concluded its SFI TIDA-funded programme and 

is collaborating with Enterprise Ireland on further 

developing the company and its product. From the 

research perspective, this work has been successfully 

evaluated in several experiments, and it is expected that 

a PhD will be completed in early 2013. 

The Emizar project will complete its SFI TIDA feasibility 

study in 2013, and is collaborating with Enterprise Ireland 

to develop the product and company. A full launch and 

technology licence agreement are expected in early 

2013.


Neil Peirce presents his PhD work at the national final of the Thesis 

in 3 competition 


Two of DCM’s PhD students (Rami Ghorab and 

Jinming Min) successfully completed their internships 

in Microsoft Ireland in area of multilingual query 

and personalisation. This Personalised Multilingual 

Information Retrieval demonstrator showcased the 

enhanced retrieval performance for Microsoft’s Clip Art 

collection, and has fully integrated with Microsoft Bing 

search and machine translation tools. 

Additionally, there is close and on-going collaboration 

with Symantec in conducting user trials for the 

Personalised Multilingual Customer Care portal. This 

has led to CNGL DCM researchers making multiple 

presentations to senior vice presidents within Symantec 

and the planning for a comprehensive trial of CNGL 

technology using Symantec customer care content. 

Research in DCM has led to invention disclosures and 

one patent application in 2012. As previously mentioned, 

two spinout companies have been planned for CNGL, 

namely Emizar and Wripl. These spinouts will involve 

technologies developed in DCM2 and DCM3. 

SFI TIDA funding was sought for a third project 

(Linguabox) to investigate the potential for DCM2 

technology to support the dynamic slice and rightsizing 

of multimedia and user-generated content for learning. 

This application was successful and work will begin in 

2013. 

‘Team wripl’ visits Silicon Valley to connect with local entrepreneurs 

and companies. The visit was hosted by the Irish Technology 

Leadership Group (ITLG) thanks to wripl’s joint win in the SFI/TIDA 

Entrepreneurship course. 

Achievements 

} DCM research published in over 30 international 

journals and conferences in 2012. Conference 

highlights included ACM Hypertext, COLING 2012, 

AAAI 2012, ACL 2012, CIKM 2012, TPDL 2012, SIGIR 

2012. Journal highlights include ACM CSUR, UMUAI 

and Journal IR publications. 

} DCM researchers were involved in the organisation of 

various important IR and Personalisation events and 

workshops during 2012 including FIRE 2012, NOMS 

2012, UMAP 2012, as well as planning for SIGIR 2013 

to be hosted in TCD. 

} Prof. Vincent Wade was invited to deliver the keynote 

address at ICWL 2012 on Personalisation across Open 

Content and Social Media. 

} Three PhD students graduated in 2012 in the areas 

of Multilingual IR, Adaptive Systems, and Multilingual 

Personalisation. A further two students submitted 

PhD theses which are currently under examination. 

} Two patents are pending from DCM research in the 

areas of dynamic content slicing and personalisation 

} Significant industry engagement with joint trials 

and joint evaluations of multilingual personalisation 

technology, e.g. Symantec, Microsoft.

54 



} Two SFI TIDA grants were awarded to DCM Principal 

Investigators Prof. Vincent Wade and Prof. Owen 

Conlan for research in personalisation. 

} Prof. Vincent Wade established the Enterprise Ireland 

Technology Centre for Technology Enhanced Learning 

called Learnovate Centre. This centre, which is allied 

to CNGL, focuses on content technologies and 

innovate communication tools for informal learning in 

schools, university and corporate training. DCM has 

established close collaboration with the new Centre 

and is a means of exploiting CNGL research results in 

the vertical sector of Learning and Education. 

} Dr. Tony Veale was Local Chair for the 3rd 

International Conference on Computational Creativity 

(ICCC 2012) at UCD. 

} Dr. Tony Veale delivered: a keynote (on creative 

uses of WordNets) at an event in Oslo hosted by the 

National Library of Norway, an invited talk on affective 

stereotype acquisition at the ILIKS event in Toulouse, 

and 1-week invited course on linguistic creativity at 

an autumn school on Computational Creativity in 

Helsinki. 

} Two spinout companies – Emizar (Aggregration and 

Personalisation of Multilingual open content, usergenerated 

content and corporate content for selfservice 

customer care) and Wripl (Personalisation-asa-service) 

– were progressed for spinout in 2013. 

} A new SFI TIDA award has been won by Prof. Wade 

for the DCM research in automated slicing of content 

for reuse and repurposing. This award will further 

the development of the technology for informal and 

automated e-learning content. 

} Two industry internships were successfully completed 

in Microsoft by PhD students from TCD and DCU. 

Plans 

CNGLII will be led by Prof. Wade and DCM will be 

principally separated into three research themes in 

the new CNGLII, namely Personalisation; Delivery and 

Interaction; and Search and Discovery. CNGLII will 

progress the research topics from DCM and build on the 

success of the DCM research. 

Prof. Séamus Lawless pitched Emizar’s investor-ready technology to 

hundreds of potential investors and business partners at Enterprise 

Ireland’s Big Ideas Showcase 2012. Emizar was subsequently profiled 

in the Sunday Business Post newspaper 

CNGLI has been granted a no-cost extension to 

complete and provide rigorous evaluation of the DCM 

technology. This work (January – November 2013) 

will see the completion of a number of DCM PhDs as 

well as the trialling and evaluation of DCM technology, 

specifically in the areas of the Personalised Multilingual 

Information Retrieval Framework, Multilingual User 

Models, Personalised Multilingual Customer Care trial, 

and Evaluation Framework and Tools for Adaptive 

(Personalised) Systems. 

Conclusion 

2012 was an extremely productive year for DCM in 

the two aspects crucial to CNGL, namely scientific 

excellence and industry impact. DCM researchers have 

also maintained and strengthened their leadership in 

the respective research areas, and we have seen DCM 

PhD students complete their Doctorates and progress 

to positions in industry and academia.

Next Generation 

Localisation


Strand Name: Next Generation Localisation 

AREA CO-ORDINATOR: 

MR. REINHARD SCHÄLER 





Mr. Enda McDonnell 

Mr. Phil Ritchie 


Symantec 


Development 

VistaTEC 

Microsoft 

Dr. Lynne Bowker 

Mr. José Eduardo de Lucca 

Prof. Patrick Hall 

University of Ottawa, 

Canada 

Universidade Federal 

de Santa Catarina, Brazil 

Professor Emeritus, 

Open University, UK 

Dr. James Hogan 

Queensland University 

of Technology, Australia 

Mr. Mahesh Kulkarni 

CDAC Pune, India 

Ms. Stefanie Scheeder 

The Rosetta Foundation, 

Germany 

Mr. Francis Tsang 

Adobe, USA 

Faculty 

Dr. Jim Buckley University of Limerick LOC3 Leader 

Ms. Yvonne Cleary University of Limerick LOC1 

Mr. J.J. Collins University of Limerick LOC2 Leader 

Dr. Chris Exton University of Limerick LOC1 Leader 

Dr. Dorothy Kenny Dublin City University LOC2 

Dr. Liam Murray University of Limerick LOC2 

Dr. Sharon O’Brien Dublin City University LOC2 

Mr. Reinhard Schäler University of Limerick LOC1, LOC2, LOC3, PI 


Dr. David Filip University of Limerick LOC1 

Dr. Eoin Ó Conchúir University of Limerick LOC3 

Dr. Ian O’Keeffe University of Limerick LOC2

58 


NEXT GENERATION LOCALISATION 

PhD Students 

Mr. Solomon Gizaw University of Limerick LOC3.2 

Mr. Rajat Gupta University of Limerick LOC2.4 

Mr. Joss Moorkens University of Limerick LOC2.2 

Ms. Lucía Morado Vázquez University of Limerick LOC1.2 

Mr. Aram Morera-Mesa University of Limerick LOC3.3 

Mr. Naoto Nishio University of Limerick LOC3.1 

Mr. Lorcan Ryan University of Limerick LOC1.1 

Mr. Asanka Wasala University of Limerick LOC2.1 

Funding 

Funding from SFI 

CNGL (07/CE/I1142): €306,611


Research Strand Overview: 

Next Generation Localisation 

(LOC) 

Since its inception in the 1980s, the localisation industry 

has been strongly anchored to the expertise and quality 

of both industrial and academic assets in Ireland. Many of 

the key, defining, elements of the current industry either 

originated with or have strong roots in the pioneering 

activities of Irish players in the industry. Indeed, to this 

day, research is taking place in Ireland in industry and 

academia, as well as industrial academic ventures such as 

the CNGL that is paving the way for the industry to adapt 

and evolve as it moves further, deeper into the 21st 

century and the challenges that await it going forward. 

The Next Generation Localisation (LOC) track in CNGL 

has a mission to produce world-leading research in (i) 

localisation content analysis, (ii) localisation component 

technologies evaluation, and (iii) service-oriented 

localisation architecture solutions, in collaboration with 

the academic and the industrial partners in CNGL and 

beyond, validated by user communities in (for-profit and 

not-for-profit) enterprise localisation. 

Taking a view that reaches beyond traditional avenues 

for profit and expansion, the LOC track focuses on 

using this research to ensure that Ireland retains its 

status in the field of localisation as this is, as stated by 

the independent international review panel, which 

conducted CNGL’s Mid-Term Review in July 2011, “a 

key industry for Ireland” and Ireland “must remain at the 

technological forefront in order to retain and grow this 

highly remunerative activity”. 

LOC’s view that flexible architectures, as investigated 

by LOC researchers in the Service-Oriented Localisation 

Architecture Solution (SOLAS), are key to future 

innovative technology frameworks supporting emerging 

and future localisation scenarios was also confirmed by 

another independent international review panel, which 

conducted CNGL’s Final Review (July 2012) as they 

commented that “the SOLAS architecture offers a solid 

reference implementation that addresses integration and 

workflow issues that companies like Adobe, Dell, and 

Intel are currently trying to address on their own”. 

Having recruited four “additional high-end professional 

programmers” and allocating “more budgets to 

workflow”, as recommended by the reviewers in 2011, 

LOC work on the development of the Service-Oriented 

Localisation Architecture Solution (SOLAS) has continued 

apace. With work splitting the solution into two distinct 

frameworks, SOLAS Match and SOLAS Productivity, LOC 

is developing, in parallel, solutions that will cover both 

the needs of the traditional return on investment-based 

localisation industry, and the increasingly important 

non-profit and non-market localisation communities. 

Indeed, it is this approach that has led the independent 

review panel to note in the CNGL final review that 

LOC and by extension The Rosetta Foundation spinoff 

are pioneering “a novel, comprehensive localization 

model for organizations seeking to translate content 

for underserved communities. The panel feels this 

accomplishment has great societal impact that 

transcends the boundaries of Ireland and even the EU.” 

The views of the international experts on both of these 

panels reflect the view of industry thought leaders 

consulted by LOC at conferences, such as GALA, 

Localisation World and, most recently, the LRC’s 17th 

Annual International and Localisation Conference. 

The following is a brief summary of the LOC track’s vision 

and goals agreed and realised in 2012. 

Vision 

We empower innovative community and social 

localisation efforts driving the most significant growth 

opportunity for the industry. 

Goals 

} Provide content authors with feedback on the quality 

(localisability) and re-usability of their content, 

demonstrating the impact of good/bad quality source 

content on the localisation effort, specifically in the 

context of user-generated content 

} Assess and evaluate component technologies for 

SOLAS, demonstrating the suitability and adaptability 

requirements for components, specifically in the 

context of community and social localisation 

enterprise

60 



} Develop the Service-Oriented Localisation 

Architecture Solution (SOLAS) as 

1. A demonstrator and testbed for innovative 

localisation solutions, demonstrating the 

innovative aspects of this framework in relation to 

existing mainstream paradigms, especially in the 

context of the emerging collaborative and social 

localisation enterprise. 

2. A unique suite of open source technologies that 

will be made available to service the needs of all 

clients that would require flexible, efficient and 

fully standards compliant localisation solutions. 

3. The de-facto localisation and translation 

technology for not-for-profit and development 

localisation activities. 

} Integrate CNGL, third party and open source 

components into SOLAS 

} Publish research results in world-leading journals, both 

related and localisation-specific, according to agreed 

targets 

} Continue to provide a forum for the publication of 

high-impact, innovative and scientific localisation 

research through the indexed, peer-reviewed and 

dedicated Localisation journal, Localisation Focus – 

The International Journal of Localisation 

} Report on research activities and solicit feedback 

at world-leading conferences, both related and 

localisation-specific, according to agreed targets 

} Actively contribute to and provide leadership 

for international localisation initiatives (industry 

associations, standards groups, conferences) 

} Expand the open source SOLAS code repository 

} Build large and significant developer and user 

communities around the LOC effort within CNGL and 

beyond, according to agreed targets 

} Demonstrate the industrial value and impact of the 

LOC research by active user engagement and trials 

with reference to agreed metrics 

} Work with CNGL towards a re-allocation of budgets to 

support a targeted SOLAS demonstrator development 

effort 

Fundamental Research Barriers and 

Methodologies to Address Them 

In order to convince large multinational content 

publishers to join open standards-based industrywide 

initiatives, small and medium-sized publishers 

to invest in state-of-the-art technologies, and nonprofit 

organisations to take advantage of a localisation 

framework, what is required is a solution that is scalable, 

modularised, interoperable and affordable. What is 

required is a demonstrator framework capable of 

delivering proof that the vision of an open localisation 

framework can be achieved. The risks involved in 

building such a system are considerable. Leading 

global management systems have been developed by 

companies such as Idiom and GlobalSight (Ambassador). 

However, while they aimed to be comprehensive, they 

were not; for example, some services such as machine 

translation (MT) never became part of the core offering 

of these systems; additional service modules required by 

customers can generally not be integrated (and even if 

they can, then only backed up by significant investment); 

and re-configuration of workflows and adaption to 

increasingly dynamic localisation environments are often 

connected with prohibitive costs. While these systems 

attracted significant investment for their development 

(in the region of $50 million in some cases), they never 

realised their projected market potential and return on 

investment. 

Although existing systems demonstrate a good 

understanding of basic technologies required for a stable 

corporate localisation framework, our research has 

shown that their overall architecture is not suitable as 

the backbone for a modularised, extensible and dynamic 

framework, to enable seamless data flows, and to allow 

for the automatic configuration and execution of tasks. 

During Years 3 and 4 of CNGL, the original CNGL Bulk 

Localisation Workflow (BLW) demonstrator and the work 

within the Next Generation Localisation research area 

produced a first version of a service-oriented localisation 

architecture solution (SOLAS) that addresses the need 

for an open, highly-configurable, loosely-coupled 

aggregation of heterogeneous services that can meet the 

varying demands of the enterprise, SMEs and the nonprofit 

sector. At the same time, it facilitates organisations 

with software engineering competencies to leverage the 

provided infrastructure encapsulated in the demonstrator


framework and tailor it to their specific needs through 

further component development. During Year 5 of 

CNGL, work on this demonstrator was branched off 

into two parallel streams that would allow more rapid 

development, deployment and testing and also coverage 

of additional use-case scenarios and closer integration of 

cross-CNGL research area component technologies, as 

well as connections with third party technologies, such as 

commercial MT and established web technology systems. 

This branching allows the two resultant technologies, 

SOLAS Productivity and SOLAS Match, to move even 

further away from the family of platforms whose large 

footprints have often proven cost prohibitive, and refine 

the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) philosophy that 

enables the development of a component marketplace 

for the platform. SOLAS Productivity makes use of a 

standardised data container, open web service APIs, 

and a common orchestration and process management 

module, which connect to any number of component 

technologies developed by academic and industrial 

partners within CNGL as well as with third party 

technologies and tools. SOLAS Match provides groundbreaking 

and intuitive technology that allows for the 

seamless, and user friendly, matching of community 

translation tasks with volunteer translators. This open 

source technology revolutionises the distribution 

and management of translation tasks using simplified 

web interfaces matched with sophisticated back-end 

technologies. The use of SOLAS Match increases speed 

and reduces overhead for these translation tasks and 

as such is perfectly positioned to be adopted by any 

number of not-for-profit and non-market localisation 

organisations. 

In SOLAS technologies, researchers have gained access 

to a common standards-based and interoperable open 

source localisation eco-system for their research, similar 

to those available to the MT communities with Moses 

and to the speech communities with platforms such 

as the Festival Speech Synthesis System or the MuSE 

speech technology platform. SOLAS is the first working 

innovation platform developed in its entirety within 

CNGL. 

Research Strand Overview: Next Generation 

Localisation 

In LOC, research concentrates on the improvement 

of key areas of localisation automation, such as the 

construction of a common, standards-based data 

model to develop, process and maintain localisation 

knowledge (LOC1) (Ryan, 2010; Morado Vázquez 

and Mooney, 2010; Anastasiou and Morado Vázquez, 

2010; Anastasiou, 2010); the interoperability of suitable 

tools and technologies, the assessment of quality 

measurement methodologies, and the facilitation of 

crowdsourcing and collaboration (LOC2) (Nishio et al., 

2010; Wasala et al., 2010; Gupta and Aouad, 2010; Exton 

et al., 2010); and the modelling of intelligent localisation 

processes, workflows and process management (LOC3) 

(Filip and O’Conchúir, 2011; Lenker et al., 2010; Lenker, 

2010; Lenker and Anastasiou, 2010). The availability 

of a demonstrator system has been a pre-requisite for 

advancing this research and for measuring its success. 

The Service-Oriented Localisation Architecture Solution 

(SOLAS) has become an important focus for research in 

LOC for several reasons (Aouad et al., 2011; Ó Conchúir, 

2011). It offers a common standards-based (meta-) 

data container, web services API for Next Generation 

Localisation communication and connectivity, and an 

orchestration and process management module all 

shared across the framework (Morado and del Rey, 2011; 

Morado et al., 2011). Component technologies from 

industrial partners and third parties as well as research 

components coming from across CNGL (Wasala et 

al., 2011) can be integrated into SOLAS with relative 

ease, demonstrating in very real terms the benefits of 

individual components in an end-to-end localisation 

workflow, as well as providing a showcase for cross-CNGL 

industrial and academic collaboration. While SOLAS 

origins lie in our research around the development of a 

demonstrator system for bulk localisation workflows, it 

is transcending this narrow field and is aiming to offer 

frameworks for a whole open localisation eco-system, 

addressing the needs not just of commercial large and 

medium-sized enterprises but also those of non-profit 

organisations which require solutions that can easily 

adapt to new languages, actors and workflows in a 

highly collaborative and dynamic environment.

62 



Initially, against this background, the main objective 

was to develop a heterogeneous loosely coupled 

platform. This is achieved through Component-Based 

Development (CBD) techniques where SOLAS integrates 

components that are connected through web services 

to realise a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). These 

concepts are also capable of operating in a stand-alone 

mode, further increasing the flexibility of this approach. 

The architecture also permits the easy integration of any 

future component developments from across CNGL. 

(XLIFF TC), GALA, and Localization World, including 

diversification of funding (Canada Research Council)”. A 

Partner Group with The Rosetta Foundation was created 

to raise the visibility and to develop the involvement of 

enterprises (for-profit and not-for-profit) collaborating and 

supporting community translation efforts, to find ways 

to connect this effort to economic criteria that resonate 

with industrial partners, to look for new enterprise 

partners, and to seek alliances with non-profit and other 

organisations to promote these efforts. 

In this regard the initial SOLAS technology was 

demonstrated during the CNGL SFI Mid-Term Review 

of 2011, at the Localisation Innovation Showcase 2011 

at Croke Park, as well as at the Autumn Scientific 

Committee Meeting in TCD. It generated significant 

interest from industrial collaborators and invited industry 

representatives, multinational publishers, SMEs, and the 

non-profit and government sector. 

However, as research and development progressed on 

SOLAS in 2012, and as collaboration with The Rosetta 

Foundation deepened, leading to the granting of an 

exclusive licence for SOLAS Match (aka Translation 

eXchange) to The Rosetta Foundation by UL, it became 

apparent that there was potential for more than what 

was detailed in this initial offering. The decision was 

made to branch SOLAS development into two distinct 

yet connectable technologies. SOLAS Productivity, which 

is a continuation of the initial technology path as detailed 

above and SOLAS Match, a new paradigm for enabling 

volunteer translation and localisation through intuitive 

and user-friendly interfaces backed by dynamic and 

powerful backend technologies. 

The collaboration with The Rosetta Foundation and the 

move of CNGL IP generated by LOC researchers to the 

Foundation with its 2,600+ volunteers has been very 

successful (Wasala et al., 2011). Uptake and trials of 

CNGL output by the Foundation provide very valuable 

feedback to CNGL researchers and evidence of the value 

of this output to potential commercial parties, especially 

in the SME sector. As noted by the international 

independent review panel in CNGL’s Final Review of 

CNGL (July 2012), further evidence of the value of this 

collaboration comes from the increase of “International 

reach and exposure to government and industry outside 

of the usual Ireland and EU-centric bodies: the creation 

of AGIS conferences, growing presence at W3C, OASIS 

Other Relevant Work in the Field and How 

This Compares 

There are commercial efforts under way to develop 

proprietary automated localisation platforms integrating 

process automation and management functionality 

with localisation and translation automation, such as 

terminology management, translation memory systems 

and machine translation. Large multinational content 

publishers, among them Oracle, SAP and Microsoft, have 

demonstrated the commercial viability of such solutions 

with their proprietary in-house solutions. However, they 

have also shown the limits of proprietary solutions and 

have started exploring ways to connect their proprietary 

systems with third party tools and technologies; one 

example is that of the open XML-based Localisation File 

Format (XLIFF) and the Microsoft proprietary Localisation 

Exchange Format (LCX) as reported at the LRC XV 

conference in 2010 by Microsoft and LOC researchers 

(Wasala et al., 2010). Oracle also presented its usage 

of XLIFF in its localisation strategies at the LRC XVI 

conference in 2011. At FEISGILT 2012 it became known 

that, based in large part upon the research initiated by 

Wasala et al. (2010 and 2012), Microsoft will be adopting 

XLIFF as a primary file format going forward. 

In this regard CNGL research is at the forefront of many 

industry concerns with the SOLAS platform representing 

a head-start with its highly innovative approach to 

addressing a wide variety of localisation requirements 

that, as noted by the 2012 international independent 

review panel, “companies like Adobe, Dell, and Intel are 

currently trying to address on their own”. 

SOLAS is the first open, standards-based framework of its 

kind in the localisation space anywhere in the world. It 

already provides an integrated plug-and-play framework 

for configurable component technologies to interoperate, 

and as it continues to be developed and refined, SOLAS


Productivity will allow the seamless connection and 

integration of complementary technologies into a core, 

functional and industrial-scale platform which itself is 

highly modular and extensible, while SOLAS Match will 

redefine the technological landscape of volunteer and 

development localisation with its open source translation 

space. 

Achievements 

Work Package LOC1 

The overall aim of LOC1 is to embed internationalisation 

and localisation issues into the design and development 

cycle of digital content production (Ryan, 2010), moving 

localisation up the value chain. The Work Package 

is divided into two sections, LOC1.1 Digital Content 

Production for Localisation and LOC1.2 Localisation 

Knowledge – Capture, Organisation, Use. 

LOC1 has produced highly innovative research results 

into an XLIFF-based (meta-)data container tasked 

with identifying, classifying and leveraging localisation 

knowledge encapsulated in previous processes 

(Anastasiou and Morado Vázquez, 2010). The result is 

a localisation memory container (LMC), conceptually 

similar to the established translation memory technology, 

but focused directly on localisation rather than “just” on 

translation requirements (Morado Vázquez and Mooney, 

2010). The LMC will improve the quality and consistency 

of the localisation process itself and minimise errors in 

the final product. This work is closely linked to ILT and 

SF2 (data access, exchange and integrity issues). 

LOC1 researchers have also produced highly innovative 

research into the benefits of the development of a 

(meta-) data container, the Localisation Knowledge 

Repository (LKR) (Ryan, 2010; Ryan, 2011). The highly 

innovative LKR developed as part of this research is 

based on a localisation taxonomy that allows the storage, 

maintenance and reuse of localisation-relevant data 

during content development. 

Lucía Morado Vázquez (LOC1.2) successfully passed her 

PhD viva in September. Lucía completed her PhD under 

the supervision of Reinhard Schäler. Lucía has now taken 

up a postdoctoral position at the Multilingual Information 

Processing Department at the Faculty of Translation and 

Interpretation, University of Geneva. 

Pictured at the launch of UL’s MSc in Multilingual Computing and 

Localisation co-hosted by the UN in Africa are (L-R) Solomon Gizaw, 

CNGL, Reinhard Schäler, CNGL, Prof. Don Barry, President, University 

of Limerick and Ms. Aida Opoku-Mensah, United Nations Economic 

Commission for Africa (UNECA) 

The research into internationalisation and localisation 

knowledge leveraging aims to increase the quality, 

consistency and accessibility of content throughout the 

localisation process. It addresses the needs for standards 

and guidelines to content developers. In an environment 

that is increasingly dealing with (often) low quality, usergenerated 

content, this will facilitate the preparation 

of content that is more usable and readable for source 

language speakers, and more translatable for localisation 

professionals and technologies. The guidelines are 

sourced from both academic research and industrial 

best practices. LOC1 also has two representatives on the 

XLIFF Technical Committee. 

Three articles by Lorcan Ryan – on ‘Global Authoring 

Techniques’, ‘Global Diversity and Localistion Issues’ 

and ‘Global Authoring Resources’ – were published in 

Communicator during 2012. 


The Work Package is divided into four sections, LOC2.1 

Addressing the Problem of Interoperability in Localisation 

Process Management, LOC2.2 Technology Evaluation 

– The User Perspective, LOC2.3 Service Descriptor 

Development (Web Services) and LOC2.4 Collaborative 

Localisation Platform: Crowdsourcing.

64 



LOC2 addresses quality assessment of translations in 

a crowdsourced and distributed localisation context 

(Gupta and Aouad, 2010; Exton et al., 2010; Anastasiou 

and Gupta, 2011). The specification of evaluation metrics 

is specifically targeting quantitative and qualitative 

evaluation of translation memories (TMs) in order 

to verify the existence of inconsistency propagation 

(Moorkens, 2011a; Moorkens, 2011b). It also addresses 

more general metrics in evaluation methodologies 

throughout the localisation process. Joss Moorkens 

successfully defended his PhD thesis, entitled “Measuring 

Consistency in Translation Memories: A Mixed-Methods 

Case Study”, in July. Joss was supervised at DCU by 

Dr. Dorothy Kenny and Dr. Sharon O’Brien. 

Finally, research is also being carried out in the area of 

cultural adaptation, with a particular focus on multimedia 

content, and how this might be supported in interchange 

formats such as XLIFF (O’Keeffe, 2011b). 

Dr. David Filip played a central role in the organisation 

and delivery of the inaugural FEISGILTT event, which 

took place on 16th-17th October in Seattle, USA. The 

FEISGILTT 2012 (Federated Event for Interoperability 

Standardization in Globalization, Internationalization, 

Localization, and Translation Technologies) brought 

together experts from the language services industry, 

R&D labs that are exploring new interoperability 

solutions, and the various standards bodies instrumental 

in making such solutions accessible as conformable 

specifications. It offered a neutral venue where these 

stakeholders exchanged knowledge and experiences 

and discussed future directions for addressing the 

interoperability challenges facing the industry. FEISGILTT 

incorporated the 3rd International XLIFF Symposium. 

