RESEARCH METHOD COHEN ok
RESEARCH METHOD COHEN ok RESEARCH METHOD COHEN ok
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 251 Geographical Information Systems While not exactly a simulation, the computerbased Geographical Information Systems are becoming increasingly used in educational research, for example in discussing patterns of student recruitment and school choice. Educational policy frequently has geographical implications and dimensions, e.g. catchment areas, school closures, open enrolment and school choice, the distribution of resources and financial expenditure, the distribution of assessment scores and examination results. Geographical Information Systems is a computer-based system for capturing, storing, validating, analysing and displaying spatial data, both large scale and small scale, integrating several types of data from different sources (Worrall 1990; Parsons et al. 1996; Gorard et al. 2002). This is useful for teasing out the implications and outcomes of policy initiatives, for example: ‘What is the effect of parental choice on school catchments’; ‘What is the spread of examination scores in a particular region’; ‘How effective is the provision of secondary schools for a given population’; ‘How can a transport system be made more effective for taking students to and from school’; ‘What is the evidence for the creation of ‘magnet’ and ‘sink’ schools in a particular city’. Examples of the data presented here are given in Boxes 10.2 and 10.3. Clearly the political sensitivity and significance of these kinds of data are immense, indicating how research can inform policy-making and its effects very directly. Parsons et al. (1996)provide a straightforward, fully referenced introduction to this field of research in education, and they present case studies of catchment areas and examination performance, the redistribution of school catchments, and the pattern of movements in catchments. Readers wishing to research Geographical Information Systems (GIS) on the Internet can access several sites by keying in ‘education research Geographical Information Systems’ on a search engine for the Internet or by visiting the following web sites: Chapter 10 Box 10.2 Geographical Information Systems in secondary schools School A Scale 0 300m School B Notes Pupils at school A Pupils at schools A and B Pupils at school B Catchment boundary Source: Parsons et al.1996
252 INTERNET-BASED RESEARCH AND COMPUTER USAGE Box 10.3 Location of home postcodes using Geographical Information Systems School A Scale 0 300m School B Notes Pupils at school A Pupils at school B Pupils at schools A and B Catchment boundary Line defining 100m buffer Source: Parsons et al.1996 http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.html (a GIS World Wide Web resource list) http://www.tec.army.mil/gis/ (includes Education links) http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gis gateway.html (GIS resources from the US census bureau) http://www.geo.uni-bonn.de/members/haack/gisinfo. html (European link server) http://unr.edu/homepage/daved/gislinks.html (GIS resources over the Internet)
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252 INTERNET-BASED <strong>RESEARCH</strong> AND COMPUTER USAGE<br />
Box 10.3<br />
Location of home postcodes using Geographical Information Systems<br />
School A<br />
Scale<br />
0 300m<br />
School B<br />
Notes<br />
Pupils at school A Pupils at school B Pupils at schools A and B<br />
Catchment boundary Line defining 100m buffer<br />
Source: Parsons et al.1996<br />
http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.html (a GIS<br />
World Wide Web resource list)<br />
http://www.tec.army.mil/gis/ (includes Education<br />
links)<br />
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gis gateway.html<br />
(GIS resources from the US census bureau)<br />
http://www.geo.uni-bonn.de/members/haack/gisinfo.<br />
html (European link server)<br />
http://unr.edu/homepage/daved/gislinks.html (GIS<br />
resources over the Internet)
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