The architectural antiquities of Rome - University of Notre Dame ...
The architectural antiquities of Rome - University of Notre Dame ... The architectural antiquities of Rome - University of Notre Dame ...
OF TI-lE PANTHEO N, ROME. PLATE XLI. Trns superb edifice is situated in thC'Ympoa Manius: itnowlo.o:s much of its imposingrffectfrom beingi!ICilmberedbythellous.esofmodcmsu..ets,whichl"""'da:oetoits~:lndin•frontby ao;ommonmarkec·pbtt,keptcontinWLilyin:afilthystate,andcroordcdbythelowerd.ules.as•·ctlas fromtheaccwnulationofthcgroundthathasburicdnearlyallthesu:pswhic:hledtoitllm:lgnifi.otnt portieo,ju$tlyC'On$ideredthe~~ofart. Theinscriptiononthefrieze. :ocqu;Unu;usth:>ltheportico,atle:ast,of lhi!I T emplcwasenxtedbyhim. The opinions of antiqu.~ ri es bcingvariousaatowhatportionofthcedif~ee isatlributabletoAgrippa.we slull prooeed to examine intoit5hi$tory,~.andvoui0Ullchanga Among the artists who ha'~ considered this cdilic:e is the great Michad Angelo, who mentiOM th~difrerentepoeh:e;oneforthcponico,oneforthcintcrio r ordernnd n rmngemcnt,andanothcrfor the superior or attic. s~..-lio. l'alladio, Dc~cu, Fontan.~. Milizia, the Ab~ Uggcri. and l'ir.mcsi. !lave produced mllnydesignsandstudies; lkmontioso, Lipsius, Lau.ari,and tho:wholeoftheLOJIO' grnphers of Rome, h;tve pn.>fusely spoken of iL. but none with more method or more clearness th;in Signor Hin:• ;uH], followinghismcthod,weshallbeablctouniteandarr.mgeRil then:~o:ction swhich ~)!~:.:::to give a proper ide.a of the subject, and at the same time reconcile the v.~ri0111 opinions of lnthelimpbc:r.ititrocc:euarytoc»nsidetwbowasthebuilderofthePantheon: andform.1ny ~swe•ttn'bu tei Lt oAgrippa. Ro~.aa:(lrdingtoPlin}·,Pluan:h,Str:Wo.&c.,hadnootedifia:sof ..,ch~licenceandworlcm:uu.hipbcforethetimeofSylla:i tisceru.inthereweremanybuildings befon:th:attime,but.acconling Loseveral:KCUraU:wriu:rs,the.Templeof Fortun:aPrene&tiruo,ILIKlth:o.t of Jupitt'r'C:apilolious.were.the firstU:mples th:o.twereparticularlydistioguished. forlhe.ircleganceand for their ornarnenu:. At thU time ,..., might mention other admirable: structures from hi:swy. ,.·here theyarealludcdtoandd...aibed:butthePanthcon,whichisuoiqueandpeculi,.,.iniu:construction,is nootmc.'tltioned hyanyonebeforethetimeoft\grippa.althoughtbeyhavedescribedotbubuildiii}:Sof inferiorm>.gniftc:Cnee. l'hese. ~rvationJ are stn:ngthened by Vim.tvius.t who writes an aecount of the various •wits exeeuteduptnthefirst}'G1'110fAugw;tus.anddoe'lnotmentionthel'antheon,oranyvault of asimibr kind,whieh,h;odito;:xistedatthetimc,hewoold not have f:Ulctl toptaiseanddesc:ribe: ;uH]furtherby l'liny.•·ho, in his mention of the edifioe.t hints at the novelty of the form of i~ vault. Plin}' also A)'S,fthatthePantlleonwas builtbyAgrippa,and dedicated toJupitertheA,·en~r: all of which &ef'Vestoprovethatthewholeoftheedificewasen:ctedbyhim. From:apassa~ofDionaeontrary a'l:"rnentisdrawn bysome. forhcsa)'SII Agripp:t renninated thcl'antheoo: but by this he does not deny that he (Ommcno:
