STATUS OF BEAR WELFARE

Status of Bear Welfare in Cherokee, North Carolina
REFERENCES
1 BearDen.org, “North American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)” .
2
BearDen.org, “Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus),” .
3
BearDen.org, “Brown Bear (Ursus arctos),” .
4
North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, “N.C. Confirms 2004’s First Human West Nile Infection,” 1
Sept. 2004 .
5
Alison Ames, “The Welfare and Management of Bears in Zoological Gardens,” Universities Federation for Animal Welfare
(1994) 6, 11.
6
Ros Clubb and Georgia Jane Mason, “Natural Behavioural Biology as a Risk Factor in Carnivore Welfare: How Analysing
Species Differences Could Help Zoos Improve Enclosures,” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102.3-4 (2007): 302-28.
7
Craig Haney, “Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and ‘Supermax’ Confinement,” Crime Delinquency 49 (2003):
124-56.
8
E. Poulsen, “Applying Modern Husbandry Technique to Resolve Chronic Behavioural and Physical Problems in Two
Captive Andean Bears,” American Association of Zoos and Aquariums Bear Taxon Advisory Group Workshop (2001).
9
Lynn L. Rogers, “Shedding of Foot Pads by Black Bears During Denning,” Journal of Mammalogy 55.3 (20 Aug. 1974):
672-4.
10
National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service, Hydrograph of Oconaluftee River
.
11
Associated Press, “N.C. Flood Forces Hundreds to Flee,” 12 Sept. 1992.
12
David G. Baker, “Combination Therapy for Footpad Lesions in a Captive Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris),” Journal of
Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33.4 (2002): 389-91.
13
Nancy Ellifrit (animal care inspector), inspection report, Tiger Safari Inc. (963 County St., Tuttle, Okla.), U.S. Department
of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 30 May 2006.
14
Richard Botelho Jr. (animal care inspector), inspection report, Steeples Gypsy Bears (1111 Fourth St., Palacios, Texas),
U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 4 Oct. 2001.
15
Kevin Henry, “The Cost of Incarceration,” online pamphlet, 1996, 2005
.
16
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, “Working in a Standing Position,” 8 July 2008
.
17
R.L. Rausch, “Notes on the Black Bear, Ursus americanus, Pallas, in Alaska, With Particular Reference to Dentition and
Growth,” Z. Saugetierk. Bd. 26, H. 2 (1961): 65-128.
18
Christian J. Wenker, et al., “A Retrospective Study of Dental Conditions of Captive Brown Bears (Ursus arctos spp.)
Compared With Free-Ranging Alaskan Grizzlies (Ursus arctos horribilis),” Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 30.2 (June
1999): 208-21.
19
Christian J. Wenker, et al., “Dental Health Status and Endodontic Treatment of Captive Brown Bears (Ursus arctos spp.)
Living in the Bernese Bear Pit,” Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 15.1 (Mar. 1998): 27-34.
20 Leslie A. Johnson, “Minimum Husbandry Guidelines for Mammals: Bears,” American Zoo and Aquarium Association,
Mammal Standards Task Force (1997): 3.
AN INVESTIGATIVE REPORT OF CHIEF SAUNOOKE BEAR PARK, CHEROKEE BEAR ZOO, AND SANTA’S LAND | 62