What is an N95 respirator?
What is an N95 respirator?
What is an N95 respirator?
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<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
The NIOSH <strong>respirator</strong>y protection approval regulation (42 CFR 84) defines the term “<strong>N95</strong>” to refer to a filter class, not<br />
a <strong>respirator</strong>. However, m<strong>an</strong>y filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s have <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> class filter <strong>an</strong>d m<strong>an</strong>y people refer to them,<br />
<strong>an</strong>d have come to know them, as <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s. A filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong> that filters out at least 95% of<br />
airborne particles during “worse case” testing using a “most-penetrating” sized particle <strong>is</strong> given a 95 rating. 1 There are<br />
nine classes of NIOSH-approved particulate filtering <strong>respirator</strong>s available at th<strong>is</strong> time. 95% <strong>is</strong> the minimal level of<br />
filtration that will be approved by NIOSH. The N, R <strong>an</strong>d P designations refer to the filter's oil res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce as described<br />
in the table below.<br />
Filter Class<br />
Description<br />
<strong>N95</strong>, N99, N100 Filters at least 95%, 99%, 99.97% of airborne particles. Not res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>t to oil.<br />
R95, R99, R100 Filters at least 95%, 99%, 99.97% of airborne particles. Somewhat res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>t to oil.<br />
P95, P99, P100 Filters at least 95%, 99%, 99.97% of airborne particles. Strongly res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>t to oil.<br />
All NIOSH-approved filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s are marked with the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s name, the part number (P/N),<br />
the protection provided by the filter (e.g., <strong>N95</strong>, P100), <strong>an</strong>d “NIOSH.” Some filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s approved by<br />
NIOSH may have the NIOSH approval number (TC-84A-xxxx) as <strong>an</strong> additional identification marking. Th<strong>is</strong><br />
information <strong>is</strong> printed either on the face, exhalation valve (if one ex<strong>is</strong>ts), or head straps (see Figure 1). The lot number<br />
or date of m<strong>an</strong>ufacture may appear on the <strong>respirator</strong> or may be located on the packaging. View a l<strong>is</strong>ting of all NIOSHapproved<br />
particulate filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s. NIOSH also maintains a separate database of all NIOSHapproved<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s, inclusive of all <strong>respirator</strong> types on the Certified Equipment L<strong>is</strong>t.<br />
If a particulate filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong> does not have these markings as identified above <strong>an</strong>d does not<br />
appear on one of these l<strong>is</strong>ts, it has not been certified by NIOSH for occupational use.<br />
Figure 1<br />
1<br />
Reference: Rengasamy,S.,W.P.King, B.C.Eimer <strong>an</strong>d R.E. Shaffer.(2008). Filtration perform<strong>an</strong>ce of NIOSHapproved<br />
<strong>N95</strong> <strong>an</strong>d P100 filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s against 4 to 30 n<strong>an</strong>ometer-size n<strong>an</strong>oparticles. Journal of<br />
Occupational <strong>an</strong>d Environmental Hygiene 5(9):556-564.
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Healthcare-Related FAQs<br />
• Is a surgical mask <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a surgical <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
• C<strong>an</strong> the products with <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve be used in healthcare<br />
• Do <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s come in different sizes<br />
• How do I know what size I need<br />
• Do <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s come in different styles<br />
• Why do some <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s have <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve on the front<br />
• Does mo<strong>is</strong>ture build up in <strong>respirator</strong>s<br />
• <strong>What</strong> are the differences among these products<br />
• How long c<strong>an</strong> you wear the same <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
• C<strong>an</strong> it be used from Operating Room (OR) case to OR case or from patient to patient<br />
• Is cross contamination a concern if I wear the same <strong>N95</strong> from patient room to patient room<br />
• C<strong>an</strong> I take a <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> off in between patients or Operating Room cases<br />
• How should I store my <strong>N95</strong> in between patient encounters, in a healthcare setting<br />
• C<strong>an</strong> I infect myself from the droplets that accumulate on the outside of the <strong>respirator</strong><br />
• Do I need special training to wear <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> or do I put it on <strong>an</strong>d wear it like a surgical mask<br />
• C<strong>an</strong> we use <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> that has not been cleared by the FDA in a patient setting<br />
• <strong>What</strong> does it me<strong>an</strong> if a <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> approved by NIOSH <strong>an</strong>d cleared by the FDA<br />
Is a surgical mask <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
No. Surgical masks are not designed for use as particulate <strong>respirator</strong>s <strong>an</strong>d do not provide as much <strong>respirator</strong>y<br />
protection as <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>. Surgical masks provide barrier protection against droplets including large <strong>respirator</strong>y<br />
particles. Most surgical masks do not effectively filter small particles from the air <strong>an</strong>d do not prevent leakage around<br />
the edge of the mask when the user inhales. 2 The NIOSH Science Blog: <strong>N95</strong> Respirators <strong>an</strong>d Surgical Masks, posted<br />
10/15/2009, provides <strong>an</strong> expl<strong>an</strong>ation of the science behind <strong>an</strong>d the similarities/differences between NIOSH-approved<br />
particulate <strong>respirator</strong>s <strong>an</strong>d surgical masks.<br />
2 Reference: Rengasamy,S., B.C.Eimer, <strong>an</strong>d R.E.Shaffer. (2009) Filtration perform<strong>an</strong>ce of FDA-Cleared surgical<br />
masks. Journal International Society Respiratory Protection 26; 54-70.<br />
OSHA Video: The Difference Between Respirators <strong>an</strong>d Surgical Masks (scroll down page)<br />
The Difference Between Respirators <strong>an</strong>d Surgical Masks. U.S. Department of Labor Video, (2009, December 16).<br />
Th<strong>is</strong> video <strong>is</strong> available in Engl<strong>is</strong>h <strong>an</strong>d Sp<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>h <strong>an</strong>d <strong>is</strong> available for downloading.<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a surgical <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
A surgical <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> a NIOSH-approved <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> that has also been cleared by the Food <strong>an</strong>d Drug<br />
Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (FDA) as a surgical mask. These products are noted in red font on the table of NIOSH-approved <strong>N95</strong><br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s. For your convenience, a comprehensive table of these products appears below. If you have a product<br />
that you believe <strong>is</strong> FDA cleared that does not appear on th<strong>is</strong> table, you should verify the FDA clear<strong>an</strong>ce by contacting<br />
the FDA at 1-800-638-2041.<br />
The National Institute for Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health (NIOSH) <strong>is</strong> the U.S. Government agency responsible for<br />
the certification <strong>an</strong>d approval of <strong>respirator</strong>y protective devices for occupational use. The authority <strong>is</strong> gr<strong>an</strong>ted to<br />
NIOSH in accord<strong>an</strong>ce with conditions <strong>an</strong>d st<strong>an</strong>dards establ<strong>is</strong>hed in Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations<br />
(CFR), Part 84. It also addresses quality assur<strong>an</strong>ce requirements for the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturing of <strong>respirator</strong>y protective<br />
equipment. The approach to approval <strong>is</strong> that <strong>an</strong>ybody c<strong>an</strong> m<strong>an</strong>ufacture <strong>an</strong>d sell <strong>an</strong>y type of <strong>respirator</strong>y protective<br />
device, but only those that meet or exceed all of the requirements establ<strong>is</strong>hed in the 42 CFR 84 st<strong>an</strong>dards are<br />
acknowledged by NIOSH, <strong>an</strong>d only those that have been NIOSH certified may be marketed as a NIOSH-approved<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>.
The Food <strong>an</strong>d Drug Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (FDA) <strong>is</strong> the U.S. Government agency that oversees most medical products,<br />
foods, <strong>an</strong>d cosmetics. Within the FDA, the Center for Devices <strong>an</strong>d Radiological Health (CDRH) oversees the safety<br />
<strong>an</strong>d effectiveness of medical devices. Medical devices intended for use in preventing <strong>an</strong>d treating d<strong>is</strong>ease <strong>is</strong> subject<br />
to regulation under the device prov<strong>is</strong>ions of the Federal Food, Drug, <strong>an</strong>d Cosmetic Act. Th<strong>is</strong> includes surgical masks<br />
<strong>an</strong>d surgical <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s. The FDA has no role in the approval or clear<strong>an</strong>ce of <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s not intended for<br />
use as a medical device.<br />
Th<strong>is</strong> table of Surgical <strong>N95</strong>'s <strong>is</strong> provided as a courtesy. If you have a product that you believe <strong>is</strong> FDA cleared that does<br />
not appear on th<strong>is</strong> table, you should verify the FDA clear<strong>an</strong>ce by contacting the FDA at 1-800-638-2041.<br />
Supplier/<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ufacturer<br />
Contact<br />
Information<br />
Model Number/<br />
Product Line<br />
Approval<br />
Number<br />
Valve<br />
Yes or<br />
No<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ufacturer's<br />
Donning<br />
Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
3M Comp<strong>an</strong>y<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for 3M)<br />
888-3M HELPS or web<br />
form<br />
1860 (FDA) 84A-0006 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
72 KB (4 pages)<br />
3M Comp<strong>an</strong>y<br />
888-3M HELPS or web<br />
form<br />
1870 (FDA) 84A-3844 No PDF Only<br />
190 KB (1 page)<br />
Aearo Corporation<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Aearo<br />
Corporation)<br />
800-444-4774 Pleats Plus (FDA)<br />
<strong>N95</strong>1050 (FDA)<br />
1050S (FDA)<br />
1051 (FDA)<br />
1051S (FDA)<br />
1052 (FDA)<br />
84A-2630 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
205 KB (1 page)<br />
Aearo Corporation 800-444-4774 <strong>N95</strong>04C (FDA)<br />
<strong>N95</strong>04CS (FDA)<br />
84A-3715 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
14 KB (1 page)<br />
Aearo Corporation 800-444-4774 <strong>N95</strong>14C (FDA) 84A-4272 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
