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Fig. 1.1 Different types of heterosis. Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual 3
How is heterosis measured Measurement of heterosis is quite simple. It is generally expressed as percent increase or decrease in the performance of a hybrid in comparison with the reference variety or a parameter. Mid-parent heterosis (%) = F 1 - Mid parent Mid parent x 100 Heterobeltiosis (%) = F 1 - Better parent Better parent x 100 Standard heterosis (%) = F 1 - Check variety Check variety x 100 Genetic basis of heterosis Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genetic basis of heterosis: dominance hypothesis (Davenport, 1908), and overdominance hypothesis (East, 1908 and 1936). • Dominance hypothesis - states that heterosis is due to the accumulation of favorable dominant genes in a hybrid derived from the two parents (Fig. 1.2). 4 Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual
Page 2 and 3: Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual HR2-01
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents Foreword, i Heter
Page 6 and 7: FOREWORD By 2030 the world must pro
Page 8: AKNOWLEDGMENT Adviser Editor Superv
Page 11: • Expression of heterosis is conf
Page 15 and 16: Evidence of real overdominance for
Page 17 and 18: 8 Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual Fig 1
Page 19 and 20: 10 Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 2.1 Schematic description of c
Page 23 and 24: Identifying CMS sources in inter-va
Page 25 and 26: Some sources of male sterility indu
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 2.4 Procedure of transferring
Page 29 and 30: - Frequency of effective restorers
Page 31 and 32: - TGMS - Thermosensitive Genic Male
Page 33 and 34: Chemically induced male sterility T
Page 35 and 36: • Other practices for hybrid seed
Page 37 and 38: CMS Line Maintenance and Evaluation
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 3. Operational flowchart of hy
Page 41 and 42: General considerations • Total nu
Page 43 and 44: Observations The following observat
Page 45 and 46: 36 Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual
Page 47 and 48: • Group newly developed and desig
Page 49 and 50: Observations • Days to initial fl
Page 51 and 52: • Panicle exsertion rate (PER) -
Page 53 and 54: • Phenotypic acceptability - scor
Page 55 and 56: Field layout • It is preferable t
Page 57 and 58: Utilization Results of this nursery
Page 59 and 60: Procedures • About 200 plants of
Page 61 and 62: • Relative appearance of plot com
Page 63 and 64:
54 Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual
Page 65 and 66:
Field layout • Narrow strips 6 m
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• In the BC 5 -BC 6 generations,
Page 69 and 70:
The line x tester procedure • Let
Page 71 and 72:
Analysis of variance Correction Fac
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Line x tester analysis Construct a
Page 75 and 76:
Sometimes line x tester analysis is
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S.E. (sca effects) = S.E. (gi - gj)
Page 79 and 80:
70 Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual
Page 81 and 82:
• Since there is no need for rest
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5. Multiply these plants by separat
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6. Note the temperatures which prev
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Fig. 10 Flow chart of hybrid rice b
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Procedure For A, B, and R lines Nuc
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• The nucleus seed of ‘A’ and
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Nucleus seed is used to produce bre
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Fig. 12.1 Position of A (•) and R
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- At the boot leaf stage of ‘R’
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- When primary tillers of A and R l
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Fig. 12.4 Layout of breeder seed an
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Harvesting and threshing Extreme ca
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Experimental design - Since the num
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A worked example of OYT is describe
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- Compute the block effect. rj = Bj
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For working out the standard errors
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• Hybrids should be grouped accor
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• Data recording Observations are
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• Compute the correction factor a
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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) table
Page 123 and 124:
- Entries should be divided into at
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- A randomized complete block desig
Page 127:
Genotype-Environment interaction (G
Page 130 and 131:
- Grow F 4 -F 6 generations to sele
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Fig. 14.1 Scheme used at IRRl to de
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- Backcross the derived restorer li
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Fig. 14.2 Scheme used at IRRI to de
Page 138 and 139:
The extent of standard heterosis ob
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The following are some of the wide
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• Developing three-line indica/tr
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- In F 5 generation, testcross the
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Quality assurance procedures are a
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- Use only a single plant from each
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- Choice of design and plot size is
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- It is essential to determine the
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- Regular calibration of equipment
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Table 3. Data to be recorded for hy
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Selected References Bharaj T S, Vir
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Singh R K and Chaudaty B D (1977) B
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APPENDIX 2: FORMAT FOR CMS MAINTAIN
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APPENDIX 4: FORMAT FOR RESTORER PUR
Page 167 and 168:
APPENDIX 6: FORMAT FOR TGMS EVALUAT
Page 169 and 170:
APPENDIX 8: FORMAT FOR NUCLEUS SEED
Page 171 and 172:
APPENDIX 10: FORMAT FOR COMBINING A
Page 173 and 174:
auricles - the small paired ear-lik
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combining ability - the ability of
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endosperm - the nutritive tissue of
Page 179 and 180:
germination - the resumption of gro
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indoor growth cabinets - small indo
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N nuclear genes - genes located on
Page 185 and 186:
photoperiod - duration of day lengt
Page 187 and 188:
estorer line - a pollinator variety
Page 189 and 190:
staggered planting - planting the r
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V variance - the mean squared devia
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