Lucía Morado Vázquez, Aram Morera Mesa, Dr. Chris Exton and Karl 

Kelly pictured at the LRC Summer School 2012. The theme of this year’s 

Summer School was Mobile Application Development and Localisation 

LOC2 is addressing component and data interoperability 

in order to allow an efficient information exchange 

specifically through the specification and use of 

standardised metadata (Wasala et al., 2010). Research 

from this work package continues to drive the 

development of several components within SOLAS as 

well as feeding back into ILT (development of automated 

translation technologies) and SF2. LOC2 is also specifying 

templates for supporting service descriptions necessary 

for Service Level Agreements between localisationoriented 

service providers and consumers. Web Services 

contract negotiation and agreement protocols will then 

be used to map abstract localisation units into concrete 

services and components (Nishio et al., 2010). 

Dr. David Filip has also led work on Internationalization 

Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0 as co-chair of the 

MultilingualWeb-LT (Language Technology) Working 

Group. The Working Group aims to develop new W3C 

(World Wide Web Consortium) standards to support 

the translation and adaptation of Web content to local 

needs, from its creation through to its delivery to end 

users. By so doing, the new standards will help to remove 

language barriers to international trade and facilitate the 

free flow of information across language borders. 

At the CNGL Localisation Innovation Showcase in 

Limerick in September, Dr. David Filip demonstrated 

the CNGL demonstrator system CMS-LIONSolas Integration: Full Content Lifecycle Metadata 

Interoperability TestBed. Developed in collaboration with 

the SF track, this is a unique platform for testing complex 

metadata designs spanning process areas over the full 

multilingual content life cycle. David showed how a RDFbased 

provenance store is used between Web Content 

Management System (CMS) and XLIFF-based translation 

workflows. This demonstrates use cases for the roundtripping 

of Internationalisation Tag Set (ITS) metadata 

between content generation and publication in HTML5/ 

XML and localisation processes in XLIFF. This therefore 

provides direct testable input into current standardisation 

working groups developing ITS, XLIFF and HTML5.


Dr. Ian O’Keeffe, postdoctoral researcher, left University 

of Limerick during Quarter 3 2012. He is now Manager 

of Software Engineering/Development at Fidelity 

Investments. Also departing University of Limerick 

in Quarter 3 was postdoctoral researcher Dr. Eoin Ó 

Conchúir. Eoin is now participating in the New Frontiers 

entrepreneur development programme. 

The overall aim of LOC3 is to focus on localisation 

workflow re-engineering and recommendation, in 

addition to empirically defining relevant attributes and 

terms in generating personalised localised content 

(Morera, Aouad et al., 2011a; Morera, Aouad et al., 

2011b). This research has conducted an empirical 

evaluation of proposed localisation workflows against 

current industry practice (Lenker et al., 2010; Lenker, 

2011a; Lenker, 2011b). 

Dr. Thomas Arend, International Product Lead at Twitter addresses the 

LRC Conference 2012 on the theme “Social Localisation at Twitter – 

translating the world in 140 Characters” 

Joss Moorkens submitted his thesis in 2012, reporting 

on the outcome of Measuring Consistency in Translation 

Memories: A Mixed-Methods Case Study. His work 

questioned the widely-held assumption that humanmade 

translation memories lead to higher quality, as 

well as faster and cheaper translations as they provided 

access to a large body of high-quality bilingual or 

multilingual language resources produced by professional 

human translators. The result of his research involving 

an examination of large volumes of authentic translation 

memories acquired from CNGL partners, as well as 

qualitative research involving industry experts, clearly 

corrects this view and suggests caution. Joss’s thesis has 

already led to enquiries by and significant interest from 

academia and industry alike. 


The LOC3 Work Package is divided into three 

sections, LOC3.1 Localisation Workflow Specifications 

for Enterprise Localisation; LOC3.2 Taxonomy of 

Personalisation for Generating Personalised Content, 

and LOC3.3 Localisation Workflow Mining. 

Another focus is the research, design and experimental 

implementation of a workflow recommendation system. 

This system takes into account a list of the most relevant 

tasks in a localisation process, and uses a decision tree 

to select those that should be part of the workflow 

according to the specific quality requirements, time 

constraints, and cost constraints of the project on 

hand. Aram Morera has advanced his research on the 

identification and description of workflow patterns in 

social localisation, leading to a workflow recommender 

for specific social localisation scenarios, stretching from 

charitable, to non-profit, to for-profit approaches. The 

identification of these patterns has led to the discovery 

of serious shortcomings in current technologies which 

are being addressed by the SOLAS development team 

in LOC. It is expected that Aram will submit his thesis 

reporting on his research in the first half of 2013. 

The final area of research concerns personalisation 

issues in localisation. This involves considering individual 

preferences, gathered explicitly or implicitly, to go 

beyond the traditional ‘locale’ or ‘community interest’. 

The aim here is the creation of an empirical definition of 

personalisation attributes to demonstrate their feasibility 

and relevance for generating adequate personalised 

content. Research conducted within this work package 

includes the specification and the development of 

demonstrator crowdsourcing localisation environments 

and platforms (Lenker, 2010; Lenker and Anastasiou, 

2010). Solomon Gizaw has focused on the identification 

of communication patterns in cross-cultural information 

exchange and the application of personalisation 

techniques to a community-based translation and 

localisation environment. Solomon has analysed a large 

amount of actual user data from live communication 

exchanges and is planning to use the results of this 

analysis for the adaptation of SOLAS to the requirement 

and needs of specific users, rather than just locales. 

Solomon is planning to submit his thesis in the first half 

of 2013.

66 




LOC has closely collaborated with its main industrial 

partners, especially with Symantec, VistaTEC and 

Microsoft. Additional collaboration with international 

collaborators from The Rosetta Foundation also 

provided valuable input. Following the open sourcing 

of GlobalSight and the establishment of The Rosetta 

Foundation as a spin-off from the University of Limerick 

and CNGL, LOC also collaborated closely with The 

Rosetta Foundation and Welocalize. The engagement 

with industrial partners happened through site visits and 

one-to-one focused meetings between them and LOC 

researchers. 

In the SOLAS platform LOC supports the development 

of a CNGL open localisation platform that will, in 

addition to serving as a test bed for CNGL research in 

the different work packages, provide large multinational 

publishers with a solid case study for the viability of 

open standards for the negotiation of localisation 

data and localisation knowledge, thus providing them 

with the arguments necessary for a migration from an 

enclosed proprietary localisation scenario to a more 

open, interconnecting and interoperable framework. This 

platform will also encourage the uptake of localisation 

and process automation solutions by small and mediumsized 

enterprises, create new business opportunities and 

support the up-scaling of localisation offerings by smaller 

firms. More than 40 individuals and companies have so 

far joined the Dynamic Coalition for a Global Localisation 

Platform: Localisation for All, initiated by LOC and The 

Rosetta Foundation. We expect the platform to generate 

increased activity in sectors of the localisation industry 

(some first indicators show that growth by a factor of 100, 

in certain sectors, is not out of reach). Subsequently, we 

expect employment to rise in these sectors driven by a 

growth in translation and localisation as well as in the 

technical support and development area. 

The opportunities and the requirements for SOLAS, 

especially in the non-profit sector, are significant. In 2007, 

almost 1.5 million non-profits were registered with the US 

Tax Authorities and non-profits reported US$1.9 trillion in 

revenue and US$4.3 trillion in assets. From 1998 to 2005, 

non-profit employment grew 16.4 per cent, compared to 

6.2 per cent for overall employment in the US. 

It is in the nature of non-profit to deal with a multilingual 

and multicultural constituency. Surprisingly, no adequate 

technology is available to support their localisation and 

translation activities. 

In Ireland, the non-profit sector employs more than 

100,000 people with pay costs in the order of €3.5bn, has 

revenues of more than €6bn, and holds assets valued at 

more than €3.5bn. The sector is, perhaps, the principal 

source of social capital in Irish society, with more than 

560,000 people engaged as volunteers, and more than 

50,000 people engaged in their governance. In scale, 

the non-profit sector in Ireland is at least comparable to 

if not greater than agriculture or tourism as a source of 

employment. 

Research into SOLAS by CNGL, with subsequent 

development of this framework through The Rosetta 

Foundation, has the potential to turn Ireland into the hub 

for the internationally traded localisation and translation 

service provision of the world-wide non-profit sector, with 

revenues of more than US$1.9 trillion in the USA alone. 

Indeed, as the international independent review panel 

stated in its review of CNGL in July 2012, “CNGL’s goal 

of making significant societal impact is illustrated by the 

potentially ground-breaking social localization concept, 

embodied in a spinout (The Rosetta Foundation).” 

Achievements (grouped by category) 

Operational Management and Governance 

} On-going research collaboration with CNGL ILT 

Track, e.g. in the area of MT; with DCM, e.g. in the 

area of personalisation; and SF, e.g. in the area of 

interoperability and metadata 

} On-going active engagement with LOC’s international 

collaborators 

} On-going engagement with world-leading standards 

associations, including Unicode and the world-wideweb 

consortium (W3C) 

} Participation and programme input to the world’s 

leading localisation events, including Localization 

World and GALA 

} Engagement with the non-profit sector, including 

the Irish umbrella body for non-profits, The Wheel, 

representing close to 2,000 Irish non-profit enterprises, 

and Dochas, representing the Irish-based overseas aid 

organisations 

} Collaboration with one of the developers of one of 

the most widely used open source localisation tools, 

Translate.za.org, and its principal Dwayne Bailey


Research Programme 

LOC1 

} Continuing contributions to the development of 

the XLIFF standard of OASIS (members of Technical 

Committee) 

} RDF-XLIFF mapping (contacts from LREC: Thierry 

Declerck, Tobias Wunner and John McCrae (DERI), 

also Dr. David Lewis SF, Dr. Alex O’Connor SF) 

} Successful PhD defence by Lucía Morado Vázquez, 

who is now employed as postdoctoral researcher at 

the University of Geneva, Switzerland 

} Significant contributions to the knowledge of content 

development for global markets 

} Filing of invention disclosures 

} Integration of LOC1 components into the overall 

SOLAS framework 

} Successful PhD defence by Lorcan Ryan 

LOC 2 

} Significant contribution to the knowledge of 

localisation resource evaluation and interoperability 

} Further research and implementation of LocConnect 

component 



} Further research and assessment of quality and 

consistency in Translation Memories, including 

successful PhD defence by Joss Moorkens of his thesis 

“Measuring Consistency in Translation Memories: 

A Mixed-Methods Case Study”. This work involved 

significant industry input and has led to substantial 

industry interest in its outcomes. 

} Further research and implementation of Localisation 

Service Descriptor component 

} Further research and implementation of Quality 

Assessment Engine component 

} Cross-strand collaboration with ILT1 

} Asanka Wasala writing up PhD thesis 

} Filing of invention disclosure for several research 

demonstrators 

LOC3 

} Research and implementation of Workflow 

Recommendation Engine component 

} Investigation of industrial workflows 

} Investigation of data transfer practices for Term Bases 

and Glossaries 

} PhD students approaching write-up stage, reporting 

very significant results on their research into 

localisation service descriptors, strategies to surpass 

the established concept of locale in localisation, and 

community-based social localisation workflows. 

} Filing of invention disclosure for several research 

demonstrators 



LOC Overall 

} Collaboration with the United Nations Internet 

Governance Forum (IGF) 

} Support for the University of Limerick and the United 

Nations Economic Commission for Africa’s launch of 

the MSc in Multilingual Computing and Localisation 

to be delivered through distance learning and cohosted 

by UNECA at its Information Training Centre 

for Africa (ITCA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The aim of 

the programme is to promote African languages in the 

Information Society. 

} Invention Disclosures for Localisation Knowledge 

Repository (LKR), Automated Optimal Machine 

Translation System Selection supporting XLIFF, XLLIFF 

Phoenix, LocConnect and Workflow Recommender. 

} Further development of SOLAS integrated system and 

branching into SOLAS Productivity and SOLAS Match 

products. 

Industry Partner Engagement 

} Alchemy Software Development played an integral 

part in the 2012 LRC Summer School, preparing 

and presenting materials related to mobile device 

localisation. 

} LRC Annual Conference featured contributions from 

industry partners Symantec and Welocalize, as well 

as presentations from CNGL Spinout The Rosetta 

Foundation.

68 



} LRC Best Thesis Award 2012 was sponsored by 

Symantec Ireland. 

Tech Transfer Activities 

The following invention disclosures have been filed with 

the Technology Transfer office at UL: 

2006167 – Deed of Assignment of Intellectual 

Property Rights (17022012), 2012/February – 

Localisation Knowledge Repository (LKR) 



Automated Optimal Machine Translation System 

Selection Supporting XML Localization Interchange 

File Format (XLIFF) 



XLIFF Phoenix 


Property Rights (17022012), 2012/February 

– LocConnect – Localisation Orchestration 

Framework 



Workflow Recommender 

} Localization World Paris and Seattle – Rosetta 

Foundation invited to exhibit at both European and 

American events. 

} LOC postdoctoral researcher Dr. David Filip launched 

FEISGILTT 2012, a new federated event dedicated 

to Interoperability Standardization in Globalization, 

Internationalization, Localisation, and Translation 

Technologies. 

} Launch of AGIS Africa initiative, in collaboration with 

the Rosetta Foundation, United Nations Economic 

Commission for Africa, GALA and the University of 

Limerick. 

Plans 

The Next Generation Localisation area will work with 

The Rosetta Foundation as well as with the United 

Nation’s Internet Governance Forum (IGF) working 

group Dynamic Coalition for a Global Open Localization 

Platform: Localization for All on the further development 

of SOLAS leading to its deployment as an Open 

Localisation Platform, supported by the SF1 and SF2 

CNGL research areas. 

Education and Outreach 

} 10th Annual LRC Internationalisation and Localisation 

Summer School took place from 13-15 June 2012 in 

Limerick. The Summer School focused on Mobile 

Application development and localisation and was 

presented by a mix of CNGL industrial partners 

(Alchemy Software Development), PhD Students, 

academic staff and UL students. 

} Localisation Focus – The International Journal of 

Localisation published and sent out to libraries and 

subscribers, as well as being made available online 

for free at www.localisation.ie. Direct download links 

were sent to all members of the LRC mailing list 

(approximately 2,500). 

} LRC XVII, 20-21 September 2012, Limerick, annual 

conference. Conference also featured CNGL 

Innovation Showcase 2012. 

} Launch and support of the MSc in Global Computing 

and Localisation by distance learning. 

Reinhard Schäler (second from left) presented on “Opportunities and 

Growth in Africa” at GALA 2012 in Monaco in March. Pictured with 

Reinhard are Renée Salzman (GALA Co-Founder), Hans Fenstermacher 

(GALA CEO) and María José Velasco (GALA founding member and 

Mondragón Lingua) 

The Rosetta Foundation was launched in 2009 by the 

President of UL and is supported by CNGL through 

formal decisions by its Integration and Management 

Committees. It works with more than 2,600 volunteers 

in over 40 languages and with 50 partner organisations 

including Special Olympics Europe Eurasia/International, 

Trócaire, the London School for Tropical Medicine and


Hygiene, and Ruhama. IP developed by CNGL has been 

transferred to The Rosetta Foundation to support its 

technology platform and The Rosetta Foundation has 

become a UL Campus Company. The Rosetta Foundation 

has already provided very valuable feedback into CNGL 

research which has resulted in joint publications (ASLIB 

Translation and the Computer, 2010). The platform 

serves as a test bed for the SOLAS research carried out in 

LOC, specifically with regard to SOLAS Match, allowing 

it to demonstrate the viability and to measure the 

improvements achieved in the localisation process. This 

work has been documented in at least two non-CNGL 

funded MSc theses in 2012. 

The LOC track publishes ‘Localisation Focus – the International Journal 

of Localisation’ 

In line with this research, the platform is being open 

sourced with the aim of allowing SOLAS Match to 

become the de facto platform for non-industrial, nonprofit 

and non-market localisation and translation 

activities, driving social localisation as defined by LOC 

researchers and in support of the social agenda of CNGL. 

The results of this work have been commented on in the 

CNGL Final Review as the independent international 

review panel commented that “The most visible success 

here is without a doubt the Rosetta Foundation spinoff, 

which pioneers a novel, comprehensive localization 

model for organizations seeking to translate content 

for underserved communities. The panel feels this 

accomplishment has great societal impact that 

transcends the boundaries of Ireland and even the EU.” 

Testing is underway with a focus on demonstrating 

the viability of the SOLAS Match platform with a 

subset of projects within the Rosetta Foundation. 

The publication of specifications and an invitation for 

“open” contributions (such as from the African Network 

for Localisation; the Centre for the Development of 

Advanced Computing (CDAC) in Pune, India; the 

micro-lending organisation KIVA and other organisations 

such as TechSoup Global or Zafen), the creation of 

the component repository, and the demonstration of 

“open” interoperability, in collaboration with industry 

associations such as GALA and Interoperability Now are 

on-going priorities in this area. 

Improvements will be demonstrated and measured in 

relation to particular tasks, e.g. MT and MT post-editing, 

and in relation to the overall process, e.g. user interaction 

evaluation, (re-)use of localisation knowledge and flexible 

workflow specification supported by the platform. Each 

section in each LOC work package is associated with 

one particular aspect of this demonstrator and each will 

contribute to an improvement in the performance of the 

overall platform with component technologies from LOC 

sections connected to the localisation platform. This will 

enable us to measure the impact of these technologies 

on the performance of the overall localisation workflow. 

The LOC research track will support The Rosetta 

Foundation on the development and the deployment 

of SOLAS which, in turn, will provide highly valuable 

feedback from a concrete implementation scenario 

into the scientific research carried out within LOC 

and other CNGL areas. Now that the platform can be 

demonstrated, additional component technologies from 

other CNGL research areas are being considered for 

integration. 

The LOC research strand of CNGL will be subsumed 

in CNGLII under the Translation and Localisation 

Challenge (T&L), and the Interoperability and Analytics 

Challenge (I&A). T&L2 will focus on Social Localisation 

and continue with the research and development of 

the service-oriented localisation architecture solution 

(SOLAS) initiated under CNGL as the bulk localisation 

demonstrator. The work will focus on the identification 

and resolution of current problems around the correct 

identification of resources for localisation (SOLAS Match), 

as well as the identification and development of an 

adequate support infrastructure in terms of language 

technologies and resources in an ad hoc and dynamic 

setting.

Systems 

Framework


Strand Name: Systems Framework 

AREA CO-ORDINATOR: DR. SATURNINO LUZ 



Prof. Andy Way 



Dr. Alexander Troussov 

Mr. David Clarke 

Capita 


Microsoft 

IBM 

Welocalize 

International 

Collaborators 

Dr. Alistair Edwards 

Dr. Masood Masoodian 

Prof. Michael McTear 

Prof. Chris Mellish 

University of York 

The University of Waikato 

University of Ulster 

University of Aberdeen 

Dr. Olga Beregovaya 

Welocalize 

Mr. Phil Richie 

VistaTEC 


Symantec 

Mr. Jason Rickard 

Symantec 

Faculty 

Prof. Julie Carson-Berndsen University College Dublin SF1 

Dr. Gavin Doherty Trinity College Dublin SF1, SF2 

Prof. Josef van Genabith Dublin City University SF2 

Dr. David Lewis Trinity College Dublin SF2 Leader 

Dr. Saturnino Luz Trinity College Dublin SF1 Leader 

Mr. Reinhard Schäler University of Limerick SF1, SF2 

Prof. Vincent Wade Trinity College Dublin SF1, SF2 


Mr. Dominic Jones Trinity College Dublin SF2 

Dr. Nikiforos Karamanis* Trinity College Dublin SF1 

Dr. Anton Gerdelan* Trinity College Dublin SF2

72 


SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK 

PhD Students 

Mr. John McAuley Trinity College Dublin SF2 

Mr. John Moran Trinity College Dublin SF2 

Ms. Ilana Rozanes Trinity College Dublin SF1 

Ms. Anne Schneider Trinity College Dublin SF1 

Mr. Stephan Schlögl Trinity College Dublin SF1 

Technicians 

Mr. Leroy Finn Trinity College Dublin SF2 

* Affiliated postdoctoral researchers 

Funding 


€342,924 

SFI TIDA ‘iOmegaT: Instrumented CAT Tool’ 

(12/TIDA/I2424) €92,273 over 12 months 


EC FP7 Coordination and Support Action Language 

Technology Web – €149,280 to TCD over two years 

(UL, DCU, Microsoft and VistaTEC are also partners)


Research Overview: Systems 

Framework (SF) 

Goals 

The Systems Framework track seeks to ensure that basic 

language technologies can be effectively integrated to 

form next generation localisation systems that meet 

high standards of usability, and to facilitate the use of 

such technologies in advanced research prototypes to 

creatively explore novel design spaces for interactive 

systems. SF aims to produce system services architecture 

and a system design methodology to support the 

integration of linguistic technologies, localisation 

workflow and digital content management. The ultimate 

goal being to enable rapid, iterative and instrumented 

integration of industrial software and academic research 

prototypes and to support their evaluation through 

provision of: a software integration platform based on 

open standards, guidelines and tools for developing 

workflows and applications using this platform, and 

methods for iterative prototyping and user studies. From 

a research perspective, SF focuses on the study of users 

(and potential users) of language technology-enabled 

systems in real work contexts, on the investigation of 

novel interaction design techniques, and on system 

support to the development of speech- and languageenabled 

applications. 

The work packages, SF1 and SF2 pursue these objectives 

from different perspectives. The Interaction Design 

Work Package (SF1) deals primarily with human-factors 

research and it explores the design of novel systems 

incorporating language technology. The Systems 

Service Architecture Work Package (SF2) has a dual 

role in CNGL: it acts as a coordinator and facilitator of 

practical systems integration for the CNGL Demonstrator 

Programme and it conducts research into service 

integration and service management techniques. These 

two roles are interrelated in that the Demonstrator 

Programme, due to its size and variety, offers a unique 

interoperability and evaluation laboratory that operates 

over a wide range of linguistic and digital content 

processing services and applications. 

The specific goals for 2012 were to (1) provide continued 

support for the demonstrator activities and incorporate 

lessons learned into service and metadata models that 

are contributing to international standards activities; (2) 

to analyse and create theories based on the workplace 

studies conducted in various work contexts, with focus 

on the work of medical interpreters; (3) to report 

research results in journal and conference publications; 

(4) to further disseminate and evaluate the Wizard-of-Oz 

system; and (5) to conduct further evaluation of language 

technologies in interactive contexts (e.g. speech-tospeech 

systems). These goals were satisfactorily met, 

several papers were published, substantive contributions 

were made to extension to the ITS (W3C) and XLIFF 

(OASIS) standards, and 3 PhD theses were submitted. 



As noted in previous reports, we have identified a gap 

between language technology and systems development 

methodologies (including both systems and interaction 

design issues) which seems to extend beyond the 

usual issues in putting together demonstrator systems 

and research prototypes. The research done by SF has 

attempted to bridge this gap. 

John Moran of TCD presents at AMTA-2012 Workshop on Post-editing 

Technology and Practice (WPTP) in San Diego, USA.

74 



semantic web, and to interface with standards used in 

localisation, such as XLIFF, for integration with work 

done in the LOC strand. SF also examines specific 

service management issues, in the context of its support 

for the demonstrator systems, namely the support for 

management of online communities, the unobtrusive 

monitoring of post-editing effort with regard to different 

configurations of SMT and other localisation support 

technologies and interoperable linked data formats for 

content management and localisation integration. 


Dominic Jones presents his PhD work at the national final of the Thesis 

in 3 competition 

From an interaction design perspective, SF has 

investigated methods for incorporating work contexts 

into the analysis of requirements for natural language 

generation systems, with special focus on MT technology 

in a localisation context (Doherty, Karamanis and Luz, 

2012; Karamanis, Luz and Doherty, 2011), ethnographic 

methods for the study of multilingual situations, with 

focus on the work of medical interpreters (Rozanes, Luz 

and Doherty, 2011) and rapid prototyping and evaluation 

methods for interactive language technologies such 

as systems that combine speech input/output to MT 

(Schlögl et al., 2011; Schneider and Luz, 2011). 

From a software engineering perspective, SF has 

successfully promoted the adoption of a Service Oriented 

Architecture (SOA) approach across CNGL, integrating 

different technologies into a range of applications 

spanning the use scenarios addressed by CNGL. This has 

allowed individual components, tools and platforms to 

retain autonomy in their choice of software technology, 

provided they adhere to some common interoperability 

models. The overall strategy was to employ existing 

standards as much as possible, by defining a common 

model based on standard languages from the W3C 

addressing provenance, internationalisation and the 

SF activities in Year 5 consisted largely of analysing 

and publishing results of research work conducted in 

the last 18 months, with a focus on the completion 

of PhD theses. Several papers have been written. 

Two papers appeared in major HCI journals (van der 

Sluis, Luz et al., 2012; Doherty, Karamanis and Luz, 

2012), one will appear in the proceedings of the ACM 

Computer Supported Cooperative Work conference 

(Kane, Toussaint and Luz, 2013) and four others are 

under preparation for publication (to be submitted to 

journals ‘Interacting with Computers’ and ‘Computer 

Supported Cooperative Work’ and the conferences ACL 

2013 and Interact 2013). Research related to service and 

content and language resource interoperability were 

published at WWW 2012 (Filip, Lewis and Sasaki, 2012) 

and LREC 2012 (Lewis et al., 2012) and a paper and 

book chapter on community management were also 

published. Several presentations and talks were given, 

including presentations at the CNGL review meeting 

and CNGL Scientific Committee Meeting. In addition, 

several presentations were made at industrially-focused 

events, including Multilingual Web workshops. Two 

international workshops were organised. The first, 

focused on Multilingual Web and Linked Open Data, 

was held in June in Dublin. The second (FEISGILT 2012), 

organised in collaboration with LOC and co-located with 

Localization World in Seattle in September, was focused 

on standardisation and interoperability issues around 

globalisation, internationalisation, localisation and 

translation. SF members also contributed significantly to 

the CNGLII proposal.


Accomplishments, Impact and Plans 

We have concluded the study on support for 

collaborative aspects of translation work and analysis 

of impacts of language technology, particularly MT, 

and reported this work in two major journal papers: 

the Machine Translation journal and the Computer 

Supported Cooperative Work journal (Karamanis, Luz 

and Doherty, 2011; Doherty, Karamanis and Luz, 2012). 

The work on language generation in cross-cultural 

settings has also been concluded and published in the 

premier HCI journal (van Der Sluis et al., 2012). The 

Wizard-of-Oz platform has been fully deployed online 

and released as an open source project. Experiments and 

interviews to assess wizard performance and the usability 

of the platform have been successfully concluded and 

a paper is currently in preparation for submission to 

the journal ‘Interacting with Computers’. Community 

management trials with Symantec were successfully 

completed, and MT post-editing trials with professional 

translators at Welocalize and with crowdsource translators 

were completed. The former resulted in post-editing 

machine translation (PEMT) analytics solutions being 

licensed to Welocalize, while the latter demonstrated 

strong MT improvement resulting from selective training 

based on PEMT logging. Further details of on-going 

activities and plans for future work are given below. 