14 KB (1 page)<br />
Aearo Corporation 800-444-4774 Pleats Plus (FDA)<br />
1054S (FDA)<br />
1054 (FDA)<br />
84A-4320 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
205 KB (1 page)<br />
Alpha Pro Tech<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Alpha Pro<br />
Tech)<br />
800-749-1363 MAS 695 (FDA) 84A-0457 No PDF Only 211<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Cardinal Health [*E] 800-379-9929 <strong>N95</strong>-ML(FDA) 84A-3323 No PDF Only 842<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Cardinal Health [*E] 800-379-9929 <strong>N95</strong>-S(FDA) 84A-4107 No PDF Only 5.6<br />
MB (1 page)<br />
Dynarex Corporation [*E] 800-379-9929 2295(FDA) 84A-3323 No PDF Only 842<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Dynarex Corporation [*E] 800-379-9929 2296A(FDA) 84A-4541 No PDF Only 5.5<br />
MB (1 page)<br />
Emerald Medical Inc. [*E] 610-670-8571 <strong>N95</strong>00 (FDA) 84A-3323 No<br />
PDF Only 2.7<br />
MB (1 page)<br />
Foss M<strong>an</strong>ufacturing<br />
Comp<strong>an</strong>y<br />
603-929-6000 SpectraShield<br />
9500(FDA)<br />
84A-5199 No<br />
PDF Only 577<br />
KB (1 page)
GlaxoSmithCline<br />
Consumer Healthcare [*C]<br />
800-821-7236 ActiProtect UF<br />
(FDA)<br />
84A-5163 No PDF Only<br />
59 KB (1 page)<br />
H<strong>an</strong>den Heng Yong<br />
Protective<br />
<strong>an</strong>d Cle<strong>an</strong> Products<br />
Comp<strong>an</strong>y, Ltd.<br />
86-311-8551-8218<br />
86-311-8551-8968<br />
HY8510 (FDA) 84A-4276 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
105 KB (1 page)<br />
H<strong>an</strong>den Heng Yong<br />
Protective<br />
<strong>an</strong>d Cle<strong>an</strong> Products<br />
Comp<strong>an</strong>y, Ltd.<br />
86-311-8551-8218<br />
86-311-8551-8968<br />
HY9810 (FDA) 84A-4521 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
114 KB (1 page)<br />
Inovel, LLC [*J]<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Inovel, LLC)<br />
800-421-0668 1511 (FDA)<br />
1512 (FDA)<br />
1513 (FDA)<br />
1517 (FDA)<br />
Obsolete 08/2009<br />
84A-0013 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
Inovel, LLC 800-421-0668 1510 (FDA) 84A-4333 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
Inovel, LLC 866-546-6835 3211<strong>N95</strong>-S (FDA)<br />
321<strong>N95</strong>-M/L (FDA)<br />
3217N-95-LP (FDA)<br />
Inovel, LLC 866-546-6835 FR<strong>N95</strong>-S (FDA)<br />
FR<strong>N95</strong>-ML (FDA)<br />
FR<strong>N95</strong>-A (FDA)<br />
FR<strong>N95</strong>-XS (FDA)<br />
Inovel, LLC 866-546-6835 FR<strong>N95</strong>-SEZ (FDA)<br />
FR<strong>N95</strong>-MLEZ<br />
(FDA)<br />
Inovel, LLC 866-546-6835 3001<strong>N95</strong>-S (FDA)<br />
3002<strong>N95</strong>-M (FDA)<br />
3003<strong>N95</strong>-L (FDA)<br />
3004<strong>N95</strong>-LP (FDA)<br />
Inovel, LLC 866-546-6835 3101<strong>N95</strong>-S (FDA)<br />
3102<strong>N95</strong>-M/L<br />
(FDA)<br />
84A-4338 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
84A-4100 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
84A-4101 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
84A-4102 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
84A-4103 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
Kimberly-Clark<br />
Corporation<br />
800-524-3577 46827 (FDA)<br />
46867 (FDA)<br />
84A-0005 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
2 MB (8 pages)<br />
Kimberly-Clark<br />
Corporation<br />
800-524-3577 46727 (FDA)<br />
46767 (FDA)<br />
84A-0010 No PDF Only<br />
2 MB (8 pages)<br />
Lou<strong>is</strong> M. Gerson Comp<strong>an</strong>y,<br />
Inc.<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Lou<strong>is</strong> M.<br />
Gerson Comp<strong>an</strong>y, Inc.)<br />
800-225-8623 1730 (FDA) 84A-0160 No PDF Only<br />
122 KB (1 page)<br />
Lou<strong>is</strong> M. Gerson Comp<strong>an</strong>y,<br />
Inc.<br />
800-225-8623 2130 (FDA)<br />
2131 (FDA)<br />
84A-4123 No PDF Only<br />
122 KB (1 page)<br />
Magid Glove <strong>an</strong>d Safety,<br />
LLC [*E]<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Magid Glove<br />
800-379-9929 910-<strong>N95</strong> (FDA) 84A-3323 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
842 KB (1 page)
<strong>an</strong>d Safety, LLC)<br />
Makrite Industries, Inc. 800-379-9929 910-<strong>N95</strong> (FDA) 84A-3323 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
842 KB (1 page)<br />
Makrite Industries, Inc. 800-379-9929 910-<strong>N95</strong>S (FDA) 84A-4107 No PDF Only<br />
5.6 MB (1 page)<br />
Makrite Industries, Inc. 800-379-9929 910-<strong>N95</strong>FMX 84A-4541 No<br />
PDF Only 5.6<br />
MB (1 page)<br />
Medline Industries, Inc.<br />
[*E]<br />
800-379-9929 NON24506 84A-3323 No<br />
PDF Only 842<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Medline Industries, Inc.<br />
[*E]<br />
800-379-9929 NON24507 84A-4107 No PDF Only 5.6<br />
MB (1 page)<br />
Moldex-Metric, Inc.<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Moldex-<br />
Metric, Inc.)<br />
800-421-0668 1511 (FDA)<br />
1512 (FDA)<br />
1513 (FDA)<br />
1517 (FDA)<br />
84A-0013 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
Moldex-Metric, Inc. 800-421-0668 2210G<strong>N95</strong>-XS<br />
(FDA)<br />
2211G<strong>N95</strong>-S (FDA)<br />
2212G<strong>N95</strong>-M/L<br />
(FDA)<br />
2217G<strong>N95</strong>-LP<br />
(FDA)<br />
84A-4339 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
Moldex-Metric, Inc. 800-421-0668 1510 (FDA) 84A-5171 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
Moldex-Metric, Inc. 800-421-0668 3211<strong>N95</strong>-S (FDA)<br />
3212<strong>N95</strong>-ML (FDA)<br />
3217<strong>N95</strong>-LP (FDA)<br />
84A-5172 No Donning Procedure<br />
User Instructions<br />
Moldex-Metric, Inc. 800-421-0668 1712 (FDA) 84A-5227 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
127 KB (2 pages)<br />
Precept Medical Products<br />
[*E]<br />
Precept Medical Products<br />
[*E]<br />
800-379-9929 65-3395 (FDA) 84A-3323 No<br />
800-379-9929 65-3395S (FDA) 84A-4107 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
182 KB (1 page)<br />
PDF Only<br />
182 KB (1 page)<br />
Prestige Ameritech 866-401-8972 RP88020 (FDA) 84A-5216 No PDF Only 256<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Safe Life Corporation 858-794-3200 B130 (FDA) 84A-5200 No PDF Only 759<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Safe Life Corporation 858-794-3200 B150 (FDA) 84A-5201 No<br />
PDF Only 759<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Sh<strong>an</strong>ghai Dasheng Health<br />
Products<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ufacture Comp<strong>an</strong>y,<br />
Ltd.<br />
86-21-5778-3126 DTC3M-1<br />
(FDA)<br />
84A-4331 No PDF Only 247<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Sh<strong>an</strong>ghai Dasheng Health 86-21-5778-3126 DTC3B 84A-4336 No PDF Only 247
Products<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ufacture Comp<strong>an</strong>y,<br />
Ltd.<br />
(FDA)<br />
KB (1 page)<br />
Sh<strong>an</strong>ghai G<strong>an</strong>gkai<br />
Purifying Products<br />
Comp<strong>an</strong>y, Ltd.<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Sh<strong>an</strong>ghai<br />
G<strong>an</strong>gkai Purifying Products<br />
Comp<strong>an</strong>y, Ltd.)<br />
86-21-5777-5401 GIKO 1400 (FDA) 84A-4282 No PDF Only<br />
78 KB (1 page)<br />
Shuenn Bao Shing<br />
Corporation<br />
Shuenn Bao Shing<br />
Corporation<br />
886-4-875-6141 AP0018 <strong>N95</strong> (FDA) 84A-4049 No<br />
886-4-875-6141 AP0028 (FDA) 84A-4175 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
63 KB (1 page)<br />
PDF Only<br />
65 KB (1 page)<br />
Speri<strong>an</strong> Respiratory<br />
Protection USA, LLC<br />
(D<strong>is</strong>tribution availability for all<br />
products l<strong>is</strong>ted for Speri<strong>an</strong><br />
Respiratory Protection USA,<br />
LLC)<br />
800-821-7236<br />
800-343-3411<br />
information@<br />
speri<strong>an</strong>protection.com<br />
1930 (FDA) 84A-0301 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
33 KB (1 page)<br />
Speri<strong>an</strong> Respiratory<br />
Protection USA, LLC<br />
800-821-7236<br />
800-343-3411<br />
information@<br />
speri<strong>an</strong>protection.com<br />
1940 (FDA) 84A-0301 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
594 KB (2 pages)<br />
Speri<strong>an</strong> Respiratory<br />
Protection USA, LLC<br />
Speri<strong>an</strong> Respiratory<br />
Protection USA, LLC<br />
800-821-7236<br />
800-343-3411<br />
information@<br />
speri<strong>an</strong>protection.com<br />
800-821-7236<br />
800-343-3411<br />
information@<br />
speri<strong>an</strong>protection.com<br />
HC-NB095 (FDA) 84A-4357 No PDF Only<br />
33 KB (1 page)<br />
HC-NB295F (FDA) 84A-4371 No PDF Only<br />
33 KB (1 page)<br />
Speri<strong>an</strong> Respiratory<br />
Protection USA, LLC<br />
800-821-7236<br />
800-343-3411<br />
information@<br />
speri<strong>an</strong>protection.com<br />
HC-NB095F (FDA) 84A-4372 No<br />
PDF Only<br />
33 KB (1 page)<br />
C - Private label of Speri<strong>an</strong> (800-821-7236)<br />
E - Private label of Makrite Industries, Inc. (800-749-1363)<br />
J - Private label of Moldex-Metric, Inc. (800-421-0668)<br />
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C<strong>an</strong> the products with <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve be used in healthcare<br />
Respirators with exhalation valves c<strong>an</strong> be used in a healthcare setting when it <strong>is</strong> not import<strong>an</strong>t to maintain a sterile<br />
field (<strong>an</strong> example of <strong>an</strong> acceptable practice would be when taking the temperature or blood pressure of a patient).<br />
Respirators with exhalation valves should not be used in situations where a sterile field <strong>is</strong> required (e.g. during <strong>an</strong><br />
invasive procedure in <strong>an</strong> operating or procedure room) because the exhalation valve allows unfiltered exhaled air to<br />
escape into the sterile field.<br />
Do <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s come in different sizes
Yes. The sizing differs with each <strong>respirator</strong> model. Some of the sizing options include small, small/medium, medium,<br />
medium/large, <strong>an</strong>d large. Particulate filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s, including those commonly referred to as <strong>N95</strong>s,<br />
are available in multiple size configurations that are variable <strong>an</strong>d not st<strong>an</strong>dardized across models.<br />
How do I know what size I need<br />
Fit testing <strong>is</strong> needed to determine if a particular size <strong>an</strong>d model of <strong>respirator</strong> provides you with <strong>an</strong> acceptable fit. Fit<br />
testing <strong>is</strong> model specific. Before you wear a <strong>respirator</strong> in <strong>an</strong> occupational setting, you must be fit tested in each<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> model you will wear.<br />
Do <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s come in different styles<br />
Yes. Filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s are available in a wide r<strong>an</strong>ge of colors, shapes, <strong>an</strong>d styles. Some styles will fit<br />
individuals better th<strong>an</strong> others <strong>an</strong>d certain styles may be more comfortable <strong>an</strong>d have better fitting character<strong>is</strong>tics. As<br />
long as the <strong>N95</strong> <strong>is</strong> NIOSH-approved, has been fit tested, <strong>an</strong>d <strong>is</strong> being used in accord<strong>an</strong>ce with the requirements of <strong>an</strong><br />
OSHA-compli<strong>an</strong>t <strong>respirator</strong> program, including appropriately donned by the user, then the wearer should receive the<br />
expected protection factor regardless of color, shape, or style.<br />
Below are some of the styles available.
