The architectural antiquities of Rome - University of Notre Dame ...
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>architectural</strong> <strong>antiquities</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rome</strong><br />
I 30 plates (parr fold.) 5 I<br />
Hesburgh Libraries<br />
<strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Notre</strong> <strong>Dame</strong>
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ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES<br />
ROME<br />
O N E HU N DRED & THIRTY VI EWS & ~IEAS UR n iE N T S<br />
GEORGE LEDWELL TAYLOR,<br />
fOlhcN~nJ~odCre>tlln"'"';~.U.. .. ortheSoa.oyoiAnuq..._oiU..SoacryotAns,<br />
•nd ol""' R.oJol l•tn••~ ol llrilllh Arclutoctt;<br />
EDWARD CRESY,<br />
A N EW EDITION.
'A<br />
1'{1'\
ADVERTISEMENT.<br />
T ''~f.:WR~I~:,:·:t~u:~:~~:.rt:~hi~ R:: l ~,rst~,:~:h: 0 : ~~~;~~arte'~~:~:<br />
Ty,·o Vols. Folio. at the:: price <strong>of</strong> Eight(CI] Guint"U. or on India p.1per, Twenty-four Guinea5<br />
h hu oo .. - long been out oltlfint<br />
<strong>The</strong> 'OOk: w~:~rk to pre;ent on " large SCl.le. and with the preci~ion o{ minute pmfcss.ion.1l<br />
me;uun:ment, the:: ehic:f Monumental "-'mlins <strong>of</strong> the Ci t)', in pl:~n, dev:uion, and detail, it has<br />
alwa)'3 hdd the tllao:: <strong>of</strong> the st:lndard authority upon the subject <strong>of</strong> the i\rchitectural Monuments<br />
or <strong>Rome</strong><br />
This work has &ince been c--.pl~ted for l'ublic:uion under tiM: editorial an: <strong>of</strong> hiJ S(>n, the<br />
Rev ..\t..UA'
ORIG INA L PREFACE. r8z r<br />
HAVtJ
CON T EN T S OF PART l.<br />
OR IG INAl. I'REFACE<br />
I NTRODUCTION AND GENERA L PLAN -<br />
PLATES I TO X<br />
PLATES X I TO X I X<br />
PLAT ES<br />
XX TO XXV.<br />
TilE AI
CONTENTS OF PART I I.<br />
PLATES LX III TO LXX I.<br />
TEM I'LE OF MARS ULTOR, AT ROME<br />
P LAT ES LXX I I TO LXXVII I.<br />
01· THE TEMPLE O F JUPITER TO~A NS, AT ROMI~<br />
PLAT ES LXX I X TO LXXX II I.<br />
PLATJ:-:5<br />
LXXX I V 1'0 XCI I I<br />
PLATES XCIV TO XCV I<br />
P tATIOS XCV II TO CI.<br />
OF THE COLU)I N AND FORUM OF TRAJAN, AT ROME<br />
PLATF.S C II TO C I V.<br />
'Through!IO
INTRODUCTION<br />
AND EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.<br />
(PLATE CXXX.)<br />
!'LAN 5110\VING THE POSITI~~E~T:~O~~ 01' Til E JIUILDI NGS HEREI N<br />
Ontho:Ottasionfformin;::thcStra)ed<br />
~u~;:;~:;:;::; ~Ep~:ffi~~:=~~:~~i're~~~~~:i~hi,~:;~~~~<br />
<strong>of</strong> th~n .;~~~.~~h~:~;;~~n~~ti~~: 0 1~~~;: :~~~~~:~=~·."~~the pan <strong>of</strong> the f~ade with<br />
the i~~~~~n~:,~~ ~~:n=.i::- ; 1 is evident th:ttthc dmwinga are f.~ithrul repfeS(:nmliorlll <strong>of</strong> the<br />
;~~~s1~~~IfE~f~¥£fiE:~£jlff~~~~r;~~:,~ ~~~<br />
pcnon;olmeuun:menr.,islaid.X...-nherewthcs:uneiC:I.Ie. ThO&ewhoh.avenotlleefl<br />
Sr.l'etcr"•,rrgrbcledtocontcmplateil!lmagnitudeand arrnngcment,uwdl as those <strong>of</strong><br />
theCol-.m.bythc..:ction<strong>of</strong>ourdeganteathedrni,St.l'aul'-.drnwnabioto<br />
!he~e<br />
~le.andpbttdwithinth eformer.<br />
<strong>The</strong>nave<strong>of</strong>SL l'eter'sisonehundn:dand fortyfeet in height in the
CONTENTS OF PART II.<br />
P LATES LXIII TO LXXI<br />
OF THE TEMI'LE OF MARS ULTOR, AT ROME<br />
PLATES LXXII TO LXXVIII.<br />
OF TilE TEMPLE OF JUPITER TONANS, AT ROME<br />
l"l'troogl'l!l(lmtinadVM:cna:inthcprepar.ationortheoriginaiWori
INTRODUCTION<br />
AN D EXPLANATI O N O F THE PLA T ES.<br />
(PLA T E CXXX.)<br />
I'LAN SHOWING TilE POSITION OF MOST OF TilE IJUILOINGS II EREi r\<br />
TREATED OF<br />
A~TII(I\GII nearly tho:- whole <strong>of</strong>tl\co, sp;tee occupi.ed b~· the modem ci1y<strong>of</strong> Rorno!!;. coven:ilastcrs<strong>of</strong>thc.orderinSt.Petet's:thclatter,includingthecntablature,itonehundred<br />
fet:~inheigh t ,whilctha t o fSt.l'aulisbutfift)"fect. Thcod>CTrdati•·eproportionsmaybe<br />
~~e
;;;lflil<br />
~~~~iE§~~1::£<br />
No. ~.-A:c=::~~:::c :::~ :r~:"·J>r«inct <strong>of</strong> the Temple ~ d
<strong>The</strong> pan No. 2Jis<strong>of</strong>simil.ublocks,cach ~ixfoe1seveninchesbythreefeetteninehes,<br />
No. U.<br />
ndtho:einchesthick;sevcnty-nineinth.,k.,gth<br />
T hc~ta<strong>of</strong>picrsan:tmce;~.blcwt..:"'~hownonthc l'lan<br />
ltilcleart.hatthisisthcll.u.ilica i nqucstion,forintllc:~k: de
lnthc:ANGLEarethc:various EDIFICES oont:linedin lhil Work, and othcrs.alldr.a.,rntothc:<br />
~~:~.mcscale,forref~nceastomagnituUo:,&c.<br />
~: !:=~~~o:;o~ ~~":;:,~;:;=it~~~~~ to have been originally arranged.<br />
No. 3.-Eievation<strong>of</strong>thcl'ron.aos<strong>of</strong>theTemple<strong>of</strong>i\lincrva,atAthen5, forcompa.rison<br />
<strong>The</strong>se twoportioocsarejustlycon&idcred the finest existing; thcircxtentdiffcrso_nly<br />
tenfcct,but thcirhcight,considerably. Thcbcauty<strong>of</strong>thcl'ortico<strong>of</strong>tllePanlhc:on«onJUSU<br />
gn:atly initsdcplhandnrrangcmcnt.<br />
No. 4.-<strong>The</strong> Temple <strong>of</strong> Mal"!l Ultot". See Plates LXXII to LXXVI II<br />
No. 0.-<strong>The</strong> Temple <strong>of</strong> Jupiter Tonans. See 1'1.-ltes LXXIX to LXXXV.<br />
No. 0.-Transver.;c:Secion<strong>of</strong> the Temple <strong>of</strong> Peace, or Huilit;~.<strong>of</strong> ConJ.Unt.irn:<br />
No. 7.-Transvcn;e Section <strong>of</strong> the ll.uilica o{ Trajan. Sec Plates Cllto CJV<br />
No. 8.-Section<strong>of</strong>thc: Temple <strong>of</strong> Venus and <strong>Rome</strong><br />
No. 11.-Eievation<strong>of</strong>theTcmple<strong>of</strong>Venusand<strong>Rome</strong>.<br />
r\o.IO.-E~X~ ~ ~:r the Temple <strong>of</strong> Jupiter Stator. or the Dio!.curi See l'btes LXXXIV<br />
~: :!:=!:~~n~~~n. Sees!~':~~~~ ~(:VII.<br />
<strong>The</strong>se: Columns differ only three inches in lw:ight. but \"lll) cc•m.idernbly in their<br />
proportions.andintheheight<strong>of</strong>thcirpedestala.<br />
No.U.-Thc Arch <strong>of</strong> the Goldsmiths. Sec Plates XX to XX\'<br />
No. U.-<strong>The</strong> Arch <strong>of</strong> Trajan.at Ancona.. Sec l'btcs XXVI to XXIX<br />
~: : :.-=~::~;;::~ :::7:mi~Sel::: I ;:X ~'lates XI to XIX<br />
No. 17.-Thc Temple <strong>of</strong> Vesta, at <strong>Rome</strong>. Sec l'bte. XCIV to XCV I<br />
No. 18.-<strong>The</strong> Temple
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~
PLAK<br />
OF THE WESTERN PART OF PLATE<br />
ISOURA..,.,.IQVITIES Of RO.ME .<br />
SIIEWINGTIIE RECENT DISCO\'ERJES<br />
FORVM ROMANVM,<br />
WITH RESTORATIONS<br />
~~ OF Til£VARIOVS FORA<br />
."/.1 .... ~~-~'lo, ~ORTH Of THE SAM£.,<br />
t'TENillNGt'ROMTHEHASII.ICAOfCONSTA.'I"<br />
TOTIIECOLVMti'OfTRAJAN •<br />
.f.ASTWMlDT01'Ht.: COLO<br />
·~<br />
v· "~<br />
,/F
COMPARAT IVE DIMENSIONS<br />
OfTHEBVIlOINGS IN THIS WORK<br />
AlSO OF S~ PEteRS &.S~ PAVLS .<br />
RDENs<br />
. '<br />
]<br />
p<br />
ATIN£
OF T H E TRI UMPHAL ARCH OF T ITUS<br />
PLATE I<br />