Fieldwork for Language Technologies in Work 

Contexts 

SF PhD student Ilana Rozanes has concluded the 

elaboration of a grounded theory of the work of 

medical interpreters. This work spanned two years of 

extensive observation of medical interpreters at work, 

interviews, data collection and data coding. Results are 

being currently written up for publication in journal and 

HCI conference papers. These papers will explore the 

data and theory in the context of designing languagetechnology 

applications for use by interpreters in medical 

settings, drawing on CNGL technology. 

Figure 4: CNGL Wizard-of-Oz Homepage 

Writing of a paper describing the results of these 

activities is in progress for submission to a journal. 

Stephan Schlögl has submitted his PhD thesis, and 

his viva is scheduled for January 2013. The WebWOZ 

software has now been released under an open source 

licence and we plan to use and extend it in CNGLII. 

Interaction Design for Speech-to-Speech 

Translation 

Complementing our published work (Schneider and 

Luz, 2011; Schneider) a further experiment has been 

conducted on the use of speech recognition in an 

instructional task. Results are currently being written 

up for a paper to be submitted to ACL 2013 or SIGdial 

2013. The overall aim of this line of research is to 

assess the potential mismatches between intrinsic 

and extrinsic evaluation methods for component 

language technologies. In this case we focused on how 

well or otherwise (intrinsic metric) word-error rate 

correlates to (extrinsic measures of) task success, and 

proposed alternative methods for identifying potential 

communication difficulties in automatic speech 

recognition (ASR)-mediated communication. 

Wizard-of-Oz Platform 

The CNGL Wizard-of-Oz platform (WebWOZ) was made 

available online in 2011 (http://www.webwoz.com). 

Since then it has been used to gather data on patterns 

of usage of the tool and on wizard performance. Specific 

projects (e.g. HCI coursework projects) were designed to 

assess the tool under controlled conditions.

76 



Figure 5: End-to-end localisation workflow monitoring using RDF Provenance, through integration of CMS-LION, 

SOLAS, Matrex and other components 

Linked Data for Content Management 

and Localisation Integration 

Integration of Content Management Systems and 

Localisation Workflows remains a challenge with no 

established standard. However, content is increasingly 

generated and revised in a continuous stream including 

user-generated content, while existing push-based 

integration between content management and 

localisation systems constrains both agility in support 

of new content processing modes (e.g. crowdsourcing) 

and upstream feedback from translators. This activity 

therefore provides a standard linked data-oriented 

approach to agile multilingual content management. 

The approach supports both push- and pull-based 

CMS-Localisation interactions via a common Resource 

Description Framework (RDF) Provenance Model. This is 

implemented in a system, CMS-LION, which populated 

the RDF Provenance Model from exchanges of XLIFF files 

within a localisation workflow operated by LOC’s SOLAS 

platform. This model uses the RDF Open Provenance 

Vocabulary to log all CMS-Localisation interactions 

and content transformations. This allows standard 

SPARQL queries to be used for workflow monitoring and 

translation corpora extraction from fresh post-editing, 

for immediate retraining of an MT engine based on 

MaTrex from DCU and the bi-text corpora processing 

chains developed in the PANACEA project. Over several 

retraining iterations, this approach showed a strong 25% 

improvement in BLEU scores within a single crowdsourced 

translation job. 

To demonstrate this approach, a crowd-sourced 

translation application has been implemented with 

a Drupal frontend via which users can create and 

contribute to translation jobs in XLIFF. An RDFLogger 

component is used to change the XLIFF document 

into RDF provenance statements and then log these to 

a triple store. The Sesame Triple Store used provides 

an open source Java framework for storing, querying 

and reasoning with RDF. A RDF Provenance Visualiser 

has been implemented for exploring outcomes of 

process steps. This platform was also used in prototype 

integration with translation quality assurance data 

gathered by translation review processes conducted 

by VistaTEC.


Figure 6: Petri – A community analytics tool developed for identifying and tracking community guru behaviour 

at Symantec 

This experience and demonstration using CMS-LION 

and SOLAS have enabled CNGL to promote a strong 

vision of end-to-end interoperability and monitoring 

of localisation workflows. This, in turn, has fed into new 

metadata definitions related to translation provenance 

in the new version of the Internationalization Tag Set 

being developed by the Language Technology-Web 

project via the W3C’s Multilingual Web-Language 

Technology working group. Feedback on this approach 

has also been provided to the XLIFF Technical 

Committee and the W3C PROV working group. This 

capability has also placed CNGL well for continued 

international collaboration at the intersection of linked 

data and language resource technology research, both 

through collaboration on workshops in the area and 

through two EU-funded project proposal submissions. 

Visual Analytics for Online Communities 

Visual analytics can help users to extract knowledge 

from massive amounts of data, make sound decisions 

based on evidence and increase understanding of 

complex online processes. However, applications are 

generally developed with a focus on the researcher or the 

analyst, and lack a clear context for the end-user. This 

research seeks to investigate the potential 

of visual analytics for online communities. It 

has evaluated how to extract knowledge from 

communication data and represent this visually 

to support evidence-based decision making and 

understanding complex processes in online communities. 

An initial visual analytics tool was developed for the 

Stack Exchange Super-User meta community. The 

tool visualises the community’s social and temporal 

interaction patterns and provides collaboration support 

in the form of visualisation bookmarking, view sharing 

and threaded discussion. Based on this experience, a 

revised tool was tailored to the community management 

requirements of customer support staff in Symantec, 

enabling an evaluation of innovative methodologies 

and tools in developing such a tool. 

The tool, Petri, was designed to encourage a more 

analytical approach to online community management 

that is based on cycles of observation and intervention. 

We conducted several interviews and design workshops 

with Symantec’s online community team to help 

formalise a set of requirements. These requirements 

were then used to inform the design. Petri enables 

the community manager to analyse their community 

from multiple perspectives, shifting between phases

78 



of explorative and confirmative analysis, and to identify 

users that could prove valuable to the community 

over time. Explorative evaluation, conducted with five 

members of the Symantec community management 

team, found the visualisation tool to be both useful 

and usable. This work, therefore, proposed a new 

approach to online community management, which is 

built upon cycles of analysis and informed intervention. 

It is supported by the implementation of advanced 

visual analytic technologies and has established a set of 

design requirements that can be readdressed by other 

researchers interested in online community visualisation. 

termed instrumented OmegaT or iOmegaT, has been 

deployed at a large CNGL industrial partner, Welocalize. 

As a result, large quantities of translation process field 

data have been gathered from production tests where 

individual translator speed was measured for segments 

that were translated using MT and segments that were 

not (Human Translation). So far, over half a million 

words in approximately 60,000 sentences have been 

translated by more than 50 translators using iOmegaT 

and this number is growing on a monthly basis as more 

productivity tests are carried out. This uniquely large data 

set is currently being analysed to determine: whether 

automated MT metrics or string distance calculations 

correlate with post-editing (PE) time data; if analysis 

of patterns in keystroke and other translation process 

(TP) field data provides insight into the MT post-editing 

process; if features of source sentences which correlate 

with increased post-editing time across multiple 

languages can be identified; and what volume of PEMT 

data needs to be gathered to form reliable analyses of 

MT engines. 

Industry Engagement and Future Plans 

Prof. Felix Sasaki of DFKI and Dag Schmidtke of Microsoft Ireland confer 

with Dr. Mark Davis, President of the Unicode Consortium via video link 

at the W3C Multilingual Web Workshop at TCD 

Instrumenting CAT Tools to evaluate Post-editing 

of SMT 

Machine translation (MT) evaluation metrics based on 

n-gram co-occurrence statistics are financially cheap 

to execute and their value in comparative research is 

well documented. However, their value as a standalone 

measure of MT output quality is questionable. In 

contrast, manual methods of MT evaluation are 

financially expensive. This work is developing a lowcost 

means of acquiring MT evaluation data in an 

operationalised manner in a commercial post-edited 

MT context. To this effect, OmegaT, a popular open 

source CAT tool has been augmented to capture postediting 

keystroke and other CAT tool actions, and to 

capture this in an open XML log file so that it can be 

analysed by workflow managers. The resulting tool, 

Strong industry engagement through deployment and 

trialling of tools has been conducted with Welocalize 

and Symantec, resulting in one technology licence. 

Further close collaboration is being undertaken together 

with LOC and ILT through the W3C’s MultilingualWeb- 

Language Technology working group. These and 

earlier engagements are resulting in on-going industry 

collaboration at the level of proposal writing, especially 

CNGLII, FP7 and Science Foundation Ireland/Enterprise 

Ireland Technology Innovation Development Award 

(TIDA). The WOZ and CMS-LION systems now also 

form core platforms for research in interactivity, 

interoperability and analytics in CNGLII.

Year 5 Demonstrator 

Programme


Year 5 Demonstrator Programme 

Goals 

The CNGL Demonstrator Programme aims to: promote 

and guide collaborative scientific work between CNGL 

partners and between research tracks; showcase the 

relevance of CNGL research to industry and society in 

general; and provide regular milestones for assessing the 

collective progress and impact of CNGL. 

Research Challenges and Methods 

The Demonstrator Programme has achieved these 

objectives through a rolling programme of engagement 

by multiple teams of collaborating researchers across 

CNGL tracks that address specific use scenarios in 

response to industry needs. Each team developed 

a demonstrator system in an iterative manner 

and presented them in bi-annual showcases. The 

Demonstrator Programme balanced the scientific 

needs of individual researchers and PhD topics, diverse 

and evolving requirements of industry partners, and 

of the Centre in advancing collaborative research 

and IP commercialisation. It has also tracked and 

assessed progress visible via demonstrator systems 

and communicated this internally, to reviewers and 

advisers, to industry and the general public at CNGL 

Localisation Innovation Showcase events. CNGL has 

carefully developed and resourced a flexible coordination 

organisational structure that enabled the programme to 

address its challenges effectively and in a timely fashion. 

Work on advancing the demonstrator systems was 

conducted by demonstration teams with members 

drawn from across universities, research tracks and 

industry partners. Demonstrator systems must exhibit 

potential industrial impact, but are also vehicles for 

scientific collaboration and instances of model-driven 

interoperability. These three factors therefore form the 

basis for evaluating demonstrator systems. Evaluations 

are recorded so as to track the progress through 

increasing maturity across the Demonstrator Programme 

as well as track links to the peer-review publications 

produced by the Centre. 

Achievements in Year 5 (2012) 

The Demonstrator Programme accomplished four major 

milestones in 2012: 

1. In July, a showcase of selected demonstrator 

systems was presented to a panel of distinguished 

international reviewers as part of CNGL’s Year 5 

Review site visit. 

2. The Programme’s work on Metadata Semantics for 

Next Generation Localisation and its instantiation 

in demonstrator systems is receiving international 

recognition and is exerting a coordinated impact on 

both the major extant international standardisation 

efforts in localisation, namely W3C working group 

on Multilingual Web – Language Technology and 

the OASIS XLIFF Technical Committee. 

3. A large set of the demonstrator systems was 

showcased at a final public event at the Localisation 

Research Centre conference in Limerick in 

September. 

4. Several of the demonstrator systems have successfully 

graduated to the CNGL Commercialisation 

Programme and are now receiving seed funding from 

various sources to further develop their commercial 

potential. 

Another important achievement for the Demonstrator 

Programme has been in showing the real benefits 

of active resource curation and its role in improving 

the quality and performance of language technology 

components. 

As shown below in Figure 7, collectively the CNGL 

Demonstrator Programme covers a range of content 

processing scenarios, from community management, to 

multimodal interaction to personalised discovery and 

consumption of content. Processes to both translate and 

slice/recompose content are core to these activities. The 

role of language technology (e.g. text analytics, machine 

translation and speech processing) in these scenarios is 

supported by the active curation of language resources.

82 


YEAR 5 DEMONSTRATOR PROGRAMME 

Figure 7: Content Processing Scenarios covered by the Demonstrator Programme 

Curating language resources as a secondary output 

of content processing activities promises significant 

progressive improvement of language technology 

components through systematic targeting and reuse of 

these resources. Such active curation has already shown 

significant improvement in Statistical Machine Translation 

(SMT) performance within a crowd-sourced translation 

project where the rapid retraining of SMT has been made 

possible by the active curation and reuse of human 

translation corrections. This work has led to funding 

being secured (SFI TIDA feasibility funding) to develop 

further rapid SMT retraining techniques. 

Demonstrator Showcases 

As mentioned above, the demonstrator systems were 

showcased at two events in 2012, the CNGL Year 5 

Review (July) and the CNGL Localisation Innovation 

Showcase at the Localisation Research Centre conference 

(September). The following provides an overview of the 

key systems that were showcased at these events. 

This initial set of demonstrators highlights the 

commercialisation outputs of CNGL that have emanated 

from the Demonstrator Programme: 

} Text Classification for Bulk Localisation Review 

[Digital Linguistics/TCD – ILT/SF]: Phil Ritchie 

(Digital Linguistics) and Gerard Lynch demonstrated 

Review Sentinel, a software-as-a-service offering for 

scalable and consistent language quality management 

from CNGL spinout Digital Linguistics. This direct 

licensing and commercialisation of CNGL academic/ 

industrial collaboration reduces linguistic review cost 

while ensuring the highest levels of style and brand 

consistency. 

} Wripl – Personalisation-as-a-Service across 

Websites [TCD – DCM]: Kevin Koidl and Brian 

Gallagher demonstrated non-invasive cross-site 

personalisation. This work improves a user’s 

experience as they browse across multiple different 

CMS systems to solve a particular task. As the user 

browses from site to site, the system gains knowledge 

about their task and gives hints to the CMS on which 

content to recommend. Wripl has been developed 

with the support of Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)/ 

Enterprise Ireland (EI) Technology Innovation 

Development Award (TIDA) funding and its 

development is now supported by the Enterprise 

Ireland Commercialisation Development Fund.


} Emizar – Personalised Retrieval Composition and 

Presentation [TCD/Symantec – DCM]: Dr. Alex 

O’Connor presented the Personalised Multilingual 

Customer Care Adaptive Portal. This system combines 

formal technical content with social content harvested 

from user forums to present tailored, task-specific 

solutions to users for customer support and technical 

support problems, across languages and levels of 

expertise. This is already in receipt of SFI/EI TIDA 

funding and is undertaking trials with industrial 

reference customers. 

} KantanMT – Moses on the Cloud [DCU/ 

Xcelerator – ILT]: Tony O’Dowd (Xcelerator) 

and Dr. Declan Groves demonstrated how ILTbased 

machine technology and know-how is being 

leveraged commercially to provide cloud-based MT 

services. Tony O’Dowd has formed a DCU spin out, 

Xcelerator, to commercialise this technology, which 

already has over 400 mid-sized client LSPs. Xcelerator 

secured US$1.2 million in funding from a syndicate of 

investors which will allow for the creation of 25 new 

development jobs. 

} iOmegaT – An Instrumented CAT Tool and its 

use in a Commercial Machine Translation Study 

[TCD/Welocalize – SF]: John Moran demonstrated 

how his instrumented version of the CAT tool 

OmegaT was used to collate post-editing time data 

during commercial MT evaluation projects conducted 

by Welocalize. Such data has the potential to be vital 

in assessing the post-editing effort and quality of 

machine translation and assessing the performance 

of different MT offerings in a commercial translation 

setting. This technology has also now secured SFI/EI 

TIDA feasibility funding for 2013. 

} PLuTO – Facilitating Patent Search with Machine 

Translation [DCU/FP7 – ILT]: Dr. John Tinsley 

demonstrated work by the EU-funded PLuTO 

project which has developed in-browser software 

that allows patent search professionals to carry out 

personalised translations on-the-fly. The technology 

uses statistical machine translation that has been 

adapted to the patent domain and deployed as a web 

service. This technology is now supported by the EI 

Commercialisation Development Fund for further 

development at DCU. 

} SOLAS Match – Leveraging community translation 

[UL/Rosetta Foundation – LOC]: Dr. Eoin Ó 

Conchúir demonstrated how SOLAS Match is used as 

a collaborative localisation platform for communitybased 

volunteer translators. This is being rolled out in 

the non-profit CNGL spin-out, the Rosetta Foundation, 

where it is being used to support a cohort of 6,000 

volunteer translators. 

} Rapid SMT Re-training [DCU/TCD/MLW-LT/ 

PANACEA – ILT/SF]: Dr. Antonio Toral (Affiliated 

project – PANACEA) and Leroy Finn showed how 

a statistical machine translation (SMT) engine is 

re-trained using post-edits from non-professional 

translators. CNGL provides CMS-LION, which offers 

crowd-sourced post-editing integrated with Content 

Management Systems (CMS). PANACEA provides a 

web service for machine translation and workflows for 

the retraining of the SMT engine. This has resulted in 

additional SFI/EI TIDA feasibility funding to develop 

more rapid SMT retraining techniques. 

The following demonstrators showcased a high degree 

of industrial engagement and impact: 

} Visual Analytics for the Management of Online 

Communities [TCD/Symantec – SF]: John McAuley 

showed how visual analytics can make analysis of 

online interactions accessible to all members of an 

online community. This actively supports online 

communities in discussing and planning the evolution 

of their policies and processes, thereby increasing 

member engagement, and has been trialled through 

development of a tool to enable members of customer 

support communities at Symantec to observe and gain 

insight into the behaviour of key community members, 

or ‘gurus’. 

} Multilingual User Modelling for Personalised 

Multilingual Information Retrieval [TCD/DCU/ 

Microsoft – DCM]: M. Rami Ghorab demonstrated 

a framework for multilingual search personalisation. 

This work provides a system to permit the delivery 

and evaluation of different combinations of functional 

elements of a personalised, multilingual information 

retrieval system, such as user modelling, query 

adaptation, results adaptation and translation. This 

demonstrator was advanced through a placement at 

Microsoft Ireland offices.

84 



} CMS-LIONSolas Integration: Full Content Lifecycle 

Metadata Interoperability TestBed [UL/TCD/MLW- 

LT – SF/LOC]: Dr. David Filip demonstrated a unique 

platform for testing complex metadata designs 

spanning process areas over the full multilingual 

content life cycle. David showed how a RDF-based 

provenance store is used between Web Content 

Management System (CMS) and XLIFF-based 

translation workflows. This demonstrates use cases 

for the round-tripping of Internationalisation Tag Set 

(ITS) metadata between content generation and 

publication in HTML5/XML and localisation processes 

in XLIFF. This therefore provides direct testable 

input into current standardisation working groups 

developing ITS, XLIFF and HTML5 

The final set of demonstrators highlights promising 

research directions that have influenced the focus of 

CNGLII: 

} MOODfinger – An Affective Search Engine [UCD- 

DCM]: Alejandra López-Fernández and Yanfen Hao 

presented their initial prototype of a search engine 

that retrieves texts that express a certain mood for a 

given query and then ranks the texts according to the 

degree to which they exhibit this mood. As part of this 

work, an affective lexicon is built which can be used to 

help retrieve, filter and rank web content in the most 

emotionally useful ways. The affective qualities of 

content, especially user-generated content, underpin 

several research activities in CNGLII. 

} WebWOZ – A Wizard of Oz Platform [SF/ 

ILT – TCD/UCD]: Stephan Schlögl demonstrated 

a web-based system for supporting online dynamic 

intervention by designers while testing user 

interactions with application prototypes that will later 

incorporate language processing components. This 

provides a flexible tool for rapidly iterating low fidelity 

application prototypes using Wizard-of-Oz techniques. 

Stephan also discussed how WebWOZ was leveraged 

by ILT researchers in UCD for user evaluations of 

their MySpeech system. Released as an open source 

system, WebWOZ forms a key platform for multimodal 

interaction and dialogue research in CNGLII. 

} WinkTalk – Linking Facial Expressions to 

Expressive Synthetic Voices [UCD – ILT]: Éva 

Székely and Zeeshan Ahmed presented their work on 

using facial gestures to automatically select between 

expressive synthetic voice styles for use by synthetic 

voices and speech generating devices. The expressive 

features of the synthetic voices represent dimensions 

of emotional intensity rather than distinct emotions. 

This work shows the potential for supporting affectdriven 

dialogue systems. 

Metadata Semantics for Next Generation 

Localisation 

In addition to developing and showcasing a set of 

demonstrator systems, the Demonstrator Programme 

provides a basis for examining and modelling problems of 

interoperability across the scope of end-to-end content 

processing. The components used and integrated in 

the demonstrator systems derive from a number of 

different research and industrial communities, where 

typically either metadata was not formally defined or was 

specified in a fragmented set of standards. 

The Metadata Group (MDG) was established to 

concentrate and integrate the metadata knowledge from 

these different communities, including statistical machine 

translation and text analytics research, adaptive content 

and personalisation research, and localisation workflow 

and interoperability expertise. To address the universal 

trend towards web-based content and to offer a wellsupported, 

community-neutral approach to semantic 

modelling of metadata, the standardised languages of 

the W3C Semantic Web initiative were used, specifically 

the Resource Description Framework (RDF). This allowed 

multiple existing metadata standards and component 

metadata requirements to be incorporated into a single 

model. This thereby demonstrates the interrelation 

and utility of such interlinked metadata and provides 

a focus for wider consensus building on a semantic 

model that combines content management, localisation, 

natural language processing and content adaptation/ 

personalisation. Such an approach enables existing 

service-oriented system integration to be enhanced 

through semantic annotation of differing interfaces, 

e.g. those used in SOLAS, or for SMT integration. It also 

supports linked-data provenance annotation for the pullbased 

interoperability approach used for the CMS-LION 

system.


Figure 8: WinkTalk Workflow 

With strong input from the demonstrator teams, the 

MDG has developed semantic models of content and 

process taxonomies that span the content processing 

scenarios (see Figure 7) supported by the Demonstrator 

Programme. This provides a broad and validated 

semantic model that will guide future interoperability 

solutions across the Global Intelligent Content space. 

This broad view of interoperability based around 

semantic metadata and its mapping to existing 

standards has allowed CNGL to impact on international 

standardisation efforts. As well as UL’s established 

participation in the OASIS XLIFF Technical Committee, 

in 2012 UL, TCD, DCU, Microsoft and VistaTEC together 

with several international academic and industrial 

collaborator and the support of EU funding, founded 

a new W3C working group on Multilingual Web – 

Language Technology. This working group addresses 

the interoperability challenges that exist in integrating 

content management systems, localisation systems and 

machine translation services. Interoperability use cases 

being addressed include: CMS-based content translation 

and quality assurance; CMS-LSP metadata round-tripping 

and content metadata for machine translation training 

and on-demand content translation. The consortium is 

led by DFKI (Germany), and contains other academic 

experts, a CMS vendor (Cocomore), several LSP and 

language technology providers (Moravia, Enlaso, 

LinguaServ. ]Init[. Logrus, Tilde and Lucy Software) 

as well as attracting further participation from large 

localisation clients including Adobe, SAP, Intel and IBM. 

Input from the Demonstrator Programme has been in the 

form of integration between CMS-LION, SOLAS, MaTrEx, 

PANACEA MT training services and localisation quality 

assurance from Digital Linguistics and VistaTEC. UL(LOC) 

and TCD(SF) have also been instrumental in driving 

roundtrip scenarios between ITS in HTML5/XML files 

and XLIFF-based workflows, thereby acting to harmonise 

parallel specification activities in the MLW-LT working 

group at the W3C and the XLIFF Technical Committee at 

OASIS as well as contributing to those groups individually 

as editors and co-chairs.

86 



Figure 9: Overview of Semantic Modelling of the Metadata Group in influencing international standards 

The chairing and organisation by the Metadata Group 

of the inaugural FEISGILTT 2012 interoperability and 

standards harmonisation workshop, co-located with 

Localization World in Seattle in October, played a key 

role in this harmonisation, and will be repeated at 

Localization World in London in 2013. In addition, the 

Metadata Group organised, in collaboration with the 

MLW-LT working group, a workshop in the Multilingual 

Web series on the role of Linked Open Data in the 

development of the multilingual web. This together with 

committee involvement in the Multilingual Semantic Web 

workshop in Boston and the Multilingual Linked Open 

Data for Enterprises workshop in Leipzig demonstrates 

that the CNGL Metadata Group is playing a significant 

role in guiding the convergence of language and 

localisation technologies with the linked data cloud. This 

role will continue in CNGLII through the Interoperability 

and Analytics theme as well as through proposed new 

EU projects.

Industry Partnerships and 

Technology Transfer


Industry Partnerships and 

Technology Transfer 

Overview 

For the last twenty years the localisation industry has 

focused on delivering valuable solutions that adapted 

content for specific geographic regions and cultures. 

The next twenty years will be about inventing realtime 

solutions which operate across the global content 

value chain to transform content into small actionable 

bits of information personalised to specific individuals, 

regardless of their current location. To accommodate 

this industry shift, the CNGL research programme has 

expanded out to look at key aspects of the end-to-end 

content value chain. 

Knowledge transfer within the Centre operates under 

an industry-standard Collaborative Research and 

IP Agreement. The IP agreement was signed by all 

parties in May 2008, while the Collaborative Research 

Agreement was signed in May 2009 at an event held at 

the IBM campus in Dublin. The Collaborative Research 

Agreement clearly defines how intellectual property 

generated by the Centre is managed and ultimately 

commercialised. 

CNGL is working with our industrial partners to deliver 

a range of solutions across the global content value 

chain that provide consistently fine-grained analysis and 

services to an ever more empowered and demanding 

group of global consumers. 

As CNGL’s fifth year draws to a close, we can report 

progress on multiple fronts, particularly in our 

commercialisation and industry outreach efforts. During 

the past year the CNGL Centre Management team has 

placed significant emphasis on maturing and deepening 

relationships with our current industry partners, as 

well as engaging with the broader ecosystem. At the 

same time, our Intellectual Property portfolio and 

commercialisation pipeline have come together and 

are demonstrating significant market potential. To date 

CNGL spinouts have raised in excess of €1.25M in 

venture capital funding and are projecting the creation of 

25+ private-sector jobs in the coming year. 

In 2012 CNGL continued its successful Localisation 

Innovation Showcase series, which has continually 

strong attendance since it was launched in 2009. The 

event, which attracts upwards of 100 attendees, is an 

opportunity to showcase emerging CNGL innovations. 

In addition, the event has become a catalyst for 

an expanding array of interactions between CNGL 

researchers and practitioners from the broader industrial 

ecosystem. 

CNGL Spinout Showcase at Symantec’s offices in Ballycoolin, Dublin 

As a commercially-focused research centre, CNGL 

depends upon its industrial partners to provide 

candid guidance regarding the research agenda and 

to continually assess our progress towards key project 

milestones. Industrial partners have representatives on 

every significant management committee within the 

CNGL organisational structure; this provides them with 

formal top-down communication channels through 

which to influence the research agenda. Furthermore, 

our corporate engagement strategy emphasises oneon-one 

reciprocal relationships between academic 

researchers in CNGL and their corporate equivalents, 

which provides equally important and effective bottomup 

communication channels.

90 


INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 

Alchemy’s initial 5-year commitment to CNGL had been 

valued at €630K, which is a combination of software 

licences and consulting expertise. The company has 

already contributed the full complement of software to 

our research tracks, valued at over €600K. In addition to 

software licences, Alchemy personnel have dedicated a 

significant number of hours working directly with CNGL 

staff. 

TCD Winners of EI/SFI Technology Innovation Development Awards 

(TIDA) 2012 include Prof. Séamus Lawless, Dr. Alex O’Connor and Prof. 

Vincent Wade of CNGL 

During 2012 Alchemy Software Development has been 

particularly active with respect to the use of Machine 

Translation technology and was a key supporter during 

2012 of the successful SFI TIDA application which 

secured additional funding for research prototyping in 

the area of rapid machine translation retraining. 