Photos courtesy of 3M, Kimberly-Clark, <strong>an</strong>d Moldex.<br />
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Why do some <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s have <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve on the front<br />
The use of <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve reduces exhalation res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce, which makes it easier to breathe (exhale). Some users<br />
feel that a <strong>respirator</strong> with <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve keeps the face cooler <strong>an</strong>d reduces mo<strong>is</strong>ture build up inside the<br />
facepiece.<br />
Does mo<strong>is</strong>ture build up in <strong>respirator</strong>s<br />
The wearer’s <strong>respirator</strong>y secretions <strong>an</strong>d mo<strong>is</strong>t exhaled breath c<strong>an</strong> lead to mo<strong>is</strong>ture build-up in a <strong>respirator</strong>. While it <strong>is</strong><br />
possible for mo<strong>is</strong>ture to build up in a <strong>respirator</strong> with or without <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve, preliminary research shows that<br />
th<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong> unlikely.<br />
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<strong>What</strong> are the differences among these products<br />
Surgical, Medical, or Procedure Mask <strong>N95</strong> Respirator Surgical <strong>N95</strong> Respirator<br />
St<strong>an</strong>dard Earloop Mask<br />
Photo courtesy of Newton Safety/S<strong>an</strong>ax<br />
Molded Cup Style <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
Photo courtesy of Speri<strong>an</strong><br />
Molded Cup Style Surgical <strong>N95</strong><br />
<strong>respirator</strong><br />
Photo courtesy of Speri<strong>an</strong>
Surgical, Medical, or Procedure Mask <strong>N95</strong> Respirator Surgical <strong>N95</strong> Respirator<br />
St<strong>an</strong>dard Tie On Surgical Mask<br />
Photo courtesy of Newton Safety/S<strong>an</strong>ax<br />
Pleated style <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
Photo courtesy of Alpha TechPro<br />
Duck bill style Surgical <strong>N95</strong><br />
Photo courtesy of Kimberly Clark<br />
Duckbill surgical mask<br />
Flexwing style, one strap <strong>N95</strong><br />
<strong>respirator</strong><br />
Photo courtesy of Moldex<br />
Flexwing style, one strap,<br />
Duramesh cover Surgical <strong>N95</strong><br />
<strong>respirator</strong><br />
Photo courtesy of Moldex<br />
Molded Cone Surgical Mask<br />
Photo courtesy of 3M<br />
Photo courtesy of 3M<br />
Cup Style Surgical <strong>N95</strong><br />
<strong>respirator</strong> (interior <strong>an</strong>d exterior<br />
view)<br />
Photo courtesy of Lou<strong>is</strong> Gerson<br />
Evaluation, Testing <strong>an</strong>d Certification<br />
Cup Style <strong>an</strong>d Flat Fold <strong>N95</strong><br />
Respirators<br />
Photo courtesy of Newton Safety/S<strong>an</strong>ax<br />
Filter efficiency, breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce, fluid Evaluated, tested <strong>an</strong>d certified by Evaluated, tested <strong>an</strong>d certified
Surgical, Medical, or Procedure Mask <strong>N95</strong> Respirator Surgical <strong>N95</strong> Respirator<br />
res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce <strong>an</strong>d flammability data are<br />
reviewed by the FDA. Must demonstrate<br />
filtration efficiency no less th<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>other<br />
surgical mask already cleared by the<br />
FDA. (the minimum filtration level <strong>is</strong><br />
unspecified).<br />
Intended Use<br />
A surgical mask <strong>is</strong> intended to prevent the<br />
release of potential contamin<strong>an</strong>ts from the<br />
user into their immediate environment. It<br />
<strong>is</strong> also used to protect the wearer from<br />
large droplets, sprays <strong>an</strong>d splashes of<br />
body fluids.<br />
Purpose<br />
Barrier to splash, droplets, spit.<br />
Face Seal Fit<br />
Not designed to fit tight to face.<br />
User Seal Check Requirement<br />
Not designed for seal check.<br />
Filtration<br />
Does not effectively filter small particles<br />
from air.<br />
Leakage<br />
Leakage occurs around the edge of the<br />
mask when the user inhales.<br />
NIOSH as per the minimum<br />
perform<strong>an</strong>ce requirements like filter<br />
efficiency <strong>an</strong>d breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce.<br />
NIOSH approves 9 filter classes of<br />
which <strong>N95</strong> <strong>is</strong> the lowest.<br />
Occupational (including medical) use.<br />
Reduces wearer’s exposure to<br />
particles including small particle<br />
aerosols <strong>an</strong>d large droplets (all nonoil<br />
aerosols).<br />
Protects from exposure to airborne<br />
particles. In a healthcare setting,<br />
protects from exposure to biological<br />
aerosols including viruses <strong>an</strong>d<br />
bacteria.<br />
Designed to fit tight to face creating a<br />
seal around the perimeter of the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> to improve protection.<br />
Required each time a <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong><br />
donned.<br />
Effectively filters large <strong>an</strong>d small<br />
particles from air.<br />
When properly fitted <strong>an</strong>d donned,<br />
minimal leakage around edges of the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> when the user inhales.<br />
by NIOSH as per the minimum<br />
perform<strong>an</strong>ce requirements as <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>N95</strong> filtering facepiece<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>.<br />
FDA accepts filter efficiency <strong>an</strong>d<br />
breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce based on<br />
NIOSH test results from the<br />
NIOSH approval evaluation, <strong>an</strong>d<br />
reviews fluid res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce <strong>an</strong>d<br />
flammability data submitted by<br />
the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer for clear<strong>an</strong>ce<br />
of the <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> as a<br />
medical device for use in a<br />
surgical setting.<br />
C<strong>an</strong> be used in <strong>an</strong>y occupational<br />
setting where <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
<strong>is</strong> appropriate. Medical use<br />
where a sterile field needs to be<br />
maintained. Reduces wearer’s<br />
exposure to certain airborne<br />
particles (all non-oil aerosols)<br />
<strong>an</strong>d provides a barrier to<br />
splashes <strong>an</strong>d sprays.<br />
Protects from exposure to<br />
airborne particles <strong>an</strong>d barrier to<br />
splashes, droplets, <strong>an</strong>d sprays.<br />
In a healthcare setting, protects<br />
from exposure to biohazards<br />
including viruses <strong>an</strong>d bacteria.<br />
Designed to fit tight to face<br />
creating a seal around the<br />
perimeter of the <strong>respirator</strong> to<br />
improve protection.<br />
Required each time a <strong>respirator</strong><br />
<strong>is</strong> donned.<br />
Effectively filters large <strong>an</strong>d small<br />
particles from air.<br />
When properly fitted <strong>an</strong>d<br />
donned, minimal leakage around<br />
edges of the <strong>respirator</strong> when the<br />
user inhales.
Surgical, Medical, or Procedure Mask <strong>N95</strong> Respirator Surgical <strong>N95</strong> Respirator<br />
Use Limitations<br />
One time use (one patient encounter).<br />
Available sizes<br />
Generally only one size.<br />
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Single use. Should be d<strong>is</strong>carded<br />
when it becomes damaged or<br />
deformed; no longer forms <strong>an</strong><br />
effective seal to the face; becomes<br />
wet or v<strong>is</strong>ibly dirty; breathing through<br />
it becomes more difficult; or if it<br />
becomes contaminated with blood,<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>y or nasal secretions, or<br />
other bodily fluids from patients.<br />
Available in multiple size<br />
configurations. However, sizing <strong>is</strong> not<br />
st<strong>an</strong>dardized among approved<br />
models. Some of the sizing options<br />
include small, small/medium,<br />
medium, medium/large, <strong>an</strong>d large.<br />
Single use. Should be d<strong>is</strong>carded<br />
when it becomes damaged or<br />
deformed; no longer forms <strong>an</strong><br />
effective seal to the face;<br />
becomes wet or v<strong>is</strong>ibly dirty;<br />
breathing through it becomes<br />
more difficult; or if it becomes<br />
contaminated with blood,<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>y or nasal secretions,<br />
or other bodily fluids from<br />
patients.<br />
Available in multiple size<br />
configurations. However, sizing<br />
<strong>is</strong> not st<strong>an</strong>dardized among<br />
approved models. Some of the<br />
sizing options include small,<br />
small/medium, medium,<br />
medium/large, <strong>an</strong>d large.<br />
How long c<strong>an</strong> you wear the same <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong><br />
The current NIOSH service-time-limit recommendations for non-powered particulate filter <strong>respirator</strong>s are that filter<br />
elements should be replaced at the following frequencies:<br />
• The service life of all filters on NIOSH-approved <strong>respirator</strong>s <strong>is</strong> limited by considerations of hygiene, damage,<br />
<strong>an</strong>d breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce. All filters should be replaced whenever they are damaged, soiled, or causing<br />
noticeably increased breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce.<br />
• N-series filters generally should be used <strong>an</strong>d reused subject only to considerations of hygiene, damage, <strong>an</strong>d<br />
increased breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce. However, for dirty workplaces that could result in high filter loading (i.e., 200<br />
mg), service time for N-series filters should only be extended beyond 8 hours of use (continuous or<br />
intermittent) by performing <strong>an</strong> evaluation in specific workplace settings that demonstrates: (a) that extended<br />
use will not degrade the filter efficiency below the efficiency level specified in 42 CFR 84, or (b) that the total<br />
mass loading of the filter(s) <strong>is</strong> less th<strong>an</strong> 200 mg. These determinations would need to be repeated whenever<br />
conditions ch<strong>an</strong>ge or modifications are made to processes that could ch<strong>an</strong>ge the type of particulate<br />
generated in the user's facility.<br />
• For healthcare applications where use <strong>is</strong> for protection against confirmed or suspected 2009 H1N1<br />
influenza, please refer to: Interim Guid<strong>an</strong>ce on Infection Control Measures for 2009 H1N1 Influenza in Healthcare<br />
Settings, Including Protection of Healthcare Personnel.<br />
C<strong>an</strong> a <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> be used from Operating Room (OR) case to OR case or from patient to<br />
patient<br />
Used <strong>respirator</strong>s are considered contaminated <strong>an</strong>d ideally should be d<strong>is</strong>carded after each patient encounter.<br />
D<strong>is</strong>posable <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s worn during aerosol-generating procedures should be d<strong>is</strong>carded after the procedure.<br />
Healthcare facilities c<strong>an</strong> extend the use of d<strong>is</strong>posable <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s by training personnel to wear them during<br />
serial patient encounters without removing or re-donning between encounters. There <strong>is</strong> the r<strong>is</strong>k of <strong>respirator</strong><br />
contamination <strong>an</strong>d contact tr<strong>an</strong>sm<strong>is</strong>sion with th<strong>is</strong> practice where extended use of d<strong>is</strong>posable <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s could<br />
entail a r<strong>is</strong>k of contact tr<strong>an</strong>sm<strong>is</strong>sion by touching a contaminated surface of the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d subsequently touching<br />
the mucous membr<strong>an</strong>es of the face or a hypothetical r<strong>is</strong>k of re-aerosolization of virus from a used <strong>respirator</strong>. The r<strong>is</strong>k<br />
will be minimized if HCWs perform h<strong>an</strong>d hygiene every time before <strong>an</strong>d after touching the <strong>respirator</strong>.