VIEW OF T HE EAST S ID E, TOWARDS T il E COLOSSEUM<br />
T111 remains <strong>of</strong> this beautiful Arch an: foo.md on the a:rurse<strong>of</strong> the SACRED O R T R I UM PH A L.<br />
W 1\ Y, which oomrneneed :u the Cin:us M.u:imus. and extended to the C:ipitol. It had various<br />
directions under different Emperors, and especiallyundcrthcEmpcrorNcro: and llklynowbetr:Ked,<br />
first under the Arch <strong>of</strong> Constantine, :o.g;Un undu the one now tk:scribed, and also under the An;h <strong>of</strong><br />
SeptimiusSeverus,ti\1 winding round bct·ooe.::n theTemples<strong>of</strong> J upitcr T on:o.II'JandConcord:itled the<br />
vietoriousproc:8Sionstothe T EMPLE OF JU PITER F ERETRI US,ontheRomanGipitol.<br />
Ateach<strong>of</strong>thexplacesthcvcrystoneslhatformedthcp:werncnt<strong>of</strong>tltiss;u:ndroadarevisible.<br />
llcn:,as,.·cll asat theArcll<strong>of</strong> Septimius Sevcrus, it i5oompoeed <strong>of</strong>larg~::!lri1QOthma$$C$<strong>of</strong><br />
lav::r.,all theacuteangle:sbeingrounded,andtheforms<strong>of</strong>thestoncsa.ssoncdtoeaehother,sou t<strong>of</strong>onn<br />
asurlaceatonc:esolidV~de;>Sy<strong>of</strong>traffic.. UndcrtheArch<strong>of</strong>Constantinc,and thcaideopeningt<strong>of</strong>thc<br />
An::h <strong>of</strong> Septimius Se\.~rus, it ""3!1 found in 1817 to be formed <strong>of</strong> L1rge flat bloek$ <strong>of</strong> white marble, ill<br />
::n~":V:C:<br />
011 ~teell<br />
feet lo11g, but the roadway at the Ardl <strong>of</strong> Collll:l.ntinc i5 110w pavod with the<br />
T his TR IUMP H A L ARCH was raised by the Sen.1te and Roman People in honour <strong>of</strong> T ITUS,<br />
110, 1'.:" but as this<br />
inscriptiondOCil notalludetotheArch.ortotheconquest <strong>of</strong> judca,andwas found a t ..ocons i dcro~blea<br />
distam:e,itdOCilllOtprob:r.blybclong.orrcfcr tQ it,anymorethanthemanymcd.11swhich bcar testimony<br />
th.u Tnjan vlled the T emple <strong>of</strong> l'allas (now<br />
consideredtoltavebeelltheForumTransitorium).said toha•·e b«n erected by him. llo.,·ever, from<br />
thecx~~ion"Divo"intheinscription,andthe:aJ>theosis<strong>of</strong>theEmpo::ror,rcprescntedinthe50ffi t o f<br />
theArdl.wemay(f.lthcrthatitwasapo:sthumoustributc.<br />
<strong>The</strong> extcriM ii composed <strong>of</strong> massh"e bk>cks<strong>of</strong> white Parosln:lrble,mostv:quisitelywori:ed:~nd<br />
oonstructcd;thebcd5andendsarelinclypolisbed,;mdsowelllittcd,th.atinm.3nypl:u:esthejoinllare<br />
scareely pe!'IX'ptible; ;and, though the earliest instance remaining <strong>of</strong> a Rornan T riutn]>hal Areh, and<br />
roruisting<strong>of</strong>bu t<br />
:~_.jngleO!>Cning.stillitisone<strong>of</strong>thcmostbe:autifulmonuments<strong>of</strong>t~tdescriptiontha t<br />
time.orthedestructive~nd<strong>of</strong>man,havesp:ue:k<br />
------ -
OF THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF TITUS<br />
PLATE II.<br />
APTHMadmiringtheeastern fare<strong>of</strong> thisedifire,and passing through iUI clabomtelydccor.~tedarchw:J.y,<br />
we mturnllyturn to view the pn:sc:nt state <strong>of</strong> the other side, toward the Forum. Here we have to<br />
lamentst.illgreaterdest.ruct.ionthanwehaveb
OF THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF TITUS<br />
PLATE III<br />
PLAN AND EL EVATION OF THE 1\RCI-I, I N PA RT RESTORED<br />
IN this PLlte aregi""n th~!<br />
plan and elevation, showing the proportion <strong>of</strong> the Arch when it wu<br />
oomple~ • T he whole mass,- restoring the attic cornice, <strong>of</strong> which there are, however, no remai..,.,-<br />
~!.o':[:;~f\';~i;:~J~i~=::.;;n~~\:'::~f~;-:~~n::n ::::: ~~~~;:~~~~=<br />
Thu1 Wt.ecm to have been rem:u-ked bySerlioorDus:odeu:: forth.cforrnerasseru,<br />
:!:::!7proja:tthreequarters<strong>of</strong>theirdiamctcr; 'll'hilethelattcraffinns, th.1tthcyprojec:tonly<br />
<strong>The</strong>archivohbcingomamentedonlyinasmallparttotheright<strong>of</strong>thekey-•tone,tn:~y~<br />
:~=~~tthco;u510m<strong>of</strong>theanc:icnts"·astocutmanyo(theornament5aftcrthcbuilding<br />
'h io_,........,IOthiodoniXIo..-lilolaud.<br />
~::l:~~lc~-=~-===:~~~::~~=<br />
__..,_lhc ...... ubotbo- ArthJTit .... i:t~ud ..... JTnjouo,.,.....lhcpnnJI\.IK'Oila{_l'lal .. XXVIC<br />
J(X\)(~..-...... Ihcw;ptJihcpodlftbo--..MdJihcArd!,wtDdtb>dfllpoo/...otonlor.'"""<br />
_,_koul......,,_thchcichtfllti>ehtW'Iolol>e
OF TilE J"klU\II'Ht\li .\R
OF THE TRIUMPHAL. t\RCII OF TITU::i<br />
do not ~fll!ll: each Ot~r. It may appe:ar to SOflle<br />
dentclsandmodiUions,t:l.keawayallreposefromtheeye.H<br />
PL ATE V I.<br />
TnE ~matium <strong>of</strong> I~ cornice A is much mutilated, as here shown; but sufficient remain~ to decide the<br />
clwactcr<strong>of</strong>itsornamenq.,whichoonsisted<strong>of</strong>sepanto:le.aves,eacll..:v.::nindleainextent;with<br />
:=:~les in thc:m alternately, as at n. Scrlio particularly eulogizes this moulding and its<br />
<strong>The</strong> front <strong>of</strong> thecarona Cis •·crydttplyand minutely cut, Ill appc:o.rs by the.ec:tion <strong>of</strong> that<br />
orn:~ment, D. lri s difficuhtoim.~ginc "'hat these ornaments arc intcmletl to reprcso:nt, but they are<br />
found inn1..~ny<strong>of</strong> the Romancxample!iudccorntionsforthismcmber,thoughtheyv:~ryalilllein their<br />
forms and proportions<br />
Eis the section <strong>of</strong> the s<strong>of</strong>fi t <strong>of</strong> the corona., and I the plan <strong>of</strong> the same; tbcc<strong>of</strong>fcn an":deq,ly<br />
~:n~b::~ .ha~ a v:~riety <strong>of</strong> !lowers in them: one <strong>of</strong> the specimens is here shown, and two mcwe<br />
<strong>The</strong> modillions ure peculiarly f:1nciful and pleasing in their design: the lntrodt•ction <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
entwining together, in&tead <strong>of</strong> the leaves usually pt.:..ced :u om:1meot ~od :ljlparcnt '"'PJX>rl to th.c<br />
modillion,mayhaveiOmerefcrcneetothenavalpg.rt<strong>of</strong>theconqucSicommcmorntedbythisArch.<br />
Fistl>ert:pn:sc:ntation<strong>of</strong>theside,G<strong>of</strong>thefront,and H theplan<strong>of</strong>themodillion.<br />
Th.eove&, K,are:verydecplycutandrclieved: therimsareplainonthcirfaa:,th.-.ti...,withouttbc<br />
lluteob.crvableinmanyotherexamples.<br />
<strong>The</strong>lo..,·ermember<strong>of</strong>thecomice L haaapeculiardlarac1cr<strong>of</strong>le;U',verygr:u;dulioitsforml.<br />
M,theuppermember<strong>of</strong>theardtitra~.basaboapecu!iar,thoughdilfcrentch.~rnc:tcl"fromthelast<br />
membcr,thc:facebcingneatlyamooth,withnoiiCI!kindicated,and but slightly raised vdnsattheeyt:a<br />
<strong>of</strong>theleav01- Thismouklingisalsomuc:happrovedbySerlio.<br />
llythesec:tiona<strong>of</strong>thesemouldings.andomaments,andth.at<strong>of</strong>thecomice,P!Oit.,V,..,·iHappearthc:<br />
boldmannerinwhiebthcyarerelicved;anditmaybegenl'r.llly""""rtcd.thattheoutcrOO