Capita Translation & Interpreting 

(Previously Applied Language Solutions) 

Current Industrial Partnerships 

CNGL currently has 10 diverse corporate partners 

who maintain a strong commitment to the long-term 

success of our research efforts. Our partners include 

multinational companies such as DNP, IBM, Microsoft, 

and Symantec as well as indigenous and regional SMEs 

including Alchemy, SDL, SpeechStorm, Applied Language 

Solutions, Welocalize and VistaTEC. 

The diversity of our partners is a reflection of the 

challenges facing CNGL as well as the importance of 

our research to both the Irish economy and global 

marketplace. A successful realisation of the CNGL 

objectives will help drive not only the development and 

productisation of novel early stage technologies but also 

solidify Ireland as the centre of excellence for multilingual 

localisation research and development. 

Alchemy 

Capita Translation & Interpreting became a full member 

of CNGL in January 2012 with its acquisition of Applied 

Language Solutions, which in turn had previously 

acquired original CNGL Partner Traslán. The company 

employs more than 150 members of staff worldwide 

and provides language solutions to customers in over 90 

countries, in more than 200 different languages. Traslán’s 

initial 5-year commitment to CNGL had been valued at 

€958K, which is a combination of software licences and 

consulting expertise. Applied Language Solutions has 

taken over the mantra and is already making significant 

contributions in terms of translation memories. One 

of the key benefits of CNGL membership is talent 

acquisition – having access to highly skilled researchers. 

Applied Language Solutions has hired three CNGL 

researchers to enable the fast growth translation services 

provider to improve further its industry-leading service, 

through driven development of its machine-assisted 

translation solution. 

Alchemy Software Development is one of the world’s 

foremost and recognised localisation technology 

providers. The company was founded as an Irish SME 

in 2000 and, as a result of its phenomenal growth and 

success, completed a merger with Translations.com, a 

leading provider of software, website and enterprisewide 

localisation services, as well as localisation-related 

technology products, in 2008.


DNP 

Founded in Japan in 1876, Dai Nippon Printing (DNP) 

has grown to become one of the world’s leading 

comprehensive printing companies. DNP has developed 

a unique vision of the future of multilingual multi-modal 

digital media based on its significant expertise in the 

management of global multilingual content distribution. 

With the company predicting the coexistence of paper 

and digital media along with the anticipated creation 

of new forms of media, DNP’s participation in CNGL 

is of particular strategic importance to its long-term 

objectives. 

Despite the distance, DNP is actively involved in the 

strategic direction of the Centre. During the course of 

2012 DNP has sent representatives to Dublin to discuss 

commercialisation strategy as well as hosted a CNGL 

Delegration to discuss CNGL’s new research programme. 

IBM 

IBM is one of the world’s leading technology and 

service providers dedicated to helping clients succeed 

in delivering business value by becoming more efficient 

and competitive through the use of business insight 

and information technology. As a multinational firm, 

IBM takes a globally integrated approach to innovation 

with a network of more than 60 software development 

and research laboratories that explore, test and support 

a wide range of emerging technologies. IBM first set 

up operations in Ireland over 50 years ago and since 

then the region has become the hub of worldwide 

research into linguistic technologies. Furthermore, the 

recently established IBM Dublin Centre for Advanced 

Studies (CAS) has made Human Language Technologies 

one of its core research priorities. IBM launched the 

LanguageWare project in 2001 with the vision of creating 

a componentised linguistic platform with applications 

across the company’s entire product portfolio. 

LanguageWare is now the most broadly used linguistic 

technology across IBM. 

Over the initial five years of the CNGL operation, IBM 

has committed a total of €8.65M in funding to the 

programme, €7.7M in the form of software licences and 

1.75 FTEs valued at €950K. To date we have integrated 

€6.9M worth of IBM software licences. 

Microsoft 

Founded in 1975, Microsoft is the global leader in 

software, services and solutions that help people and 

businesses realise their full potential. The company first 

set up operations in Ireland in 1985 and has steadily 

expanded its base of activity, now employing almost 

2,000 full-time and contract staff. As a company that 

localises products and services into 60+ languages, 

the need for integrated enterprise and personalised 

localisation tools is one of the fundamental challenges 

stretching across each of Microsoft’s business units. 

The company’s participation in CNGL provides our 

researchers with a unique industry perspective on the 

challenges of international product development. 

Microsoft has already contributed the full complement 

of original proposed contribution to the research tracks, 

valued at over €2M in terms of translation memories, 

helping researchers both in Bulk Enterprise Localisation 

and Personalised Multilingual Customer Care. Microsoft 

has filled two intern positions with CNGL researchers 

during 2012 and continues to be proactive on the 

industrial committee. 

SDL 

SDL was founded in 1992 and has since grown to become 

one of the world’s foremost localisation providers to 

businesses maintaining a global market presence. SDL 

is at the forefront of research and development in the 

fields of machine translation and global information 

management technologies. SDL’s industry leading 

position in the translation supply chain offers CNGL 

researchers unparalleled access the tools and expertise 

that are used to serve over 400 of the world’s leading 

enterprises.

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SDL’s initial commitment to CNGL included a localisation 

management system (Idiom Worldserver) valued in 

excess of €300K over the life of the project. This software 

had already been delivered during the first year of the 

Centre’s operation and formed the backbone of the 

baseline CNGL Demonstrator System. 

SpeechStorm 

SpeechStorm is a solutions provider that specialises 

in integrating market leading voice platforms and 

speech recognition software with in-house application 

development expertise. The company is an SME based 

in Northern Ireland and serves a range of customers 

including multiple government agencies, utility providers 

and financial service firms. The company’s expertise 

in integrating multiple voice platforms and speech 

recognition systems is particularly relevant to the 

research work packages on Speech Technology within 

the Integrated Language Technologies track. 

SpeechStorm’s initial five-year commitment to CNGL was 

valued at €140K, which includes €80K worth of software 

services and 0.10 FTEs valued at €60K. SpeechStorm 

has to date interacted primarily through direct research 

engagements with the Speech Technology groups at 

UCD and TCD. 

Symantec 

Symantec is a global forerunner in the provision of 

solutions to help individuals and enterprises assure 

the security, availability and integrity of their digital 

information. The Symantec Shared Engineering Services 

group is responsible for company-wide localisation 

management along with on-going research and 

development efforts. 

Symantec’s primary areas of localisation-related research 

focus on machine translation, MT customer satisfaction 

studies, and techniques to enhance Rule-Based MT 

(RBMT) performance. During 2012 Symantec funded an 

additional PhD and postdoctoral research in the area of 

natural language parsing. 

Symantec’s initial commitments to CNGL have been 

exceeded, valued at €2.25M comprised of €2.0M worth 

of multiple translation memories and 2.15 FTEs valued 

at €225K. CNGL has seen additional commitments 

of content and translation memory resources from 

the company during 2012. Symantec has also helped 

the researchers with specification of use scenarios for 

Demonstrator Systems and provided cash contributions 

to further the research and development in the area 

of Domain Adaption and Personalised Multilingual 

Customer Care. 

VistaTEC 

VistaTEC is a supplier of premier quality Translation, 

Linguistic Review and other language-related business 

services to leading high-tech companies throughout 

the world. Its sophisticated service delivery platforms 

contribute significant value to customers by providing 

them with enterprise solutions which are: scalable, time 

efficient, cost effective, synergistic and innovative. 

As a prominent provider of Language Services, VistaTEC 

has committed to an extensive programme of Research 

and Development that ensures that the firm remains at 

the forefront of the localisation industry and can offer 

its customers the pinnacle of added value. VistaTEC 

is a founding Industrial Partner of the Centre for Next 

Generation Localisation. VistaTEC’s research activities 

during 2012 have centred on the area of Text Analytics 

for translation review and the company has contributed 

to this research in terms of providing large testing data 

and access to human translation quality review. This 

commitment from VistaTEC has resulted in a very 

successful commercialisation of the research.


New Industrial Partnerships 

In the past year CNGL has continued with its extensive 

programme of industry outreach, following a strategy 

of targeting specific industry verticals where CNGL has 

developed robust, rapidly transferable expertise. This 

has resulted in one-on-one discussions with an array of 

companies and a number of new industrial collaborations 

that serve to extend the reach of our activities and help 

diversify funding to complement the initial investment 

made by Science Foundation Ireland. As a result of these 

activities we were pleased to welcome Intel/McAfee, 

our as our newest industrial partner, to CNGL’s research 

consortium starting in 2013. 

The industrial outreach efforts of CNGL emphasise two 

main pillars: 

Mr. Phil Ritchie presents Digital Linguistics at the CNGL Spinout 

Showcase in September 2012 

Welocalize 

} Ireland as a centre of excellence for high-value R&D 

(top-20 globally) with a critical mass of industry 

participants and ancillary activities 

} CNGL has a critical mass of applied academic research 

expertise in localisation and related industries which is 

valuable for partners and collaborators. 

Welocalize became the tenth industrial partner of CNGL 

during 2011. Welocalize was founded in 1997, and is a 

privately-held, venture-backed company. Welocalize 

has more than 500 employees in 11 offices located 

in the USA, UK, Ireland, Germany, China and Japan. 

Clients include eight of the world’s top ten software 

and hardware companies. Welocalize provides nextgeneration 

translation supply chain management that 

delivers market-ready, translated content – when and 

where users demand – at a higher output, a faster 

pace and an affordable price. Welocalize supports 

organisations throughout the entire global content 

lifecycle, from authoring and product development, 

translation and quality assurance, to complete business 

process outsourcing and market validation. 

In conjunction with our industry outreach efforts, we 

have launched the CNGL Collaboration Framework, 

which provides mechanisms for new partners to 

engage with the Centre. This collaboration framework 

is designed to foster the flow of information among 

trusted partners while at the same time respecting the 

intellectual property obligations set forth by the CNGL 

Collaborative Research Agreement. There are three 

broad types of classified collaboration opportunities set 

out: Full Members, Collaborators and Associates. 

Figure 10: CNGL Collaboration Framework 

Welocalize’s contribution to CNGL will be in terms 

of software development resources and supporting 

researchers with access to GlobalSight, a collaborative, 

flexible and sustainable translation management system. 

Welocalize was a key supporter during 2012 of the 

successful TIDA application which secured €98K funding 

for research in the area of rapid retraining of machine 

translation systems.

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Full Members 

Full Members are both industrial and academic partners 

who have agreed to be bound by the terms of the 

CNGL Collaborative Research and IP Agreements. Full 

Membership is available on a limited basis to third 

parties, who have a long-term strategic interest in CNGL 

and the wherewithal to contribute substantial resources 

to on-going research activities within the Centre. Full 

Membership provides preferential IP access, Committee 

Membership, and direct access to researchers and staff 

within CNGL. 

Associate Members 

Associate Membership provides a springboard for 

organisations that may be interested in establishing 

deeper ties with CNGL. In exchange for a small 

membership fee, associates are granted an array of 

benefits, the most noteworthy being access to the prescreened 

CNGL publication stream. While Associates 

are not granted preferential access to IP generated in 

CNGL, it is expected that this group will play a critical 

role in the commercialisation and licensing of emerging 

technologies. 

Commercialisation 

CNGL is entering its fifth year with a rich pipeline of 

business opportunities. Previously, in order to support 

the maturation of our commercial pipeline, the 

management of CNGL placed significant emphasis on 

developing the Centre’s entrepreneurial ecosystem. In 

2012, as part of our Commercialisation Strategy, CNGL 

initiated a comprehensive outbound effort to engage 

with the broader entrepreneurial ecosystem. This effort 

was made possible through the continued support of the 

Enterprise Ireland Commercial Development Manager 

(CDM) programme. The CDM programme has provided 

CNGL with a full-time staff member who focuses 

specifically on partnering strategies, open innovation 

initiatives, fund-raising and business development 

activities within the Centre. 

Mr. Tony O’Dowd of CNGL spinout Xcelerator Machine Translations 

discusses the KantanMT product with Mr. Steve Gotz, CNGL 

Commercial Development Manager 

Collaborators 

Collaborators engage directly with CNGL on issues of 

strategic importance to them. Collaborators can be 

both industrial and academic entities that are either 

1) a CNGL Full Member who has sponsored a specific 

research project or 2) a legal entity not previously 

affiliated with CNGL. Collaborator projects are governed 

under separate and individual Collaborative Research, IP 

and Confidentiality Agreements, which provide a range 

of structural options. While collaborators operate under 

separate agreements, there is a benefit to integrating 

them under the broader CNGL umbrella, thereby 

facilitating valuable interactions and sharing of expertise. 

CNGL finished 2012 with two actively trading spinout 

companies: Xcelerator Machine Translation Solutions 

and Scream Technologies. To date these companies 

have raised a combined €1.25M in venture capital 

funding from an array of investors including Delta 

Partners, Enterprise Ireland as well as two private family 

offices. The companies are projecting the creation of 

over 25 private-sector jobs in the coming year. 

Scream Technologies 

Scream Technologies is a CNGL spinout company that 

specialises in creating synthetic voices from human 

actors, enabling companies to create human-sounding 

synthetic speech and control how it sounds. The service, 

which can run as a standalone installation, embedded 

solution or web application, has valuable applications in 

areas as diverse as video games, customer support and 

advertising.


Scream Technologies is currently located in DogPatch 

Labs Dublin, a startup incubator funded by Polaris 

Venture Partners. The company is promoted by Dr. 

Peter Cahill, a funded CNGL researcher, who joined 

the company full-time in 2012. During 2012 Dr. Cahill 

was named one of Ireland’s top technology and startup 

leaders by well-known entrepreneurs Dylan Collins and 

Sean Blanchfield. 

Xcelerator Machine Translation Solutions 

The Localisation Service Market generates over US$20BN 

in annual revenues and has a robust and resilient 

annual growth rate of 7.5%. However, while the demand 

for translation services is surging upwards, there is 

downward pressure on prices and reducing margins. This 

is coupled with a demand by customers for shortened 

turnaround cycles for translation projects (shortened 

project cycles). Essentially, clients want more for less, 

faster. 

SME Collaboration Spotlight 

Reverbeo is a startup company using technology 

to help companies of all sizes growth their global 

audience. The company’s novel technology is able 

to harvest monolingual websites, translate them 

into multiple languages using a range of services 

including machine translation, crowd-sourcing and 

professional translators, and ultimately republish 

them with minimal effort. 

During 2012, while the company participated 

in the NDRC Launchpad Programme, a team of 

CNGL researchers worked with the founders to 

help refine their minimum viable product and 

extend their product development roadmap. 

During 2013 CNGL is expanding the collaboration 

with Reverbeo, supported by Enterprise Ireland, 

and applying CNGL expertise to the challenge of 

domain-tuned machine translation systems. 

Professional translators need to explore new ways of 

improving productivity and reducing project turnaround 

times whilst maintaining exacting quality standards and 

linguistic consistency for their clients. The downward 

pressure on pricing and restraints on client budgetary 

plans makes this a daunting challenge. Xcelerator is a 

spin-out, promoted by Tony O’Dowd, which is developing 

software solutions to help professional translators 

address these challenges head-on; improving quality and 

consistency, and reducing project turnaround times and 

costs. 

Beyond startups, CNGL research and expertise 

has helped a range of external companies which 

are launching new products and services. These 

collaborations have leveraged crucial Enterprise Ireland 

funding schemes (Innovation Partnerships, Innovation 

Vouchers, Commercialisation Fund) to bridge the 

gap between research and the market. During 2012 

DigitalLinguistics, a CNGL licensee, launched its 

first product: ReviewSentinel. The product leverages 

core CNGL research in the area of text analytics to 

automatically perform linguistic quality assurance 

testing in a scalable and cost-efficient manner. 

Intellectual Property Management 

There are three agreements providing the legal 

framework in which the CNGL operates. The Funding 

Agreement outlines the financial arrangements between 

SFI and the lead institution. The IP Agreement outlines 

how IP is managed within CNGL, and the Collaborative 

Research Agreement is the all-encompassing agreement 

on how the programme is governed and managed. 

One of the core missions of CNGL is excellence in 

research, expanding the state-of-the-art through 

dissemination of research results. At the same time, 

CNGL is required to protect valuable IP and make it 

available for commercial exploitation. This needs careful 

management and our researchers operate under a 

publication code of practice. Before a paper is submitted 

to a conference it is uploaded to a publication tracking 

system and in turn emailed automatically to the CNGL 

IP Committee to review for valuable IP. CNGL is a large 

research centre that generates over 100 publications 

each year and this is one of the ways in which all 

partners and PIs can identify IP across all research tracks.

96 



Another way to identify IP is through relationship and 

event-driven audits. Formal mechanisms are in place 

such as software disclosures and invention disclosures 

and publication reviews. Nonetheless, one of the best 

ways to identify IP is through continuous engagement 

with the researchers through both informal and formal 

meetings across the four universities. This engagement 

enables the IP team to identify patterns of activity across 

the research streams before publication of material. 

This also helps to promote awareness of IP at an early 

stage before the formal disclosures and helps the 

commercialisation team to bridge any gaps between 

research and industry. 

One of the mandates of CNGL is to diversify the funding 

base through affiliate collaborations. This presents certain 

challenges with regards to IP Management. Nevertheless, 

there is a framework in place that allows us to manage 

these collaborative projects in a way that protects the 

rights of the CNGL members as well as our affiliated 

partners. This year has seen a successful application of 

this framework across multiple EU FP 7 projects, IRCSETand 

EI-funded projects and direct industry funded 

engagements. The collaboration framework is designed 

to foster the flow and control of information between the 

affiliated project and the core CNGL, while at the same 

time respecting the IP obligations set forth by the original 

CRA. 

Spinouts panel at the CNGL Spring Scientific Committee Meeting, 

which took place in Dublin in May 

To facilitate successful implementation of our 

commercialisation strategy, we have been at the forefront 

of developing internal platforms that allow us to better 

collect, identify and manage all of the IP being generated 

by our researchers. This has been evident in the roll-out 

of a new product called LabJam that is currently in Beta. 

This system is designed to provide a more detailed view 

into our research streams and activities and to give our 

industry partners and SFI visibility into our innovation 

pipeline.

Management and 

Governance


Management and Governance 

Management Overview 

The Centre for Next Generation Localisation believes 

that clear and simple Management and Governance 

structures are essential to ensure the scientific, 

commercial and operational success of the Centre. Our 

Management and Governance structures are designed to 

support a world-class research environment based on: 

} simple, effective and efficient planning and decision 

making 

} clear responsibility 

} open and transparent communication structures 

} balanced and comprehensive representation and 

involvement of all partners and stakeholders 

} provision of point of contact and procedures for 

conflict resolution 

} flexibility to respond quickly and appropriately 

to changing environments 

} structures and support for Intellectual Property 

management, Technology Transfer and commercial 

exploitation 

} regular appraisal of the scientific programme by 

international experts 

} regular appraisal of management and governance 

structures 

} reflecting best practice in management and 

governance of large collaborative research centres. 

The Centre Director, Prof. Josef van Genabith, provides 

overall scientific leadership and responsibility for 

the running of the Centre. A number of boards and 

committees support the Director in the management, 

integration and oversight of the Centre’s research and 

operations following the principles set out above. In 

particular, the research efforts of the Centre involve a 

considerable amount of cross-site collaboration and 

interdependency between our four academic and ten 

industrial partners. This requires a strong emphasis on 

cross-site coordination. 

The overall management and governance of the Centre is organised as follows: 

Figure 11: CNGL Governance and Management Structure

100 


MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE 

Research Co-Ordination 

The CNGL research programme is organised in a 

hierarchy of research tracks, work-packages, and subwork-packages. 

The four main research tracks relate 

to work in Integrated Language Technologies (ILT), 

Digital Content Management (DCM), Next Generation 

Localisation (LOC) and Systems Framework (SF). Within 

these four research tracks, the research programme is 

organised into 11 main work-packages, with individual 

research projects then organised in 50 sub-workpackages. 

Following this structure, co-ordination of the 

CNGL research activities operates across four interrelated 

levels: 

} CSET Coordination 

} Research Track Coordination 

} Main Work-package Coordination 

} Sub-Work-package Coordination 

Overall CSET Coordination is the responsibility of the 

Centre Director, Prof. Josef van Genabith. Research 

track coordination is the responsibility of the four Track 

Coordinators: 

} Integrated Language Technologies (ILT): Prof. Nick 

Campbell, TCD 

} Digital Content Management (DCM): Prof. Vincent 

Wade, TCD 

} Next Generation Localisation (LOC): Mr. Reinhard 

Schäler, UL 

} Systems Framework (SF): Dr. Saturnino Luz, TCD 

Each of the eleven main work-packages within the 

four research tracks has a work-package co-ordinator 

who liaises with the relevant research track leader. The 

structure of the four research tracks, 11 main workpackages 

and 50 individual sub-work-packages is shown 

below: 

Figure 12: CNGL Research Organisation


Integration Committee 

The CNGL research programme is highly collaborative, 

with two basic (ILT & DCM) and two applied (LOC 

& SF) research tracks and a demonstrator systems 

programme centred around shared use scenarios and 

demonstrator systems. Given the level of research coordination 

and integration across the four research tracks 

and main work-packages, and the level of integration 

involved in building demonstrator systems from research 

outputs, the CNGL Integration Committee is the main 

body dealing with the operations of the CNGL with 

particular emphasis on scientific matters. The Integration 

Committee is composed of the Centre Director (who 

chairs the committee), the Associate Director, all four 

track leaders, Prof. Julie Berndsen from UCD, and 

a representative of each industry partner to ensure 

maximum engagement of industry partners in oversight 

of the research programme. The Integration Committee 

meets on a bi-monthly schedule, with additional ad-hoc 

meetings called when necessary. 

Scientific Committee 

The CNGL Scientific Committee is comprised of all 

members of the Centre across all levels and functions. 

The full Scientific Committee typically meets twice every 

year in a two- or three-day plenary session to review and 

share research progress and outcomes. The meetings of 

the Scientific Committee also provide the opportunity 

for engagement with our International Collaborators and 

External Scientific Advisory Board. 

The inaugural CNGL Innovation Charette at the Spring Scientific 

Committee Meeting 

The CNGL Spring Scientific Meeting was held over 

two days (17th–18th May) at Chartered Accountants 

House near Trinity College Dublin. With participation 

from across the entire CSET and Industry Partners, the 

Meeting focused on discussion of the past and future 

of language and content research as well as ways to 

further catalyse collaboration with industry. The Meeting 

included presentations on key scientific areas including 

rapid-prototyping tools, personalised search using 

social media, and open-source localisation frameworks. 

It also featured demonstrations by CNGL spinout 

companies, along with a hands-on session on CNGL’s 

LabJam research activity platform, and the inaugural 

CNGL Innovation Charette. A charrette is an intense 

collaborative session designed to allow participants the 

opportunity to work together in a close setting to discuss 

real-world challenges and potential solutions. Following 

a vigorous period of interaction, each of the teams 

presented a three-minute pitch and the audience then 

had the opportunity to “invest” in the best ideas. The 

charette encouraged participants to imagine inspirational 

products that the Centre’s members could create with 

their knowledge, and it proved an excellent vehicle 

through which to foster imaginative thinking. 

CNGL researchers and industrial collaborators share their research 

highlights at the CNGL Spring Scientific Committee Meeting 

Due to significant Centre-wide planning for CNGLII 

and preparations for the CNGL Localisation Innovation 

Showcase in September, the Centre did not host an 

Autumn Scientific Committee Meeting in 2012.

102 



Operational Management 

Centre Operations Team 

The day-to-day implementation of the Centre’s 

operational decisions and policies, financial management, 

activity co-ordination, tracking and reporting is carried 

out by the Centre Operations Team in close co-operation 

with the Centre Director. The Centre Operations Team 

is led by Dr. Páraic Sheridan and meets weekly with 

the Centre Director and Deputy Director to continually 

monitor and prioritise activities across all operational 

functions, including finance, human resources, reporting, 

system administration and software and IP management. 

The composition of the Centre Operations team is as 

follows: 

} Dr. Páraic Sheridan, Associate Director 

} Ms. Hilary McDonald, Project Manager 

} Mr. Steve Gotz, Commercial Development Manager 

} Mr. Stephen Roantree, IP Manager (departed CNGL 

in Quarter 2 2012) 

} Ms. Sophie Matabaro, Centre Administrator (on 

maternity leave from September 2012) 

} Mr. Joachim Wagner, Systems Administrator 

} Ms. Fiona Maguire, Financial Administrator 

} Ms. Eithne McCann, Centre Secretary 

} Ms. Cara Greene, Education and Outreach Manager 

} Ms. Laura Grehan, Marketing and Communications 

Officer 

Mr. Stephen Roantree departed from his position as 

CNGL Intellectual Property Manager during Quarter 2, 

to take up a senior management role with Lionbridge, 

based in Dublin. Stephen now leads Lionbridge’s Quality 

and Innovation, Engineering, Testing, DTP and Web 

Publishing Groups. He continues to engage with CNGL. 

In addition to the day-to-day work of the Centre 

Operations team in executing the operational policies 

and activities of the CNGL, several Management Boards 

and Committees provide direction and prioritisation of 

the Centre’s various activities. 

Management Committee 

The Management Committee is the CNGL’s decision 

making body and provides leadership, policy, strategy, 

resource allocation, performance monitoring and 

review, management of CSET membership, and conflict 

resolution. The Management Committee meets quarterly 

and is chaired by the Centre Director. Its membership is 

made up of the Centre’s Co-Principal Investigators and, 

although Industry Partner representatives are invited to 

participate in Management Committee meetings, they 

do not hold a vote. The membership of the Management 

Committee for 2012 included: 

} Prof. Josef van Genabith, DCU (Director) [Chair] 

} Prof. Vincent Wade, TCD (Deputy Director) 

} Prof. Nick Campbell, TCD 

} Mr. Reinhard Schäler, UL 

} Dr. Saturnino Luz, TCD 

Education and Outreach Board 

The Education and Outreach Board provides leadership, 

policy and strategy, objectives and resource allocation 

for the Centre’s Education and Outreach Programme. 

The Education and Outreach Board meets quarterly 

and reports to the CNGL Management Committee. 

The Board is chaired by the Education and Outreach 

Manager, and consists of participants from the academic 

participants who have funded E&O Programmes 

(TCD and UL) and one nominee from the Industrial 

participants in the Centre. The membership of the 

Education and Outreach Board in 2012 included: 

} Ms. Cara Greene, DCU [Chair] 

} Dr. Páraic Sheridan, DCU 

} Mr. Karl Kelly, UL 

} Dr. Seamus Lawless, TCD 

} Ms. Laura Grehan, DCU 

} Dr. Fred Hollowood, Symantec


IP Management Board 

The IP Management Board manages the Intellectual 

Property of the Centre and facilitates Technology 

Transfer and commercial exploitation of IP generated 

by the Centre. The IP Management Board advises the 

Centre on all IP issues and, in particular, evaluates 

proposed publications and invention disclosures in 

accordance with the Centre’s IP agreement. The 

IP Management Board meets quarterly. The IP 

Management Board consists of nominees from each of 

the participating university and industrial partners plus 

the Centre’s Associate Director. It was chaired by the IP 

Manager, Mr. Stephen Roantree until his departure from 

CNGL to Lionbridge in Quarter 2. The IP Management 

Board membership draws on academic membership both 

from the Research Leaders (Co-PIs) and representatives 

from the respective University Technology Transfer 

Offices (TTOs). The IP Management Board reports to the 

Management Committee. 