For healthcare applications where use <strong>is</strong> for protection against confirmed or suspected 2009 H1N1, please refer to<br />
Interim Guid<strong>an</strong>ce on Infection Control Measures for 2009 H1N1 Influenza in Healthcare Settings, Including Protection<br />
of Healthcare Personnel <strong>an</strong>d Questions & Answers Regarding Respiratory Protection for Infection Control Measures<br />
for 2009 H1N1 Influenza among Healthcare Personnel for recommendations for the duration of wear for protection<br />
against the 2009 H1N1 exposure hazards.<br />
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Is cross contamination a concern if I wear the same <strong>N95</strong> from patient room to patient room<br />
Yes, especially if the <strong>respirator</strong> was worn in a room with <strong>an</strong>y type of aerosol generating procedure, or if the patient <strong>is</strong><br />
suspected of or confirmed with having the 2009 H1N1 virus. Although th<strong>is</strong> practice has the potential benefit of<br />
providing <strong>respirator</strong>y protection with limited supplies of <strong>respirator</strong>s, there <strong>is</strong> the r<strong>is</strong>k of <strong>respirator</strong> contamination <strong>an</strong>d<br />
contact tr<strong>an</strong>sm<strong>is</strong>sion. Extended use (i.e. use without removing or re-donning between encounters) of d<strong>is</strong>posable <strong>N95</strong><br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s could entail a r<strong>is</strong>k of contact tr<strong>an</strong>sm<strong>is</strong>sion by touching a contaminated surface of the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d<br />
subsequently touching the mucous membr<strong>an</strong>es of the face or a hypothetical r<strong>is</strong>k of re-aerosolization of virus from a<br />
used <strong>respirator</strong>. The prec<strong>is</strong>e bal<strong>an</strong>ce between r<strong>is</strong>k of contact tr<strong>an</strong>sm<strong>is</strong>sion <strong>an</strong>d benefit of extended use <strong>is</strong> unknown,<br />
although the r<strong>is</strong>k will be minimized if HCWs perform h<strong>an</strong>d hygiene every time before <strong>an</strong>d after touching the <strong>respirator</strong>.<br />
In general, wearing <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> over multiple encounters (while minimizing touching, removing, or re-donning<br />
between encounters) would be favored over re-use, as th<strong>is</strong> strategy <strong>is</strong> expected to involve less touching of the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d therefore less r<strong>is</strong>k of contact tr<strong>an</strong>sm<strong>is</strong>sion. For healthcare applications where use <strong>is</strong> for protection<br />
against confirmed or suspected 2009 H1N1, please refer to Interim Guid<strong>an</strong>ce on Infection Control Measures for 2009<br />
H1N1 Influenza in Healthcare Settings, Including Protection of Healthcare Personnel <strong>an</strong>d Questions & Answers<br />
Regarding Respiratory Protection for Infection Control Measures for 2009 H1N1 Influenza among Healthcare<br />
Personnel for recommendations for the duration of wear for protection against the 2009 H1N1 exposure hazards.<br />
C<strong>an</strong> I take a <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> off in between patients or Operating Room cases<br />
Used <strong>respirator</strong>s are considered contaminated <strong>an</strong>d ideally should be d<strong>is</strong>carded after each patient encounter. A user<br />
should never touch the contaminated front of the <strong>respirator</strong> with h<strong>is</strong> or her bare h<strong>an</strong>ds. H<strong>an</strong>ds should always be<br />
washed after donning <strong>an</strong>d doffing the <strong>respirator</strong>. Healthcare facilities implementing steps to extend the ex<strong>is</strong>ting supply<br />
of d<strong>is</strong>posable <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s by training personnel to re-use them (i.e. removing <strong>an</strong>d re-donning between patient<br />
encounters) refer to Questions & Answers Regarding Respiratory Protection for Infection Control Measures for 2009<br />
H1N1 Influenza among Healthcare Personnel for recommendations for the possible re-use of <strong>respirator</strong>s between<br />
patient encounters when used for protection against the 2009 H1N1 exposure hazards.<br />
How should I store my <strong>N95</strong> in between patient encounters, in a healthcare setting<br />
The m<strong>an</strong>ufacturers provide instructions for cle<strong>an</strong>ing, s<strong>an</strong>itizing, repairing, inspecting, <strong>an</strong>d storing their <strong>respirator</strong>s. The<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s should be packed or stored so that the <strong>respirator</strong>s do not become damaged or deformed. Never store<br />
d<strong>is</strong>posable <strong>respirator</strong>s in pockets, plastic bags, or other confined areas. Infectious material deposited on personal<br />
protective equipment may cause it to become a vehicle for direct or indirect tr<strong>an</strong>sm<strong>is</strong>sion. In those situations, care <strong>is</strong><br />
needed when removing <strong>an</strong>d storing personal protective equipment to avoid contaminating skin, clothing, <strong>an</strong>d mucous<br />
membr<strong>an</strong>es. Remove the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d either h<strong>an</strong>g it in a designated area or place it in a bag. (Consider labeling<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s with a user’s name before use to prevent reuse by <strong>an</strong>other individual.) In healthcare settings where the<br />
patients have confirmed or suspected 2009 H1N1 influenza, please refer to Questions & Answers Regarding<br />
Respiratory Protection for Infection Control Measures for 2009 H1N1 Influenza among Healthcare Personnel for<br />
recommendations for the possible storage of <strong>respirator</strong>s between patient encounters when used for protection<br />
against the 2009 H1N1 exposure hazards.<br />
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C<strong>an</strong> I infect myself from the droplets that accumulate on the outside of the <strong>respirator</strong><br />
Respirators protect by capturing particles with the filter of the <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>. Some aerosols c<strong>an</strong> pose a contact<br />
hazard for infection. The accumulation of particles on the external surface of the <strong>respirator</strong> may be <strong>an</strong> exposure<br />
hazard from contact with the filter, including becoming a fomite for infectious agents. Users should be cautious <strong>an</strong>d<br />
follow appropriate procedures to avoid self-inoculation from contact with these surfaces. H<strong>an</strong>d hygiene <strong>an</strong>d infection
control practices should be followed before <strong>an</strong>d after touching the outside of the <strong>respirator</strong> when it <strong>is</strong> used in the<br />
presence of infectious agents.<br />
Do I need special training to wear <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> or do I put it on <strong>an</strong>d wear it like a surgical mask<br />
The NIOSH certification requires <strong>respirator</strong>s to be put on, used <strong>an</strong>d maintained in accord<strong>an</strong>ce with the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer<br />
instructions <strong>an</strong>d a <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program that meets the requirements of the OSHA <strong>respirator</strong>y protection<br />
st<strong>an</strong>dard (29 CFR 1910.134). Training for all users <strong>is</strong> a m<strong>an</strong>datory part of OSHA’s <strong>respirator</strong> program requirements.<br />
Training <strong>is</strong> usually done at the same time that fit testing takes place. The OSHA st<strong>an</strong>dard contains required training<br />
elements. The m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer instructions for donning <strong>an</strong>d doffing for each br<strong>an</strong>d <strong>an</strong>d model may be model-specific<br />
<strong>an</strong>d must be followed. These instructions are located in the User Instructions provided, on the box or individual<br />
package of the <strong>respirator</strong>s. The m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s instruction for putting on (donning) the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> also included in<br />
the information provided in the NIOSH l<strong>is</strong>ting for approved d<strong>is</strong>posable <strong>respirator</strong>s.<br />
C<strong>an</strong> we use <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> that has not been cleared by the FDA in a patient setting<br />
NIOSH-certified <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s that have not been cleared by the FDA c<strong>an</strong> be used for <strong>respirator</strong>y protection to<br />
reduce the exposures of healthcare personnel in a patient setting to hazardous particulates. These <strong>respirator</strong>s have<br />
not been evaluated by FDA to determine whether they meet the fluid <strong>an</strong>d flammability res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce as required for FDA<br />
clear<strong>an</strong>ce as medical devices. For th<strong>is</strong> reason, they are not intended for use in exposure settings where the<br />
perform<strong>an</strong>ce of a surgical mask to maintain a sterile field <strong>is</strong> required.<br />
<strong>What</strong> does it me<strong>an</strong> if a <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> approved by NIOSH <strong>an</strong>d cleared by the FDA<br />
<strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s that are both certified by NIOSH <strong>an</strong>d cleared by FDA as medical devices for use by healthcare<br />
personnel are called “surgical <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s.” As with all NIOSH-certified <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s, these products have<br />
been evaluated by NIOSH certification process <strong>an</strong>d have demonstrated that they c<strong>an</strong> filter out a minimum of 95% of<br />
airborne particles under worse case test conditions. These products have also been evaluated by the FDA to have<br />
demonstrated <strong>an</strong> acceptable level of fluid <strong>an</strong>d flame res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce, which may be import<strong>an</strong>t in healthcare occupational<br />
settings, such as surgical suites. The FDA clear<strong>an</strong>ce process also requires that these products have labeling that <strong>is</strong><br />
relev<strong>an</strong>t to healthcare personnel, such as information about the presence of natural rubber latex.<br />
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Medical Evaluation FAQs<br />
• Are medical evaluations a must<br />
• Is a medical evaluation required for voluntary use of a <strong>respirator</strong> (i.e., when <strong>respirator</strong> use <strong>is</strong> not required by your<br />
employer)<br />
• C<strong>an</strong> the medical evaluation be completed when fit testing <strong>is</strong> performed or does it have to be completed prior Does it<br />
have to be done by a physici<strong>an</strong><br />
• How frequently does the medical evaluation have to be completed<br />
Are medical evaluations a must<br />
Yes, a medical evaluation <strong>is</strong> <strong>an</strong> element of the written <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program that <strong>is</strong> required by the<br />
Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (OSHA) (29 CFR 1910.134). The st<strong>an</strong>dard requires that if you are<br />
required to wear a <strong>respirator</strong> due to a potential hazard in your work environment, you must be fit-tested, trained, <strong>an</strong>d<br />
medically evaluated prior to having a <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong>sued.<br />
Is a medical evaluation required for voluntary use of a <strong>respirator</strong> (i.e., when <strong>respirator</strong> use <strong>is</strong> not<br />
required by your employer)<br />
It depends on the type of <strong>respirator</strong> to be worn. A written <strong>respirator</strong> program, including medical evaluation, <strong>is</strong> required<br />
for the voluntary use of <strong>an</strong>y <strong>respirator</strong> except filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s. An <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong> often used by<br />
healthcare personnel <strong>is</strong> <strong>an</strong> example of a filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>.
C<strong>an</strong> the medical evaluation be completed when fit testing <strong>is</strong> performed or does it have to be<br />
completed prior Does it have to be done by a physici<strong>an</strong><br />
The medical evaluation determines your ability to use a <strong>respirator</strong>. It <strong>is</strong> required to be completed before you are fit<br />
tested <strong>an</strong>d before the dec<strong>is</strong>ion <strong>is</strong> made that you are required to use a <strong>respirator</strong> in the work environment. It <strong>is</strong><br />
m<strong>an</strong>datory that you be evaluated by a physici<strong>an</strong> or other licensed healthcare professional (PLHCP) who provides a<br />
written recommendation regarding your ability to use <strong>respirator</strong>s. The physici<strong>an</strong> or other licensed healthcare<br />
professional (PLHCP) needs to be <strong>an</strong> individual whose legally permitted scope of practice (i.e., license, reg<strong>is</strong>tration,<br />
or certification) allows him or her to independently provide, or be delegated the responsibility to provide, some or all<br />
of the healthcare services required in the medical evaluation.<br />
If your employer opts to perform medical evaluations utilizing a medical questionnaire, the completed questionnaire <strong>is</strong><br />
sent to the healthcare professional for review. Depending on your <strong>an</strong>swers to the questionnaire, you may be required<br />
to have a follow-up medical evaluation before being allowed to wear a <strong>respirator</strong>.<br />
How frequently does the medical evaluation have to be completed<br />
Medical evaluation <strong>is</strong> required once, prior to initial fit testing <strong>an</strong>d use, if you are required to use a <strong>respirator</strong> in your<br />
workplace. However, the medical evaluation may need to be repeated if you, your superv<strong>is</strong>or, or your <strong>respirator</strong>y<br />
program admin<strong>is</strong>trator recognize signs or symptoms that may affect your ability to use the assigned <strong>respirator</strong>, or a<br />
physici<strong>an</strong> or other licensed healthcare professional (PLHCP), determines that a condition ex<strong>is</strong>ts which causes you to<br />
need <strong>an</strong>other medical evaluation.<br />
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Selection FAQs<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the appropriate <strong>respirator</strong> to use in a particular environment<br />
• <strong>What</strong> do you do with employees who have facial hair (<strong>What</strong> if the beard or mustache <strong>is</strong> small enough that it <strong>is</strong><br />
contained inside the <strong>respirator</strong>)<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the difference between air-purifying <strong>an</strong>d air-supplied <strong>respirator</strong>s<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the difference between a filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d <strong>an</strong> elastomeric<br />
• We are having a hard time getting our usual br<strong>an</strong>d of <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s. If we purchase <strong>an</strong>other br<strong>an</strong>d or model, do we<br />
need to fit test all of our employees again<br />
• Respirator M<strong>an</strong>ufacturer Prior Names<br />
• C<strong>an</strong> I use <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong> for protection against exposures to gases or vapors, such as<br />
glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde<br />
• Why do I need to know the concentration of a contamin<strong>an</strong>t that may present <strong>an</strong> inhalation hazard<br />
• How do I figure out what protection I need the <strong>respirator</strong> to provide Why c<strong>an</strong>’t I just buy a <strong>respirator</strong> that will protect<br />
me from everything<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the appropriate <strong>respirator</strong> to use in a particular environment<br />
Your employer <strong>is</strong> responsible for selecting <strong>an</strong> appropriate <strong>respirator</strong> for you. Your employer’s designated <strong>respirator</strong>y<br />
protection program admin<strong>is</strong>trator c<strong>an</strong> ass<strong>is</strong>t you with <strong>respirator</strong> selection. He/she admin<strong>is</strong>ters <strong>an</strong>d oversees the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>y protection program at your workplace according to the Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration’s<br />
(OSHA) <strong>respirator</strong>y protection st<strong>an</strong>dard at (29 CFR 1910.134).<br />
The following resources may also be helpful:<br />
• A series of questions in the NIOSH Respirator Selection Logic Sequence that will allow you to determine the<br />
appropriate class of <strong>respirator</strong> to use.<br />
• The NIOSH Trusted-Source web page for more information on everything about <strong>respirator</strong>s.<br />
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Respiratory Protection Program.
