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Cixous, Lispector and fidelity 159 according to its species, without violence, with the neutrality of the Creator’ If we compare the main scenes of the Cixous/Lispector affair to the one that depicts the boys from Comercolly begging for English books, it seems quite clear that the illusive fascination exercised by ‘the subject presumed to know’ does not by any means institute authority. If authority is ultimately a form of writing, it certainly belongs to those who have the means not only to write but, most of all, to impose a certain attitude and a certain reading upon this writing. As Gayatri C. Spivak elaborates on her well-known argument according to which ‘the subaltern cannot speak’, ‘even when the subaltern makes an effort to the death to speak, she is not able to be heard, and speaking and hearing complete the speech act’ (Spivak 1996, p. 292). In the asymmetrical ‘dialogue’ that takes place between G.H. and the cockroach, or G.H. and the black maid, for instance, the establishment of authority has been clearly and directly dependent on the dominant’s power to decide what to do both with the insect’s alleged wisdom and with the maid’s unwelcome writing on the wall. In G.H.’s elegant penthouse, the absent maid and the wise but helpless cockroach will not be adequately, or pacifically, heard no matter how and what they ‘speak’. Therefore, in G.H.’s exemplary ‘colonial’ space, the asymmetrical relationship which she establishes with her subaltern prevents her from actually ‘learning’ from the insect, her bizarre ‘subject presumed to know’, in a non-aggressive manner, or even from ‘collaborating’ with it. In such a context, if the dominant G.H. wants something from the other, she does not hesitate to destroy it in order to take possession of that which she desires. Similarly, in the perverse ‘dialogue’ which Cixous establishes with Lispector, who conveniently cannot talk back, the Brazilian author will not really ‘speak’ no matter how and what she wrote in her marginal language, because the completion of her ‘speech act’ – at least within the boundaries of this ‘dialogue’ – has been entirely dependent on Cixous’s power not only of deciding what Lispector is in fact allowed to say but, most of all, of being heard and taken seriously, no matter what she says. Thus, far from demonstrating the possibility of undoing the basic ‘masculine’ oppressive dichotomy between subject and object, which she appropiately associates with patriarchy and colonialism, Cixous’s textual approach to Lispector’s work is in fact an exemplary illustration of an aggressively ‘masculine’ approach to difference.
160 Rosemary Arrojo References Ambruster, C. (1983) ‘Hélène-Clarice: nouvelle voix’, Contemporary Literature 24 (2): 155. Barthes, R. (1977) ‘The death of the author’ and ‘From work to text’, Image. Music. Text, trans. S. Heath (New York: Hill & Wang, 1977). Castello, J. (1996) ‘Francesa divulga mistérios de clarice’, O Estado de São Paulo, 27 Oct. Chamberlain, L. (1992) ‘Gender and the metaphorics of translation’, Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology, ed. L. Venuti (New York and London: Routledge), 57–74. Cixous, H. (1975) ‘Le rire de la meduse’, L’arc 61: 39–54. — (1979a) ‘L’approche de Clarice Lispector’, Poétique 40: 408–19. — (1979b) Vivre l’orange/To Live the Orange (Paris: Des femmes). — (1980) Illa (Paris: Des femmes). — (1987) ‘Extrême fidélité’, Travessia 14: 20–31. — (1988) Writing Differences: Readings from the Seminar of Hélène Cixous, ed. S. Sellers (Milton Keynes: Open University Press). — (1989) L’heure de Clarice Lispector (Paris: Des femmes). — (1990) Readings: The Poetics of Blanchot, Joyce, Kafka, Kleist, Lispector, and Tsvetayeva, ed. V.A. Conley (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). — (1991a) Hélène Cixous’s ‘Coming to Writing’ and Other Essays, ed. D. Jenson (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press). — (1991b) Reading with Clarice Lispector, ed. V.A. Conley (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Conley, V.A. (1992) Hélène Cixous (New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf). Delisle, J. and Woodsworth, J. (eds) (1995) Translators through History (Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins). Felman, S. (1982) ‘To open the question’, Literature and Psychoanalysis (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press). — (1987) Jacques Lacan and the Adventure of Insight: Psychoanalysis in Contemporary Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press). Klobucka, A. (1994) ‘Hélène Cixous and the hour of Clarice Lispector’, Substance 73: 41–62. Lispector, C. (1961) A Maçã no Escuro (Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves; repr as The Apple in the Dark, trans. G. Rabassa, (New York: Knopf, 1967). — (1964) A Paixão segundo G.H. ( Rio de Janeiro: Editora do Autor; repr. as The Passion according to G.H., trans. R.W. Sousa, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). — (1973) Água Viva (Rio de Janeiro: Artenova; repr. as The Stream of Life, trans. E. Lowe and E. Fitz, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989). Moi, T. (1985) Sexual/Textual Politics (London and New York: Methuen).