External Oversight 

Following SFI guidelines and best practice for the 

oversight and governance of large research centres, 

CNGL has two external advisory and oversight boards 

that meet regularly to review the scientific and 

operational progress of the Centre. 

Mr. Steve Gotz, CNGL Commercial Development Manager, H.E. Mr. John 

Neary, Ambassador of Ireland to Japan, Dr. Páraic Sheridan, Associate 

Director, CNGL, and Ms. Diane Foley, IDA Ireland Deputy-Director 

Japan. CNGL delivered a seminar to Japanese businesses in Tokyo in 

April, which was hosted by the Irish Ambassador to Japan and facilitated 

by IDA Ireland’s Japan Office. 

External Scientific Advisory Board 

Mr. Stephen Roantree, previously CNGL Intellectual Property Manager, 

now with Lionbridge Dublin 

Commercialisation Committee 

The Commercialisation Committee promotes and 

oversees the agenda of research commercialisation, 

which is a core part of the Centre’s strategy. The 

Committee meets on a quarterly basis and its meetings 

are co-located with meetings of the IP Management 

Board and the Industry Advisory Board at CNGL Industry 

Partner sites. 

The External Scientific Advisory Board provides review of 

the long-term scientific direction, impact and progress of 

the Centre. It advises, challenges and provides guidance 

to the Management Committee on both the overall 

scientific goals and objectives of the Centre as well as on 

the on-going management of the Centre. The External 

Scientific Advisory Board aims to meet bi-annually and 

work in close co-operation with the Executive Committee 

and the Centre Director. The CNGL External Scientific 

Advisory Board consists of recognised world leaders from 

both academia and industry in the fields of Language 

Technology, Machine Translation, Speech, Adaptive 

Hypermedia, Information Retrieval, and Localisation. 

The External Scientific Advisory Board is chaired by an 

expert from the area of Localisation, Mr. Francis Tsang. 

Mr. Tsang is Director of Globalisation at Adobe Systems 

Inc. He is responsible for the strategy and delivery of all 

localised Adobe product releases and the development 

of tools and libraries in the internationalisation area. Mr. 

Tang has spent the last twenty years building software 

for various international markets. He holds degrees in 

computing and business management.

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The CNGL External Scientific Advisory Board actively 

participates in the bi-annual CNGL Scientific Committee 

meetings and reports back to the Centre Director 

and Management Committee. The board is currently 

composed of the following members: 

} Mr. Francis Tsang, Adobe Corporation, USA 

[Localisation] (Chair) 

} Dr. Andrew Bredenkamp, Acrolinx GmbH, Germany 

[Language Technology] 

} Prof. Lauri Karttunen, PARC, USA [Language 

Technology] 

} Prof. Makato Nagao, President, NIST, Japan 

[Machine Translation] 

} Prof. Carol Espy-Wilson, University of Maryland, USA 

[Speech Technology] 

} Prof. Peter Brusilovsky, University of Pittsburgh, USA 

[Adaptive Hypermedia] 

} Prof. Elizabeth Liddy, Syracuse University, USA 

[Information Retrieval and NLP] 

} Dr. Mike Dillinger, Principal, TOPs Globalization 

Consulting 

External Oversight Board 

In accordance with SFI requirements, the President of 

DCU as the host institution has appointed an External 

Oversight Board to help with the oversight and 

assessment of the Centre’s progress. The Oversight Board 

reports to SFI on a quarterly basis. The Oversight Board 

is composed of members drawn from a mix of academic 

partners, a representative from the CNGL Industry 

Partners, and other external independent members. 

The board currently consists of the following members: 

} Mr. David MacDonald [Chair] 

} Prof. Josef van Genabith, Centre Director 

} Prof. Alan Harvey (VP Research, DCU) 

} Prof. Vinny Cahill (Dean of Research, TCD) 

} Mr. Gearóid Mooney (Enterprise Ireland) 

} Mr. Aidan Sweeney (IBEC) 

In addition to the full members of the External 

Governance Board (which included Centre Director Prof. 

Josef van Genabith), CNGL is represented at quarterly 

meetings by: 

} Prof. Vincent Wade, Deputy Director 

} Dr. Páraic Sheridan, Associate Director 

The Oversight Board met quarterly during 2012 to review 

CNGL progress against its scientific and operational 

targets to review Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and 

report back to SFI. 

2012 Significant Accomplishments 

In the fifth year of the Centre for Next Generation 

Localisation, the following management and governance 

accomplishments have been recorded: 

} CNGL successfully passed its SFI Final Review and 

succeeded in its application for a second cycle of 

funding from SFI. The Review and funding application 

appraisal were conducted over two days in July at 

Trinity College Dublin. The review panel, which 

comprised senior figures from industry and academia, 

assessed the Centre’s performance and future 

potential on a range of criteria, including scientific 

excellence and social and economic impact. In its 

report the panel stated that “CNGL successfully built 

the infrastructure for a fully functioning, professional 

research centre, including strong capabilities in 

overall research direction, reporting, professional 

administration, outreach, budget allocation, and 

more.” The panel also acknowledged the Centre’s 

“mature change management approach” and its 

“forward-thinking, strong IP management and tech 

transfer capability”, and “was impressed by the 

educational outreach at all levels”. 

} The Centre Operations Team performed excellently 

the challenging task of final reporting for CNGLI 

alongside providing significant input into preparation 

of the CNGLII proposal and coordinating the Site Visit 

of the review panel in July. The Site Visit included an 

exhibition of posters and demos of CNGL research 

to date. This substantial additional workload was 

managed while still maintaining quality delivery of the 

day-to-day operations of the Centre and roll-out of a 

number of new initiatives in the areas of education 

and outreach, commercialisation, reporting and 

finance.


Demonstrator showcase at the CNGL SFI Site Visit in July at Trinity College Dublin 

} The Centre Operations Team has continued to adapt 

to the evolving needs of the Centre with changes in 

2012 reflecting in particular the greater emphasis on 

commercial engagement. The Associate Director and 

Commercial Development Manager spearheaded 

a coordinated campaign to attract new industrial 

collaborators. Supported by industry-facing Marketing 

and Communications resources, the campaign team 

stepped up the Centre’s presence at and input into 

key industry events in the Intelligent Content area 

and delivered pitches to high priority targets. The 

campaign has led to Intel signing up as Industry 

Partner for CNGLII and it has also generated a 

number of other promising active leads. 

Operational and Management plans for the coming 

year focus on ensuring smooth transition to CNGL’s 

second cycle of funding. Priorities include rollout of 

the Centre’s novel research programme centred on the 

Global Intelligent Content theme, attracting talented new 

recruits at all levels, establishing the Centre’s new Design 

and Innovation Lab, finalising and signing off on renewed 

IP and collaborative research agreements, and securing 

additional industry partners. There will also be significant 

input from the Centre Operations team into the running 

of SIGIR 2013 – The 36th Annual Conference of the ACM 

Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval. CNGL 

will co-host SIGIR 2013 in Dublin in July-August 2013. 

} The ‘Localisation Innovation Showcase’ event 

collocated in Limerick with the LRC Annual 

Conference in September was a huge success, 

drawing in more than 70 industry representatives 

from companies based in Ireland and abroad. The 

Showcase event included 10 individual stations of 

CNGL demonstrator systems as well as a multitude 

of research posters, industry partner booths, and 

display of education and outreach activities.

Education and Outreach


Education and Outreach 

The CNGL Education and Outreach Programme 

encompasses a broad range of activities from internal 

communications and professional development, public 

relations and marketing to public-facing projects and 

education programmes to foster the next generation of 

professionals in content-related industries. We aim to 

raise the profile of scientific research within Ireland by 

highlighting education and career opportunities in key 

areas in the content field. Through CNGL carrying out 

world-class research and commercialisation activities, 

we are promoting Ireland as a global leader in the 

localisation industry. Below is an overview of activities 

under each Programme. 

Overview of CNGL Education and Outreach 

Reach and Impact 

Education and Human Capital Development 

Strategic Marketing and Communications 


The aim of our Education Programme is to provide 

education and promote career opportunities in key areas 

of content intelligence, computer science and language 

technology. We aim to engage young people in these 

areas to build a strong Irish base of future computer 

scientists in content related industries. 

CNGL offers a comprehensive programme of education 

programmes aimed at all age-groups ranging from 

courses for primary school students, secondary 

school programmes, undergraduate and postgraduate 

programmes, to internal professional development for 

our CNGL researchers and staff. Above is an overview 

of the education programme’s aims for each target level. 


Highlights from 2012 

Fourth Level Education: CNGL supports a number of 

seminar series across individual component research 

disciplines, including a popular series with the National 

Centre for Language Technology, seminars hosted by 

each of the member research groups and the Dublin 

Computational Linguistics Research Seminars series. 

CNGL operates internal member-focused training 

programmes on presentation skills, Intellectual Property, 

commercialisation and entrepreneurship and project 

management. CNGL also provides “101” sessions for all 

staff on key CNGL topics. PhD students are also given 

opportunities to undertake an internship with industry 

partners. 

Eleven visiting MSc and PhD interns joined ILT 

over a period of five months in 2012, under CNGL’s 

postgraduate internship programme. The programme 

enables students to gain valuable experience as part of a 

highly-regarded and continually-growing research centre. 

This year’s programme attracted interns from institutions 

across the globe, including Italy, France, China and India. 

The internships covered a wide range of topics in Natural 

Language Processing and Machine Translation. 

Education Programme Aims and Targets 

Encourage ICT and Language awareness 

Promote study of STEM disciplines 

Promote focus on CNGL 

research topics 

Preparing graduates 

for careers 

Career Opportunities 

Primary Level 

Second Level 

Third Level 

Fourth Level 

In partnership with DCU and the National Centre for 

Language Technology, CNGL was successful in a Marie 

Curie Mobility grant application for the EXPERT PhD 

Graduate School with a total of 15 PhD Marie Curie 

fellowships (two of them at DCU) and three postdoctoral 

researchers. EXPERT comprises DCU and five other 

university partners and five industry partners. It focuses 

on empirical approaches to (machine) translation, and 

as part of their training PhD students will spend time at 

DCU’s EXPERT university and industry partners.

108 


EDUCATION AND OUTREACH 

Table 1 

Project name Student Supervisor Track 

Using Biometric Response to Locate Personally Interesting Digital Content Robert Lis Liadh Kelly DCM 

Implementing new methods for speech retrieval Tom Mason Liadh Kelly DCM 

Exploring Personalised and Collaborative Information Retrieval Paul Redmond Liadh Kelly DCM 

Visualisation of Topic Models Conor O’Gorman Liadh Kelly DCM 

Crowd-sourcing for query development and relevance judgment Ciaran Porter Liadh Kelly DCM 

Communications and Education Siobhan O’Mara Cara Greene/ 

Laura Grehan 

E&O 

Facial recognition for real-time content personalisation (Kinect) Thomas Dunne Steve Gotz CM 

Facial recognition for real-time content personalisation (Kinect) Emer Hedderman Steve Gotz CM 

Building ontology-based content management (OCM) system 

James Mark 

Hender 

Yalemisew 

Abgaz 

DCM 

Generation of interactive infographics from Semantic and Open Data Erika Duriakova Alex O’Connor DCM 

Yodle – Generating Presentations from Wikipedia Alla Kovaleva Alex O’Connor DCM 

Query-biased summarization Shane McQuillan Gareth Jones DCM 

Communications and Education Siobhan Swords Cara Greene/ 

Laura Grehan 

E&O 

Real-time Web Annotation Kristo Mikkonen Dominic Jones E&O 

Economic Commission for Africa at its Information 

Training Centre for Africa in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

The aim of the programme is to promote African 

languages in the Information Society. 

Finally, the LRC Best Thesis Award 2012 was presented 

in September to former CNGL PhD student Ben 

Steichen for his thesis “Adaptive Retrieval, Composition 

& Presentation of Closed-Corpus and Open-Corpus 

Information”. Katrin Drescher of Award-sponsors 

Symantec praised the scientific excellence and industrial 

relevance of Ben’s work. 

Ms. Aida Opoku-Mensah of the United Nations Economic Commission 

for Africa (UNECA) speaks at the launch of University of Limerick’s MSc 

in Multilingual Computing and Localisation to be co-hosted by UNECA 

in Ethiopia. 

Another exciting development on the fourth level 

education front was the announcement in November 

that University of Limerick’s MSc in Multilingual 

Computing and Localisation is to be delivered through 

distance learning and co-hosted by the United Nations 

Third Level Education: The CNGL Undergraduate 

Internship Programme continued to attract top students 

in 2012. The primary aim of the CNGL undergraduate 

internship is to offer exceptional undergraduate students 

the opportunity to participate in and contribute to 

exciting research projects at CNGL. The programme 

enables interns to use leading research facilities and 

we aim to inspire these students to take the first step 

on a path to a research career. It is also an important 

opportunity to promote taught Masters programmes 

at CNGL universities and to host interns at our


industrial partners. The internships consist of INTRA/ 

Co-op placements for 6 months, and 8-week summer 

internships. Many of those interns go on to do CNGLthemed 

third and fourth year projects with CNGL 

supervisors. 

CNGL hosted ten undergraduate interns across a wide 

range of research areas. Table 1 shows the list of 2012 

Undergraduate Summer internships. 

CNGL is currently creating an online graduate brochure 

aimed at third level students with information on the 

Taught Masters and PhD programmes available in each 

of the CNGL universities. The brochure also includes 

profiles of our graduated PhD students and former 

postdoctoral researchers. The profiles detail CNGL 

alumni education and career paths since graduating 

from CNGL. 

Some of the 450 second level students completed the CNGL-supported 

‘ComputeTY’ programme at DCU in January 2012 

CNGL continued to support the ComputeTY 2012 

Programme in DCU. ComputeTY students select 

one of two streams: Web Design or Introduction to 

Programming. The overall content offers a broad 

range of computing skills from the creative aspect of 

website design to the problem-solving challenges of the 

programming stream. 450 students attended the course 

over 4 weeks in January 2012 with the same number due 

to complete the course in January 2013. Since its launch 

in 2005, ComputeTY has been completed by almost 

3,500 Transition Year students from Dublin schools. 

The programme has a strong track record of recruiting 

students to study computing at third level. 

CNGL’s undergraduate interns showcase the outcomes of their work 

at a poster and demo display at DCU 

Second Level Education: Secondary school students are 

a key demographic for the education programme with 

more than 1,500 secondary school students engaging 

with CNGL education programmes and competitions. 

CNGL aims to attract students to study fields related to 

content intelligence by running programmes that foster 

key problem-solving skills that are needed for 

this industry. 

The outstanding success of the Education Programme is 

the CNGL All Ireland Linguistics Olympiad (AILO). Over 

3,500 secondary school students from 167 schools in 

the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland have taken 

part in AILO since the first competition in 2009. The 

competition challenges secondary school students to 

apply logic and computational thinking to solve complex 

puzzles in unfamiliar languages. Past participants have 

gone on to pursue studies in computer science, maths 

and linguistics at third level, which suggests that the 

competition is meeting its goal of fostering the next 

generation of problem solvers. 

More than 400 students from 44 schools in 23 counties 

competed in the preliminary round of AILO 2012. The top 

100 performers were allocated a CNGL researcher, who 

acted as a tutor for the national final in March at DCU.

110 



The top four individual students went on to represent 

Ireland at the International Linguistics Olympiad (ILO) in 

Slovenia in July 2012. 

Also targeting the second level market is CNGL’s 

Language Trap: An Adaptive Language Learning Video 

Game. The game was initially designed to aid students 

in preparing for the Leaving Certificate German Oral 

Examinations by means of an iteractive dialogue 

system. The Irish language version of the game has 

been evaluated with schools. The German game is now 

available on http://seriousgames.cs.tcd.ie/. 

CNGL promoted its research and education programmes at the SFI 

booth at the BY Young Scientist & Technology Exhibition in January 

Education Programme plans for 2013 will focus on 

the transition to a second cycle of funding for CNGL, 

in which the Centre will pioneer the concept “Global 

Intelligent Content”. Opportunities in this area include 

app competitions for secondary school students, and 

establishing a Masters programme in Intelligent Content. 


Ms. Mary Mitchell-O’Connor, T.D. attended the national final of the All 

Ireland Lingusitics Olympiad at DCU. Deputy Mitchell-O’Connor urged 

students to use their aptitude for problem-solving to pursue careers at 

the intersection of computing, language and linguistics 

The CNGL Education Programmes are complemented 

by Transition Year internships in the CNGL labs and 

by the high-quality Careers Brochure focused on the 

commercial career opportunities at the intersection of 

Computing, Languages, Culture and Business. The guide 

was distributed to guidance counsellors in 729 secondary 

schools. CNGL exhibited at the BT Young Scientist 2012 

competition in the RDS in January 2012. Students got 

the chance to try out demos and also test their problemsolving 

skills with AILO puzzles. 

CNGL’s Outreach Programme aims to highlight CNGL 

achievements, to engage with the public and to promote 

Ireland as a world leader in localisation. The programme 

spans public relations and marketing, to hosting industry 

and academic events, publishing ‘Localisation Focus – the 

International Journal of Localisation’, and attending the 

BT Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition. 


Higlights from 2012 

CNGL has raised its media profile with 84 media 

mentions recorded in 2012. The CNGL newsletter 

was published on quarterly basis and has proved an 

effective means through which to communicate CNGL 

news, events, success stories and researcher profiles to 

government, media, industry and academic stakeholders.


VOL 01 ISSUE 

07 

QUARTER 2 2012 

Mr. Steve Gotz, CNGL 

Commercial Development 

Manager, H.E. Mr. John 

Neary, Ambassador of 

Ireland to Japan, Dr. 

Páraic Sheridan, Associate 

Director, CNGL, and Ms. 

Diane Foley, IDA Ireland 

Deputy-Director Japan 

CNGLNews 

News 

QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE CENTRE FOR NEXT GENERATION LOCALISATION (CNGL) 

this issue 

Headline News P.1-3 

Partnerships & Commercialisation P.4-5 

Education & Outreach P.6 

Research Track Updates P.7-8 

News: In Brief P.9 

CNGL People P.10 

Conferences & Workshops P.11-12 

Upcoming Events P.13 

Irish Ambassador to Japan hosts CNGL Seminar in Tokyo 

T 

Subscribe to 

CNGLNews! 

represented at the event by Mr. Steve 

he Centre for Next Generaon Localisaon (CNGL) delivered a with Dai Nippon Prinng (DNP). The Tokyo seminar aracted representaves from a further 14 Japanese-based 

Gotz, CNGL’s Commercial Development 

Manager. The seminar concluded 

with a networking recepon, which 

seminar to Japanese businesses companies, who were 

“The event aracted 

produced some promising leads. 

in Tokyo in April, which was hosted by the Irish Ambassador to Japan and officially welcomed by H.E. 

Mr. John Neary, many new contacts for 

Japan” 

Mr. Derek Fitzgerald of IDA Ireland 

aracted 

commented that the event facilitated by IDA Ireland’s Japan Office. Ambassador of Ireland to IDA Ireland in variety of high-level 

a good professionals and, in many cases, 

Japan. 

The event, which was held at the aimed to 

these were new contacts for IDA 

residence, Mr. Derek Fitzgerald, IDA 

Ambassador’s Ireland in Japan. 

highlight opportunies for Japanese companies to engage with CNGL’s team of more than 150 researchers and to reinforce Ireland’s status as a world and Ireland Director Japan and 

Ms. Diane Foley, IDA Ireland Deputy-Director Japan presented an overview of Irish research and development. 

The seminar marked the start of a 

series of meengs which CNGL aended 

with individual companies, including 

leader in the fields of localisaon Dr. Páraic Sheridan, CNGL Associate partner DNP, in Japan over two weeks in 

global content. 

Director, introduced aendees to CNGL’s 

also April. 

CNGL already has strong links with research programme. CNGL was Japan through its industry partnership C 

- Mr. Derek Fitzgerald, 

IDA Ireland Director, Japan 

CNGL: Contributing to a Strategic Research Agenda for Europe 

CNGL Director advocates support of technologies for data access across languages 

assessing the key 

aended by 1,150 delegates. A further 4,000 idenfying and challenges to delivering the benefits of a 

NGL is influencing Europe’s 

people followed through live web stream and through digital society and economy to Europe’s 

23 

strategic research agenda 

more than 1,000 contributed acvely cizens”, says van Genabith. “With through its engagement with 

official languages in the EU alone, it is 

the Digital Agenda for Europe iniave. 

social media. 

vital that we connue to develop 

Digital Agenda 

Headed by European Nellie Kroes, Digital Agenda is 

technologies to enable cizens and 

CNGL Director, Prof. Josef van Genabith last month addressed the European Commission’s Digital Agenda Assembly 2012 (DAA12) on the Commissioner Europe’s strategy for a flourishing digital 

economy by 2020. It outlines policies and 

to maximise the benefits of the Digital 

companies to access digital content in 

their own language”, adds van Genabith. 

A recorded stream of DAA12 will be 

substanal benefits to be derived from of advanced 

acons Revoluon for all, and will help to shape the 

Programme for 

available shortly at daa.ec.europa.eu 

the development for the access and EU’s Horizon 2020 Framework Innovaon. 

technologies exploitaon of data across languages. The Assembly, which was hosted in 

Brussels on 21st-22nd June, was Research and “CNGL is among the stakeholders involved in 

www.cngl.ie 

1 

The Centre’s international reach has been enhanced 

through closer engagement with international 

organisations including the Globalization and 

Localization Association (GALA). A new industry 

prospectus is in production, and this will support the 

Centre’s drive to attract additional industry partners and 

clients. 

The CNGL quarterly newsletter, available in both e-zine and print format 

The Marketing and Communications Officer has worked 

closely with the Centre’s Commercial Development 

Manager to strenghten industry outreach efforts. 

Significant progress has been made on the customer 

relationship management front, including further 

development of CNGL’s mailing list, which now includes 

over 2,000 subscribers. CNGL exhibited at a significant 

number of industry and commercialisation events, 

including Localization World (in Seattle, USA in October), 

DCU Tech Transfer Exhibition in June, and Enterprise 

Ireland’s ‘Big Ideas’ showcase in November. CNGL also 

presented a panel on Global Content Intelligence at 

the Gilbane Conference in Boston in November, and a 

seminar for Japanese Business which was hosted by the 

Ambassador of Ireland to Japan and supported by IDA 

Ireland Japan in April. 

CNGL booth at Localization World Seattle in October 

CNGL continued to host conferences and workshops 

for the international research community this year 

in the computational linguistics, digital content 

management and localisation areas. The 17th 

Annual LRC Internationalisation and Localisation 

Conference took place in Limerick in September 

with 70 participants from localisation companies and 

academia. The conference was collocated with the 

2012 CNGL Localisation Innovation Showcase, which 

has now been established as a “must attend” event 

for professionals in Ireland involved in localistion and 

multilingual customer care. The keynote address was 

this year delivered by Dr. Thomas Arend, International 

Product Lead at Twitter. 

Irish Times coverage of CNGL’s work on sign language machine 

translation(left) and opinion piece by Prof. Josef van Genabith in the 

Irish Independent (right)

112 



Feature on localisation careers in ‘Education’ magazine 

CNGL’s Localisation Innovation Showcase was collocated with the 17th 

Annual LRC Internationalisation and Localisation Conference in Limerick 

Other significant scientific events organised by CNGL in 

2012 include the Interntational Postgraduate Conference 

in Translating and Interpreting, the Workshop on 

Innovation and Applications in Speech Technology, 

and the Workshop on Best Practices in Post-editing 

(in assocation with the Translation Automation Users’ 

Society) at Localization World in Paris. The Centre 

was successful in its bid to bring COLING 2014, one of 

the world’s largest and most influential computational 

linguistics conferences, to Dublin in 2014. 

CNGL’s strong second-level education programmes were 

this year strengthened significantly by the production 

of a guide to ‘Careers in Next Generation Localisation’. 

This high-quality brochure focuses on commercial 

career opportunities at the intersection of Computing, 

Languages, Culture and Business. The guide was 

distributed to guidance counsellors in 729 secondary 

schools and has generated over 1,400 unique views 

of our careers web page to date. The brochure was 

launched in February by Mr. Seán Sherlock, T.D., Minister 

for Research and Innovation, and generated substantial 

media interest including spreads in ‘Education’ magazine 

and ‘Guideline’ – the official magazine of the Institute of 

Guidance Counsellors. 

The social impact of CNGL’s research programmes 

is evident in its social spinout activity, The Rosetta 

Foundation. The Foundation now has more than 2,600 

registered volunteer translators and the number of NGO 

partners increased fourfold during 2012, allowing it to 

further its goal of facilitating access to information and 

knowledge to those who really need it. The Rosetta 

Foundation’s first NGO partner, Special Olympics – the 

world’s largest sports organisation for children and adults 

with intellectual disabilities – remained the most active in 

2012, with over fifty translation projects submitted. Other 

partners benefitting from the work of the Foundation’s 

volunteers include Community Eye Journal, The World 

Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, Ruhama and 

Trócaire. 

Mr. Seán Sherlock T.D., Minister for Research and Innovation and Prof 

Josef van Genabith, Director of CNGL pictured at the launch of CNGL’s 

Next Generation Localisation careers guide in February


CNGL coordinated Thesis in Three 2012 with the 

Systems Biology Ireland and CLARITY research centres. 

The aim of the competition is for PhD students to give 

an elevator pitch for the PhD thesis. Three slides in 

just three minutes. On the night, centre directors and 

principal investigators also delivered elevator pitches for 

their research centres. The event, held in collaboration 

with Innovation Dublin, attracted an audience of more 

than two hundred. The night celebrated the best of Irish 

science and innovation in bite-sized chunks. 

Plans for 2013 

Strategic marketing and communication plans for 2013 

will focus on the transition to a second cycle of funding 

for CNGL, in which the Centre will pioneer the concept 

“Global Intelligent Content”. Creation of a new brand 

for CNGL is already underway. This brand will reflect 

the broadening of the Centre’s research programme and 

will reflect the Centre’s greater emphasis on industrial 

engagement. A new website that communicates our 

vision of global intelligent content is in train, and the new 

branding will be rolled out across a suite of marketing 

materials designed to support business development 

efforts. 

Significant events planned for 2013 include SIGIR 

2013 – the 36th Annual ACM SIGIR Conference, which 

CNGL will co-host in July/August 2013, and Think Latin 

America, which will take place at Carton House, Kildare 

in April 2013. 