<strong>What</strong> do you do with employees who have facial hair (<strong>What</strong> if the beard or mustache <strong>is</strong> small<br />
enough that it <strong>is</strong> contained inside the <strong>respirator</strong>)<br />
Tight-fitting <strong>respirator</strong>s require the wearer’s face to be cle<strong>an</strong> shaven where the <strong>respirator</strong>’s seal comes in contact with<br />
the skin. If the facial hair does not extend far enough to interfere with the device’s seal in <strong>an</strong>y way, or interfere with<br />
the function of the exhalation valve, the wearer may wear it with the approval of the <strong>respirator</strong>y protection<br />
admin<strong>is</strong>trator. Loose-fitting <strong>respirator</strong>s, such as Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) with loose-fitting hoods,<br />
do not form a tight seal with the face <strong>an</strong>d, therefore, do not require the wearer to have a cle<strong>an</strong> shaven face. Loosefitting<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s (i.e. <strong>respirator</strong>s with loose-fitting hoods or helmets) are the only type of <strong>respirator</strong>s that may be worn<br />
with facial hair <strong>an</strong>d do not require fit testing.<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the difference between air-purifying <strong>an</strong>d air-supplied <strong>respirator</strong>s<br />
Air-purifying <strong>respirator</strong>s (APR) work by removing contamin<strong>an</strong>ts from the air. APRs include particulate <strong>respirator</strong>s,<br />
which filter out airborne particles, <strong>an</strong>d “gas masks,” which filter out vapors <strong>an</strong>d gases. Air-supplying <strong>respirator</strong>s (ASR)<br />
protect employees by supplying cle<strong>an</strong> breathable air from <strong>an</strong>other source. ASRs include airline <strong>respirator</strong>s, which use<br />
compressed air from a remote source; <strong>an</strong>d self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBAs), which include their own<br />
air supply. View more information about air-purifying <strong>an</strong>d air-supplied <strong>respirator</strong>s.<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the difference between a filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d <strong>an</strong> elastomeric<br />
As the name implies, a filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> one in which the entire facepiece <strong>is</strong> compr<strong>is</strong>ed of the filter<br />
material. Elastomeric <strong>respirator</strong>s are compr<strong>is</strong>ed of a molded facepiece to which replaceable filtering cartridges are<br />
attached. View more details <strong>an</strong>d photos of the different types of <strong>respirator</strong>s.<br />
We are having a hard time getting our usual br<strong>an</strong>d of <strong>N95</strong> <strong>respirator</strong>s. If we purchase <strong>an</strong>other<br />
br<strong>an</strong>d or model, do we need to fit test all of our employees again<br />
Yes. A fit test only qualifies the user to put on (don) one specific br<strong>an</strong>d/make/model/size of <strong>respirator</strong>. However, it <strong>is</strong><br />
only necessary to fit test those employees whose duties require them to wear a <strong>respirator</strong>. Therefore, you may not<br />
need to fit test “all” of your employees. If “all” employees are likely to be at r<strong>is</strong>k of exposure to airborne contamin<strong>an</strong>ts<br />
you may w<strong>an</strong>t to consider a phased in fit testing program allowing the facility to have more time to eventually properly<br />
fit test the employees.<br />
You should only wear the specific br<strong>an</strong>d, model, <strong>an</strong>d size <strong>respirator</strong>s you wore during successful fit tests. [Note:<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> sizing <strong>is</strong> variable <strong>an</strong>d not st<strong>an</strong>dardized across models or br<strong>an</strong>ds. For example, a medium in one model may<br />
not offer the same fit as a different m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s medium model.]<br />
Respirator M<strong>an</strong>ufacturer Prior Names<br />
Due to the tr<strong>an</strong>sitive nature of comp<strong>an</strong>y holdings, if the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturing comp<strong>an</strong>y you are looking for does not appear,<br />
please refer to the parent comp<strong>an</strong>y l<strong>is</strong>ted under the notes column for product information. A l<strong>is</strong>t of Respirator<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ufacturer Prior Names <strong>is</strong> provided as a service to users <strong>an</strong>d may not be all inclusive due to NIOSH not being<br />
notified of name ch<strong>an</strong>ges, mergers, etc.<br />
C<strong>an</strong> I use <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong> for protection against exposures to gases or<br />
vapors, such as glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde<br />
<strong>N95</strong> filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s do not provide protection against gas <strong>an</strong>d vapor exposures. <strong>N95</strong> filtering facepiece<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s should not be used for <strong>respirator</strong>y protection in workplaces where hazardous gases or vapors are present,<br />
unless the concentration of the gases or vapors <strong>is</strong> below the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) or OSHA<br />
perm<strong>is</strong>sible exposure limit (PEL). An <strong>N95</strong> <strong>is</strong> designed to remove particles from the air you breathe, such as metal<br />
fumes (for example, fumes cause by welding), mineral or dust particles, or even biological particles like viruses;<br />
however, it will do nothing to remove glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, or other gases or vapors. If harmful gases are<br />
present in amounts greater th<strong>an</strong> the exposure limits, you will probably need a <strong>respirator</strong> that uses special cartridges<br />
or c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ters containing specially treated charcoal to remove the harmful gas before you inhale it into your lungs. To
find what level of a particular chemical <strong>is</strong> harmful <strong>an</strong>d what protection you should use, consult the NIOSH Pocket<br />
Guide to Chemical Hazards or the chemical’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).<br />
Why do I need to know the concentration of a contamin<strong>an</strong>t that may present <strong>an</strong> inhalation hazard<br />
The concentrations of harmful gases, vapors, or particulates <strong>is</strong> part of the information used to determine what type of<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>y protection (i.e., the class of <strong>respirator</strong>) <strong>is</strong> needed to protect you from inhaling them in hazardous<br />
concentrations. The concentrations of infectious bioaerosols are generally not easily measured or determined.<br />
Therefore, the determination of <strong>an</strong> appropriate type of <strong>respirator</strong>y protection to be used for bioaerosol exposures <strong>is</strong><br />
generally made using professional judgment.<br />
How do I figure out what protection I need the <strong>respirator</strong> to provide Why c<strong>an</strong>’t I just buy a<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> that will protect me from everything<br />
An air-purifying <strong>respirator</strong> (APR) that would remove all types of hazardous contamin<strong>an</strong>ts from the air you breathe<br />
(universal <strong>respirator</strong>y protection) just does not ex<strong>is</strong>t. The <strong>respirator</strong> that comes closest would be <strong>an</strong> air-supplying<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> (ASR), which uses “cle<strong>an</strong>” breathing air either from a remote source or carried by the wearer. ASRs are<br />
either self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with cylinders of breathing gases or supplied air <strong>respirator</strong>s (SAR),<br />
also known as airline <strong>respirator</strong>s that use air supplied from a remote location. For most healthcare situations, ASRs<br />
require signific<strong>an</strong>tly more mainten<strong>an</strong>ce <strong>an</strong>d provide much higher protection th<strong>an</strong> needed for the <strong>respirator</strong>y hazards.<br />
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Fit Test FAQs<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>respirator</strong> fit test<br />
• Why <strong>is</strong> fit testing necessary<br />
• Are there different methods for <strong>respirator</strong> fit testing<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the difference between a qualitative <strong>an</strong>d qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit test<br />
• How <strong>is</strong> qualitative fit testing performed<br />
• How <strong>is</strong> qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit testing performed<br />
• Are <strong>respirator</strong> fit tests required<br />
• How often must fit testing be done<br />
• Once I am fit tested c<strong>an</strong> I use <strong>an</strong>y br<strong>an</strong>d / make / model <strong>respirator</strong> as long as it <strong>is</strong> the same size<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>respirator</strong> user seal check<br />
• When should a user seal check be done<br />
• How do I do a user seal check on a particulate <strong>respirator</strong><br />
• Do Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) require fit testing<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>respirator</strong> fit test<br />
A fit test <strong>is</strong> a test protocol conducted to verify that a <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> both comfortable <strong>an</strong>d correctly fits the user. Fit<br />
testing uses a test agent, either qualitatively detected by the wearer’s sense of taste, smell or involuntary cough<br />
(irrit<strong>an</strong>t smoke) or qu<strong>an</strong>titatively measured by <strong>an</strong> instrument, to verify the <strong>respirator</strong>’s fit. See questions related to<br />
qualitative <strong>an</strong>d qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit testing for more specific information.<br />
Why <strong>is</strong> fit testing necessary<br />
Fit testing each model of <strong>respirator</strong> the employee <strong>is</strong> to use in workplace tasks before their use <strong>is</strong> import<strong>an</strong>t to assure<br />
the expected level of protection <strong>is</strong> provided by minimizing the total amount of contamin<strong>an</strong>t leakage into the facepiece.<br />
The benefits of th<strong>is</strong> testing include better protection for the employee <strong>an</strong>d verification that the employee <strong>is</strong> wearing a<br />
correctly-fitting model <strong>an</strong>d size of <strong>respirator</strong>. Higher th<strong>an</strong> expected exposures to a contaminate may occur if users<br />
have poor face seals with the <strong>respirator</strong>, which c<strong>an</strong> result in excessive leakage.<br />
Are there different methods for <strong>respirator</strong> fit testing
Yes. Fit test methods are classified as either qualitative or qu<strong>an</strong>titative, <strong>an</strong>d there are multiple protocols of each<br />
classification that are OSHA-accepted, ANSI-accepted, or NIOSH-recommended. A qualitative fit test <strong>is</strong> a pass/fail<br />
test to assess the adequacy of <strong>respirator</strong> fit that relies on the individual’s sensory detection of a test agent. A<br />
qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit test numerically measures the effectiveness of the <strong>respirator</strong> to seal with the wearer’s face, without<br />
relying on the wearer’s voluntary or involuntary response to a test agent.<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the difference between a qualitative <strong>an</strong>d qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit test<br />
Qualitative fit testing (QLFT) relies on the <strong>respirator</strong> wearer’s senses to determine if there <strong>is</strong> a gap in the seal of the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> to the wearer’s face.<br />
The test agents used in the OSHA-accepted <strong>an</strong>d ANSI-accepted qualitative fit testing protocols are:<br />
• Saccharin – a sweet tasting solid aerosol;<br />
• Isoamyl acetate – a liquid that produces a sweet smelling vapor similar to b<strong>an</strong><strong>an</strong>as;<br />
• BitrexTM – a bitter tasting solid aerosol; <strong>an</strong>d<br />
• Irrit<strong>an</strong>t smoke – a solid aerosol made of st<strong>an</strong>nic oxychloride that produces hydrochloric acid when it comes<br />
in contact with water vapor. Exposure to the hydrochloric acid produces <strong>an</strong> involuntary cough reflex. [Note:<br />
NIOSH does not endorse or recommend the use of the irrit<strong>an</strong>t smoke fit test. NIOSH, in its formal comments<br />
to OSHA on the proposed rev<strong>is</strong>ion of 29 CFR 1910, 1915, <strong>an</strong>d 1926, strongly recommended against the use<br />
of th<strong>is</strong> fit test method because of the health r<strong>is</strong>k associated with exposure to the irrit<strong>an</strong>t smoke. That<br />