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viii Contents 6 A.K. Ramanujan’s
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Contributors Rosemary Arrojo is Ass
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xii Contributors Bangalore Universi
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2 Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi
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10 Susan Bassnett and Harish Trived
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20 Maria Tymoczko be sure) in which
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22 Maria Tymoczko in practice by th
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24 Maria Tymoczko translation, ther
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26 Maria Tymoczko In both cases the
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28 Maria Tymoczko which is frequent
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30 Maria Tymoczko meanings of names
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32 Maria Tymoczko hegemony means th
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34 Maria Tymoczko the dominant cult
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36 Maria Tymoczko Notes 1 See Ngãu
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38 Maria Tymoczko 32 Joyce, for exa
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40 Maria Tymoczko Tymoczko, M. (199
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42 G.J.V. Prasad This is a difficul
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44 G.J.V. Prasad The day rose into
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46 G.J.V. Prasad his childhood base
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48 G.J.V. Prasad sharply demarcates
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50 G.J.V. Prasad English. Almost al
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52 G.J.V. Prasad ‘So I have been
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54 G.J.V. Prasad complaint about Bh
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56 G.J.V. Prasad vibrant Indian Eng
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Chapter 3 Translating and interling
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60 Sherry Simon commercial transact
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62 Sherry Simon which he has select
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64 Sherry Simon them, making them f
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66 Sherry Simon writers. Translatio
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68 Sherry Simon Jeanne, the 12-year
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70 Sherry Simon texts an extremely
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72 Sherry Simon the creation of new
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74 Sherry Simon Brossard, N. (1987)
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76 André Lefevere An educated memb
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78 André Lefevere to tell the read
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80 André Lefevere incidentally, re
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82 André Lefevere (p. 130), the do
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84 André Lefevere father. The latt
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86 André Lefevere None of them can
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88 André Lefevere The courageous m
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90 André Lefevere The Northern Eur
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92 André Lefevere mouth of a canno
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94 André Lefevere Haren, O.Z. van.
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96 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira perspe
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98 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira parado
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100 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira novel
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104 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira playf
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106 Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira daemo
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Page 129 and 130: 116 Vinay Dharwadker His desire to
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Page 133 and 134: 120 Vinay Dharwadker the translator
Page 135 and 136: 122 Vinay Dharwadker one. The Notes
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Page 155 and 156: 142 Rosemary Arrojo upon the expedi
Page 157 and 158: 144 Rosemary Arrojo with Clarice Li
Page 159 and 160: 146 Rosemary Arrojo Kafka’s story
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Page 169 and 170: 156 Rosemary Arrojo Kafka and Joyce
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Page 177 and 178: 164 Vanamala Viswanatha and Sherry
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Page 197 and 198: 184 Ganesh Devy classification of t
Page 199 and 200: 186 Ganesh Devy linguistic levels o
Page 201 and 202: 188 Ganesh Devy References Catford,
Page 203 and 204: 190 Bibliography —— ‘Interrog
Page 205 and 206: 192 Bibliography Eliot, T.S. ‘Tra
Page 207 and 208: 194 Bibliography —— A Paixão s
Page 209 and 210: 196 Bibliography Schwab, R. The Ori
Page 211 and 212: 198 Bibliography von Humboldt, W. O
Page 213 and 214: 200 Name Index Ellenwood, Ray 175 E
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