PLATE VII.<br />
DETAILS OF TilE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE ARCH<br />
TnmissupposedtobavebeentheliBtinstanoe<strong>of</strong>theu!!e<strong>of</strong>thc:Compoaitc:Order. Its various parts<br />
aresufficientl)·perfecttocompk:tethccapil3l,exccpttheturningo•·ero(thclcaves. Weha,·eprclcrred<br />
:u:ti~~m ;heth~=·ha!~·~~~:;;~ed=~~.rdie••ed,and the ornaments linclycut, and<br />
l'alladioappearssohighlytobaveestecmed this elWilple.a.stohave..:Jected it for his Composite<br />
Otder,cxcepttheheight<strong>of</strong>thevolutcs.whic:hhenukessmallcr. 1-fca)'S:-<br />
" <strong>The</strong> dim~ons <strong>of</strong> the C
01' THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF TITUS<br />
blar>cadtbo...,.,oDdthoocUI~nt"......J ....... t(l(ron,.;v-~a-bodJJ.toe,OI>IImiJihloccth.lo-tbelf=tnl'labeOfllhnn,-'owercthti
OF THE TRIUMI'IIAL ARCH OF TITUS<br />
....., 10 be-&h>.PPJ._....,.aid.-,ODdCDilJ'C~olnaooico~;•hik-<strong>of</strong>tMm~•""~·otld-wer•<br />
===~~::.:O(O(:~::::~:::u~..,..~~":,~~~wi"::':<br />
::!~:::=..~ro'";:!,"!";;~:!"::~::::=... ~':':'r::':;~..=::<br />
rinnaloo,al\ortlq..-ootalot.Jgclllldonoland>olr"-'.=dowft,I>Otimo&bndcu.llmltliliD
TR I U MPHA L ARC H OF SEPTI M I US SEVE RUS.<br />
PLAT E X I.<br />
VI EW OF THE EAST SIDE OF THE ARCH, TOWARD THE ROMAN FORUM.<br />
PIWCRDI~\0 from the An;h <strong>of</strong> Titus, which was described in the first Number <strong>of</strong> this Work, and<br />
pursuingthecourx<strong>of</strong>thcSou:redWay,wefindoothewestside<strong>of</strong>thcForum,andatthe lOot <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Capitoline Hill,theAn:hoiSEPTIMIUS SEVERUS. It is c:onstructcd <strong>of</strong> whire matbll:,and has<br />
lhro;:aperttii"CIIOI'opcnings.communiealingwithcacbothcrbylater.:U;arches.<br />
Bythcintaiptionontheatticwcan::inf~lha t theSenate:andRoma n l'eopledcdicatedthis<br />
Triumplul An;h in honour <strong>of</strong> lhe Emperor Septimius Sevcrus. fOI' the scvc:r::al victorie~ obtained b}' him<br />
intheEast,inc:onjunctioowithhi•lW'o$0R$,CaracalbandGeta.<br />
Spanianusn::l:neslkltCarnca.lla'shatn:d tow;trds hisbrother(li;Q.Sjoncd himlOer.ueGeta'sname<br />
from all public monumeni.B; and this is confirmed by Fontanini, who discovered lhat the fourth line,<br />
Hoptimi., fortissimisque prindpibus,~ was sunk below theonlim~.rysurf:u:c <strong>of</strong> the m.arble; and by mon:<br />
c,~.rdulobservatiOtl.,hefoundtheholes<strong>of</strong>thecramP"that!ieeuredtheoriginalinscription,and trae:ed it<br />
to have been MEt l'ublio Septimio Ge~ Czs. J>ontif. " 1\ similar erasure <strong>of</strong> the m~.me, and also <strong>of</strong> a<br />
basrelief<strong>of</strong> thefigure<strong>of</strong>Geta,isobservabk intheGold.smithiArcb<br />
T hisArchisdcroratedwith four fluted oolumns on each from <strong>of</strong> thcCompositeOrdcr,dcUched<br />
from the building and placed on pedesWs having pilasters behind them, and iUJiprting a. rich<br />
cnublatu~.ovcrwhichisanatticextendingunintcrru ptedlyinonepanclto theoute r col u mns.<br />
lktweo:n th..c:piloutersarebasreliefs,which,though<strong>of</strong> b;uldesign,nothnvingtheadvant.o.ge<strong>of</strong><br />
pc:rspectiv.:in thdrdi~tribution, and executed in mth.er an inferior manner, yet an: vcryinten:sting,as<br />
they represent the luiXCSiiful expeditions <strong>of</strong> Severus against the l'arthians, Arabians, &c.; :.nd the<br />
.,v.,ntsreo:ordedonthemrnaybo:de>.tlytrae«!byrefaencctotbeaccounts<strong>of</strong>ancientauthors.•<br />
Onbotbfa.ees<strong>of</strong>theArch,aboV
OF THE TRIUMl'HJ\ L ARCH OF SEI'TI MIUS SEVI~II.U!)<br />
the commcnoement <strong>of</strong> the Ca11itoline HilL It was conducted by T. Z3ppati, a skilful architect,<br />
who found it necessary to incline the ~urTQUnding wall a little inwards Qll the oorW side, in COMequcntt<br />
~ne~~~em conduit which conducted the Aqua felice to the Capitol, coming in the w;~.y <strong>of</strong> hi~ 0\":1.1<br />
<strong>The</strong> mortice holes. hdow the impost, probably were cut for the purpose <strong>of</strong> inSlult, in order that the sculptun::s might be examined<br />
minutely; the rubbish was also removed from about the Arch at c.ltat time, but shortly after filled<br />
inag:t.in<br />
Behind the Arch arc the prc.ent steps, or inclined planC!I. which IC.'.ld tO the Capitol. At the<br />
commencement <strong>of</strong> these, to the right. you "'ntcr the Mammcrtinc Prison. where St. Peter was confined<br />
At their summit is seen a pan <strong>of</strong> on"' <strong>of</strong> th"' buildings by Miehat:l An;;cl11. which ad001 the three sides<br />
<strong>of</strong>th..,squarc<strong>of</strong>tlu:modemCapitol; it is the Museum <strong>of</strong> Scul]>turc; oppo!litc it is that <strong>of</strong> Painting;<br />
and,ont.heea.stside,the:r.partments<strong>of</strong>theSen..1te,the00ck<strong>of</strong>whichcxtend :ICI'O$Sthepictu~.behind<br />
the Arch, an int:gularpilc. <strong>The</strong> square is approached from the west by a hand!ioOtne broad flight <strong>of</strong><br />
fi!CJ"'.deeontedonthe topbrlhetrophics<strong>of</strong> Marius,andintheccntrc<strong>of</strong>it isafineequcstrianstatuc<br />
<strong>of</strong> Martus Aurdius. <strong>The</strong> Tower <strong>of</strong> the Sc~~atc is here cut <strong>of</strong>f by tlte pic:wrc; it is seen en~ in the<br />
view <strong>of</strong> the Arch <strong>of</strong> Titus. To the left <strong>of</strong> the Arch are the ren1
PLATE X III<br />
Tnr.ma.'ISf' thi~ediliooisvcryimposingand grnnd; the length beingseventy•$iXfei:tfour irn:hcsan
<strong>The</strong>masonry<strong>of</strong>theatticisinlargeblocks.alld more particularlythat<strong>of</strong>lheouterpiers; the part<br />
<strong>of</strong>whichlcvclwiththedieo!thepedestalshasthrecblocb,thenorthcmoneonlytwo<br />
Totheleftextn:mityare$hownthetwosteps•<strong>of</strong>thesideArcltes.attheend toW':ll'lbtheCapitol.<br />
andtheindinedline<strong>of</strong>J"'vcmcnt<strong>of</strong>thecentraiAreh<br />
PLATE XV.<br />
A. <strong>The</strong> base. a <strong>The</strong> c:~pital. C. Plan <strong>of</strong> ditto. D. <strong>The</strong> section. E. <strong>The</strong> cn~;~.blature .<br />
mouldings<strong>of</strong>thepedestak G. <strong>The</strong>mouldings<strong>of</strong>theattie.<br />
<strong>The</strong> leaves <strong>of</strong> thi:s~:~pital are docidedlythcac:anthus,and diffa-cntirclyfromthosc<strong>of</strong>theAn:h<strong>of</strong><br />
~tu~:~icharctheolivc. Thcchamct~:riswcllrcprcsen.ted..lhoughtheyarcnotsolindyworl::edou<br />
PLATE XVI.<br />
TilE VAR IOUS MEMilERS. ONE QUARTER THEIR ACTU;\L S IZE<br />
A. <strong>The</strong>cimarcvcrsaolthcatticcomic:e,with:oo::tion<strong>of</strong>tl\t,same.<br />
Thcmouldingsonthecorona<strong>of</strong>theprirw:iJ~alcornicc,andtheuppcrmcmbcr<strong>of</strong>the:ucllirr.wc,are<br />
prccisclythes;uneinchar:actcr,andvcrylll':lrly.ointheirdimcnsionswiththis.<br />