recommendation was primarily based on studies conducted as part of a NIOSH HHE (HETA 93-040-2315)<br />
<strong>an</strong>d described in Appendix A of the NIOSH comments to OSHA dated May 15, 1995 (docket H-049).]<br />
The test protocols include testing at a sensitivity level that demonstrates the user will be able to appropriately sense<br />
the presence of the test agent within the <strong>respirator</strong> by taste, smell or the urge to cough.<br />
Qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit testing (QNFT) uses fit testing instrument(s) to provide qu<strong>an</strong>titative, or numerical measurements of<br />
the amount of face seal leakage present when a given <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> donned by a particular user.<br />
How <strong>is</strong> qualitative fit testing performed<br />
The Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (OSHA) has included the accept<strong>an</strong>ce of <strong>respirator</strong> fit test<br />
protocols in it’s regulations at 29 CFR 1910.134. The OSHA-accepted fit test protocols c<strong>an</strong> be found at 29 CFR<br />
1910.134 appendix A. The Americ<strong>an</strong> National St<strong>an</strong>dards Institute’s ANSI Z88.10, Respirator Fit Testing Methods<br />
provides the step-by-step expl<strong>an</strong>ations for conducting the ANSI-accepted fit tests. While the OSHA regulations <strong>an</strong>d<br />
ANSI Z88.10 provide the procedures that must be used to conduct each of the accepted protocols, a general<br />
description of how the protocols are conducted <strong>is</strong> provided below for the convenience of the reader.<br />
Qualitative fit testing (QLFT)<br />
1. The protocols are initiated by first determining the wearer’s ability to detect the test agent (e.g. saccharin,<br />
<strong>is</strong>oamyl acetate, BitrexTM) at a sensitivity level that corresponds to less th<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong> acceptable fit before put on<br />
(donning) the tight-fitting facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>. The wearer enters <strong>an</strong> exposure chamber, has a test enclosure<br />
placed on h<strong>is</strong>/her head, or <strong>is</strong> positioned somewhere in <strong>an</strong> open test area <strong>an</strong>d the test agent <strong>is</strong> generated<br />
around him/her. The wearer signals when the test agent <strong>is</strong> sensed. The fit test operator proceeds with the fit<br />
test only if the demonstrated sensitization level <strong>is</strong> low enough to assure the test agent will be sensed at all<br />
levels representing a failure to achieve <strong>an</strong> acceptable fit. [Note: Isoamyl acetate, being <strong>an</strong> org<strong>an</strong>ic vapor,<br />
c<strong>an</strong> not be used as a test agent for particulate <strong>respirator</strong>s.]<br />
2. Next, the wearer follows the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s instructions to put on what initially seems to be the best fitting<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> provided by the employer.<br />
3. The wearer then completes a user seal check to confirm that the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> properly seated on the face<br />
4. The wearer then enters <strong>an</strong> exposure chamber, has a test enclosure placed on h<strong>is</strong>/her head, or <strong>is</strong> positioned<br />
somewhere in <strong>an</strong> open test area. The test agent <strong>is</strong> generated at the designated test level around the subject.<br />
5. The fit test operator observes the worker during exposure while directing him/her through a series of<br />
exerc<strong>is</strong>es. The fit test operator notes involuntary coughing (irrit<strong>an</strong>t smoke) during the test or asks the wearer<br />
at the end of the test if he or she smelled or tasted <strong>an</strong>ything at <strong>an</strong>y time during the test. From the test
subject’s response <strong>an</strong>d the fit test operator’s observations, the fit test operator determines a pass/fail<br />
judgment by which the <strong>respirator</strong> make, model <strong>an</strong>d size may be assigned to the wearer.<br />
How <strong>is</strong> qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit testing performed<br />
The Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (OSHA) has included the accept<strong>an</strong>ce of <strong>respirator</strong> fit test<br />
protocols in it’s regulations at 29 CFR 1910.134. The OSHA-accepted fit test protocols c<strong>an</strong> be found at 29 CFR<br />
1910.134 appendix A. The Americ<strong>an</strong> National St<strong>an</strong>dards Institute’s ANSI Z88.10, Respirator Fit Testing Methods<br />
provides the step-by-step expl<strong>an</strong>ations for conducting the ANSI-accepted fit tests. There are several methods with<br />
signific<strong>an</strong>tly different protocols for conducting Qu<strong>an</strong>titative fit testing (QNFT). While the OSHA regulations <strong>an</strong>d<br />
ANSI Z88.10 provide the procedures that must be used to conduct each of the accepted protocols, a general<br />
description of the most common methods used in the protocols are provided below for the convenience of the reader.<br />
In order to do these measurements, a small sampling tube <strong>is</strong> positioned to sample the air within the facepiece of the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d attached to a fit testing instrument able to calculate the percentage of particles leaking into the<br />
facepiece.<br />
1. First, the wearer dons one of the <strong>respirator</strong> models/sizes provided by the employer that <strong>is</strong> expected to<br />
provide a good fit , in accord<strong>an</strong>ce with the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s instructions<br />
2. The wearer completes a user seal check to confirm that the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> properly seated on h<strong>is</strong>/her face<br />
3. A fit testing adaptor <strong>is</strong> affixed to the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>an</strong>d the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> attached to a fit testing instrument<br />
through a small sampling tube positioned within the facepiece<br />
4. The fit test operator then instructs the wearer to go through a series of prescribed exerc<strong>is</strong>es while the<br />
attached fit testing instrument measures the ratio of particles both inside <strong>an</strong>d outside of the <strong>respirator</strong>. From<br />
th<strong>is</strong> data, a fit factor for the tested wearer <strong>is</strong> calculated which will determine whether or not the model, br<strong>an</strong>d,<br />
<strong>an</strong>d size of the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> suitable (passable) to be used regularly by that wearer.<br />
Are <strong>respirator</strong> fit tests required<br />
Yes. The Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (OSHA) (29 CFR 1910.134) requires a <strong>respirator</strong> fit test to<br />
confirm the fit of <strong>an</strong>y <strong>respirator</strong> that forms a tight seal on the wear’s face before it <strong>is</strong> to be used in the workplace. That<br />
same OSHA <strong>respirator</strong> st<strong>an</strong>dard also prohibits tight fitting <strong>respirator</strong>s to be worn by workers who have facial hair that<br />
comes between the sealing surface of the facepiece <strong>an</strong>d the face of the wearer.<br />
How often must fit testing be done<br />
Because each br<strong>an</strong>d, model, <strong>an</strong>d size of particulate facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s will fit slightly differently, a user should<br />
engage in a fit test every time a new model, m<strong>an</strong>ufacture type/br<strong>an</strong>d, or size <strong>is</strong> worn. Also, if weight fluctuates or<br />
facial/dental alterations occur, a fit test should be done again to ensure the <strong>respirator</strong> remains effective. Otherw<strong>is</strong>e, fit<br />
testing should be completed at least <strong>an</strong>nually to ensure continued adequate fit.<br />
Once I am fit tested c<strong>an</strong> I use <strong>an</strong>y br<strong>an</strong>d / make / model <strong>respirator</strong> as long as it <strong>is</strong> the same size<br />
No. A fit test only qualifies the user to put on (don) the specific br<strong>an</strong>d/make/model of <strong>respirator</strong> with which <strong>an</strong><br />
acceptable fit testing result was achieved. Users should only wear the specific br<strong>an</strong>d, model, <strong>an</strong>d size <strong>respirator</strong>s that<br />
he or she wore during successful fit tests. [Note: <strong>respirator</strong> sizing <strong>is</strong> variable <strong>an</strong>d not st<strong>an</strong>dardized across models or<br />
br<strong>an</strong>ds. For example a medium in one model may not offer the same fit as a different m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s medium model.]<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>respirator</strong> user seal check<br />
It <strong>is</strong> a procedure conducted by the <strong>respirator</strong> wearer to determine if the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> properly seated to the face. The<br />
user seal check c<strong>an</strong> be either a positive pressure or negative pressure check, which are generally performed as<br />
follows: The positive pressure user seal check <strong>is</strong> where the person wearing the <strong>respirator</strong> exhales gently while<br />
blocking the paths for exhaled breath to exit the facepiece. A successful check <strong>is</strong> when the facepiece <strong>is</strong> slightly<br />
pressurized before increased pressure causes outward leakage. The negative pressure user seal check <strong>is</strong> where the<br />
person wearing the <strong>respirator</strong> inhales sharply while blocking the paths for inhaled breath to enter the facepiece. A<br />
successful check <strong>is</strong> when the facepiece collapses slightly under the negative pressure that <strong>is</strong> created with th<strong>is</strong>
procedure. A user seal check <strong>is</strong> sometimes referred to as a fit check. A user seal check should be completed each<br />
time the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> put on (donned). It <strong>is</strong> only applicable when a <strong>respirator</strong> has already been successfully fit tested<br />
on the individual.<br />
When should a user seal check be done<br />
Once a fit test has been done to determine the best model <strong>an</strong>d size of <strong>respirator</strong> for a particular user, a user seal<br />
check should be done by the user every time the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> to be worn to ensure <strong>an</strong> adequate seal <strong>is</strong> achieved.<br />
How do I do a user seal check on a particulate <strong>respirator</strong><br />
A user seal check may be accompl<strong>is</strong>hed by using the procedures recommended by the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer of the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>. Th<strong>is</strong> information c<strong>an</strong> be found on the box or individual <strong>respirator</strong> packaging. There are positive <strong>an</strong>d<br />
negative pressure seal checks <strong>an</strong>d not every <strong>respirator</strong> c<strong>an</strong> be checked using both. You should refer to the<br />
m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s instructions for conducting user seal checks on <strong>an</strong>y specific <strong>respirator</strong> .<br />
The following positive <strong>an</strong>d negative user seal check procedures for filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s are provided as<br />
examples of how to perform these procedures.<br />
Positive pressure check –Once the particulate <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> properly put on (donned), your h<strong>an</strong>ds over the facepiece,<br />
covering as much surface area as possible. Exhale gently into the facepiece. The face fit <strong>is</strong> considered sat<strong>is</strong>factory if<br />
a slight positive pressure <strong>is</strong> being built up inside the facepiece without <strong>an</strong>y evidence of outward leakage of air at the<br />
seal. Examples of such evidence would be the feeling of air trickling onto the your face along the seal of the<br />
facepiece, fogging of your glasses, or a lack of pressure being built up inside the facepiece.<br />
If the particulate <strong>respirator</strong> has <strong>an</strong> exhalation valve, then performing a positive pressure check may be impossible. If<br />
so, then do a negative pressure check.<br />
Negative pressure check – Negative pressure seal checks are conducted on particulate <strong>respirator</strong>s that have<br />
exhalation valves. To conduct a negative pressure user seal check, cover the filter surface with your h<strong>an</strong>ds as much<br />
as possible <strong>an</strong>d then inhale. The facepiece should collapse on your face <strong>an</strong>d you should not feel air passing between<br />
your face <strong>an</strong>d the facepiece.<br />
Do Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) require fit testing<br />