placed inthcexteriorofthecdificc.inolltu~ WOllld:LC«;,afurekgofahorsc,andJ>artOfthcwhcdofamtulch:uiot. whioliiUm. \\.eabolcam from Pliny.~ that this Temple was ornamented with statues, the work of Diogcnes the Athenian, which he pr.U..cd, althoughfromtheirheighttheywcrenotsufficientiytii~rniblc. Thesestatuesan:supposcd by some tohavebecnplacedontheacrotcrn::ofthepo:diment,arnlwouldhaveconsidcr.tblyimprovedthccffcct oftheportico-althoughtheywere notprobaLiydesiW~etlforthissituation,itnotbcingcu=ryto 1'13cccaf)"atidcsonpcdiments. T hcinscriptiononthefriezewasfdledwithlcttcr.~alsoof bronze; and weseeanotherinscription,insmallerlettcrs,onthetwoupperfacesofthearchitrnve; whichdescribesthatScptimiusSc:verusand Marcust\un:liuscaused theedificctobcrcpain:d: but no altcrntionsinitsexteriorappear:mribut:tblctothem Thecampanil.,,whicbarconthem3.!1Sbchind the portico, and disfigure the building, were erected byBernini,underPopeUrbanVIII,whocutawaytheccntralpartofthccomiceoftheupper pediment. and that part of lhe wail, in onkrto fonn proj~-ction1 to n:o:ive hi~ to•crs.•• Entering the portiw,we lind it divided intothrtt naves,theru.L.tingolthrec:intcroolumniacions,and terminated bythegr.uul door·"ar: thesidcone~~cachoftwointcrcolumniations,tcrminated by niches, inoneofwhichwasJI!:u:cdthcM:ltucofAu~tus.andintheotherthottufAgrippa:t+ Com:sponding ,.·iththcintemalcolumns,arepbcalpilastcrs in,.hitc marbk>,lluted, and the walls between them are urn:unemed'ltithbasre!iefs.rq.resentingf.,.,toonsllithe~ndelabra:,&:leudOC..Iapici,acc~.patc:r.J:,litui, capcduncul:r, Mpergilli, and oth"r II:I.Cft.-d urcn~~"- all of which sc:n·e to pnl\'e that the: Pantheon was reallyatcmvlc: thcsc5at~~eom:una•barcsc:cn also bct"·ccn the pi~n oftheutcrior. The tfutt n:l\'c53ppcu'toha\'Cbecncoveredwithbronzc;thcccntrnldivi:.ionprob;ILiy"·..s•-aultOO,to~pond wilhthearchof ma!OIIryoverthcentrano:c; thesi
- Page 1: The architectural antiquities of Ro
- Page 8 and 9: ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES ROME O N
- Page 10: ADVERTISEMENT. T ''~f.:WR~I~:,:·:t
- Page 14 and 15: CON T EN T S OF PART l. OR IG INAl.
- Page 16 and 17: INTRODUCTION AND EXPLANATION OF THE
- Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTION AN D EXPLANATI O N O F
- Page 20 and 21: The pan No. 2Jisofsimil.ublocks,cac
- Page 22 and 23: ~ I ... JJJ rn .. ~
- Page 24: COMPARAT IVE DIMENSIONS OfTHEBVIlOI
- Page 27 and 28: OF THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF TITUS PLAT
- Page 29 and 30: OF TilE J"klU\II'Ht\li .\R
- Page 31 and 32: PLATE VII. DETAILS OF TilE VARIOUS
- Page 33 and 34: OF THE TRIUMI'IIAL ARCH OF TITUS ..
- Page 35 and 36: OF THE TRIUMl'HJ\ L ARCH OF SEI'TI
- Page 37 and 38: Themasonryoftheatticisinlargeblocks
- Page 39 and 40: OF THE TRIUMPIIAL ARCH OF SEPTIMIUS
- Page 41 and 42: OF TilE .\RCH OF THE GOLDSM ITHS PL
- Page 43 and 44: OF THE ARCH OF TRAJAN. AT ANCONA. P
- Page 45 and 46: OF THE ARCH OF CONSTANTINE. PLATE X
- Page 47 and 48: PLATE XXX II I. SECTION TH ROUGH TH
- Page 49: PLATE XXXIX. l' llF.!llt medallions
- Page 53 and 54: OF THE I'ANTHEON. AT ROME colours:
- Page 55 and 56: OF THE I'ANT!llm!\. AT KOME Thclowc
- Page 57 and 58: OF TilE I'A:O:THEON. AT ROME is les
- Page 59 and 60: OF TI-l E PANTHEON, AT ROME PLAT E
- Page 61 and 62: OF THE I'ANTHEON AT ROM£ PLAT E LI
- Page 63 and 64: TEMPLE OF ANTONJNUS AND FAUSTI NA.
- Page 65 and 66: OF THE TEMPLE OF ANTON INUS AND FAU
- Page 68 and 69: PART II. OF THE TEMPLE OF VESTA. TI
- Page 70 and 71: OF THE T EMPLE OF VESTA. ,\T T IVO
- Page 72 and 73: OF TilE TEMI'LE 0 1' VESTA. TIVOLI.