R <strong>The</strong> moulding <strong>of</strong> thclongpanclinthcattic.<br />
C. Tltemouldingundertheoorona<strong>of</strong>themainoomiee.<br />
D. <strong>The</strong> lower ornament <strong>of</strong> the impost <strong>of</strong> the great Arch<br />
~· ;~ ~::: u:~;,~o~c~l~n:7~eo~~: side An:hC$<br />
G. <strong>The</strong>capital,withitsvolute,one<strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> theeightupper:md lower leaves. ranged round the<br />
apit:al. and the small leaf on the vase <strong>of</strong> it All in their situatiorL• as to height, l:!ut laid out<br />
geometrically.<br />
and ~de T~impost moulding, and archivolt <strong>of</strong> the arches <strong>of</strong> o:ommuniation, between the centre<br />
hisunne«ssarytopointoutthepeculi:tritic:a<strong>of</strong>thesemo .. ldings.thcscaleto"'hichtheyaredrawn<br />
rcndcrsthemsufficicntlycxplanatory<br />
PLATE XV II.<br />
A. <strong>The</strong> key-stone and .m:hivolt <strong>of</strong> the central Areh. IJ. Section <strong>of</strong> thcan;hivolt. C. Pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the<br />
kc>··s.tone in itspresents~te. D. <strong>The</strong>leafonthe501ftt<strong>of</strong>thesaone. E. J>r<strong>of</strong>ilc <strong>of</strong>thelr.cr·5tone <strong>of</strong><br />
th~stdc Arches. F .. Sccuon <strong>of</strong> th~ mouldings, over and under the panels beneath the priocipal bas<br />
r.::hcfs. G. <strong>The</strong> archtvolt and out! me <strong>of</strong> the lr.cy·6t0nes: the latter are 110 much mutibtcd, that their<br />
design cannot be m3deout. II <strong>The</strong> impoit and o:<strong>of</strong>fcn <strong>of</strong> the: ccntnl An.:h,with the S~eetion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
sam{'. I. <strong>The</strong> wlfers <strong>of</strong> the An:hes <strong>of</strong> o:ommuniation, "'ith th~ir .o;ection, ~nd that <strong>of</strong> the 3rchi,·olt.<br />
K. Thcimpo,tandc<strong>of</strong>fcrs<strong>of</strong> thesidcAn:hes,withtheirscction
OF THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF SEI>T IMIUS SEVERUS<br />
PLATE XVIII.<br />
THE liAS J{ELJEFS ON TH~H~A~~:~~IE OF Till~ ARCH, TOWARD<br />
PLATE XIX<br />
THE BAS RELIEFS ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE ARCH, TOWARD<br />
THE CAP I TOl ~<br />
Tn ~tabove lasrc l ief•;ue~ucidated by HERODIAN in h.is third book. ,..hetl= he minutely describes<br />
al ltheevent.a t tend i ng th etec:xped i rioos ol Scvcrus tothe~;andrhbill them<br />
~ ':::.:.-a!!:-!::=::::~~-:.-~bho.:::,~-..-'::;!<br />
~~::~=~~::::~-~·~;~==~~::;~<br />
§§i~~~t~~~§§~~~~1t~<br />
"""'•plo«.l"'lho"'iMir<strong>of</strong>adearn,UH!IoDJ.;,.,.,abooadao
OF THE TRIUMPIIAL ARCH OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS<br />
ontbei:rknea(t;);LhtoEcJpL<br />
~lnu.e,_.,J>,~o.D.:ool,Sntrwrrtun>tdl(lltomcwilhhil-; hotccldnteolkll
OF T H E A RCI-1" OF TH E GO LDSMITHS.<br />
PLAT E XX.<br />
TmJ Arcll wu m:etrd by the Goldsmiths and Mcn;ha.na. in~bi~;U~ t:S <strong>of</strong> the: Pooun &.mum, and<br />
dedica~ed toSeptimim Sevenas:ond hi. family, as appears by the inxription on ita iOUth front,t in<br />
honour ollhe:signal •·ictoOes obuined by him in ll1e E:u;t,which are particubrlyrclerred to on the<br />
Archr:aised to him in thei'Utle)=r, by the Senate and Pc:ople,intbcRomanFOOJ.m,•hidlhasbecn<br />
:dreulytleocribed. ltissaid%toha~fonncdtheNrtf~~atotbeForumBoarium,IOcilledfromthe<br />
smtue<strong>of</strong>abull,<strong>of</strong>A::gin:~mctal.whieh"""'PI.aoedlhere,and is alluded tobyOvid,inhisFasti,"Area<br />
quzpositodellovenomenhabet;"alsoby Tacitus. in thetlo!elfth<strong>of</strong>hisAnru.ls."aforo Boorioubi<br />
~mt:aurisin•ul;u;nunconsp icimus;";mdby l'! inyin his~hook.S{>Qkingo ftho:blar~d<strong>of</strong><br />
tEgin.1.."Uo.:.:rePS indc:captusin foroiloa.rioest Roma,hie cste>:cmJ'brJEgineticill!ris." Wem:~y<br />
infcrfromtheaho\'C,tlu.tthcForum"-ascallcd Boorium,frornthemnue; andnotfromitsha.vingbeen<br />
:amarkctfor o"cn,as iscommonly•uppooed : suchaplaccwwld notha\'e been the probablcabode<strong>of</strong><br />
~n~:~':n~::md Goled,lwhi,hprobablyn:p,_,ntedthr:figure<strong>of</strong>Gcta<br />
<strong>The</strong> view is taken (l'l)m a spot ncar theAn:h<strong>of</strong>janus Qu.'lsed: on the west<br />
~-nd, a a.ptive in chains, followed by Roman soldiers, and under that a fragment <strong>of</strong> 1CUlpture. aaid to<br />
haven::f)feS(:nted Romulus,romJJI(:ncingfromthilspotwithhisploughtom.:arkoutthecity.<br />
ThcoJit:ningiscove~ ..·i thlbtsbl>!l<strong>of</strong>marble,dividOOintocightcenc<strong>of</strong>fen.otn:~mentcdwitha<br />
=riety<strong>of</strong>i'O$CII,&c. <strong>The</strong>!IOifit<strong>of</strong>th.ean:hitraveisalsopanelled,nndomamcntedwithfoliagc.<br />
<strong>The</strong> parw:l between the pilasters on the south front, appear~~ tO have had n single ~t.1 t uc, <strong>of</strong> which<br />
theindic.ation<strong>of</strong>the headn!oRCnowremains:overit,onthe p.ll'lcl between thecapitals<strong>of</strong>thcpil:l!oters,<br />
wn•afcstoonsupportedbyVict.ories,similarto thoseundertheopcning: thisisnow.-.:moved,and<br />
repl~c.:-o:l by R 11!ain stone.<br />
•l'booweJiatilloooiArrA,beq..,._.uyJI>a,itioben:odop
OF TilE .\RCH OF THE GOLDSM ITHS<br />
PLATE XX I.<br />
SOUTH ELEVATION AND !'LAN, WIT!·! THE COFFERS, &c.<br />
INthisclc...,.tion,thepierrothcright,whichisconemlcdinthcwnll<strong>of</strong>thechurcll,isrestored,togive<br />
thcproportion<strong>of</strong>the~tMcxtcnt<strong>of</strong>thewmiccbcingequaltothewholeheight.<br />
<strong>The</strong> pcdcstlls are <strong>of</strong> trn-"Crtine stone. <strong>The</strong> dies are two-thirds <strong>of</strong> their height in width, a<br />
proportion commended by Palbdio; but as used in tbisin5tanoeand embracing twopiL-.sters,thcy3re<br />
toop~lominant:andprobablyw~adoptedwiththeintention<strong>of</strong>preservingthesculpturefromthc<br />
rcach<strong>of</strong>injurybyp:assengen;. <strong>The</strong>wmioe<strong>of</strong>thepedestals.and thewhole<strong>of</strong>thesuperstrucrure,are<br />
<strong>of</strong> white marbk. TM opening between the pil:lstcn:appearstohavebccnthe regulation for their<br />
height.• <strong>The</strong> entablature is formed more in proportion tothehelght<strong>of</strong>the ...·holeedilice,thantoth:r.t<br />
<strong>of</strong>theOrdeT.forwhieh it is far too heavy, beingcoruidernblymorethan a third <strong>of</strong>thehcight<strong>of</strong>the<br />
pibsters: whereastotheArcllinthcFOnJm ROm.:lllum,builtatthesame period. and to the others at<br />
<strong>Rome</strong>. the entablature is less !han a quarteT <strong>of</strong> tM Might <strong>of</strong> the column. TM pibsters on this front<br />
:m:ekvendiametefSinheight.thoughontheirrctumstheyarebut scvendiamcten. Onthephn,the<br />
dc:pth<strong>of</strong>theopeningist..-o-thirds<strong>of</strong> itswidth,thepilastt.onareformed inoneblockfromtheirbasesto<br />