Jonathan McCrea, host of Newstalk’s ‘Futureproof’ show, is MC 

for Thesis in 3

Appendices


Appendix 1: People and Partnerships 

CSET RESEARCH TEAMS 

Team Members Associated with the CSET During the Reporting Period 

First 

Name 

Surname Type Institution Research 

Strand 

Highest 

Degree 

Gender Nationality CSET 

Funded 

Supervisor 

Yalemisew Abgaz PhD DCU DCM MSc M Ethiopian Yes Dr Claus Pahl 

Mohamed Abou-Zleikha PhD UCD ILT MSc M Syrian Yes Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

Zeeshan Ahmed PhD UCD ILT MSc M Pakistani Yes Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

Dimitra Anastasiou Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Lamine Aouad Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Ruwan 

Asanka 

Wasala 

UL LOC PhD F Greek Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

UL LOC PhD M Algerian Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

PhD UL LOC MSc M Sri Lankan No Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Akshat Bakliwal PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Indian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Renu Balyan PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Indian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Pratyush Banerjee PhD DCU ILT MSc M Indian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Jonathan Barr Graphics 

Designer 

DCU E&O BA M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Hanna Béchara PhD DCU ILT BA F Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Urvesh Bhowan Research 

Assistant 

TCD DCM MSc M South Afican Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Arianna Bisazza PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Italian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Anton Bryl Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU ILT PhD M Belarussian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Jim Buckley Co-Supervisor UL LOC PhD M Irish No N/A 

Joao Cabral Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Nick Campbell Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Julie 

Carson- 

Berndsen 

Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Özlem Çetinoglu Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

UCD ILT PhD M Portugese Yes Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

TCD ILT PhD M British No N/A 

UCD ILT DPhil F Irish No N/A 

DCU ILT PhD F Turkish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Yi Chen PhD DCU DCM MSc F Chinese Yes Dr Gareth Jones 

Yvonne Cleary Co-Supervisor UL LOC PhD F Irish No N/A 

JJ Collins Co-Supervisor UL LOC PhD M Irish No N/A 

Declan Dagger Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD DCM PhD M Irish Yes Prof Vincent Wade

116 


APPENDIX 1: PEOPLE AND PARTNERSHIPS 

First 

Name 


Strand 

Sandipan Dandapat Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Domenico De Feo Research 

Assistant 

Gavin Doherty Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

Supervisor 

DCU ILT PhD M Indian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

TCD DCM MSc M Italian Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

TCD SF PhD M Irish No N/A 

Amelie Dorn PhD TCD ILT MSc F French Yes Prof Ailbhe Ní 

Chasaide 

Thomas Dunne Intern DCU CM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Erika Duriak Intern TCD DCM UnderGrad F Slovakian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Mohammed 

Rami 

ElHussein 

Ghorab 

Martin Emms Co-Principal 

Investigator 

PhD TCD DCM MSc M Egyptian Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

TCD ILT PhD M Irish No N/A 

Maria Eskevich PhD DCU DCM Msc F Russian Yes Prof Gareth Jones 

Chris Exton Co-Supervisor UL LOC PhD M Australian/Irish No N/A 

David Filip Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

UL LOC PhD M Czech Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Ríona Finn Administrative DCU CM MSc F Irish Yes N/A 

Hector Hugo Franco Penya PhD TCD ILT BSc M Spanish Yes Dr Martin Emms 

Brian Gallagher Technician TCD DCM MSc M Irish Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Debasis Ganguly PhD DCU DCM MTech M Indian Yes Dr Gareth Jones 

Solomon Gizaw PhD UL LOC MSc M Ethiopian Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Christer Gobl Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Yvette Graham Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD ILT PhD M American No N/A 

DCU ILT PhD F Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Cara Nicole Greene E&O Manager DCU E&O BSc F Irish Yes N/A 

Laura Grehan Marketing and 

Communications 

Officer 

Alfredo 

Guerra 

Maldonado 

DCU E&O MSc F Irish Yes N/A 

PhD TCD ILT BSc M Mexican/Irish Yes Dr Carl Vogel 

Rajat Gupta PhD UL LOC BSc M Indian Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Yanfen Hao Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

UCD DCM PhD M Chinese Yes Dr Tony Veale 

Geraldine Harrahill Administrative UL CM FETAC F Irish Yes N/A 

Emer Hedderman Intern DCU CM UnderGrad F Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

James Mark Hender Intern DCU DCM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Yu Hui PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Chinese Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Muhammad Javed PhD DCU DCM MSc M Pakistani Yes Dr Claus Pahl


First 

Name 


Strand 

Gareth Jones Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

DCU DCM PhD M British No N/A 

Supervisor 

Amir Kamran PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Indian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

John Kane PhD TCD ILT MPhil M Irish Yes Prof Ailbhe Ní 

Chasaide 

Mark Kane PhD UCD ILT MSc M Irish Yes Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

Bridget Kane Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD SF PhD F Irish Yes Dr Saturnino Luz 

Karl Kelly Administrative UL E&O Grad Dip M Irish Yes N/A 

Dorothy Kenny Co-Principal 

Investigator 

DCU ILT PhD F Irish No N/A 

Kevin Koidl PhD TCD DCM MSc M Irish Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Alla Kovaleva Intern TCD DCM UnderGrad F Kazakhstan Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Ru Kuang PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Chinese Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Sudip Kumar Naskar Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Séamus Lawless Assistant 

Professor 

DCU ILT PhD M Indian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

TCD DCM PhD M Irish Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Madeleine Lenker PhD UL LOC MA F German Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Killian Levacher PhD TCD DCM MSc M French/Irish Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Johannes Leveling Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

David Lewis Funded 

Investigator 

DCU DCM PhD M German Yes Dr Gareth Jones 

TCD SF PhD M English Yes N/A 

Wei Li PhD DCU DCM MSc F Chinese Yes Dr Gareth Jones 

Junhui Li Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU ILT PhD M Chinese Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Robert Lis Intern DCU DCM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Qun Liu Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Luca Longa Research 

Assistant 

Alejandra 

Lopez 

Fernandez 

DCU ILT PhD M Chinese No N/A 

TCD DCM MSc M Italian Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

PhD UCD DCM MSc F Mexican Yes Dr Tony Veale 

Juan Luo PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Chinese Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Saturnino Luz Co-Principal 

Investigator 

TCD SF PhD M Brazilian No N/A 

Gerard Lynch PhD TCD ILT MSc M Irish Yes Dr Carl Vogel 

Gerard Lynch PhD TCD ILT MSc M Irish Yes Dr. Carl Vogel 

Walid Magdy Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU DCM PhD M Egyptian Yes Dr Gareth Jones

118 



First 

Name 


Strand 

Fiona Maguire Finance 

Administrative 

Liliana 

Mamani- 

Sanchez 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

DCU CM CIMA F Irish Yes N/A 

Supervisor 

PhD TCD ILT MSc F Peruvian Yes Dr Carl Vogel 

Tom Mason Intern DCU DCM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Sophie Matabaro Centre 

Administrative 

DCU CM F Irish Yes N/A 

John McAuley PhD TCD SF MPhil M Irish Yes Dr David Lewis 

Eithne McCann PA to Director DCU E&O National 

Cert 

F Irish Yes N/A 

Hilary McDonald Project Manager TCD CM MSc F Irish Yes N/A 

Shane McQuillan Intern DCU DCM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Kristos Mikkonen Intern TCD E&O UnderGrad M Finnish Yes Dr David Lewis 

Jinming Min PhD DCU DCM MSc M Chinese Yes Dr Gareth Jones 

Joss Moorkens Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Lucía 

Morado 

Vásquez 

DCU LOC PhD M Irish Yes Dr Sharon O’Brien 

PhD UL LOC MSc F Spanish Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

John Moran PhD TCD SF BSc M Irish Yes Dr David Lewis 

Erwan Moreau Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD ILT PhD M French Yes Dr Carl Vogel 

Aram Morera Mesa PhD UL LOC Grad Dip M Spanish Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Sara Morrissey Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU ILT PhD F Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Catherine Mulwa PhD TCD DCM MSc F Kenyan Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Dat Tien Nguyen PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Vietnamese Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Dat Quoc Nguyen PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Vietnamese Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Ailbhe Ní Chasaide Co-Principal 

Investigator 

TCD ILT PhD F Irish No N/A 

Neasa Ní Chiaráin PhD TCD ILT MSc F Irish Yes Prof Ailbhe Ní 

Chasaide 

Naoto Nishio PhD UL LOC Grad Dip M Japanese Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Conor O Gorman Intern DCU DCM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Siobhan O Mara Research 

Assistant 

Sharon O’Brien Co-Principal 

Investigator 

DCU E&O BA F Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

DCU ILT PhD F Irish No N/A 

Eoin Ó’Conchuir Technician UL CM PhD M Irish Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Alexander O’Connor Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD DCM PhD M Irish Yes Prof Vincent Wade


First 

Name 

Udochukwu 

Kalu 


Strand 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

Supervisor 

Ogbureke PhD UCD ILT MPhil M Nigerian Yes Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

Ian O’Keeffe Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Declan O’Sullivan Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Claus Pahl Co-Principal 

Investigator 

UL LOC PhD M Irish Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

TCD DCM PhD M Irish No N/A 

DCU DCM PhD M German No N/A 

Santanu Pal PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M Indian Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Ciaran Porter Intern DCU DCM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Enda Quigley PhD UL LOC BSc M Irish Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Paul Redmond Intern DCU DCM UnderGrad M Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Corentin Ribeyre PhD Intern DCU ILT MSc M French Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Stephen Roantree IP Manager DCU CM Grad Dip M Irish Yes N/A 

Ilana Rozanes PhD TCD SF MSc F American Yes Dr Saturnino Luz 

Lorcan Ryan PhD UL LOC MSc M Irish Yes Mr Reinhard Schäler 

Melike Sah Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Reinhard Schäler Lead Principal 

Investigator 

TCD DCM PhD F Cypriot Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

UL LOC MSc M German No N/A 

Stephan Schlögl PhD TCD SF MSc M Austrian Yes Dr Saturnino Luz 

Anne Schneider PhD TCD SF BSc F German Yes Dr Saturnino Luz 

Mary Sharp Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Páraic Sheridan Associate 

Director 

TCD DCM BSc F Irish No N/A 

DCU CM PhD M Irish Yes N/A 

Harold Somers E&O DCU E&O PhD M British Yes N/A 

Brendan Spillane PhD TCD DCM MSc M Irish Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Ben Steichen Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD DCM PhD M Luxembourgish Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Siobhan Swords Intern DCU E&O UnderGrad F Irish Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Eva Szekely PhD UCD ILT MA F Hungarian Yes Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

Josef van Genabith Lead Principal 

Investigator 

Tony Veale Co-Principal 

Investigator 

Carl Vogel Co-Principal 

Investigator 

DCU CM PhD M German Yes N/A 

UCD DCM PhD M Irish No N/A 

TCD ILT PhD M American No N/A 

Joris Vreeke Programmer DCU E&O M Dutch Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith

120 



First 

Name 


Strand 

Vincent Wade Lead Principal 

Investigator 

Joachim Wagner Systems 

Administrator 

Andy Way Lead Principal 

Investigator 

Xiaofeng Wu Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Irena Yanushevskaya Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

TCD DCM PhD M Irish No N/A 

Supervisor 

DCU CM MA M German Yes Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

DCU ILT PhD M British No N/A 

DCU ILT PhD M Chinese Yes Prof Josef Van 

Genabith 

TCD ILT PhD F Russian Yes Prof Ailbhe Ní 

Chasaide 

Amalia Zahra PhD UCD ILT BSc F Indonesian Yes Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

Dong Zhou Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD DCM PhD M Chinese Yes Prof Vincent Wade 

Affiliated Members and Collaborators Not Receving Funds 

First 

Name 


Strand 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

Supervisor 

Hala Al Maghout Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Mohammed Attia Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU Affiliated PhD F Syrian No Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Egyptian No Prof Josef Van 

Genabith 

Eoin Bailey PhD TCD Affiliated MSc M Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Ergun Bicicci Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Peter Cahill Co-Principal 

Investigator 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Cypriot No Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

UCD Affiliated PhD M Irish No Prof Julie Carson- 

Berndsen 

Oscar Cassetti PhD TCD Affiliated MSc M Italian No Dr Saturnino Luz 

Alexandru Ceausu Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Romanian No Dr Páraic Sheridan 

Yi Chen PhD DCU Affiliated PhD F Chinese No Prof Gareth Jones 

Owen Conlan Assistant Professor TCD Affiliated PhD M Irish No NA 

Seamus Coogan Marketing Lead TCD Affiliated BSc M Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Stephen Curran Research 

Assistant/ 

Programmer 

Aswarth Dara Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Stephen Doherty Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD Affiliated MSc M Irish Yes Dr David Lewis 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Indian No Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Irish No Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

David Faherty Research Assistant TCD Affiliated BSc M Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Leroy Finn Programmer TCD Affiliated MSc M Irish No Dr David Lewis 

Frank Fowley Research Assistant DCU Affiliated MSc M Irish No Dr Claus Pahl 

Manisha Ganguly Programmer DCU Affiliated F Indian No Prof Gareth Jones


First 

Name 


Strand 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

Supervisor 

Federico Gaspari Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Anton Gerdelan Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Lorraine Goeuriot Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Steve Gotz Commercialisation 

Manager 

Declan Groves Research 

Integration Officer 

Cormac Hampson Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Deirdre Hogan Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Dominic Jones Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

John Judge Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Liadh Kelly Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Italian No Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

TCD Affiliated PhD M New Zealand No Dr Dave Lewis 

DCU Affiliated MSc F French No Dr Gareth Jones 

DCU Affiliated MSc M American No N/A 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Irish No N/A 

TCD Affiliated PhD M No Prof Vincent Wade 

DCU Affiliated Phd F Irish No N/A 

TCD Affiliated MSc M British No Dr David Lewis 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Irish No Prof Josef Van 

Genabith 

DCU Affiliated MSc F Irish No Dr Gareth Jones 

Alex Killen Programmer DCU Affiliated BSc M Irish No Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Kris McGlinn Research Assistant TCD Affiliated MSc M Irsh No Dr David Lewis 

Brenda McGuirk Project 

Co-ordinator 

TCD Affiliated F Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Gavin 

Mendel- 

Gleeson 

Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Irish No Dr Deirdre Hogan 

Sebastian Molines Research Assistant TCD Affiliated MSc M French Yes Dr David Lewis 

Adam Moore Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD Affiliated PhD M Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Lynda O Donovan Pedagogical Lead TCD Affiliated MSc F Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Ian O’Keeffe Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD Affiliated PhD M Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Tsuyoshi Okita PhD DCU Affiliated MSc M Japanese No Prof Josef Van 

Genabith 

Neil Peirce Research Assistant TCD Affiliated PhD M Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Raphael Rubino Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Rasoul Samad Zadeh Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU Affiliated PhD M French No Dr Jennifer Foster 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Iranian No Dr Jennifer Foster 

Eduardo Shanahan Programmer DCU Affiliated BSc M Argentina No Prof Josef van 

Genabith 

Ankit Srivastava Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Indian No Prof Josef van 

Genabith

122 



First 

Name 


Strand 

Highest 

Degree 


Funded 

Supervisor 

Thanos Staikopolous Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

John Tinsley Project Coordinator 

Antonio Toral Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Lamia Tounsi Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD Affiliated PhD M Greek No Prof Vincent Wade 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Irish No Dr Páraic Sheridan 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Spanish No Prof Andy Way 

DCU Affiliated PhD F Algerian No Prof Josef Van 

Genabith 

Eddie Walsh PhD TCD Affiliated MSc M Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

Rachel Wrafter Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

Lei Xu Postdoctoral 

Researcher 

TCD Affiliated PhD F Irish No Prof Vincent Wade 

DCU Affiliated PhD M Chinese No Dr Claus Pahl 

Hong Yi Wang Research Assistant DCU Affiliated BSc F Chinese No Dr Deirdre Hogan 

Bilal Yousuf PhD TCD Affiliated MSc M No Prof Vincent Wade 

Jian Zhang Technician DCU Affiliated BSc M Chinese No Dr Páraic Sheridan 

Industry Partners and Contact Names 

Industry Partners 

Contact 

Organisation 

Type 

Organisation 

Name 

Location 

Date joined 

CSET 

Date departed First Name Surname Position 

SME 

MNC 


Development 

Dai Nippon 

Printing 

Dublin, Ireland 04/12/2007 N/A Enda McDonnell Director of Engineering 

Tokyo, Japan 04/12/2007 N/A Takeshi Fukunaga Advisor of Headquarters 

MNC IBM Dublin, Ireland 04/12/2007 N/A Brian O’Donovan Program Director, 

IBM Dublin Centre for 

Advanced Studies 

MNC Microsoft Dublin, Ireland 04/12/2007 N/A Dag Schmidtke Program Manager for 

Language Technology 

Strategy 

MNC SDL Wicklow, Ireland 04/12/2007 N/A Paul McManus General Manager 

SME SpeechStorm Belfast, Northern 

Ireland 

04/12/2007 N/A Oliver Lennon Chief Executive Officer 

MNC Symantec Dublin, Ireland 04/12/2007 N/A Fred Hollowood Research Director, 

Shared Engineering 

Services 

MNC 

CAPITA (Formerly 

Applied Language 

Solutions) 

Manchester, U.K. 04/12/2007 N/A Gavin Wheeldon Chief Executive Officer 

SME VistaTEC Dublin, Ireland 04/12/2007 N/A Phil Ritchie Chief Technology Officer 

MNC Welocalize Dublin, Ireland 23/02/2011 N/A Derek Coffey Vice President, 

Technology and 

Professional Services


Governance Committee Members 

Role First Name Surname Organisation Position 

Chair David MacDonald IMS Maxims Chairman 

Member Alan Harvey DCU Vice President for Research 

Member Vinny Cahill TCD Dean of Research 

Member Gearóid Mooney Enterprise Ireland Director, Informatics Research and Commercialisation 

Member Phil Ritchie VistaTEC Chief Technical Officer 

Member Aidan Sweeney IBEC R&D Policy Executive 

Member Josef van Genabith DCU CNGL Director 

In Attendance Páraic Sheridan DCU CNGL Associate Director 

In Attendance Vincent Wade TCD CNGL Deputy Director 

Scientific Advisory Board Members 

Role First Name Surname Organisation Position 

Chair Francis Tsang Adobe Systems Director of Globalisation 

Member Andrew Bredenkamp Acrolinx Chief Executive Officer 

Member Carol Espy-Wilson University of Maryland, Department of Electrical 

and Computer Engineering 

Professor 

Member Lauri Karttunen Palo Alto Research Center Computational Linguist 

Member Makato Nagao NIST President

124 


Appendix 2: Outputs 

PhDs Awarded 

Name Nationality Gender Institute 

Dominic Jones English M TCD 

Joachim Wagner Germany M DCU 

Ben Steichen Luxembourgish M TCD 

Lucia Morado Vazquez Spanish F UL 

Stephen Doherty Irish M UL 

Joss Moorkens Irish M DCU 

Ian O’Keeffe Irish M TCD 

Zohar Etzioni Israeli M TCD 

Walid Magdy Egyptian M DCU 

Sandipan Dadapat Indian M DCU 

Ankit Srivastava Indian M DCU 

Pratyush Banerjee Indian M DCU 

Hala Al Maghout Syrian F DCU 

All CSET Publications 

All CNGL publications are stored in a central document management system and are available through the institutional 

Open Access repositories. 

Refereed Conference and Workshop Papers 

Abagaz, Y., Javed, M., Pahl, C. (2012). Dependency Analysis in Ontology-driven Content-based Systems. In 12th International Conference on Artificial 

Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC2012), Zakopane, Poland 

Abou-Zleikha M., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Pitch Recovery of Missing Syllables Using Sparse Representation in Exemplar-based Pitch 

Generation. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and their Applications, Montreal, Canada 

Abou-Zleikha, M., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Exemplar-based pitch contour generation using DOP for syntatic tree decomposition. 

In Proceedings 37th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2012, Kyoto, Japan 

Abou-Zleikha, M., Szekely, E., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Multi-level Exemplar-based Duration Generation for Expressive Speech Synthesis. 

In Proceedings 6th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2012, Shanghai, China 

Almaghout, H., Jiang, J., Way, A. (2012). Extending CCG-based Syntactic Constraints in Hierarchical Phrase-Based SMT In Proceedings of the 16th Annual 

Conference of European Association of Machine Translation (EAMT-2012). Trento, Italy 

Asanka Wasala, A., Schaler, R., Weerasinghe, R. Exton, C. (2012). Collaboratively Building Language Resources while Localising the Web. In Proceedings 

of ACL 2012: 3rd workshop on the People’s Web meets NLP: Collaboratively Constructed Semantic Resources and their Applications to NLP, Jeju, 

Republic of Korea 

Attia, M., Pecina, P., Samih, Y., Shaalan, K., van Genabith, J. (2012). Improved Spelling Error Detection and Correction for Arabic, COLING 2012, Mumbai, India 

Attia, M., Samih, Y., Shaalan, K., Genabith, J. (2012). The Floating Arabic Dictionary: An Automatic Method for Updating a Lexical Database through the 

detection and lemmatization of the Unknown Word. In The International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), December 2012, Mumbai, India 

Banerjee P., Naskar, S., Way, A, van Genabith, J., Roturier, J. (2012). Supplementary Data Selection by Incremental Update of Translation Models. In the 

24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Mumbai, India



Banerjee, P., Naskar, S., Roturier, J., Way, A., van Genabith, J. (2012). Domain Adaptation in SMT of User-Generated Forum Content Guided by OOV Word 

Reduction: Normalization and/or Supplementary Data In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of European Association of Machine Translation 

(EAMT-2012), Trento, Italy 

Cabral, C., Kane, M., Ahmed, Z., Abou-Zleikha, M., Szekely, E., Zahra, A., U. Ogbureke, K., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J., Schlogl, S. (2012). Rapidly 

Testing the Interaction Model of a Pronunciation Training System via Wizard-of-Oz. In Proceedings of the LREC International Conference on Language 

Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Istanbul, Turkey 

Cabral, J. P. and Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Controlling Voice Source Parameters to Transform Characteristics of Synthetic Voices. In Listening Talker 

(LISTA) Workshop, Edinburgh, UK 

Dandapat, S., Morrissey, S., Way, A., van Genabith, J. (2012). Combining EBMT, SMT, TM and IR Technologies for Quality and Scale. In Proceedings of the 

Joint Workshop on Exploiting Synergies between Information Retrieval and Machine Translation (ESIRMT) and Hybrid Approaches to Machine Translation 

(HyTra), a workshop in EACL 2012, Avignon, France 

Doherty S., Kenny, D., Way, A. (2012). Taking Statistical Machine Translation to the Student Translator, AMTA 2012, San Diego, USA 

Doherty, S. and Moorkens, J. (2012). An Experiential Analysis of Translation Technology Labs. 2nd Annual Conference of Education and Humanities, 

30 March 2012, St. Patrick’s College, Ireland 

Doherty, S. and O’Brien, S. (2012). A User-Based Usability Assessment of Raw Machine Translated Technical Instructions. Conference of the Association 

for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA 2012), San Diego, USA 

Drugman, T., Kane, J., Gobl, C. (2012) Resonator-based creaky voice detection. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2012, Orgeon, USA 

Emms, M. (2012). On Stochastic Tree Distances and their training via Expectation-Maximisation. In Proceedings of ICPRAM 2012 International Conference 

on Pattern Recognition Application and Methods, Portugal 

Eskevich, M., Magdy, W., Jones, G.J.F. (2012). New Metrics for Meaningful Evaluation of Informally Structured Speech Retrieval. ECIR 2012, pages 170-181 

Filip, D. (2012). Managing Industry Wisdom as a Portfolio of Technical Standards, in Management Re-Imagined. Presented at the International Federation 

of Scholarly Associations of Management (IFSAM 2012), Limerick, Ireland. 

Filip, D. (2012). Using Business Process Management and Modelling to Analyse the Role of Human Translators and Reviewers in Bitext Management 

Workflows. In International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies (IATIS 2012), Presented at the IATIS 2012, Belfast, UK 

Filip, D., Lewis, D., Sasaki, F. (2012). The Multilingual Web. In Proceedings of the 21st World Wide Web Conference WWW2012, April 16-20, 2012, Lyon, 

France, ACM proceedings 978-1-4503-1229-5/11/04 

Gauguly D., Jones, G. (2012). Cross-Lingual Topical Relevance Models. The 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2012), 

Mumbai, India 

Ganguly, D., Leveling, J., Jones, G. (2012.) Topical Relevance Models, CIKM 2012, Hawaii, USA 

Ganguly, D., Leveling, J., Jones., J. (2012). Approximate Sentence Retrieval for Scalable and Efficient Example-based Machine Translation. The 24th 

International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2012), Mumbai, India 

Ganguly, D., Leveling, J., Jones, G.J.F. (2012). DCU@FIRE 2012: Rule-based stemmers for Bengali and Hindi. In FIRE 2012, Fourth Workshop of the Forum 

for Information Retrieval Evaluation, pages 37-42, Kolkata,India, 2012. ISI. 

Ganguly, D., Leveling, J., Jones, G.J.F. (2012). DCU@INEX-2012: Exploring sentence retrieval for tweet contextualization. In Pamela Forner, Jussi Karlgren, 

and Christa Womser-Hacker, editors, CLEF 2012 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes, 17-20 September, Rome, Italy 

Ganguly, D., Leveling, J., Jones, G.J.F. (2012). Technical challenges and design issues in Bangla language processing, chapter Bengali (Bangla) Information 

Retrieval. IGI Global, 2012. (to appear) 

Ghorab, M. R., Zhou, D., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Multilingual User Modeling for Personalized Re-ranking of Multilingual Web Search Results. 

In Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2012), Montreal, Canada 

Graham Y. (2012). Deep Syntax in Statistical Machine Translation. Lexical Functional Grammar Conference, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia 

Javed, M., Abgaz, Y., Pahl, C. (2012). Composite Ontology Change Operators and their Customizable Evolution Strategies, 2nd Joint Workshop on 

Knowledge Evolution and Ontology Dynamics, Boston, USA 

Kale Ogbureke U., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Using Noisy Speech to Study the Robustness of a Continuous F0 Modelling Method in 

HMM-based Speech Synthesis 

Kane, B., Toussaint, P., Luz, S. Shared decision making needs a communication record. To appear in Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer 

Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW 2013), San Antonio, Texas

126 


APPENDIX 2: OUTPUTS 


Kane J., Scherer, Kane, J., Gobl, C., Schwenker, F. (2012). The Effect of Fuzzy Training Targets on Voice Quality Classification, Interspeech 2012, 

Portland, USA 

Kane, J. and Gobl, C. (2012). Identifying regions of non-modal phonation using features of the wavelet transform. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2012, 

Florence, Italy 

Kane, J., Papay, K., Hunyadi, L., Gobl, C. (2012). On the use of creak in Hungarian spontaneous speech. In Proceedings of ICPhS 2011, Hong Kong, China 

Kane, J., Scherer, Layher, G., Neumann, H. (2012). An audiovisual political speech analysis incorporating eye-tracking and perception data. The eighth 

international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012), Istanbul, Turkey 

Kane, J., Yanushevskaya, I., Ní Chasaide, A., Gobl, C. (2012). Exploiting time and frequency domain measures for precise voice source parameterisation. In 

Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2012, Shanghai, China 

Kane, M., Ahmed, Z., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Underspecification in Pronunciation Variation. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on 

Automatic Detection of Errors in Pronunciation Training (IS ADEPT), Stockholm, Sweden 

Kane. J., Oertel, C. (2012). Conversational involvement and multimodal cues: summary and outlook. Fonetic 2012, Gothenburg, Sweden 

Levacher, K., Lawless S., Wade V. (2012). Slicepedia: Towards Long Tail Resource Production through Open Corpus Reuse. In Proceedings of International 

Conference on Web-based Learning (ICWL 2012), Sinai, Romania 

Levacher, K., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Slicepedia: Automating the Production of Learning Objects from Open Corpus Content. In Proceedings of 

The European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL), September 2012, Paphos, Cyprus 

Levacher, K., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Slicepedia: Providing Customized Reuse of Open-Web Resources for Adaptive Hypermedia. In Proceedings 

of the 23rd ACM conference on Hypertext and SocialMedia (HT ‘12), Milwaukee, USA 

Leveling, J. (2012). DCU@FIRE 2012: Monolingual and crosslingual SMS-based FAQ retrieval. In FIRE 2012, Fourth Workshop of the Forum for Information 

Retrieval Evaluation, pages 37-42, Kolkata, India, 2012. ISI. 