- Page 74 and 75: OF THE TEMI'LE OF MARS ULTIOR, AT R
- Page 76 and 77: TEMPLE OF JUPITER TONANS. AT ROME P
- Page 78 and 79: OF T il E TEMPLE OF T il E D I OSCU
- Page 80 and 81: 01· TilE TE\II'LE Ul; rHI:: UIOSCU
- Page 82 and 83: OF TIH: fEMI'l.b: 0 1· T H E UIOSC
- Page 84 and 85: 01· Till:.: TEMPLE OF VESTt\, AT R
- Page 86 and 87: Of TilE TEMPI.F. OF FORTUNA VIR! LI
- Page 88 and 89: p.:IY~mcnL OF THE COLUMN AND l'ORUM
- Page 90 and 91: OF TI-lE ANTONINE COLUMN. AT ROME.
- Page 92 and 93: OF THE FORUM OF NERVA, AT ROME, THE
- Page 94 and 95: Of. TilE AMPHITHEATRE OF VESPAS IAN
- Page 96 and 97: Fr.mgepanibmily,withwhoml'ope l nro
- Page 98 and 99: PLATE CXV II. Pl.ANS OF THE SECOND
placed inthcexterior<strong>of</strong>thecdificc.inolltu~<br />
WOllld:LC«;,afurekg<strong>of</strong>ahorsc,andJ>artOfthcwhcd<strong>of</strong>amtulch:uiot.<br />
whioliiUm. \\.eabolcam from Pliny.~<br />
that this Temple was ornamented with statues, the work <strong>of</strong> Diogcnes the Athenian, which he pr.U..cd,<br />
althoughfromtheirheighttheywcrenotsufficientiytii~rniblc. <strong>The</strong>sestatuesan:supposcd by some<br />
tohavebecnplacedontheacrotcrn::<strong>of</strong>thepo:diment,arnlwouldhaveconsidcr.tblyimprovedthccffcct<br />
<strong>of</strong>theportico-althoughtheywere notprobaLiydesiW~etlforthissituation,itnotbcingcu=ryto<br />
1'13cccaf)"atidcsonpcdiments. T hcinscriptiononthefriezewasfdledwithlcttcr.~also<strong>of</strong> bronze; and<br />
weseeanotherinscription,insmallerlettcrs,onthetwoupperfaces<strong>of</strong>thearchitrnve;<br />
whichdescribesthatScptimiusSc:verusand Marcust\un:liuscaused theedificctobcrcpain:d: but no<br />
altcrntionsinitsexteriorappear:mribut:tblctothem<br />
<strong>The</strong>campanil.,,whicbarconthem3.!1Sbchind the portico, and disfigure the building, were erected<br />
byBernini,underPopeUrbanVIII,whocutawaytheccntralpart<strong>of</strong>thccomice<strong>of</strong>theupper<br />
pediment. and that part <strong>of</strong> lhe wail, in onkrto fonn proj~-ction1 to n:o:ive hi~ to•crs.•• Entering the<br />
portiw,we lind it divided intothrtt naves,theru.L.tingolthrec:intcroolumniacions,and<br />
terminated bythegr.uul door·"ar: thesidcone~~cach<strong>of</strong>twointcrcolumniations,tcrminated by niches,<br />
inone<strong>of</strong>whichwasJI!:u:cdthcM:ltuc<strong>of</strong>Au~tus.andintheotherthottufAgrippa:t+ Com:sponding<br />
,.·iththcintemalcolumns,arepbcalpilastcrs in,.hitc marbk>,lluted, and the walls between them are<br />
urn:unemed'ltithbasre!iefs.rq.resentingf.,.,toonsllithe~ndelabra:,&:leudOC..Iapici,acc~.patc:r.J:,litui,<br />
capcduncul:r, Mpergilli, and oth"r II:I.Cft.-d urcn~~"- all <strong>of</strong> which sc:n·e to pnl\'e that the: Pantheon was<br />
reallyatcmvlc: thcsc5at~~eom:una•barcsc:cn also bct"·ccn the pi~n <strong>of</strong>theutcrior. <strong>The</strong> tfutt<br />
n:l\'c53ppcu'toha\'Cbecncoveredwithbronzc;thcccntrnldivi:.ionprob;ILiy"·..s•-aultOO,to~pond<br />
wilhthearch<strong>of</strong> ma!OIIryoverthcentrano:c; thesi
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