theeapital,andthepanelsareeaehlilled"·ithasbb<strong>of</strong>marb\e,aboutsixinehesthick,securedbya<br />
grooveinthepibsters; thebody<strong>of</strong>thepicr isfonncd<strong>of</strong>i"'URh nwonryand brick. <strong>The</strong>:uclliua•-e<br />
and friezeisinON:block in height, and theu.blctfortbeill5Criptioninone.olidtlieee. <strong>The</strong>comi~<br />
appcantoh.webeeninfourblocko.,exhthe11'holeheight.<br />
PLATE XX II.<br />
A Tu~section<strong>of</strong> themstside<strong>of</strong>theopening.<br />
<strong>The</strong>pilastcn.:u-eo:onsiderablywiderth:r.non thefront.,bc:ingone-sc•·enth<strong>of</strong>theirheight,andare<br />
orn:unentcdwithscrollso f fol~1gt=in bold n::lie:f,springingfromadu ter <strong>of</strong> ka•·es.andeaehsunnounted<br />
~: =~~~~ ....,=:;v::~=i~ as:::~ycdh~sn ~;:' ;~:: :n:CT~;edth:7!!<br />
instruments used in s;~crifice,tdelieatelysculptured: and below them is thebottompand.onwhiehis<br />
~own th~ vktim. and ~pantion for sacrifice: it i1 mud! mutibtcd; between the capitals <strong>of</strong> tht:<br />
::::<br />
polastcrs,osafestoon<strong>of</strong>frullandflowers,bomebytwowing.-dfcm.Uc:s. <strong>The</strong>fric:zeisonwnentedwith<br />
a.croll<strong>of</strong>foli;tg".highlyrclicved,<strong>of</strong>thesamecharnctcruthatin PbteXXV.<br />
B. Elevation <strong>of</strong> the west end. <strong>The</strong> an:hiteewr.al ammgemcnt and deo:oration ~ similar to the<br />
sc:ctiona. lntheprincipalpanelisacapti•·einch.lins,guardedbyt•"OIIoidiers:underil.instruments<strong>of</strong><br />
=:=0~n1:~~~~~in;~:~~rr=~~;~ctto<strong>of</strong>besa~~::u:..~'lla~i!:ep=~<br />
muc:hmutilatcdtobedearl)·discerned.<br />
C. Scction <strong>of</strong>t.hcwestside<strong>of</strong>theopening.<br />
<strong>The</strong> principal ~""
01' THE ARCH OF THE GOLDSM ITHS.<br />
PLAT E X X III.<br />
T H E ORDER AND DETAILS, WI TH THEIR ADMEASUREMENTS<br />
A. <strong>The</strong>oomice<strong>of</strong>thepedestals.<br />
~ ~~ :::.. o! r~e~~whidt continue m1111d the piers.<br />
D.<strong>The</strong>apital<strong>of</strong>thepibstera,&c.tow
OF THE ARCH OF TRAJAN. AT ANCONA.<br />
PLATE XXVI.<br />
Tm:inscriptiononthesouthside<strong>of</strong> theAn:h•informs us,th:r.titwa.serected to the honour <strong>of</strong> Tr.~.jan,<br />
on theoc:casioo <strong>of</strong> his completing this port; whkh it bornted by Dion.t who says. that in the<br />
nine~~:enth year <strong>of</strong> his reign. A.D. 116, Lucius tElius l..:uniol and 1Eii:ut11!1 Vcrus being consuls, the<br />
Senate and Roman People n:tumed the Emperor solemn tlwlb for ha•·ing faci!iuucdtheentryinto<br />
ltdy. ontheside<strong>of</strong>theAt!riaticSea,byaportm;~debyhisorde r atAnoona..<br />
Thc:Archis<strong>of</strong>smalldimcnsioRs,buih<strong>of</strong>whitcmarble.and oon!listsoCbutoneopening,whiroportiunsabovcthatlinean::mOf'C c:onfonna.bletothepriocipksoi;J.crved in other Arches. hbears<br />
lilncn:>.:mblance totheAn:h <strong>of</strong>TitU!I in il!l gener.~.l dispoailion, having four columns to each front,<br />
n.:tuminginthcs:uncm.o.nncrattheangles,and havingtlblcr.slx:twccn the outer ones: th.,;eoolumm;<br />
:ueoltheCorinthianorder :thewholeisiUrmountcdbyananicll·ithoroelargepal>C'Iinthcccntn:.<br />
<strong>The</strong>kcy""lilone ovcrtheAr~kenfromthepoh.lookingtoward thctown,whio:hliesprincipallytotheright,out<strong>of</strong><br />
thepicmn:. T he causew:ayforming the mole still remains, but is encumbered with a parapet,whio:h<br />
hidup.vt<strong>of</strong>thcAr
OF TilE ARCH Or-<br />
T RAJAI", AT ANCONA.<br />
'""~~~~":J;:,";r:£.;;::~:,,:::1~::~ ~;:~::•·::~~:,,,::<br />
nearly a..• described by i'aJL1dio;• Olle half the opening <strong>of</strong> the An:h in hci~:ht. <strong>The</strong> mJ.sOIII)' is<br />
C(lmposo:d<strong>of</strong>b.rgebloc:Q<strong>of</strong>marble,uindicatedontheelevation': thec:oul'1iC!Ifn.:qucntlyan::inone<br />
block, th~ whole llize o( the piers; the joints :u-e very liel}' ~ttcd without cement.<br />
Thcsouthfromhasthein:ocriptionsontheattic;andthcla~pancl in thenQflb fronth.~•crn mJ><br />
holcs.towhichsomcbronzcomamentsappcarto!mvcbccnatt.lched<br />
~r ;;~c ~~~~i:.Sm~ ,;~~~~: :: ~h~~~:.tsn:~'!:idcs also hdd festoons <strong>of</strong> bronze, :u~
OF THE ARCH OF CONSTANTINE.<br />
PLATE XXX.<br />
V I EW FROM THE SOUT H -EAST<br />
AIIOtrT nine miles from <strong>Rome</strong>. on the OOnh <strong>of</strong> the Tiber, at a pbce c:~.lled San Rubr:a (Red Rocks),<br />
and:~littlc :abc;n.-e theEmperorharnnguing his soldiers; and, at last,<br />
Trajan<strong>of</strong>fcringsacrificcca!leds/IIQIJt/olfrilia.<br />
<strong>The</strong>fourb:asrelicfsintheattic,bcrweenthc st:r.tiU:s upon the nonh front,rcprcsemthetriumphal<br />
en try <strong>of</strong> Tr:r.jan into <strong>Rome</strong> li-<strong>The</strong> Appian way, lengthened by him to Urundu$ium-the same Emperor<br />
fL~d ing the hungry throughout haly-;tnd Trojan 1upplic:\led by Parthcln.'ISire to restore him the<br />
kingdom<strong>of</strong> Annenia.takcnfromhisfather<br />
~G~~!e_-•JS.AJIII.._not~bltto6"'1'ath
OF THE ARCH OF CONSTANTINE<br />
pavi~ r:::.:~~;rt ::.~~:::rch~~·~U:yl.orcnmdi Mcdici,...,dtakcn toFion..'11cc: but this is<br />
nottobebclie~,asonc<strong>of</strong>theheads"""-~diMoveredamongtbeearth,ar>dnowCiononitspedesc.l: "AdAm.-."<br />
T otherightcitheArcharethcl'
PLATE XXX II I.<br />
SECTION TH ROUGH THE CENTRE, AND E LEVATION OF T il E EAST END<br />
OF THE ARCH<br />
TH~~:projoction<strong>of</strong>thecolumnsandentabbtun:,pcdeoolalsandmtucs,;m:hcn:shown,andtheclwnber<br />
intheatticoverlheArcht:s: thes<strong>of</strong>fit<strong>of</strong>thecentrt:An;h,as~lutheothera,is..,.ithoutomament<br />
themasonryi:sshownonthedrawings;tJut<strong>of</strong>lhcintcriorisvcryirregulat;andmanyfrngmcnts<strong>of</strong><br />
otherbuildings.ascomioes,&c.an:secninucendinglhestaitax,anditttheclwnberabove,.!IOIDCOf<br />
whicharefinclyexecuted. Thischambercxtendsthewbolek:ngth<strong>of</strong>thc:mic,and is constructed <strong>of</strong><br />
~ ;~x~: :X~~X <strong>The</strong> IO.llptute, both in the acction and elevation, is delaibc:d in<br />
PLAT E XXX IV<br />
A. T hcbaseandcapitll<strong>of</strong> thecolumn<br />
~ ~~e~ta:t:~T he upp!!r mcmbc:r<strong>of</strong> the cornice has been eut away.<br />
D. Mooldings<strong>of</strong>thepedestals.<br />
E. Mouklings<strong>of</strong>theattic.<br />
F. lmpostandarchivolt<strong>of</strong>thesideArches.<br />
PLATE XXX V<br />
1\. <strong>The</strong>impost<strong>of</strong>theprincipa.IAn:h.<br />
~: ~~ ~~~~~~~ ::::~~:f(Wla.<br />
D. Avarietyindino,onthenortbside.<br />
<strong>The</strong>impost islinclyexecuted, and the modillioll5 are dccor.lt.ed with various&affits,inwhichare<br />
disa.'lllibleeagles.fish,arnlrnen: itisevidentlyrcmovedfrom110meothcredifioe.<br />
<strong>The</strong>archi,·olts:arerudc!yworked,u.nd<strong>of</strong> Const:lfltioo'sp.:riod.