Leveling, J. (2012). On the effect of stopword removal for SMS-based FAQ retrieval. In Gosse Bouma, Ashwin Ittoo, Elisabeth Métais, and Hans Wortmann, 

editors, Natural Language Processing and Information Systems – 17th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information 

Systems, NLDB 2012, 26-28 June, Groningen, The Netherlands, Proceedings, volume 7337 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), pages 128-139. 

Springer, 2012. 

Leveling, J., Goeuriot, L., Kelly, L., Jones, G.J.F. (2012). DCU@TRECMed 2012: Using ad-hoc baselines for domain-specific retrieval. In Proceedings of 

TREC 2012. NIST, 2012. 

Leveling, J., Jones, G., Ganguly, D. (2012). Topical Relevance Models. In Proceedings of the Eighth ASIA Information Retrieval Societies Conference 

(AIRS 2012), December 2012, Tianjin, China 

Leveling, J., Jones, G.F. (2012). Making Results Fit Into 40 Characters: A Study in Document Rewriting. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual 

International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2012), August 2012, Portland, USA, 

Lewis, D., O’Connor, A., Zydroń, A., Sjögren, G., Choudhury (2012). On Using Linked Data for Language Resource Sharing in the Long Tail of the 

Localisation Market. In Proceedings of Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), May 2012, Istanbul, Turkey 

Lewis, D., O’Connor, A., Molines, S., Finn, L., Jones, D., Curran, S. and Lawless, S. (2012). Linking localisation and language resources, Linked Data in 

Linguistics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), 7-9 March 2012, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 

Li, J., Tu, Z., Zhou, G., van Genabith, J. (2012). Head-Driven Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the 

Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-2012), Jeju, Korea, Association for Computational Linguistics [PDF, 317 KB] 

Li, J., Tu, Z., Zhou, G., van Genabith, J. (2012). Using Syntactic Head Information in Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation. In Proceedings of the Seventh 

Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 2012), Montreal, Canada 

Lynch, G., Moreau, E., Vogel, C. (2012). A Naïve Bayes classifier for automatic correction of preposition and deteminer errors in ESL text. In Proceedings 

of the Seventh Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, June 2012, Montreal, Canada 

Lynch, G., Vogel, C. (2012). Towards the Automatic Detection of the Source Language of a Literary Translation. In Proceedings of the 24th International 

Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2012), Mumbai, India 

Maldonado-Guerra, A., and Emms, M. (2012). First-order and second-order context representations: geometrical considerations and performance in 

word-sense disambiguation and discrimination. In Proceedings of the 11es Journées internationales d’Analyse statistique des Données Textuelles 

(JADT 2012), Liège. 

Mamani Sanchez, L. and Vogel, C. (2012). Emoticons Signal Expertise in Technical Web Fora. Special Session: Computational Intelligence in Emotional 

or Affective Systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd Italian Workshop on Nueral Networks. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, Salerno, Italy



Mamani Sanchez, L. and Vogel, C. (2012). Epistemic Signals and Emoticons Affect Kudos. In 3rd IEEE international Conference on Cognitive 

Infocommunications, Kosice, Slovenia 

McAuley, J., Lewis, D., O’Connor, A. (2012). Exploring reflection in online communities. In Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK12), Vancouver, 

Canada: ACM 

Min, J., Lopes, C., Leveling, J., Schmidtke, D., Jones, G.J.F. (2012). Multi-Platform Image Search using Tag Enrichment. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth 

Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2012), August 2012, Portland, USA 

Moreau, E. (2012). Quality Estimation: a experimental study using unsupervised similarity measures. In Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Statistical 

Machine Translation, Montreal, Canada 

Mulwa, C., Lawless, S., Sharp, M., Wade, V. (2012). The Evaluation of Adaptive Technology Enhanced Learning Systems, E-LEARN 2012 – World Conference 

on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education, Montreal, Canada 

Ogbureke, U. K., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Explicit Duration Modelling in HMM-based Speech Synthesis Using Continuous Hidden Markov 

Model. In The 11th International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and their Applications (ISSPA 2012), 3-5 July 2012, Montreal, 

Canada 

Ogbureke, U. K., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Using Multilayer Perceptron for Voicing Strength Estimation in HMM-based Speech Synthesis. 

In The 11th International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and their Applications, 3-5 July 2012, Montreal, Canada 

O’Keeffe I. (2012) Multimedia Localisation: Cultural Implications for XLIFF. In The 2nd International XLIFF Symposium, Warsaw, Poland 

O’Keeffe I. (2012). Multimedia Localisation: Cultural Implications for the Adaptation of Multimedia Content. In Proceedings of 4th Conference of the 

International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK 

O’Keeffe I., (2012). A Mechanism for Facilitating Emotional Regulation through Music. 2012 CUES Annual Conference – Regulating Emotions: 

Contemporary Understandings and Interdisciplinary Perspective, Limerick, Ireland 

O’Keeffe, I., O’Connor, A., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Linked Open Corpus Models, Leveraging the Semantic Web for Adaptive Hypermedia. 

In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, HT 2012, Milwaukee, USA 

Pecina, P., Toral, A., van Genabith, J. (2012). Simple and Effective Parameter Tuning for Domain Adaptation of Statistical Machine Translation, COLING 

2012, Mumbai, India 

Sah, M. and Wade, V. (2012). A Novel Concept-based Search for the Web of Data using UMBEL and a Fuzzy Retrieval Model. In Proceedings of 9th 

Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC12), May 2012, Crete, Greece 

Sah, M. and Wade, V. (2012). A Novel Concept-based Search for the Web of Data. In Proceedings of the 8th International I-SEMANTICS Conference Posters 

& Demonstrations Track, Graz, Austria 

Schneider, A., Luz, S. (2012) Speaker alignment in synthesised, machine translated communication. In International Workshop on Spoken Language 

Translation, December 2011, San Francisco, USA 

Szekely E., Ahmed, Z., Steiner, I., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Facial expressions as an input annotation modality for affective speech-to-speech 

translation, Multimodal Analyses enabling Artificial Agents in Human-Machine Interaction, Santa Cruz, USA 

Szekely E., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). WinkTalk: a demonstration of a multimodal speech synthesis platform linking facial expressions to 

expressive synthetic voices. In Third Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies (SLPAT), Montreal, Canada 

Szekely, E. (2012). Detecting a Targeted Voice Style in an Audiobook using Voice Quality Features. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on 

Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2012), March 2012, Kyoto, Japan 

Szekely, E., Abou-zleikha, M., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Evaluating expressive speech synthesis from audiobooks in conversational phrases, 

LREC 2012, Istanbul, Turkey 

Szekely, E., Csapot, T., Toth, B., Mihajlik, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Synthesizing expressive speech from amateur audiobook recordings. 

In Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, December 2012, Florida, USA 

Szekely, E., Kane, J., Scherer, S., Gobl, C., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Detecting a targeted voice style in an audiobook using voice quality features. 

In Proceedings of ICASSP, Kyoto, Japan 

Truran, M., Georg, G., Cavazza, M., Zhou, D. (2012). A Section Title Authoring Tool for Clinical Guidelines. In Proceedings of 12th ACM Symposium 

on Document Engineering (DocEng 2012), 4-7 September, Paris, France, 41-44. 

Tu, Z., He, Y., Foster, J., van Genabith, J., Liu, Q. and Lin, S. (2012). Identifying High-Impact Sub-Structures for Convolution Kernels in Document-level 

Sentiment Classification. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, July 2012, Jeju, Republic of Korea

128 




Tu, Z., Liu, Y., He, Y., van Genabith, J., Liu, Q., Lin, S. (2012). Combining Multiple Alignments to Improve Machine Translation, COLING 2012, Mumbai, 

India 

Veale, T. (2012) Detecting and Generating Ironic Comparisons: An Application of Creative Information Retrieval. AAAI Fall Symposium Series 2012 

Veale, T. and Hao, Y. (2012). In the Mood for Affective Search. In Proceedings of WWW’2012, the 21st World-Wide-Web conference, Lyon, France 

Veale, T. and Li, G. (2012). Specifying Viewpoint and Information Need with Affective Metaphors: A System Demonstration of Metaphor Magnet. 

In Proceedings of ACL’2012, the 50th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Jeju, South Korea 

Wagner J., Foster, J., Cetinoglu, O., Nivre, J., Hogan, D., Le Roux, J., van Genabith, J. (2012). From News to Comment: Resources and Benchmarks for 

Parsing the Language of Web 2.0. In 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), Chiang Mai, Thailand 

Wagner, J., Bryl, A., Foster, J., Le Roux, J., Kaljahi, R. (2012). DCU-Paris13 Systems for the SANCL 2012 Shared Task, First Workshop on Syntactic Analysis of 

Non-Canonical Language (SANCL), Montreal, Canada 

Wagner, J., Cetinoglu, O., Foster, J., Hogan, S., Le Roux, J. (2012). #hardtoparse: POS Tagging and Parsing the Twitterverse. In Workshop on Analyzing 

Microtext at the Twenty-Fifth Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-11), San Francisco, USA 

Wagner, J., Cetinoglu, O., van Genabith, J., Foster, J. (2012). Comparing the use of edited and unedited text in parser self-training. The 12th International 

Conference on Parsing Technologies (IWPT 2011), Dublin, Ireland 

Zahra A., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). English to Indonesian Transliteration to Support English Pronunciation Practice. In Proceedings of the eighth 

international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Istanbul, Turkey 

Zahra, A., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J., Kane, M. (2012). Automatic Classification of Pronunciation Errors Using Decision Trees and Speech Recognition 

Technology. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Automatic Detection of Errors in Pronunciation Training (IS ADEPT), Stockholm, Sweden 

Zeeshan A., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Phonetically aided Syntactic Parsing of Spoken Language. In Proceedings of The KONVENS, the 11th 

Conference on Natural Language Processing, Vienna, Austria 

Zeeshan, A., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J., Jiang, J., Way, A. (2012). Hierarchical Phrase-Based MT for Phonetic Representation-Based Speech 

Translation. In Proceedings The Tenth Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, San Diego, California 

Zhou, D., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Web Search Personalization Using Social Data. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Theory 

and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL 2012), Pafos, Cyprus 

Not Recorded in 2011 Annual Report 


Doherty, S. Exploring the Cognitive Elements of Think-Aloud Protocols. Show and Tell: Proceedings of the 2011 SALIS Postgraduate Showcase 

Abgaz, Y., Javed, M., Pahl, C. A Framework for Change Impact Analysis of Ontology-driven Content-based Systems. In Proceedings of On the Move to 

Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM Workshops. 7th International IFIP Workshop on Semantic Web and Web Semantics (SWWS), October, 2011, Crete, 

Greece 

Book Chapters 

Asanka Wasala, R., Buckley, J., Exton, C., Schaler, R., Weerasinghe, A. R. (2012). Building Multilingual Language Resources in Web Localisation: 

A Crowdsourcing Approach. In I. Gurevych and J. Kim (Eds.), The People’s Web Meets NLP: Collaboratively Constructed Language Resources, 

Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg [In Press] 

Banerjee, P. (2012). In Alexander Clark, Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (eds.): Handbook of computational linguistics and natural language processing. 

Machine Translation. 10.1007/s10590-012-9124-2 (OnlineFirst) 

“Kane, M., Mauclair, J. and Carson-Berndsen, J. (2011). Automatic Identification of Phonetic Similarity based on Underspecification. Human Language 

Technology: Challenges for Computer Science and Linguistics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS 6562) Poznan, pp.47-58 

Morera Mesa, A., Collins, J.J., Aouad, L. (2012). Assessing Support for Community Workflows in Localisation. In Florian Daniel, Kamel Barkaoui and 

Schahram Dustdar (Eds.) Business Process Management Workshops, BPM 2011 International Workshops Clermont-Ferrand, France, August 29, 2011, 

Revised Selected Papers, Part I, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP) volume 99, part 3, pp 195-206, Springer Berlin Heidelberg 

O’Keeffe, I., Aouad, L., Collins, J.J., Asanka Wasala, R., Nishio, N., Morera Mesa, A., Morado Vázquez, L., Ryan, L., Gupta, R., Schaler, R. (2012). 

A View of Future Technologies and Challenges for the Automation of Localisation Processes: Visions and Scenarios. ICHIT (2) 2011: 371-382


Refereed Original Articles 

Kane, J. and Gobl, C. Wavelet maxima dispersion for breathy to tense voice discrimination, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing 

[In Press] 

Doherty, G., Karamanis, N., Luz, S. (2012). Collaboration in translation: The impact of increased reach on cross-organisational work. Computer Supported 

Cooperative Work (CSCW), August 2012 

Ghorab, R.M., Zhou, D., O’Connor, A., Wade, V. (2012). Personalised Information Retrieval: survey and classification. User Modeling and User-Adapted 

Interaction (UMUAI), 2012. 

Kane, J., Drugman, T., Gobl, C. Improved automatic detection of creak, Computer Speech and Language [In Press] 

Karamanis, N., Doherty, G., Luz, S. (2012). Collaboration in translation: The impact of increased reach on cross-organisational work, Computer Supported 

Cooperative Work (CSCW), August 2012 

Lambert, P., Petitrenaud S., Ma Y., Way A., (2012). What types of word alignment improve statistical machine translation In Machine Translation, Volume 

26,(4), edited by Springer, p.289-323, 2012 

Moorkens, J. (2012). A mixed-methods study of consistency in Translation Memories. Localisation Focus, Volume 11(1) 

Morena Mesa, A. (2012). Translation and localization project management: the art of the possible. In Keiran J. Dunne and Elena S. Dunne (eds.). 

Translation and localization project management: the art of the possible 

Mulwa, C., Lawless, S., O’Keeffe, I., Sharp, M., Wade, V. (2012). A recommender Framework for the Evaluation of End User Experience in Adaptive 

Technology enhanced Learning Systems. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, IJTEL, Special Issue on “Datasets and Data Supported 

Learning in Technology-Enhanced Learning”, Vol. 4, pp. 67-84, Nos. 1/2, 2012 

O’Keeffe, I. (2012). Soundtrack Localisation: Culturally Adaptive Music Content for Computer Games, Journal of Internationalisation and Localisation 

Rami Ghorab, M., Zhou, D., O’Connor, A., Wade, V. (2012). Personalised Information Retrieval: Survey and Classification, In User Modeling and User 

Adapted Interaction (UMUAI) Journal1-63 (Published Online First: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11257-012-9124-1), Springer. 

Ryan, L. (2012). Global Authoring Resources, Communicator, Spring 2012, ISTC 

Ryan, L. (2012). Global Authoring Techniques. Communicator, Autumn 2012, ISTC 

Ryan, L. (2012). Global Diversity and Localisation Issues. Communicator, Summer 2012, ISTC XXX 

Sah, M. and Wade, V. (2012). Automatic Metadata Mining from Multilingual Enterprise Content. In Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the 

World Wide Web, Volume 11, issue (March, 2012), p. 41-62 

Van Der Sluis, I., Luz, S., Breitfus, W., Ishizuka, M., Prendinger, H. (2012). Cross-cultural assessment of automatically generated multimodal referring 

xpressions in a virtual world. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Volume 70, Issue 9, 2012 

Pages 611-619 

Van der Sluis, I., Luz, S., Breitfuß, W., Ishizuka, M., Prendinger, H. (2012). Cross-cultural assessment of automatically generated multimodal referring 

expressions in a virtual world. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 70(9):611-629, 2012. 

Wasala, A., Schmidtke, D., Schaler, R. (2012). XLIFF and LCS Format: A Comparison. Localisation Focus, Volume 11(1) 

Zhou, D., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Improving search via personalized query expansion using social media, Information Retrieval, 15(3-4), 218-242 

Zhou, D., Truran, M., Brailsford, T., Wade, V., Ashman, H. (2012). Translation Techniques in Cross-Language Information Retrieval. ACM Computing 

Surveys (CSUR), 45(1), Article 1, 1-44. 2012 

Conference Presentations 

Abagaz, Y., Javed, M., Pahl, C. (2012). Dependency Analysis in Ontology-driven Content-based Systems. In 12th International Conference on Artificial 

Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC2012), Zakopane, Poland 

Abou-Zleikha M., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Pitch Recovery of Missing Syllables Using Sparse Representation in Exemplar-based Pitch 

Generation. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and their Applications, Montreal, Canada 

Abou-Zleikha, M., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Exemplar-based pitch contour generation using DOP for syntatic tree decomposition. 

In Proceedings 37th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2012, Kyoto, Japan 

Abou-Zleikha, M., Szekely, E., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Multi-level Exemplar-based Duration Generation for Expressive Speech Synthesis. 

In Proceedings 6th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2012, Shanghai, China 

Almaghout, H., Jiang, J., Way, A. (2012). Extending CCG-based Syntactic Constraints in Hierarchical Phrase-Based SMT In Proceedings of the 16th Annual 

Conference of European Association of Machine Translation (EAMT-2012). Trento, Italy

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Asanka Wasala, A., Schaler, R., Weerasinghe, R. Exton, C. (2012). Collaboratively Building Language Resources while Localising the Web. In Proceedings 

of ACL 2012: 3rd workshop on the People’s Web meets NLP: Collaboratively Constructed Semantic Resources and their Applications to NLP, Jeju, 

Republic of Korea 

Attia, M., Pecina, P., Samih, Y., Shaalan, K., van Genabith, J. (2012). Improved Spelling Error Detection and Correction for Arabic, COLING 2012, Mumbai, India 

Attia, M., Samih, Y., Shaalan, K., Genabith, J. (2012). The Floating Arabic Dictionary: An Automatic Method for Updating a Lexical Database through the 

detection and lemmatization of the Unknown Word. In The International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), December 2012, Mumbai, 

India 

Banerjee P., Naskar, S., Way, A, van Genabith, J., Roturier, J. (2012). Supplementary Data Selection by Incremental Update of Translation Models. In the 

24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Mumbai, India 

Banerjee, P., Naskar, S., Roturier, J., Way, A., van Genabith, J. (2012). Domain Adaptation in SMT of User-Generated Forum Content Guided by OOV Word 

Reduction: Normalization and/or Supplementary Data In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of European Association of Machine Translation 

(EAMT-2012), Trento, Italy 

Cabral, C., Kane, M., Ahmed, Z., Abou-Zleikha, M., Szekely, E., Zahra, A., U. Ogbureke, K., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J., Schlogl, S. (2012). Rapidly 

Testing the Interaction Model of a Pronunciation Training System via Wizard-of-Oz. In Proceedings of the LREC International Conference on Language 

Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Istanbul, Turkey 

Cabral, J. P. and Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Controlling Voice Source Parameters to Transform Characteristics of Synthetic Voices. In Listening Talker 

(LISTA) Workshop, Edinburgh, UK 

Dandapat, S., Morrissey, S., Way, A., van Genabith, J. (2012). Combining EBMT, SMT, TM and IR Technologies for Quality and Scale. In Proceedings of the 

Joint Workshop on Exploiting Synergies between Information Retrieval and Machine Translation (ESIRMT) and Hybrid Approaches to Machine Translation 

(HyTra), a workshop in EACL 2012, Avignon, France 

Doherty S., Kenny, D., Way, A. (2012). Taking Statistical Machine Translation to the Student Translator, AMTA 2012, San Diego, USA 

Doherty, S. and Moorkens, J. (2012). An Experiential Analysis of Translation Technology Labs. 2nd Annual Conference of Education and Humanities, 

30 March 2012, St. Patrick’s College, Ireland 

Doherty, S. and O’Brien, S. (2012). A User-Based Usability Assessment of Raw Machine Translated Technical Instructions. Conference of the Association 

for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA 2012), San Diego, USA 

Drugman, T., Kane, J., Gobl, C. (2012) Resonator-based creaky voice detection. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2012, Orgeon, USA 

Emms, M. (2012). On Stochastic Tree Distances and their training via Expectation-Maximisation. In Proceedings of ICPRAM 2012 International Conference 

on Pattern Recognition Application and Methods, Portugal 

Filip, D. (2012). Managing Industry Wisdom as a Portfolio of Technical Standards, in Management Re-Imagined. Presented at the International Federation 

of Scholarly Associations of Management (IFSAM 2012), Limerick, Ireland. 

Filip, D. (2012). Using Business Process Management and Modelling to Analyse the Role of Human Translators and Reviewers in Bitext Management 

Workflows. In International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies (IATIS 2012), Presented at the IATIS 2012, Belfast, UK 

Filip, D., Lewis, D., Sasaki, F. (2012). The Multilingual Web. In Proceedings of the 21st World Wide Web Conference WWW2012, April 16-20, 2012, Lyon, 

France, ACM proceedings 978-1-4503-1229-5/11/04 

Filip, D., Lewis, D., Wasala, A., Jones, D., Finn, L. (2012). CMSL10n SOLAS Integration as an ITS 2.0 XLIFF test bed. Paper presented at the W3C 

MultilingualWeb (ITS 2.0) Track, FEISGILTT 2012 (collocated with Localization World 2012), Seattle, USA. 

Ganguly, D., Leveling, J., Jones, G. (2012.) Topical Relevance Models, CIKM 2012, Hawaii, USA 

Ganguly, D., Leveling, J., Jones., J. (2012). Approximate Sentence Retrieval for Scalable and Efficient Example-based Machine Translation. The 24th 

International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2012), Mumbai, India 

Gauguly D., Jones, G. (2012). Cross-Lingual Topical Relevance Models. The 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2012), 

Mumbai, India 

Ghorab, M. R., Zhou, D., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Multilingual User Modeling for Personalized Re-ranking of Multilingual Web Search Results. 

In Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2012), Montreal, Canada 

Graham Y. (2012). Deep Syntax in Statistical Machine Translation. Lexical Functional Grammar Conference, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia 

Javed, M., Abgaz, Y., Pahl, C. (2012). Composite Ontology Change Operators and their Customizable Evolution Strategies, 2nd Joint Workshop on 

Knowledge Evolution and Ontology Dynamics, Boston, USA 

Kale Ogbureke U., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Using Noisy Speech to Study the Robustness of a Continuous F0 Modelling Method in HMMbased 

Speech Synthesis 

Kane J., Scherer, Kane, J., Gobl, C., Schwenker, F. (2012). The Effect of Fuzzy Training Targets on Voice Quality Classification, Interspeech 2012, Portland, USA



Kane, B., Toussaint, P., Luz, S. Shared decision making needs a communication record. To appear in Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer 

Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW 2013), San Antonio, Texas 

Kane, J. and Gobl, C. (2012). Identifying regions of non-modal phonation using features of the wavelet transform. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2012, 

Florence, Italy 

Kane, J., Papay, K., Hunyadi, L., Gobl, C. (2012). On the use of creak in Hungarian spontaneous speech. In Proceedings of ICPhS 2011, Hong Kong, China 

Kane, J., Scherer, Layher, G., Neumann, H. (2012). An audiovisual political speech analysis incorporating eye-tracking and perception data. The eighth 

international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012), Istanbul, Turkey 

Kane, J., Yanushevskaya, I., Ní Chasaide, A., Gobl, C. (2012). Exploiting time and frequency domain measures for precise voice source parameterisation. 

In Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2012, Shanghai, China 

Kane, M., Ahmed, Z., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Underspecification in Pronunciation Variation. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on 

Automatic Detection of Errors in Pronunciation Training (IS ADEPT), Stockholm, Sweden 

Kane. J., Oertel, C. (2012). Conversational involvement and multimodal cues: summary and outlook. Fonetic 2012, Gothenburg, Sweden 

Levacher, K., Lawless S., Wade V. (2012). Slicepedia: Towards Long Tail Resource Production through Open Corpus Reuse. In Proceedings of International 

Conference on Web-based Learning (ICWL 2012), Sinai, Romania 

Levacher, K., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Slicepedia: Automating the Production of Learning Objects from Open Corpus Content. In Proceedings of The 

European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL), September 2012, Paphos, Cyprus 

Levacher, K., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Slicepedia: Providing Customized Reuse of Open-Web Resources for Adaptive Hypermedia. In Proceedings 

of the 23rd ACM conference on Hypertext and SocialMedia (HT ‘12), Milwaukee, USA 

Leveling, J., Jones, G., Ganguly, D. (2012). Topical Relevance Models. In Proceedings of the Eighth ASIA Information Retrieval Societies Conference (AIRS 

2012), December 2012, Tianjin, China 

Leveling, J., Jones, G.F. (2012). Making Results Fit Into 40 Characters: A Study in Document Rewriting. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual 

International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2012), August 2012, Portland, USA, 

Lewis, D., O’Connor, A., Zydroń, A., Sjögren, G., Choudhury (2012). On Using Linked Data for Language Resource Sharing in the Long Tail of the 

Localisation Market. In Proceedings of Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), May 2012, Istanbul, Turkey 

Lewis, D., O’Connor, A., Molines, S., Finn, L., Jones, D., Curran, S. and Lawless, S. (2012). Linking localisation and language resources, Linked Data in 

Linguistics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), 7-9 March 2012, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 

Li, J., Tu, Z., Zhou, G., van Genabith, J. (2012). Head-Driven Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the 

Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-2012), Jeju, Korea, Association for Computational Linguistics [PDF, 317 KB] 

Li, J., Tu, Z., Zhou, G., van Genabith, J. (2012). Using Syntactic Head Information in Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation. In Proceedings of the Seventh 

Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 2012), Montreal, Canada 

Lynch, G., Moreau, E., Vogel, C. (2012). A Naïve Bayes classifier for automatic correction of preposition and deteminer errors in ESL text. In Proceedings 

of the Seventh Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, June 2012, Montreal, Canada 

Lynch, G., Vogel, C. (2012). Towards the Automatic Detection of the Source Language of a Literary Translation. In Proceedings of the 24th International 

Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2012), Mumbai, India 

Maldonado-Guerra, A., and Emms, M. (2012). First-order and second-order context representations: geometrical considerations and performance in 

word-sense disambiguation and discrimination. In Proceedings of the 11es Journées internationales d’Analyse statistique des Données Textuelles (JADT 

2012), Liège. 

Mamani Sanchez, L. and Vogel, C. (2012). Emoticons Signal Expertise in Technical Web Fora. Special Session: Computational Intelligence in Emotional 

or Affective Systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd Italian Workshop on Nueral Networks. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, Salerno, Italy 

Mamani Sanchez, L. and Vogel, C. (2012). Epistemic Signals and Emoticons Affect Kudos. In 3rd IEEE international Conference on Cognitive 

Infocommunications, Kosice, Slovenia 

McAuley, J., Lewis, D., O’Connor, A. (2012). Exploring reflection in online communities. In Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK12), Vancouver, 

Canada: ACM 

Min, J., Lopes, C., Leveling, J., Schmidtke, D., Jones, G.J.F. (2012). Multi-Platform Image Search using Tag Enrichment. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth 

Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2012), August 2012, Portland, USA 

Moorkens, J., Doherty, S., Kenny, D., O’Brien, S. 2013 (forthcoming). A Virtuous Circle: Laundering Translation Memory Data using Statistical Machine 

Translation. Tralogy Conference, January 2013, Paris, France 

Moreau, E. (2012). Quality Estimation: a experimental study using unsupervised similarity measures. In Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Statistical 

Machine Translation, Montreal, Canada

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Mulwa, C., Lawless, S., Sharp, M., Wade, V. (2012). The Evaluation of Adaptive Technology Enhanced Learning Systems, E-LEARN 2012 – World Conference 

on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education, Montreal, Canada 

Ogbureke, U. K., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Explicit Duration Modelling in HMM-based Speech Synthesis Using Continuous Hidden Markov 

Model. In The 11th International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and their Applications (ISSPA 2012), 3-5 July 2012, Montreal, Canada 

Ogbureke, U. K., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Using Multilayer Perceptron for Voicing Strength Estimation in HMM-based Speech Synthesis. 

