Prof. Franz Josef Stegmann Bethlehem Social ... - Ordo Socialis

Stegmann
poor, materialism, etc. are the main criteria to judge the morality of an economic system. I
agree with this fully. In the same context, however, the statement says that "understanding
how the different economic systems work tells us little or nothing about which of them is
more, or less, just than the other". 90 I believe that this assertion should he questioned. The
centrally planned and controlled economy is by its nature unable to meet the needs and wishes
of the people, for the following reasons:
3.4.1 Exclusion of the self-interest of individual economic participants
A major problem with “centrally commanded economies” 91 - as the already mentioned Statement
"The Common Good" by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England calls them - is
the fact that the self-interest of individual economic participants is not taken into account. In
general, economic activities are motivated by individual benefit and profit objectives. These
motives of self-interest do not exclude other motives, as I have already mentioned. For
example, a father wants to provide for his family as best as possible and therefore makes
every effort to earn an appropriate income in order to do so. Thus economic activities are - to
a great extern - inspired by individual interests; ie, self-interest is the driving force and
incentive to economic achievement. Self-interest is not the same as selfishness and should not
be confused with it (of course, it can degenerate into selfishness). But self-interest is basically
a natural human attitude. Recall the words of Jesus: "Love your neighbour as you love
yourself (Mt 19. 19: Mk 12. 31). The commandment to overcome greed and selfishness does
not mean that we have to put aside our own desires and ambitions. This would be an inhuman
demand. Self-interest is the motivating force behind our activities - economic activities
included.
A centrally planned economy is an obstacle to that and excludes, more or less, this economic
and generally human function of personal advantage as a driving force for economic
activities. Income and prices fixed by the state authority determine the degree to which the
needs and wishes of the individuals can be fulfilled - at least insofar as this fulfilment depends
on the amount of their income. The central economic plan has already fixed these data in
advance, without taking into account the individuals' real activities and achievements. This
fact excludes the principle of self-interest as the driving force and incentive to economic
achievement.
In the past, centrally commanded economies tried to replace the "achievement principle" -
through the back door, so to speak - by introducing bonus systems and by fixing high targets
that had to be met. However, according to my own experience in former Communist East
Germany, neither high fixed quotas nor cleverly thought-out bonus systems for the realisation
of planned economic targets could replace the principle of self-interest as the main incentive
to economic achievement. The history of the past decades has taught us that both attempts did
not succeed. The fact that the system did not take into account the self-interest of the
economic participants was a main reason for the breakdown of the centrally controlled
economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
90 Economic Justice in South Africa. A Pastoral Statement. Published by the Southern African Bishops’
Conference, Pretoria 1999, 6.
91 The Common Good (1996), No. 78 (see note 7).
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