OF HIE ARCH OF CO~e"·ho!elcngth<strong>of</strong>theatlic,andare,fromthcirbold•tyle<br />
<strong>of</strong>relid,we!lc:oleul:nedfO'I'thatsitu;>tion,,.·hicllis"-videntfromtfloo.;,nowremaininginthceneothcrtwoarepbced undcrtheoemrulopcning; the<br />
onemarlredA,onlhcca$tsidc.su.rmountcd bythcinseription, FUNOATORI QUJETIS; the one<br />
marked 8, on the west side, under the inscription, LIBERATOR! URBIS. T l>e .,.bjeet is the<br />
ddc;atolDeceJ.Wus. King<strong>of</strong>thcOacians,onthebanksoltheO:u!ube,annoDorniniros,whonot<br />
being able to with$tand the EmperorT~jan by open fon:c. had nxourse to W"ILS builtin hisownfOOllll,toJ'CI'PC'uatc thcmcmory<strong>of</strong> his<br />
COI1(jlle$U;; and the people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rome</strong> m:odeprepar.~.tionstort:laintheRomansandPanhi:>ns,heasccndcdahighthrone,and
PLATE XXXIX.<br />
l' llF.!llt medallions M"e each in one block <strong>of</strong> marble. eight feet in diameter. A. repn:sents TRt\jAN<br />
going to, and C in. the chase. B. the &arne Empei'Ot' s.1crificing to Apollo; and 0, to Diana.. E, is<br />
theme.:lalliononth.eeastend,anda]>pearlltobe<strong>of</strong> the 1w:riod <strong>of</strong> Constantine, and to be a srrnbolic:ol<br />
rt:i>rt:5enlation<strong>of</strong>themoming<br />
PLATE XL.<br />
\,Rr.PRf.l>EJ
OF TI-lE PANTHEO N, ROME.<br />
PLATE XLI.<br />
Trns superb edifice is situated in thC'Ympoa Manius: itnowlo.o:s much <strong>of</strong> its imposingrffectfrom<br />
beingi!ICilmberedbythellous.es<strong>of</strong>modcmsu..ets,whichl"""'da:oetoits~:lndin•frontby<br />
ao;ommonmarkec·pbtt,keptcontinWLilyin:afilthystate,andcroordcdbythelowerd.ules.as•·ctlas<br />
fromtheaccwnulation<strong>of</strong>thcgroundthathasburicdnearlyallthesu:pswhic:hledtoitllm:lgnifi.otnt<br />
portieo,ju$tlyC'On$ideredthe~~<strong>of</strong>art. <strong>The</strong>inscriptiononthefrieze.<br />
:ocqu;Unu;usth:>ltheportico,atle:ast,<strong>of</strong> lhi!I T emplcwasenxtedbyhim. <strong>The</strong> opinions <strong>of</strong> antiqu.~ ri es<br />
bcingvariousaatowhatportion<strong>of</strong>thcedif~ee isatlributabletoAgrippa.we slull prooeed to examine<br />
intoit5hi$tory,~.andvoui0Ullchanga<br />
Among the artists who ha'~ considered this cdilic:e is the great Michad Angelo, who mentiOM<br />
th~difrerentepoeh:e;oneforthcponico,oneforthcintcrio r ordernnd n rmngemcnt,andanothcrfor<br />
the superior or attic. s~..-lio. l'alladio, Dc~cu, Fontan.~. Milizia, the Ab~ Uggcri. and l'ir.mcsi.<br />
!lave produced mllnydesignsandstudies; lkmontioso, Lipsius, Lau.ari,and tho:whole<strong>of</strong>theLOJIO'<br />
grnphers <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rome</strong>, h;tve pn.>fusely spoken <strong>of</strong> iL. but none with more method or more clearness th;in<br />
Signor Hin:• ;uH], followinghismcthod,weshallbeablctouniteandarr.mgeRil then:~o:ction swhich<br />
~)!~:.:::to give a proper ide.a <strong>of</strong> the subject, and at the same time reconcile the v.~ri0111 opinions <strong>of</strong><br />
lnthelimpbc:r.ititrocc:euarytoc»nsidetwbowasthebuilder<strong>of</strong>thePantheon: andform.1ny<br />
~swe•ttn'bu tei Lt oAgrippa. Ro~.aa:(lrdingtoPlin}·,Pluan:h,Str:Wo.&c.,hadnootedifia:s<strong>of</strong><br />
..,ch~licenceandworlcm:uu.hipbcforethetime<strong>of</strong>Sylla:i tisceru.inthereweremanybuildings<br />
befon:th:attime,but.acconling Loseveral:KCUraU:wriu:rs,the.Temple<strong>of</strong> Fortun:aPrene&tiruo,ILIKlth:o.t<br />
<strong>of</strong> Jupitt'r'C:apilolious.were.the firstU:mples th:o.twereparticularlydistioguished. forlhe.ircleganceand<br />
for their ornarnenu:. At thU time ,..., might mention other admirable: structures from hi:swy. ,.·here<br />
theyarealludcdtoandd...aibed:butthePanthcon,whichisuoiqueandpeculi,.,.iniu:construction,is<br />
nootmc.'tltioned hyanyonebeforethetime<strong>of</strong>t\grippa.althoughtbeyhavedescribedotbubuildiii}:S<strong>of</strong><br />
inferiorm>.gniftc:Cnee.<br />
l'hese. ~rvationJ are stn:ngthened by Vim.tvius.t who writes an aecount <strong>of</strong> the various •wits<br />
exeeuteduptnthefirst}'G1'110fAugw;tus.anddoe'lnotmentionthel'antheon,oranyvault <strong>of</strong> asimibr<br />
kind,whieh,h;odito;:xistedatthetimc,hewoold not have f:Ulctl toptaiseanddesc:ribe: ;uH]furtherby<br />
l'liny.•·ho, in his mention <strong>of</strong> the edifioe.t hints at the novelty <strong>of</strong> the form <strong>of</strong> i~ vault. Plin}' also<br />
A)'S,fthatthePantlleonwas builtbyAgrippa,and dedicated toJupitertheA,·en~r: all <strong>of</strong> which<br />
&ef'Vestoprovethatthewhole<strong>of</strong>theedificewasen:ctedbyhim. From:apassa~<strong>of</strong>Dionaeontrary<br />
a'l:"rnentisdrawn bysome. forhcsa)'SII Agripp:t renninated thcl'antheoo: but by this he does not<br />
deny that he (Ommcno:
placed inthcexterior<strong>of</strong>thecdificc.inolltu~<br />
WOllld:LC«;,afurekg<strong>of</strong>ahorsc,andJ>artOfthcwhcd<strong>of</strong>amtulch:uiot.<br />
whioliiUm. \\.eabolcam from Pliny.~<br />
that this Temple was ornamented with statues, the work <strong>of</strong> Diogcnes the Athenian, which he pr.U..cd,<br />
althoughfromtheirheighttheywcrenotsufficientiytii~rniblc. <strong>The</strong>sestatuesan:supposcd by some<br />
tohavebecnplacedontheacrotcrn::<strong>of</strong>thepo:diment,arnlwouldhaveconsidcr.tblyimprovedthccffcct<br />
<strong>of</strong>theportico-althoughtheywere notprobaLiydesiW~etlforthissituation,itnotbcingcu=ryto<br />
1'13cccaf)"atidcsonpcdiments. T hcinscriptiononthefriezewasfdledwithlcttcr.~also<strong>of</strong> bronze; and<br />
weseeanotherinscription,insmallerlettcrs,onthetwoupperfaces<strong>of</strong>thearchitrnve;<br />
whichdescribesthatScptimiusSc:verusand Marcust\un:liuscaused theedificctobcrcpain:d: but no<br />
altcrntionsinitsexteriorappear:mribut:tblctothem<br />
<strong>The</strong>campanil.,,whicbarconthem3.!1Sbchind the portico, and disfigure the building, were erected<br />
byBernini,underPopeUrbanVIII,whocutawaytheccntralpart<strong>of</strong>thccomice<strong>of</strong>theupper<br />
pediment. and that part <strong>of</strong> lhe wail, in onkrto fonn proj~-ction1 to n:o:ive hi~ to•crs.•• Entering the<br />
portiw,we lind it divided intothrtt naves,theru.L.tingolthrec:intcroolumniacions,and<br />
terminated bythegr.uul door·"ar: thesidcone~~cach<strong>of</strong>twointcrcolumniations,tcrminated by niches,<br />
inone<strong>of</strong>whichwasJI!:u:cdthcM:ltuc<strong>of</strong>Au~tus.andintheotherthottufAgrippa:t+ Com:sponding<br />
,.·iththcintemalcolumns,arepbcalpilastcrs in,.hitc marbk>,lluted, and the walls between them are<br />
urn:unemed'ltithbasre!iefs.rq.resentingf.,.,toonsllithe~ndelabra:,&:leudOC..Iapici,acc~.patc:r.J:,litui,<br />
capcduncul:r, Mpergilli, and oth"r II:I.Cft.-d urcn~~"- all <strong>of</strong> which sc:n·e to pnl\'e that the: Pantheon was<br />
reallyatcmvlc: thcsc5at~~eom:una•barcsc:cn also bct"·ccn the pi~n <strong>of</strong>theutcrior. <strong>The</strong> tfutt<br />
n:l\'c53ppcu'toha\'Cbecncoveredwithbronzc;thcccntrnldivi:.ionprob;ILiy"·..s•-aultOO,to~pond<br />
wilhthearch<strong>of</strong> ma!OIIryoverthcentrano:c; thesi
OF THE rANTHEON. AT ROME<br />
li:mnlhefOIIreolurnns<strong>of</strong>c.bec:onfessional<strong>of</strong>SaintPeler's,intbcVatican;aswellasiOmCcanoon,onc:<br />
~ t7!i:l!:in~~~is ~~::~~an:c17~on~;~t;~:. ;,:one:.":.::~t;~::<br />
manean..,..~lylift; another in the museum <strong>of</strong> !.he King <strong>of</strong> Prussia; and one in tbcCas.~ Stroui,<br />
~~~:~o!·~~~~:!i~ 3 :~ ~~~e~~;~ ~::ndE!;~~ ~·~i~~w;i~~~ru9:;;::. ~n~~ w!:~~<br />
We now ~orne to 11 desaiption <strong>of</strong> lhc ecll <strong>of</strong> the Temple, c.bc wal!~ <strong>of</strong> wbicllare above twenty feet<br />
inthicknCP,andbuilt<strong>of</strong>cJntsiM~r/um,strenglhcncdcvcryc.brcefcetinhcightwithalayer<strong>of</strong> tila,thc<br />
.,.ocight over e~ch opening being diseh:lrgcl by arclles fonrn..-d also <strong>of</strong> tilea; c.bc dome is COfl.!llruct~~~ in a<br />
similarmanne r,dimini~hingbydcg~tothcthicl:ncss<strong>of</strong>fivcfeetatthetop,.,.·ithanopcning<strong>of</strong>thirty<br />
feet in di:r.mcter. <strong>The</strong> outside 1\Q been CO\'Cred wilh stucco, and probably w:u 01'1\aM>Cntcd by two<br />
IOlll{:CSOfpil~~>ters.asrcpresentedbyPall;w:lio;but<strong>of</strong>thcscc.bcrearenownon:ma.ins.<br />
