post-colonial_translation

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Translation and literary history 187 temporal space. Like literary texts that continue to belong to their original periods and styles and also exist through successive chronological periods, translation at once approximates the original and transcends it. The problems in translation study are, therefore, very much like those in literary history. They are the problems of the relationship between origins and sequentiality. And as in translation study so in literary history, the problem of origin has not been tackled satisfactorily. The point that needs to be made is that probably the question of origins of literary traditions will have to be viewed differently by literary communities with ‘translating consciousness’. The fact that Indian literary communities do possess this translating consciousness can be brought home effectively by reminding ourselves that the very foundation of modern Indian literatures was laid through acts of translation, whether by Jayadeva, Hemcandra, Michael Madhusudan Dutta, H.N. Apte or Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. We began our discussion by alluding to the Christian metaphysics that conditions reception of translation in the Western world. Let us allude to Indian metaphysics in conclusion. Indian metaphysics believes in an unhindered migration of the soul from one body to another. Repeated birth is the very substance of all animate creations. When the soul passes from one body to another, it does not lose any of its essential significance. Indian philosophies of the relationship between form and essence, structure and significance are guided by this metaphysics. The soul, or significance, is not subject to the laws of temporality; and therefore significance, even literary significance, is ahistorical in Indian view. Elements of plot, stories, characters, can be used again and again by new generations of writers because Indian literary theory does not lay undue emphasis on originality. If originality were made a criterion of literary excellence, a majority of Indian classics would fail the test. The true test is the writer’s capacity to transform, to translate, to restate, to revitalize the original. And in that sense Indian literary traditions are essentially traditions of translation. Note 1 I have quoted here from my notes of a lecture given by Professor J. Hills Miller at the IX Centenary Celebration Symposium of the University of Bologna, Italy, in October 1988. I have quoted his words without any changes.
188 Ganesh Devy References Catford, J.C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation (London: Oxford University Press). Jakobson, R. (1959) ‘On linguistic aspects of translation’, in R.A. Brower, (ed.), On Translation (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press).
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Post-colonial Translation This outs
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Post-colonial Translation Theory an
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To André Lefevere (1945-1996), who
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viii Contents 6 A.K. Ramanujan’s
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Contributors Rosemary Arrojo is Ass
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xii Contributors Bangalore Universi
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2 Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi
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10 Susan Bassnett and Harish Trived
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20 Maria Tymoczko be sure) in which
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22 Maria Tymoczko in practice by th
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24 Maria Tymoczko translation, ther
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26 Maria Tymoczko In both cases the
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28 Maria Tymoczko which is frequent
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30 Maria Tymoczko meanings of names
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32 Maria Tymoczko hegemony means th
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34 Maria Tymoczko the dominant cult
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36 Maria Tymoczko Notes 1 See Ngãu
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38 Maria Tymoczko 32 Joyce, for exa
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40 Maria Tymoczko Tymoczko, M. (199
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42 G.J.V. Prasad This is a difficul
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44 G.J.V. Prasad The day rose into
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46 G.J.V. Prasad his childhood base
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48 G.J.V. Prasad sharply demarcates
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50 G.J.V. Prasad English. Almost al
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52 G.J.V. Prasad ‘So I have been
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54 G.J.V. Prasad complaint about Bh
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56 G.J.V. Prasad vibrant Indian Eng
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Chapter 3 Translating and interling
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60 Sherry Simon commercial transact
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62 Sherry Simon which he has select
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64 Sherry Simon them, making them f
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66 Sherry Simon writers. Translatio
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68 Sherry Simon Jeanne, the 12-year
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70 Sherry Simon texts an extremely
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72 Sherry Simon the creation of new
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74 Sherry Simon Brossard, N. (1987)
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76 André Lefevere An educated memb
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78 André Lefevere to tell the read
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80 André Lefevere incidentally, re
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82 André Lefevere (p. 130), the do
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84 André Lefevere father. The latt
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86 André Lefevere None of them can
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88 André Lefevere The courageous m
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90 André Lefevere The Northern Eur
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92 André Lefevere mouth of a canno
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94 André Lefevere Haren, O.Z. van.
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96 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira perspe
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98 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira parado
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100 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira novel
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102 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira betwe
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104 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira playf
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106 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira daemo
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108 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira alleg
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110 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira Choru
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112 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira 2 Har
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Chapter 6 A.K. Ramanujan’s theory
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116 Vinay Dharwadker His desire to
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118 Vinay Dharwadker specifically i
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120 Vinay Dharwadker the translator
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122 Vinay Dharwadker one. The Notes
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124 Vinay Dharwadker translation of
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126 Vinay Dharwadker heresari; this
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128 Vinay Dharwadker German) but, a
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130 Vinay Dharwadker Ramanujan’s
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132 Vinay Dharwadker him, he is the
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134 Vinay Dharwadker In pointing ou
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Page 151 and 152: 138 Vinay Dharwadker S A.K. Ramanuj
Page 153 and 154: 140 Vinay Dharwadker and the philos
Page 155 and 156: 142 Rosemary Arrojo upon the expedi
Page 157 and 158: 144 Rosemary Arrojo with Clarice Li
Page 159 and 160: 146 Rosemary Arrojo Kafka’s story
Page 161 and 162: 148 Rosemary Arrojo published trans
Page 163 and 164: 150 Rosemary Arrojo make. Cixous ha
Page 165 and 166: 152 Rosemary Arrojo through a certa
Page 167 and 168: 154 Rosemary Arrojo to be in the mo
Page 169 and 170: 156 Rosemary Arrojo Kafka and Joyce
Page 171 and 172: 158 Rosemary Arrojo inside of the f
Page 173 and 174: 160 Rosemary Arrojo References Ambr
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 8 Shifting grounds of excha
Page 177 and 178: 164 Vanamala Viswanatha and Sherry
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 9 Translation and literary
Page 197 and 198: 184 Ganesh Devy classification of t
Page 199: 186 Ganesh Devy linguistic levels o
Page 203 and 204: 190 Bibliography —— ‘Interrog
Page 205 and 206: 192 Bibliography Eliot, T.S. ‘Tra
Page 207 and 208: 194 Bibliography —— A Paixão s
Page 209 and 210: 196 Bibliography Schwab, R. The Ori
Page 211 and 212: 198 Bibliography von Humboldt, W. O
Page 213 and 214: 200 Name Index Ellenwood, Ray 175 E
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