The <strong>an</strong>swer to th<strong>is</strong> question depends on the type of facepiece that the <strong>respirator</strong> has. Any facepieces that form a tight<br />
seal to the wearer’s face, e.g. half-masks <strong>an</strong>d full facepieces must be fit tested regardless of the mode of operation.<br />
The PAPR fit test <strong>is</strong> conducted with the blower turned off.<br />
Loose fitting <strong>respirator</strong>s, such as PAPRs, in which the hood or helmet are designed to form only a partial seal with the<br />
wearer’s face or hoods which seal loosely around the wearer’s neck or shoulders, do not require fit testing.<br />
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Training FAQs<br />
• Why do I have to be trained to use a <strong>respirator</strong><br />
• How often do I have to be retrained<br />
Why do I have to be trained to use a <strong>respirator</strong><br />
Respirators, including filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong>s such as <strong>N95</strong>s, have model-specific user instructions including<br />
donning instructions <strong>an</strong>d use limitations. Respirators are frequently m<strong>is</strong>used for purposes in which they provide little<br />
to no protection. It <strong>is</strong> import<strong>an</strong>t to know what <strong>respirator</strong> to use <strong>an</strong>d how to use it correctly so that it c<strong>an</strong> provide the<br />
protection that <strong>is</strong> expected of it. OSHA (29 CFR 1910.134) regulations require that <strong>respirator</strong> training be provided
prior to requiring <strong>an</strong> employee to use a <strong>respirator</strong> in the workplace. The training must be comprehensive,<br />
underst<strong>an</strong>dable, <strong>an</strong>d recur at least <strong>an</strong>nually – or more often if necessary.<br />
OSHA identifies the following as minimum knowledge a <strong>respirator</strong> user should have upon completing <strong>respirator</strong><br />
training:<br />
1. Why the use of a <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> necessary (e.g., the <strong>respirator</strong>y hazards <strong>an</strong>d how improper fit, usage, or<br />
mainten<strong>an</strong>ce c<strong>an</strong> comprom<strong>is</strong>e the protective effect of the <strong>respirator</strong>)<br />
2. The limitations <strong>an</strong>d capabilities of the <strong>respirator</strong><br />
3. How to use the <strong>respirator</strong> effectively in emergency situations, including when the <strong>respirator</strong> malfunctions<br />
4. How to inspect, don (put on) <strong>an</strong>d doff (remove), use, <strong>an</strong>d check the seals of the <strong>respirator</strong><br />
5. The procedures for mainten<strong>an</strong>ce <strong>an</strong>d storage<br />
6. How to recognize medical signs <strong>an</strong>d symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective use of the <strong>respirator</strong><br />
How often do I have to be retrained<br />
An employee should be trained <strong>an</strong>nually, when exposure conditions ch<strong>an</strong>ge, when a new type or model of <strong>respirator</strong><br />
<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>sued, or when the employee’s knowledge or use of the <strong>respirator</strong> indicates the need (e.g. the superv<strong>is</strong>or observes<br />
the wearer using the <strong>respirator</strong> improperly).<br />
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Donning <strong>an</strong>d Doffing<br />
• Are all br<strong>an</strong>ds <strong>an</strong>d models donned the same<br />
• Where do I find instructions for putting on (donning) a <strong>respirator</strong><br />
Are all br<strong>an</strong>ds <strong>an</strong>d models donned the same<br />
No. Not all br<strong>an</strong>ds <strong>an</strong>d models are donned (put on) the same way. That <strong>is</strong> why it <strong>is</strong> import<strong>an</strong>t that you always consult<br />
the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s user instructions before putting on (donning) a new br<strong>an</strong>d or model of <strong>respirator</strong>. Typically, for <strong>N95</strong><br />
particulate <strong>respirator</strong>s, the proper placement of head straps me<strong>an</strong>s that the lower strap should be worn around the<br />
neck <strong>an</strong>d below the ears. The top strap should sit above the ears <strong>an</strong>d around the crown of the head, securing the<br />
filter piece to the user’s face. The facepiece should feel snug. On most <strong>N95</strong> models, the nosepiece <strong>is</strong> me<strong>an</strong>t to be<br />
molded to the user’s facial structure using h<strong>is</strong> or her index fingers of both h<strong>an</strong>ds to press gently against the metal<br />
strip until it molds to a snug fit.<br />
Where do I find instructions for putting on (donning) a <strong>respirator</strong><br />
All <strong>respirator</strong>s should come with m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s instructions specifically addressing how to properly put on (don) the<br />
selected <strong>respirator</strong> to provide expected protection. For more information on th<strong>is</strong> topic please refer to the NIOSH-<br />
Approved Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators web page. Once on the page, select the type of <strong>respirator</strong> (e.g.<br />
<strong>N95</strong>) <strong>an</strong>d it will provide a table with the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer's donning procedure <strong>an</strong>d user instructions for each approved<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> model.<br />
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End-of-service-life FAQs<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> end-of-service-life<br />
• Do <strong>respirator</strong>s have end-of-service-life indicators on them<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the service life of <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> filter or filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong><br />
• How do we calculate a cartridge ch<strong>an</strong>ge out schedule<br />
• Is c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter/cartridge end-of-service life information available on the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturers’ website
• If we are using a combination cartridge with a PAPR, how do we know when to ch<strong>an</strong>ge the cartridge C<strong>an</strong> the cartridge<br />
be decontaminated to extend its useful life<br />
• Why do we need to ch<strong>an</strong>ge the <strong>respirator</strong> cartridge before we c<strong>an</strong> smell something<br />
• Do we need to throw a filter (used with a PAPR) away when used for/with <strong>an</strong> H1N1 patient for only one hour<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> end-of-service-life<br />
End-of-service-life <strong>is</strong> when a <strong>respirator</strong> no longer works correctly. It <strong>is</strong> when the filtering medium c<strong>an</strong> no longer<br />
provide the expected level of protection from harmful air contamin<strong>an</strong>ts, has reached its capacity for capture <strong>an</strong>d<br />
retention of the contamin<strong>an</strong>t, when breathing while wearing the <strong>respirator</strong> becomes too difficult, or when the <strong>respirator</strong><br />
becomes damaged, contaminated, or the integrity of the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> no longer intact.<br />
Do <strong>respirator</strong>s have end-of-service-life indicators on them<br />
Yes. Some do, for others like the <strong>N95</strong> the “indicator” may be the appear<strong>an</strong>ce, whether the <strong>respirator</strong> <strong>is</strong> damaged,<br />
contaminated with v<strong>is</strong>ible blood or body fluids, or m<strong>is</strong>shapen. For other types of <strong>respirator</strong>s there are specific<br />
indicators integral in the device. All self-contained breathing apparatuses have <strong>an</strong> alarm that tells the wearer that<br />
he/she <strong>is</strong> going to run out of air from h<strong>is</strong> cylinder <strong>an</strong>d he/she must leave the contaminated area. Some gas- <strong>an</strong>d<br />
vapor-removing air-purifying <strong>respirator</strong>s are also equipped with end-of-service-life indicators (ESLI). The ESLI are<br />
usually specific to only one contamin<strong>an</strong>t. The ESLI gives the wearer <strong>an</strong> indication, often a color ch<strong>an</strong>ge, that the<br />
contamin<strong>an</strong>t will no longer be able to be removed by the cartridge or c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter <strong>an</strong>d that the cartridge or c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter should<br />
be replaced.<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> the service life of <strong>an</strong> <strong>N95</strong> filter or filtering facepiece <strong>respirator</strong><br />
Unless the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer identifies a specified duration of use, for example “single use only”, the service life of all<br />
filters <strong>is</strong> limited by considerations of hygiene, damage, <strong>an</strong>d breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce. All filters should be replaced<br />
whenever they are damaged, soiled, or causing noticeably increased breathing res<strong>is</strong>t<strong>an</strong>ce. Follow m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s<br />
recommendations for specific information on the model you are using.<br />
How <strong>is</strong> a cartridge ch<strong>an</strong>ge out schedule calculated<br />
In the absence of <strong>an</strong> ESLI, a cartridge/c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter ch<strong>an</strong>ge out schedule <strong>is</strong> required for gas- <strong>an</strong>d vapor-removing<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s <strong>an</strong>d should be based on objective information or data that will ensure that c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ters <strong>an</strong>d cartridges are<br />
ch<strong>an</strong>ged before the end of their service life. Usually, m<strong>an</strong>ufacturers have software to estimate a ch<strong>an</strong>ge out schedule<br />
for their cartridges or c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ters. Ch<strong>an</strong>geout schedules are not the same from one m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s cartridges or<br />
c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ters to that of <strong>an</strong>other m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer. Th<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong> because the volume <strong>an</strong>d type of adsorbent varies between<br />
m<strong>an</strong>ufacturers. Additionally, the Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (OSHA) has m<strong>an</strong>datory ch<strong>an</strong>geout<br />
schedules for cartridges for certain subst<strong>an</strong>ces like acrylonitrile, benzene, butadiene, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride,<br />
<strong>an</strong>d methylene chloride. Workers depending on <strong>respirator</strong>y protection who are exposed to <strong>an</strong>y of these contamin<strong>an</strong>ts<br />
at or above the OSHA Perm<strong>is</strong>sible Exposure Limit (PEL) must ch<strong>an</strong>ge cartridges/c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ters according to OSHA’s<br />
requirements. In <strong>an</strong>y case, workers should consult their Respirator Program Admin<strong>is</strong>trator regarding when to ch<strong>an</strong>ge<br />
their cartridges/c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ters.<br />
OSHA provides guid<strong>an</strong>ce on using mathematical models to predict the service life of org<strong>an</strong>ic vapor <strong>respirator</strong><br />
cartridges when used for protection against single contamin<strong>an</strong>ts. You c<strong>an</strong> also find the service lives for <strong>respirator</strong><br />
cartridges intended to protect against selected gases already calculated in a table. You c<strong>an</strong> calculate others using<br />
a computer program called Adv<strong>is</strong>or Genius. OSHA suggests that you reduce the service life estimate by some<br />
safety factor <strong>an</strong>d document the ch<strong>an</strong>ge schedule in your written <strong>respirator</strong>y program.<br />
OSHA has no accepted way to determine a cartridge’s service life when exposed to mixtures; computer models have<br />
been developed that c<strong>an</strong> estimate service life if you know all the c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter physical attributes, environmental factors,<br />
contamin<strong>an</strong>ts <strong>an</strong>d levels, <strong>an</strong>d work rates [Note: Other research has been conducted to develop models for<br />
contamin<strong>an</strong>t mixtures, but they have not yet been adopted by OSHA.] NIOSH has developed a computer tool for<br />
estimating breakthrough times <strong>an</strong>d service lives of air-purifying <strong>respirator</strong> cartridges m<strong>an</strong>ufactured to remove toxic<br />
org<strong>an</strong>ic vapors from breathed air that c<strong>an</strong> be used with the cartridge/c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s recommendations for<br />
multi-gas use of the specific c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter/cartridge being used.