bct"'~:ec.b~~~:; ~~e t~;,:onieo does not unite with the body <strong>of</strong> the building, and there it a •pace<br />
Th eentr:oncetothe TCJJ~pleisthroughagrarKidoor·.,..y.lhirty-ninef~hit:hand nint:ICCnfcct<br />
wideintheclearbo:twec:nc.bean:hitr.avo:s.W"hicharc<strong>of</strong>marbleinlllllid blocks: c.biS.l]llll:l:'ilfillcdupby<br />
mctalfoklingdoon.wic.bpi~tefllandfriue,o\·erwhichthelightisadmittcdthroughmo:talpc:rfor:at
OF THE I'ANTHEON. AT ROME<br />
colours: ~nd in their ccntn::s are eight :oll:lt!l, on peoksWs, with angub.r and circubr pediments<br />
ah.c:matdy. Thctwooolumnsonthe sideolthegmnd altuOJl1l'OIIIiteth.,entrance~projecting,and<br />
their fluting differs from the others. Tt>c: i'ikastcrs round th.e nicbc:s are<strong>of</strong>,.diffcrentmarble.called<br />
~:·:~~~;~~~~~::~v~!~1~~=·:~~~~7:S:~~~r: t~~~~~~il~~~=<br />
the ~mains <strong>of</strong> the ancient marbles, in the fonn represented in l'late XLI I. T he circles are <strong>of</strong><br />
porphyry and gr:anitealtemately,each in one pi~-ce: the band:! arcoomposcd <strong>of</strong> _v:.rious marbles. Under<br />
theporticolhegreaterpa.rt<strong>of</strong>thepavc:mcntisdestroyed,andrepairedwithhnck.<br />
J"hewholeisinundatcdgenerally,inlhccourse<strong>of</strong>theyear,durinl:"thcfloodstowhichtheTibcris<br />
~:~; ~~~.,':~n! ~ ~=~Yu= :~ :~~~=:~=~~~~ n;:;~, :u ~= e':~~~~w~~~~:k~<br />
infromone<strong>of</strong>thc.sidech.apclsis,asitwere.m."lg'ieal<br />
Somewalls,bclongingiOtheB.aths<strong>of</strong>Agri]lp."l,areattachcdtotl•eoui.Side<strong>of</strong>thcccll,andnowfonn<br />
lhe &OK:rist}·: but as there is no origin~ oommunication from these to tl•c Temple. it is not prob;.!.ble that<br />
itfonncd anypan<strong>of</strong>theBaths,as50f1leha•·esupposo:d.<br />
Ocmcnt I X. enclosed the portico with the cumbrous iron railing between the eolwnns sb
Tbcponico is()(b..~l)'le,<br />
bcingone hundn:d and ten fc.:t in extenl, 10 theouaidc <strong>of</strong> tho51ullli<strong>of</strong><br />
thellngUIl<br />
whiehtheponiooisplaa:d;andrisc:sinfrontt<strong>of</strong>onnapediment,tbeoentralpa.n.<strong>of</strong>•-hichw;wc:ut<br />
a.,.,.y,andthewallrcc:cuc:d.tOformb~sunder thetwotowcrlcroc:tcdbylkmini,whichare<br />
purposely omitted in theelevation.~thcywouldconceal thedon>e: theupl'eroomi~abocontinu,~<br />
roundtheprojeo:tionaboveit. <strong>The</strong>waUwhichrilaasa plinth tothedomc,n:croc.tcnfcetfromthe<br />
face<strong>of</strong>thcmainwall. <strong>The</strong> dome is funhcr strengthened by six other d~'g'l'CCI. now unequal in fii~;<br />
and above them it nssurn~ its globubr form. T he whole is now covered with lead, except the rim to<br />
~:r:::;;;;n the •ummit; it is surrounded by plates <strong>of</strong> bronze. with which the whole is said tO have<br />
T heelev:~tion<strong>of</strong> theportiooi~dC$Cl'ibed i n l'blC XLIV<br />
lnthesectionarclhownthepil:.stcrs.whicharcattachedtothcprojectionbc:hindtheportico.<br />
<strong>The</strong>yhavOUld1<br />
Thcdoorw'.tyis"""'!particuLulyrcpresentedinPLlteXLIX.<br />
PLATE XLIV.
OF THE I'ANT!llm!\. AT KOME<br />
Thclowcrdi:unetcrbeingon :ut avcngcfourfeo..'tck:vcninchCII,and theuppc:roncfourfectthree<br />
inchdlivetcnth.!,c;ausesthcdiminutiontoucordalsowiththetulcsoiVitruviu!l.•<br />
<strong>The</strong>cnt.uisorswelling<strong>of</strong>thesh:Ut<strong>of</strong> theseoolumnsisvcryperoeptible; but, from the dc:c:ay <strong>of</strong><br />
some,andcncumb~ncesanachedtnothcn,isdiflicuhtnbcaceurotdy~rt:ained.<br />
<strong>The</strong>. capital isaliulcmorcinheightthanthelo.reTV IIl ,whichmayacc:o~~ntforthe
OF THE PANTt-lEON AT ROMF<br />
PLATE XLVI.<br />
DETAILS OF THE ENTABLATURE, liASES, &c. OF T I-lE I'OR TICO .<br />
• ~ ......... _ .. proponloDed,lhal,iloeJodmell>t>IK,,a lho •oh" .. •t>ri•~<br />
~:::"~'~":';..--:.:.:.~~~-=~"::~=~-=-~.:·.:~-~·~::.:~1
OF TilE I'A:O:THEON. AT ROME<br />
is less.<br />
"TI>orcm;~inde r,whcn thethickne>i$<strong>of</strong>the:lb;acusisck•ducted,isdividcdintothrcep:uu;<strong>of</strong><br />
whichoncisgivcntothelowerleaves; thcS«
angl:: :~:~~e,~=~:'!c:'~~he7.,;::: through over the duor·way Ql1!11c inside•<br />
T~an:hitnavcn)Und<br />
thi,doorwaylll<strong>of</strong>whitcm:~. rble,as"·elluthefrien:andromioeoverthe<br />
~if~~1~~:.~::~~~.. ~:::::::~ ~t }~2=~~:!.~~::;::~~:...~:~~0::~::<br />
~~~~~~~~~~;,~~~~i~~~t£1fg§:g:;:x~:;~~0,:;<br />
but ,f,~ ~~.~~~~~ .. ~~ ~v;~l:n~ d= 11 a~e t:~v; =:.:;·~i::fi;'; ;~~h~ ~~~~~. ~:c~:: ~:, :;~:~<br />
::;:'7h:e~~c:::.•ti~ ~a l :u~~::;:;U~k~~ ins;:;';; ~ ~~:s ~.::;~::::~o{l~~~:~",~<br />
~ity<strong>of</strong>dimin~hing it-• width :o.t the top, which isal!Klac:a>rding w hi~ rule. <strong>The</strong> an tc~ents. or<br />
pmbs. a~ leu than he pr~ibes. T lu: mouldings an.! enriduncnts <strong>of</strong> these jambs and o{ the oorn~<br />
~ on his 1.nncipl~ g.ngement-<br />
Tbcn: =-~ no"anoonsor proth)Tidcs'' {trusses) in thiscnmple.
OF TI-l E PANTHEON, AT ROME<br />
PLAT E L.<br />
ON E OF THE BAS-RELIEF S IN T il E !'A NELS AT T H E SIDES OF THE<br />
T !IKSEpanelsa~eachinonesl:~b<strong>of</strong> marble,si1f f
OF THE PANTHEON, AT ROME<br />
~Lu~:~i~!i:~;:,n~:t 1 ed~:e ~:~u~y~~~iq~::~ :.~~;r;:;~::m:~'\~ "!<br />
t~~~§~iiE1~~F~~s~;.~~~~~:~~.~~2~~~<br />
<strong>The</strong> n~Kt solid or ":"11 with pilaster.;, and the small temple with ~ cin:ubr pediment, is ne:.rly 1imilar<br />
:~~~~~~;~:;:S~~~~h:x;:~~~~~~~~; C:~~:: ~::! ~~h~r~~~~~w~lg:n~~-~~::~:~~<br />
We next «>me toone <strong>of</strong> thcl.:!.rge cin:ular rccesscs.whithis .. domedwith column~ and pilasters<br />
<strong>of</strong> p.woMUdto, which might h:wc bc
OF THE I'ANTHEON AT ROM£<br />
PLAT E LIII.<br />
To the right is represented half the interior<strong>of</strong>thcentrancedoor-way;:md tothc:l
OF THE PANTHEON, AT ROME.<br />
PLATE LV.<br />
I'I ER NEXT THE ENTRANCE, \VIT I! THE LITTLE 1\ I..TAR: I'ART OF TI-lt<br />
ADJO INI NG RECESS : AND ATTIC OV ER THE WHOLE<br />
Tms includes the decomtioo <strong>of</strong> the whole height <strong>of</strong> a portion <strong>of</strong> the interior wall$, from the s~
TEMPLE OF ANTONJNUS AND FAUSTI NA.<br />
IN ITS PRESENT STATE<br />
PLATE LVII.<br />
Os the 5:)(:.-ed W:a)'· in or near to the Forum Ronu.num, is the Temple r.tUed by the Scn:!.le to<br />
Antoninus.andF:mstin:ahis.,.ifc,ru.theimtriptiononlhcan:hitraveimporu.<br />
<strong>The</strong> portico«>nsists <strong>of</strong> ten colum~. six <strong>of</strong> which form the front o( the Temple. <strong>The</strong> .shafts <strong>of</strong><br />
tbcsecolumnsare<strong>of</strong>cippolinomarble,each in011epiec:e.fourfc:et ten inches three tenths indi:unetcr.<br />
:mdthirt)··dght fcetthrceinc~onctcnthinhcighL Thismarblcissuppoeed•toh:avc~nbrought<br />
front Ca1)5b.onc<strong>of</strong> the C)·clade~~ Island., in thcA~gean Sa.: and alluded to byStatius.t ··~on to:.<br />
aaxosa.Caryste;" and also by Lucan.:•·Qulm.arisangu~tat faucc:ssaxos:;~ C:ar)~tos." <strong>The</strong> green veins,<br />
orl:lycrs.<strong>of</strong>whichitisromposed,an:jusllycompared,bythcformcrpoc:t,t.othew;~vcs<strong>of</strong>thcsea,MEt<br />
Chios,ctg
01' TilE TEMPLE OF ANT ON I NUS AND FAUSTINA.<br />
PLATE LVIII.<br />
lstllisl'bn,theanciemparu:~rqJ«Sentcdbyadarkcrtiut:the"''H"<strong>of</strong>tllecdlwhichrcmainarc<br />
uncqualintl>cirlcn~o.cns, and dedic:ated to Mi""""' Polias; alw one at Sunium. dedicated to l'allu:<br />
anotherin<strong>Rome</strong>,toCa.met. <strong>The</strong> first only o( thesoe temples r=Wns.<br />
lnthecxca...,tiontsome l'ieccs<strong>of</strong>themarblestcps"'·o:rcdi$covercd,thchcight<strong>of</strong>whichw..,nine<br />
ine~ and a qu.>.ner. T he "'hole height, from lhc lc~-cl <strong>of</strong> the Sacr~:d Way to the pa11Cment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
JII'OMC». being sixtc<strong>of</strong>fi feet four im:hcs live tenths, gi~'C!I the number <strong>of</strong> twcnry-one stepa f...- the<br />
~pprooch rothi• Temple, which is confirmed by the space, and further by the aituati.,n <strong>of</strong> two, clearly<br />
tlisc:o:milole in the !ICC!ion U, Plate LIX. <strong>The</strong> une1lCn number <strong>of</strong> stq,. ia confornu.ble tO the prec:epta<br />
<strong>of</strong>Vitrnvius.fwllomakesthcmso.thatthoscwhoasa:nd marplaccthcriglnfootonlhcfil'$11iiCJ).:Uid<br />
b.ntlwilhlheoameonthepronaos.<br />
PLATE LIX.
