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Composing the other 91<br />

other than the legendary Jan Pieterszoon Koen), 165, 182–3, 192<br />

and 246. The fear of corruption is so great because it links up with<br />

the other fear, that of the ‘natives’, as stated in the form of an ‘epic<br />

allocution’ on pp. 182–3:<br />

But you, who shamelessly go against the laws,<br />

And live far too bitter with the natives of the land,<br />

Hold them in bondage, and want to flay the skin off their<br />

bodies,<br />

To increase your riches through their poverty,<br />

You yourselves are the cause of the rebellion of the common<br />

folk,<br />

You give birth to this mutiny, and to the city’s fall with it.<br />

Can your conscience still bear such a gnawing<br />

When you want to risk everything because of your greed,<br />

And dare to involve yourself, the city, and so many souls,<br />

Yes the state and the Maatschappij in this evil with such bad<br />

intent<br />

Finally, the fear of corruption also links up with the fear of the<br />

Portuguese, or rather, with the fear of the bad example the Portuguese<br />

had set and the Dutch are now about to follow, against the better<br />

advice of their leaders: ‘Through such an evil did the Lusitanian see<br />

his fall, / Where he cruelly oppressed the peoples of the land, / When<br />

right and justice were everywhere moved aside in favour of greed’<br />

(p. 183). As was to be expected, Haafner is more matter of fact about<br />

this corruption. He states that the members of the High Council of<br />

the Dutch Indies ‘have mostly achieved this rank by means of the<br />

lowest corruption and by the money they have extorted from the<br />

poor Indians in their former, subordinate positions’ (p. 117). He<br />

also describes in detail the custom of the yearly visit the governor of<br />

Amboina pays to all locations on the island. During that visit, the<br />

governor appoints ‘native’ officials, or ‘orangcayas’, everywhere,<br />

who are responsible for the yearly tribute. Haafner goes on to say<br />

(p. 121):<br />

If one such Indian chief, who has not applied for this hateful<br />

position, nor desires it, might refuse to fulfil the governor’s wishes,<br />

his fate is terrible – a certain governor of Amboina once had one<br />

of these unfortunate men, and for that reason, tied before the

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