If <strong>respirator</strong>s are required in your workplace, OSHA m<strong>an</strong>dates that your employer establ<strong>is</strong>h <strong>an</strong>d maintain a <strong>respirator</strong>y<br />
protection program that must describe the information <strong>an</strong>d data relied upon <strong>an</strong>d the bas<strong>is</strong> for the c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter <strong>an</strong>d<br />
cartridge ch<strong>an</strong>ge schedule. Because of the complexity of factors involved in determining c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter ch<strong>an</strong>geout<br />
schedules, consult your Respirator Program Admin<strong>is</strong>trator.<br />
Is c<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>ter/cartridge end-of-service life information available on the m<strong>an</strong>ufacturers’ website<br />
Most m<strong>an</strong>ufacturers provide information on their website to help in determining the appropriate ch<strong>an</strong>geout schedule<br />
for their product.<br />
If I am using a combination cartridge with a PAPR, how do I know when to ch<strong>an</strong>ge the cartridge<br />
C<strong>an</strong> the cartridge be decontaminated to extend its useful life<br />
The training you receive in the use of your assigned <strong>respirator</strong> as part of your employer’s <strong>respirator</strong>y protection pl<strong>an</strong><br />
will tell you the frequency of cartridge ch<strong>an</strong>ge that has been determined to be appropriate for the conditions in your<br />
worksite. The Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration’s St<strong>an</strong>dard for Respiratory Protection (29 CFR<br />
1910.134) requires employers to implement a ch<strong>an</strong>ge schedule for all cartridges used in the workplace for protection<br />
against vapors <strong>an</strong>d gases when there <strong>is</strong>n't <strong>an</strong> end-of-service- life indicator on the cartridge. Th<strong>is</strong> schedule must be<br />
site specific <strong>an</strong>d take into consideration worksite conditions such as humidity, worker breathing rate, as well as the<br />
contamin<strong>an</strong>ts <strong>an</strong>d their concentrations.<br />
The cartridge c<strong>an</strong>’t be decontaminated (i.e. reconditioned for reuse). The filter media in the cartridge has a finite<br />
capacity <strong>an</strong>d the mech<strong>an</strong><strong>is</strong>m used to remove the contamin<strong>an</strong>ts from the air <strong>is</strong> usually not reversible.<br />
Why do we need to ch<strong>an</strong>ge the <strong>respirator</strong> cartridge before we c<strong>an</strong> smell something<br />
The purpose of th<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong> to prevent contamin<strong>an</strong>ts from breaking through the <strong>respirator</strong>'s sorbent (filtering) cartridge(s),<br />
<strong>an</strong>d thereby exposing the wearer. H<strong>is</strong>torically, <strong>respirator</strong> wearers have relied on the warning properties (e.g., odor,<br />
irritation) of a contamin<strong>an</strong>t as a me<strong>an</strong>s to determine when it <strong>is</strong> time for replacing used cartridges. OSHA no longer<br />
allows the use of warning properties as the primary bas<strong>is</strong> for ch<strong>an</strong>ging <strong>respirator</strong> cartridges. The following factors<br />
shall be considered when developing a Respirator Cartridge Ch<strong>an</strong>ge Schedule which <strong>is</strong> required by OSHA <strong>an</strong>d<br />
should be documented in the Respirator Protection Program:<br />
• Contamin<strong>an</strong>ts<br />
• Concentration<br />
• Frequency of use (e.g., continuously, intermittently) throughout the shift<br />
• Temperature<br />
• Humidity<br />
• Wearer’s work rate<br />
• The presence of potentially interfering chemicals<br />
Do we need to throw a filter (used with a PAPR) away when used for/with <strong>an</strong> H1N1 patient for only<br />
one hour<br />
Powered air purifying <strong>respirator</strong> filters used for protection against viruses have no time limit as to their ability to<br />
remove viruses from the air stream. Their use <strong>is</strong> subject to other considerations by the infection control or safety<br />
officer in the healthcare facility. Therefore, it <strong>is</strong> recommended there be written facility st<strong>an</strong>dards for use <strong>an</strong>d d<strong>is</strong>posal<br />
of these filters. However, filters <strong>an</strong>d cartridges c<strong>an</strong>not be cle<strong>an</strong>ed, s<strong>an</strong>itized, or d<strong>is</strong>infected <strong>an</strong>d should be properly<br />
d<strong>is</strong>posed of after use.<br />
At th<strong>is</strong> time, neither the Centers for D<strong>is</strong>ease Control <strong>an</strong>d Prevention (CDC) nor the World Health Org<strong>an</strong>ization (WHO)<br />
have provided <strong>an</strong>y recommendations for cle<strong>an</strong>ing, s<strong>an</strong>itizing, or d<strong>is</strong>infecting <strong>respirator</strong>s used for novel H1N1 virus<br />
exposures. The Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration (OSHA) requires <strong>respirator</strong> users to follow either the<br />
<strong>respirator</strong> m<strong>an</strong>ufacturer’s instructions or OSHA’s general procedures for cle<strong>an</strong>ing <strong>respirator</strong>s in 29 CFR 1910.134<br />
Appendix B-2; however, OSHA’s procedures are not specific for novel H1N1 virus <strong>an</strong>d may not lead to d<strong>is</strong>infection.
Refer to the User Instructions for the specific PAPR unit <strong>an</strong>d headgear to identify the components that c<strong>an</strong> be<br />
cle<strong>an</strong>ed.<br />
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Respirator Protection Program FAQs<br />
• Why <strong>is</strong> it import<strong>an</strong>t for me to know who my <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program admin<strong>is</strong>trator <strong>is</strong><br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program<br />
• <strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> involved/ what compr<strong>is</strong>es/ what components make up a <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program<br />
Why <strong>is</strong> it import<strong>an</strong>t for me to know who my <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program admin<strong>is</strong>trator <strong>is</strong><br />
The safety officer, industrial hygien<strong>is</strong>t or designee of your facility, <strong>is</strong> responsible to run the <strong>respirator</strong>y protection<br />
program <strong>an</strong>d evaluate its effectiveness. He/she <strong>is</strong> trained to identify, assess, <strong>an</strong>d control types of potential inhalation<br />
hazards in your work area. He/she must be familiar with the Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration’s (OSHA)<br />
Respiratory Protection St<strong>an</strong>dard (29 CFR 1910.134) <strong>an</strong>d the use <strong>an</strong>d application of the <strong>respirator</strong>s at the particular<br />
workplace. Also, he/she <strong>is</strong> responsible to ensure you are provided with <strong>an</strong> appropriate <strong>an</strong>d suitable <strong>respirator</strong> that <strong>is</strong><br />
provided at no cost by the employer to the employee, training, <strong>an</strong>d medical evaluations to protect you from inhaling<br />
harmful contamin<strong>an</strong>ts (contamin<strong>an</strong>ts could include biologic agents such as bacteria <strong>an</strong>d viruses).<br />
If you have questions like whether you should be wearing <strong>respirator</strong>y protection, what kind of <strong>respirator</strong>y protection<br />
you should be wearing, how to maintain th<strong>is</strong> equipment or how to put on or take off th<strong>is</strong> equipment, you should<br />
contact your admin<strong>is</strong>trator.<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> a <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program<br />
A <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program <strong>is</strong> a written program required by the Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health<br />
Admin<strong>is</strong>tration’s (OSHA) Respiratory Protection St<strong>an</strong>dard (29 CFR 1910.134). The program includes procedures<br />
specific to your worksite intended to prevent you from inhaling harmful contamin<strong>an</strong>ts in your workplace. OSHA<br />
requires that each employer must provide <strong>respirator</strong>s to protect workers from workplace hazards during work to<br />
prevent inhalation of hazardous materials that c<strong>an</strong>not be controlled by other measures (i.e. engineering or<br />
admin<strong>is</strong>trative controls). The employer must establ<strong>is</strong>h <strong>an</strong>d maintain a <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program, which <strong>is</strong><br />
compli<strong>an</strong>t with the OSHA <strong>respirator</strong>y protection st<strong>an</strong>dard <strong>an</strong>d provides <strong>respirator</strong>s suitable for their intended purpose.<br />
<strong>What</strong> <strong>is</strong> involved/ what compr<strong>is</strong>es/ what components make up a <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program<br />
The fundamental goal of <strong>an</strong>y <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program <strong>is</strong> to protect workers against <strong>an</strong>y adverse health effect<br />
caused by inhalation of contamin<strong>an</strong>ts in the work environment. The Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Admin<strong>is</strong>tration’s<br />
(OSHA) Respiratory Protection St<strong>an</strong>dard (29 CFR 1910.134) requires that each <strong>respirator</strong>y protection program must<br />
include a written pl<strong>an</strong> detailing how the program will be admin<strong>is</strong>tered. In addition to having a written program, the<br />
employer must also be able to demonstrate that the program <strong>is</strong> enforced <strong>an</strong>d updated as necessary. The OSHA small<br />
entity compli<strong>an</strong>ce guide PDF 707KB (149 pages) <strong>is</strong> intended to help small businesses comply with the Respiratory<br />
Protection st<strong>an</strong>dard. It provides guid<strong>an</strong>ce only, <strong>an</strong>d does not alter or determine compli<strong>an</strong>ce responsibilities, which are<br />
set forth in OSHA st<strong>an</strong>dards <strong>an</strong>d the Occupational Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Act. The written pl<strong>an</strong> includes the following, as<br />
applicable to address the identified hazards of your worksite (items in bold are required, as applicable, for all<br />
worksites; <strong>an</strong>d the others are optional):<br />
• Procedure for selecting <strong>respirator</strong>s for use in the workplace<br />
• Medical evaluation of employees required to wear <strong>respirator</strong>s<br />
• Fit testing procedures for tight fitting <strong>respirator</strong>s<br />
• Procedures for proper use of <strong>respirator</strong>s in routine <strong>an</strong>d reasonably foreseeable emergency situations<br />
• Procedures <strong>an</strong>d schedules for cle<strong>an</strong>ing, d<strong>is</strong>infecting, storing, inspecting, repairing, <strong>an</strong>d d<strong>is</strong>carding <strong>an</strong>d<br />
otherw<strong>is</strong>e maintaining <strong>respirator</strong>s<br />
• Procedure to ensure adequate quality, qu<strong>an</strong>tity <strong>an</strong>d flow of breathing air for atmosphere-supplying air<br />
<strong>respirator</strong>s
• Training of employees in the proper use of <strong>respirator</strong>s, including putting on <strong>an</strong>d removing them, <strong>an</strong>y<br />
limitations on their use <strong>an</strong>d their mainten<strong>an</strong>ce<br />
• Procedures for regularly evaluating the effectiveness of the program<br />
• Procedures for ensuring that workers who voluntarily wear <strong>respirator</strong>s (excluding filtering facepieces) comply<br />
with the medical evaluation, <strong>an</strong>d cle<strong>an</strong>ing, storing <strong>an</strong>d mainten<strong>an</strong>ce requirements of the st<strong>an</strong>dard<br />
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Additional Respiratory Protection Resources<br />
• CDC / NIOSH<br />
• Posters from CDC<br />
• OSHA<br />
CDC / NIOSH<br />
Respirator Trusted-Source Information Page<br />
General Procedures for Properly Putting on <strong>an</strong>d Taking Off a D<strong>is</strong>posable Respirator<br />
PDF 5.06 MB (1 page)<br />
Guid<strong>an</strong>ce for the Selection <strong>an</strong>d Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) I Healthcare Settings<br />
PDF 285 KB (49 pages)<br />
Questions <strong>an</strong>d Answers Regarding Respiratory Protection For Preventing 2009 H1N1 Influenza Among Healthcare<br />
Personnel<br />
Questions <strong>an</strong>d Answers about CDC’s Interim Guid<strong>an</strong>ce on Infection Control Measures for 2009 H1N1 Influenza in<br />
Healthcare Settings Including Protection of healthcare Personnel<br />
Interim Guid<strong>an</strong>ce on Infection Control Measures for 2009 H1N1 Influenza in Healthcare Settings, Including Protection<br />
of Healthcare Personnel, Updated 10/14/09<br />
CDC Q&A: Regarding Respiratory Protection for Infection Control Measures for 2009 H1N1 Influenza among<br />
Healthcare Personnel<br />
NIOSH Statement: The R<strong>is</strong>k of Serious Illness Among Healthcare Personnel Associated with 2009 H1N1 Influenza<br />
Posters from CDC<br />
CDC Cle<strong>an</strong> H<strong>an</strong>ds Save Lives - Protect patients, protect yourself (poster)<br />
PDF 44 KB (1 page)<br />
CDC General Procedures for Properly Putting on <strong>an</strong>d Taking Off a D<strong>is</strong>posable Respirator<br />
PDF 5.06 MB (1 page) En español<br />
OSHA<br />
Respiratory Protection for Healthcare Workers Training Video
P<strong>an</strong>demic Influenza Preparedness <strong>an</strong>d Response Guid<strong>an</strong>ce for Healthcare Workers <strong>an</strong>d Healthcare Employers<br />
Frequently Asked Questions on P<strong>an</strong>demic Influenza Preparedness <strong>an</strong>d Response Guid<strong>an</strong>ce for Healthcare Workers<br />
<strong>an</strong>d Healthcare Employers<br />
Preparing Workplaces for <strong>an</strong> Influenza P<strong>an</strong>demic (2009)<br />
PDF 615 KB (46 pages)<br />
The Difference Between Respirators <strong>an</strong>d Surgical Masks<br />
(Possible Solutions section)<br />
Respirator Safety<br />
(Training Video section)<br />
Workplace Safety <strong>an</strong>d H1N1<br />
OSHA Quick Card: Protect Yourself P<strong>an</strong>demic Flu Respiratory Protection<br />
OSHA Fact Sheet: Respiratory Infection Control: Respirators Versus Surgical Masks<br />
OSHA Safety <strong>an</strong>d Health Topics: Respiratory Protection<br />
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