In The 11th International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and their Applications, 3-5 July 2012, Montreal, Canada 

O’Keeffe I. (2012) Multimedia Localisation: Cultural Implications for XLIFF. In The 2nd International XLIFF Symposium, Warsaw, Poland 

O’Keeffe I. (2012). Multimedia Localisation: Cultural Implications for the Adaptation of Multimedia Content. In Proceedings of 4th Conference of the 

International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK 

O’Keeffe I., (2012). A Mechanism for Facilitating Emotional Regulation through Music. 2012 CUES Annual Conference – Regulating Emotions: 

Contemporary Understandings and Interdisciplinary Perspective, Limerick, Ireland 

O’Keeffe, I., O’Connor, A., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Linked Open Corpus Models, Leveraging the Semantic Web for Adaptive Hypermedia. 

In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, HT 2012, Milwaukee, USA 

Pecina, P., Toral, A., van Genabith, J. (2012). Simple and Effective Parameter Tuning for Domain Adaptation of Statistical Machine Translation, 

COLING 2012, Mumbai, India 

Sah, M. and Wade, V. (2012). A Novel Concept-based Search for the Web of Data using UMBEL and a Fuzzy Retrieval Model. In Proceedings of 9th 

Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC12), May 2012, Crete, Greece 

Sah, M. and Wade, V. (2012). A Novel Concept-based Search for the Web of Data. In Proceedings of the 8th International I-SEMANTICS Conference Posters 

& Demonstrations Track, Graz, Austria 

Schneider, A., Luz, S. (2012) Speaker alignment in synthesised, machine translated communication. In International Workshop on Spoken Language 

Translation, December 2011, San Francisco, USA 

Szekely E., Ahmed, Z., Steiner, I., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Facial expressions as an input annotation modality for affective speech-to-speech 

translation, Multimodal Analyses enabling Artificial Agents in Human-Machine Interaction, Santa Cruz, USA 

Szekely E., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). WinkTalk: a demonstration of a multimodal speech synthesis platform linking facial expressions to 

expressive synthetic voices. In Third Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies (SLPAT), Montreal, Canada 

Szekely, E. (2012). Detecting a Targeted Voice Style in an Audiobook using Voice Quality Features. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on 

Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2012), March 2012, Kyoto, Japan 

Szekely, E., Abou-zleikha, M., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Evaluating expressive speech synthesis from audiobooks in conversational phrases, 

LREC 2012, Istanbul, Turkey 

Szekely, E., Csapot, T., Toth, B., Mihajlik, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Synthesizing expressive speech from amateur audiobook recordings. 

In Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, December 2012, Florida, USA 

Szekely, E., Kane, J., Scherer, S., Gobl, C., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Detecting a targeted voice style in an audiobook using voice quality features. 

In Proceedings of ICASSP, Kyoto, Japan 

Tu, Z., He, Y., Foster, J., van Genabith, J., Liu, Q. and Lin, S. (2012). Identifying High-Impact Sub-Structures for Convolution Kernels in Document-level 

Sentiment Classification. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, July 2012, Jeju, Republic of Korea 

Tu, Z., Liu, Y., He, Y., van Genabith, J., Liu, Q., Lin, S. (2012). Combining Multiple Alignments to Improve Machine Translation, COLING 2012, Mumbai, India 

Veale, T. and Hao, Y. (2012). In the Mood for Affective Search. In Proceedings of WWW’2012, the 21st World-Wide-Web conference, Lyon, France 

Veale, T. and Li, G. (2012). Specifying Viewpoint and Information Need with Affective Metaphors: A System Demonstration of Metaphor Magnet. 

In Proceedings of ACL’2012, the 50th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Jeju, South Korea 

Wagner J., Foster, J., Cetinoglu, O., Nivre, J., Hogan, D., Le Roux, J., van Genabith, J. (2012). From News to Comment: Resources and Benchmarks for 

Parsing the Language of Web 2.0. In 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), Chiang Mai, Thailand 

Wagner, J., Bryl, A., Foster, J., Le Roux, J., Kaljahi, R. (2012). DCU-Paris13 Systems for the SANCL 2012 Shared Task, First Workshop on Syntactic Analysis 

of Non-Canonical Language (SANCL), Montreal, Canada 

Wagner, J., Cetinoglu, O., Foster, J., Hogan, S., Le Roux, J. (2012). #hardtoparse: POS Tagging and Parsing the Twitterverse. In Workshop on Analyzing 

Microtext at the Twenty-Fifth Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-11), San Francisco, USA 

Wagner, J., Cetinoglu, O., van Genabith, J., Foster, J. (2012). Comparing the use of edited and unedited text in parser self-training. The 12th International 

Conference on Parsing Technologies (IWPT 2011), Dublin, Ireland 

Wasala, A., Filip, D., Exton, C., R., Schäler R. (2012). Making Data Mining of XLIFF Artefacts Relevant for the Ongoing Development of the XLIFF Standard. 

Paper presented at the 3rd International XLIFF Symposium, FEISGILTT 2012 (collocated with Localization World 2012), Seattle, USA.



Zahra A., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). English to Indonesian Transliteration to Support English Pronunciation Practice. In Proceedings of the eighth 

international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Istanbul, Turkey 

Zahra, A., Cabral, J., Carson-Berndsen, J., Kane, M. (2012). Automatic Classification of Pronunciation Errors Using Decision Trees and Speech Recognition 

Technology. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Automatic Detection of Errors in Pronunciation Training (IS ADEPT), Stockholm, Sweden 

Zeeshan A., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J. (2012). Phonetically aided Syntactic Parsing of Spoken Language. In Proceedings of The KONVENS, the 11th 

Conference on Natural Language Processing, Vienna, Austria 

Zeeshan, A., Cahill, P., Carson-Berndsen, J., Jiang, J., Way, A. (2012). Hierarchical Phrase-Based MT for Phonetic Representation-Based Speech 

Translation. In Proceedings The Tenth Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, San Diego, California 

Zhou, D., Lawless, S., Wade, V. (2012). Web Search Personalization Using Social Data. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Theory and 

Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL 2012), Pafos, Cyprus 

Workshops and Conferences Hosted 

Date Event Title Location 

09/03/2012 - 10/03/2012 Workshop on Innovation and Applications in Speech Technology (IAST) University College Dublin 

11/03/2012 CNGL Hadoop Hackathon Dublin City University 

16/05/2012 - 17/05/2012 CNGL Spring Scientific Committee Meeting (incorporating inaugural 

Innovation Charette) 

Chartered Accountants House, Dublin 

30/05/2012 - 01/06/2012 International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC) University College Dublin 

04/06/2012 - 06/06/2012 Workshop on Best Practices in Post-editing (in association with TAUS) at 

Localization World 

Paris, France 

13/06/2012 - 15/06/2012 LRC Summer School 2012 – Mobile App Localisation Carlton Castletroy Park Hotel, Limerick 

25/06/2012 Trinity Access Programme ‘Editing Wikipedia’ Workshop Trinity College Dublin 

20/09/2012 - 21/09/2012 17th Annual Localisation & Internationalisation Conference (LRC XVII) Carlton Castletroy Park Hotel, Limerick 

11/06/2012 - 13/06/2012 W3C Multilingual Web Workshop Trinity College Dublin 

08/10/2012 - 09/10/2012 International Workshop on Intelligent Exploration of Semantic Data (IESD) 

2012 at 18th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and 

Knowledge Management (EKAW2012) 

16/10/2012 - 17/10/2012 FEISGILTT 2012 (Federated Event for Interoperability Standardization 

in Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, and Translation 

Technologies) 

Galway, Ireland 

Seattle, USA 

11/1/2012 Workshop on Monolingual Translation at AMTA 2012 San Diego, USA 

10/28/2012 Workshop on Post-editing Technology and Practice (WPTP-12) at AMTA 

2012 

08/11/2012 - 11/11/2012 International Postgraduate Conference in Translating and Interpreting 

(IPCITI) 

San Diego, USA 


24/11/2012 The Multimodality and Cyberpsychology Conference Dublin City University 

09/12/2012 Second Workshop on Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Optimise 

the Division of Labour in Hybrid MT (ML4HMT-12 WS and Shared Task) 

[CNGL co-organiser] 

08/12/2012 -15/12/2012 Machine Translation and Parsing in Indian Languages (MTPIL-2012) [CNGL 

co-organiser] 

Mumbai, India 

Mumbai, India

134 



Equipment Valued at Over €50,000 Funded by CNGL 

Item Price Description 

No equipment valued over €50,000 was purchased by CNGL in 2012 

Invention and Software Disclosures Filed 

Date Track Title 

25/01/2012 ILT A Measurement method for detecting changes in tone-of-voice (voice quality) from recorded speech signals 

25/01/2012 ILT AlignRank:An Evidence Propagation Algorithmfor Word Alignment 

12/03/2012 LOC WorkFlow Recommender 

12/03/2012 LOC LocConnect – Localisation Orchestration Framework 

12/03/2012 LOC Localisation Knowledge Repository 

12/03/2012 LOC XLIFF Phoenix 

12/03/2012 LOC MT Mapper 

19/04/2012 ILT IR Retrieval Model which combines the integrated Recommendation Results with IR retrieval results 

30/05/2012 SF CAT Tool Instrumentation 

08/10/2012 ILT Machine Translation Performance Predictor 

Patent Applications Submitted or Granted, and Licence Agreements Signed 

Date Title Application number Inventor Track Status 

30/05/2012 Automatic Metadata Extraction from Multilingual 

Enterprise Content 

61/656,499 Melike Sah DCM US Provisional 

Licensed Technologies 

Licensed To Technology Track 

Xcelerator Data Visualisation Dashboard ILT 

Xcelerator Data Health Estimator for Machine Translation ILT 

Xcelerator Predictive Performance Estimator for Machine Translation ILT 

Welocalize A System for Tracking and Analysing Translator Behaviour in an Instrumented Post-editing Environment ILT 

Spinout Companies Created 

Company 

Emizar Customer Solutions Ltd. 

Incorporation Date 8th November 2011 

Registration # 505776 

Website 

www.emizar.com


Awards and Honours Received 

Name Award Body Award Type Date 

Prof. Josef van Genabith Dublin City University DCU President’s Research Award 

for Science and Engineering 

February 2012 

Dr. Martin Emms, 

Hector Franco-Penya 

Joachim Wagner (CNGL/DCU), 

Dr. Jennifer Foster (NCLT/DCU), 

Rasul Samad Zadeh Kaljahi (NCLT/Symantec), 

Dr. Anton Bryl (Systransis AG, formerly CNGL), 

Dr. Joseph Le Roux (Université Paris 13, 

formerly NCLT/DCU) 

International Conference on Pattern 

Recognition Application and Methods 

(ICPRAM 2012) 

First Workshop on Syntactic Analysis of 

Non-Canonical Language (SANCL) 

Best Paper Award February 2012 

Shared Task Win June 2012 

Ben Steichen Localisation Research Centre Best Thesis Award September 2012 

Liliana Mamani Sanchez, 

Dr. Carl Vogel 

Debasis Ganguly 

Debasis Ganguly, 

Dr. Johannes Leveling, 

Dr. Gareth Jones 

3rd IEEE International Conference on 

Cognitive Infocommunications 

Morpheme Extraction Task (MET) 

of FIRE 2012 

Eighth ASIA Information Retrieval 

Societies Conference (AIRS 2012) 

Steering Committee 

Best Paper Award December 2012 

Bengali (Best), Hindi (Second Best) December 2012 

AIRS’12 Best Poster Paper Award December 2012 

Media Coverage 

Date Media Outlet Event Headline Link 

05/01/2012 Techcentral.ie Influence of LRC in 

attracting Cetra European 

base to Limerick 

05/01/2012 Siliconrepublic.com Influence of LRC in 



05/01/2012 Businessandfinance.ie Influence of LRC in 



05/01/2012 Businessandleadership.com Influence of LRC in 



14/01/2012 Limerick Leader Influence of LRC in 



14/01/2012 Limerick Post Influence of LRC in 



Cetra to grow Limerick 

Operation (translation 

services company attracted 

by third level research) 

20 new jobs as Cetra rolls 

into town 

120 new jobs for Dublin and 

Limerick 

Cetra to locate European 

centre in Limerick creating 

20 jobs 

New Limerick firm translates 

into 20 positions 

Translation services 

company to create 20 jobs 

http://www.techcentral.ie/article. 

aspxid=18040 

http://www.siliconrepublic.com/careers-centre/ 

item/25210-20-new-jobs-for-limerick-as/ 

http://www.businessandfinance.ie/news/120ne 

wjobsfordublinandlimerick 

http://www.businessandleadership.com/ 

business/item/33541-cetra-to-locate-european/ 

Page 6 

Page 14 

24/01/2012 Siliconrepublic.com Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

Students urged to consider a 

career in localisation 

http://www.siliconrepublic.com/careers-centre/ 

item/25466-students-urged-to-consider/ 

24/01/2012 Education Matters (www. 

educationmatters.ie) 

Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

High demand for graduates 

in localisation 

http://www.educationmatters.ie/2012/01/24/ 

high-demand-for-graduates-in-localisation/ 

25/01/2012 Scoop It! Language Blog 

(www.scoop.it) 


guide 

CNGL Localisation Careers 

http://www.scoop.it/t/translation-andlocalization/p/1050392099/cngl-localisationcareers

136 




25/01/2012 www.science.ie Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

A world of opportunities in 

localisation 

http://www.science.ie/science-news/ 

opportunities-in-localisation.html 

25/01/2012 Waterford Institute of 

Technology website (www. 

wit.ie) 


guide 

Graduates in high demand 

in Ireland’s 16,000-job 

localisation sector 

http://www.wit.ie/News/News/ 

MainBody,48355,en.html 

26/01/2012 Lingport i18nlog Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

CNGL Launches Localization 

Careers Guide 

http://i18nblog.com/2012/01/26/cngllaunches-localization-careers-guide/ 

26/01/2012 Gradireland.com (Ireland’s 

official graduate jobs and 

careers website) 


guide 

Localisation – a growth area 

and a career opportunity 

http://gradireland.wordpress.com/2012/01/26/ 

localisation-a-growth-area-and-a-careeropportunity/ 

26/01/2012 www.mysciencecareer.ie Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

01/02/2012 Education Matters ezine Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

01/02/2012 Siliconrepublic.com All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

01/02/2012 egovmonitor.com Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

06/02/2012 Evening Echo Launch of CNGL careers 

guide 

08/02/2012 Irish Independent Fostering foreign language 

skills 

Ireland becoming a global 

expert in localisation 

High demand for graduates 

in localisation area 

AILO fosters next generation 

of Irish computational 

linguists 

“Ireland Is Recognised As A 

Leader In The Localisation 

And Global Services Sector 

But We Need To Do More” 

– Sherlock 

With technology and a 

second language you will be 

a professional in demand 

Teaching languages at 

primary level will be a key to 

our economic future 

http://www.mysciencecareer.ie/resources/newsand-events/localisation-in-ireland 

http://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/ 

item/25584-skillsfeb/ 

http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/46072 

Page 33 

Page 15 

08/02/2012 Irish Independent website 

(www.independent.ie) 

Fostering foreign language 

skills 

Teaching languages at 

primary level will be a key to 

our economic future 

http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/education/ 

features/in-my-opinion-teaching-languagesat-primary-level-will-be-a-key-to-our-economicfuture-3012676.html 

09/02/2012 Tipperary Star All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

14/02/2012 Roscommon Herald All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

Budding Strokestown 

linguists seek to decode the 

languages of the world 

Page 15 

Page 53 

07/03/2012 Dublin City of Science 

website (www. 

dublinscience2012.ie) 


Olympiad 


Olympiad 

http://www.dublinscience2012.ie/2012/03/allireland-linguistics-olympiad/ 

07/03/2012 Evening Echo All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

09/03/2012 Céist website (www.ceist.ie) All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

13/02/2012 Techcentral.ie ComputeTY transition year 

programme 

Students have strategy to 

solve problems 


Olympiad (AILO) 

Transition year students 

decode Web design 

http://www.ceist.ie/news_events/view_article. 

cfmloadref=2&id=595 


aspxid=18301&utm_source=TechCentral 

+newsletter&utm_campaign=4755350324- 

13_022_13_2012&utm_ 

medium=email#ixzz1mGomGpL0



14/03/2012 Sunday Business Post 

website (www.businesspost. 

ie) 

Xcelerator/DCU licence 

Startup of the day: 

Xcelerator 

http://www.businesspost.ie/#!story/Home/ 

News/Startup+of+the+day%3A+Xcelerator/ 

id/86478410-84f6-07f6-0e90-4e777652148 

18/03/2012 Sunday Business Post Xcelerator/DCU licence Startup of the day: 

Xcelerator 

22/03/2012 Guideline Magazine Next Generation 

Localisation Careers 

21/03/2012 Irish Examiner All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

21/03/2012 Irish Examiner Online All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 


in Ireland’s localisation 

sector 

Pupils pit wits against 

language puzzles 

Pupils pit wits against 

language puzzles 

Cover & Page 3 

http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/pupilspit-wits-against-language-puzzles-187781.html 


Olympiad 

AILO Olympiad Page 55 

28/03/2012 Irish Independent Language Advocacy Adios Espanol – Quinn 

dumps languages in primary 

schools (Cara Greene 

comment) 

Page 17 

29/03/2012 South Tipp Today All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

29/03/2012 Tipperary Star All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

30/03/2012 www.sam-xlation.de SAM Xlation GbmH tests 

KantanMT product of CNGL 

spinout Xcelerator 

02/04/2012 Education Magazine Next Generation 

Localisation Careers 

School Ruain student in 

Linguistics Olympiad 

Scoil Ruain Student in 


Machine Translation Testing 


in Ireland’s localisation 

sector 

Page 31 

Page SS 3 

http://www.sam-xlation.de/index.php/de/aktue 

lles#MachineTranslationTesting 

Pages 12-13 

22/04/2012 LANGTECHNEWS Innovation Voucher 

collaboration with Cipherion 

Translations 

Irish localisation company to 

add MT, crowd-sourcing and 

gamification 

24/04/2012 Irish Times Insight 

supplement 

30/04/2012 Department of Jobs, 

Enterprise & Innovation 

website (http://www. 

enterprise.gov.ie) 

Sign Language Machine 

Translation 

wripl winning pitch at Get 

Started Technology Venture 

Programme 

Lost in translation Page 13 

SFI-funded scientists head to 

Silicon Valley 

http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/News/Irish_ 

researchers_secure_coveted_prize_of_trip_to_ 

Silicon_Valley_.html 

30/04/2012 Techcentral.ie wripl winning pitch at Get 


Programme 

30/04/2012 TechCentral ezine wripl winning pitch at Get 


Programme 

Irish researchers secure trip 

to Silicon Valley 

Irish researchers secure trip 

to Silicon Valley 


aspxid=18832 

30/04/2012 www.studentnews.ie wripl winning pitch at Get 


Programme 

Irish science researchers 

land key trip to Silicon Valley 

to meet technology chiefs 

http://langtechnews.hivefire.com/ 

articles/146423/irish-localisation-company-toadd-mt-crowd-sourcin/ 

http://www.studentnews.ie/irish-scienceresearchers-land-key-trip-to-silicon-valley-tomeet-technology-chiefs-5724 

April/ 

May 2012 

edition 

Multilingual Magazine Localistion standards The localization standards 

ecosystem (article by Dr 

David Filip, CNGL at UL)

138 









Olympiad 

Double Gold for Belfast 

Schools in All Ireland 


http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/News/Double_ 

Gold_for_Belfast_Schools_in_All_Ireland_ 

Linguistics_Olympiad.html 


Olympiad 

All-Ireland Linguistics Final Page SS 6 

12/05/2012 South Belfast News All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

17/05/2012 Northern Standard All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

Olympiad gold for 

Wellington team 

Photo: Mrs Geraldine Kelly 

making a presentation to 

Zoe Vance for her success 

in the Linguistics Olympiad 

© Rory Geary/Northern 

Standard 

Page 17 

Page 24 





Google parsing challenge 

DCU-Paris 13 Team excels in 

Google parsing challenge 

http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/News/DCU- 

Paris_13_Team_excels_in_Google_Parsing_ 

Challenge.html 

31/5/012 Ballincollig Today All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

31/05/2012 Mid Cork Today All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

Photo: Among the 

winners at the Ballincollig 

Community School’s Annual 

Awards Night was Grainne 

Hutchinson (Ovens), 

bronze award at All Ireland 


Photo: Among the 

winners at the Ballincollig 

Community School’s Annual 

Awards Night was Grainne 

Hutchinson (Ovens), 

bronze award at All Ireland 


Page 8 

Page 8 

13/06/2012 Silicon Republic (www. 

siliconrepublic.com) 

LRC Summer School 

Irish mobile app developers 

urged to localise their apps 

http://www.siliconrepublic.com/new-media/ 

item/27729-irish-mobile-app-developers/ 

13/06/2012 Techcentral.ie LRC Summer School Irish mobile app developers 

must think global, says LRC 

http://www.techcentral.ie/19122/irishmobile-app-developers-must-think-global-sayslrc#ixzz1xfU9YK00 

13/06/2012 TechCentral ezine LRC Summer School Irish mobile app developers 

must think global, says LRC 







must think global, says 

Localisation Research Centre 

http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/News/Irish_ 

mobile_app_developers_must_think_global_ 

says_Localisation_Research_Centre.html 

13/06/2012 Polish Interpreting (www. 

polish-interpreting.co.uk) 



urged to localise … 

http://polish-interpreting.co.uk/2012/06/13/ 

irish-mobile-app-developers-urged-to-localise/ 



W3C Multilingual Web 

Workshop 

Internet experts in Dublin to 

talk about multilingual web 


item/27759-internet-experts-in-dublin/ 





W3C Multilingual Web 

Workshop 

CNGL researchers at 

heart of efforts to facilitate 

Internationalisation of Web 

http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/News/CNGL_ 

researchers_at_heart_of_efforts_to_facilitate_ 

Internationalisation_of_Web.html 

17/06/2012 Sunday Business Post Xcelerator/DCU 

collaboration 

Translation is finally brought 

up to speed



30/06/2012 Limerick Leader – County 

Edition 

Influence of LRC in 



Cetra Ireland’s new office Page 20 

30/06/2012 Limerick Leader Influence of LRC in 




30/06/2012 Limerick Leader West 

Edition 

Influence of LRC in 




11/07/2012 Multilingual E-Zine Xcelerator/DCU 

collaboration 

02/08/2012 East Cork Journal International Linguistics 

Olympiad 

Commercialisation Fund 

Project 

Cork participating in 

International Linguistics 

Olympiad 

http://www.multilingual.com/ 

mlNewsArchiveDetail.phpid=2521 

Page 16 




Olympiad 

Four Irish students in 

Slovenia to battle it out in 



item/28660-four-irish-students-in/ 

03/08/2012 World Irish (www.worldirish. 

com) 


Olympiad 

Four Irish Students Compete 

in International Linguistics 

Olympiad in Slovenia 

http://m.worldirish.com/listening-post/view/ 

four-irish-students-compete-in-internationallinguistics-olympiad-in-slovenia-1641 



Innovation Showcase 

CNGL Localisation 

Innovation Showcase 2012 

http://www.siliconrepublic.com/events/ 

event/2859-cngl-localisation-in 



LRC Conference 

Localisation conference in 

Limerick to focus on social 

trends 


item/29199-localisation-conference-in/ 

13/09/2012 www.newswhip.com LRC Conference Localisation conference in 

Limerick to focus on social 

trends 

21/09/2012 Irish Independent Language Advocacy Only one in 25 primary 

pupils learn a language 

21/09/2012 Limerick Post LRC Conference Twitter trends to aid 

translation 

http://www.newswhip.com/MoreInfo/ 

Localisation-conference-in-Limerick-to-f/7480567 

11 

Page 86 

21/09/2012 Galway City Tribune KantanMT spinout 

recruitment drive 

Cloud-based operation 

seeks people ‘hungry for a 

challenge’ 

Page 10 

25/09/2012 Tech Central (www. 

techcentral.ie) 

META-NET White Paper 

Most European languages 

not ready for ‘digital age’ 


aspxid=19947 



Qun Liu joins CNGL 

Prof Qun Liu, Professor Of 

Machine Translation 

http://www.siliconrepublic.com/careers/ 

appointments/984-prof-qun-liu-centre-for 

26/09/2012 The Sociable (http:// 

sociable.co) 

META-NET White Paper 

Most European languages 

“unlikely to survive in the 

digital age” 

http://sociable.co/technology/most-europeanlanguages-unlikely-to-survive-in-the-digital-age/ 

26/09/2012 Multilingual E-Zine Qun Liu joins CNGL Centre for Next Generation 

Localisation appoints 

Professor of Machine 

Translation 

26/09/2012 Gaelport META-NET White Paper Bagairt don Ghaeilge sa ré 

dhigiteach 


mlNewsArchiveDetail.phpid=2526#8441 

http://www.gaelport.com/ 

nuachtNewsItemID=8677

140 




27/09/2012 Radio na Gaeltachta META-NET White Paper Cormac ag a cuig http://www.rte.ie/radio/radioplayer/ 

rteradioweb.html#!rii=17%3A3402740%3A1159 

8%3A27%2D09%2D2012%3A 

28/09/2012 Newstalk – Splanc META-NET White Paper Agallamh le Ailbhe Ní 

Chasaide 

30/09/2012 The Sunday Times META-NET White Paper Briefing Digital Irish: Lost for 

Words 

http://www.newstalk.ie/programmes/all/ 

splanc/ 

Page 16 

October/ 

November 

2012 Issue 

Multilingual Magazine Localisation Localization for the long tail: 

Part 1 (article by Dr David 

Filip, CNGL at UL) 

03/10/2012 Siliconrepublic.com META-NET White Paper Irish language at risk of 

digital extinction, research 

shows 

19/11/2012 South East Radio Cipherion Translations Mark Rodgers of Cipherion 

Translations on fruits of 

collaboration with CNGL at 

DCU (17 mins 45 secs) 


item/29483-irish-language-at-risk-of/ 

https://www.youtube.com/ 

watchv=zEhEPaPzZXU 

December 

2012 Issue 

Multilingual Magazine Localisation Localization for the long tail: 

Part 2 (article by Dr David 

Filip, CNGL at UL) 

02/12/2012 Sunday Business Post Emizar Emizar 

19/12/2012 Multilingual E-Zine LORG parser LORG natural language 

parser 


mlNewsArchiveDetail.phpid=2532#8521 

25/12/2012 Antrim Times All Ireland Linguistics 

Olympiad 

Successful year for Antrim 

Grammar 

Page 6

Centre for Next Generation Localisation 


Dublin 9, Ireland 

Tel: +353-1-700 6700 

Fax: +353-1-700 6702 

Email: info@cngl.ie 

www.cngl.ie

CNGL Annual Report 2012

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