OF THE TEMPLE OF ANTON INUS AND FAUSTINA<br />
lhecentrt-,atthep:wement.touchinglhe;mgles<strong>of</strong>thecomice; which abo makesthewt.olehcight<strong>of</strong><br />
thcportiweqll
OF T ilE TE~tPLE<br />
OF ANT ON INUS AND FAUSTI NA.<br />
:~~~~:~:~~=ptin the~<strong>of</strong>tho:ltaves.thestalks<strong>of</strong>whicb,in thi~ instance, are<br />
<strong>The</strong>an:hitrav.:lisin hcl~htveryne:uiyone<strong>of</strong>clev(:n p:lfU,and a h:alf<strong>of</strong>the •haft <strong>of</strong> the column<br />
~=~a~ .. ~~:~~~-~~ i;:e: ·~~u::':::l~:~;~:~n~ ~.::~~~n; :~o~~:'!:!acea,<br />
<strong>The</strong> frieze, with its cym.~tium, is nearly a quarter more than the arehitravo:in ltcight, whio:h accords<br />
withhiJrole•forfriczcsomamentedwithsculprurc.<br />
Thctorniceisverypccul~r.anddiffersfromlll05tother R omanexam]>lcs<strong>of</strong>thcCorinthianordcr,<br />
tho:dentilsandrnodillionsbcingornitted. lt,howevcr.h.asanadmirablcclfcdcntil band<br />
andthesimaappeartooimall in proportion to theotho:rmembc::,.: the bold projection <strong>of</strong> the corona<br />
~::.:e:: :~~h~=; the s<strong>of</strong>fit i' lighrencd, as rcpres.:nted at ll <strong>The</strong> top <strong>of</strong> the cornice takes the<br />
A lltheplan<strong>of</strong>tho:s<strong>of</strong>fit<strong>of</strong>the architrave, bctwcen tl>ccolumnsand section <strong>of</strong> the mouldin!P<br />
Thcorrwnentisint.em~ptedbythc roscinthecentTc<strong>of</strong>thcabacus.<br />
PLATE LXII.<br />
TilE CORNICE AND FR I EZE, T O A LARGER SCALE<br />
Os the frieze are represented two varieties <strong>of</strong> ornament, which are 1>bced altcm3tely betoreen the<br />
griliins,alongthefbnk<strong>of</strong>theTemplc;the)•areint..as.o-rclievo,andthegriffinsinmeuo-rclicvoct.b ..<br />
btt.erbv.:lonekgratingon thefoot<strong>of</strong>thc ,..,.,,,.·hich is e>:tended to an unnatunr.l length com<br />
p:ar.>tivcly ... iththeother. <strong>The</strong>yaresymholicguan:IW.S,orprotecto,.,ufthcoblationseupposed Ill bc::<br />
c:untainedinthe,-asa,.,·hichh:!vebeenolfendtot.bcdcity<strong>of</strong>thcTemple. Th.ccandeb.btzarlln:lativelyoncwiththeother.
PART II.<br />
OF THE TEMPLE OF VESTA. TIVOLI.<br />
PLATE LXIII.<br />
VIEW OF TIVOLI, FROM A COURT-YARD I N THE T OWN<br />
T1111 town <strong>of</strong> Ti\ooli is about eighteen mila distant from <strong>Rome</strong>, in a aituation .an:dy to be surpassed<br />
forpietu~uellltner)•,whichisgn::ad)·assistedbytheruins<strong>of</strong>twoancitnt T ~plct.•tu;~.tedtothe<br />
nonh<strong>of</strong>tbttown; lhconeisaperipter.dTemple.<strong>of</strong>bcautifulproportions,andvo:rypec~~IWworkmanshipandom:unent:<br />
iti ssufficic:n tlypn::servedtoclucidatem;~.ny<strong>of</strong>lhcruladescribedbyVitruvius<br />
toh;avebeen u5«1 bytheanc;.,n!3inthec:onstrw:tion<strong>of</strong>cin:ular temples,and~ncnll)•tupposedto<br />
~veboen dedicated to the goddess Vesta. <strong>The</strong>olheristoo much dilapidated tobeusd'ul to the<br />
an:hitectural"'"knt; ithasbeenatetra.style,prostyleTw.p\e, <strong>of</strong> the lonicorery,showthatthedirn:ueandlituation;unply<br />
C:Ornpenslteforsuchdeprivations,artdiiKiua:bothnat i ~andvisitontolivechieAyout<strong>of</strong>doon.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Anio, now e:r.Jicd the T everone, which h~ iu sour
OF THE TEMPLE OF VESTA, AT TIVOLI<br />
rightareafew<strong>of</strong>themodemhouses<strong>of</strong>thetown,andtotbelefttheinnis~nscen: )'OU~esoendat<br />
the side <strong>of</strong>lhted for thcir size and fine flavour. In the<br />
:::~:~~:~dl;:~:r;i~ P~~~:~:ws: but it;, hO]I(rl that those now ~ven will<br />
PLATE LXV<br />
VIEW OF THE PERlPTERAL TEMI'LE, FROM THE CHURCH OPPOSITE<br />
TmsView exhibits. from a closer point and more clear!)', the architecture <strong>of</strong> the Temple, and ics<br />
&ituationattheedgeolap1Uipioe<strong>of</strong>greatheight: a.Wiaii~X~"onlyoiwhichcomesinthepicture.<br />
<strong>The</strong> angle is <strong>of</strong>andcnt c:onstruetion, <strong>of</strong> the kind called ~opus inccrtum," and the foundation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Templeisformcdonarchesnowenclosedbythemodcmw:.Ilwithbutlrc$$oCSandwindows.<br />
<strong>The</strong> c:eU <strong>of</strong> the Temple is also <strong>of</strong> ~opus ineertum," more carefully executed; the "ylobate, the<br />
columns, and entablature, doorw::t.yand "'indow jambs, nre <strong>of</strong> the alone <strong>of</strong> therock,c:alled travenine;<br />
and the whole ha..l>eencovercdbynverythincoot<strong>of</strong>thcfinC£tstuoco,wh.ich,wh~itremains,<br />
sonearlyrescmble:sm:u-ble,astocausemanytoiiTI:Igineittobeso<br />
<strong>The</strong>mouldingsandornaments<strong>of</strong>thisTcmpleh:tvemanypeculi.o.ritics,wh.ichwillben:presented in<br />
thegc:omctricaldra"·ings. BehindisthcTcmple<strong>of</strong>theSibyl,nowconvcned into a church; tl•etower<br />
or campanileonly<strong>of</strong>whichis!leCn<br />
We h:tvebutlittleassistancefrom theancicntwriters,orfrom theedificei~tt:lf,toguideusin<br />
endc:
OF THE T EMPLE OF VESTA. ,\T T IVO LI<br />
PLATE LXVI.<br />
Tnt otigin:ll destination <strong>of</strong> this T emple is not s:~ti~factority dctern~ioed by any <strong>of</strong> the numcrous<br />
antiquaries who h:lve treated on the subjecL Plumrch, in hi~ life <strong>of</strong> Num~ l'o'l'pilius, states thM a<br />
round fonn should begiventotheTemple<strong>of</strong> Vesta, as it is expressi•-e <strong>of</strong> the figure <strong>of</strong> the universe~<br />
anditap~moreproiWllethatthebui l dingvoeareoowdescribingwas
OF THE TEMPLE OF VESTA, AT TIVOLI<br />
thecdl Tllcrolumnsappeartohavehadtheirinner f;wuperpendiculM,UprescribedbyVitruvius;•<br />
butlhcirinclin;ltionisnowvarious,fromtheruinousstatc<strong>of</strong> theTemJ>le.<br />
<strong>The</strong>hcight<strong>of</strong>the(:Omice<strong>of</strong>lhcdoorag~withlherulc<strong>of</strong>Vitruvius fordoor-ways, tbutthe<br />
opening does not. <strong>The</strong> width is ncarly::u:ronling to his pn:eepts; thediminution<strong>of</strong>lhcopening,and<br />
<strong>of</strong>thcan:hitr.we:s,abonearlyaccord<br />
PLATE LXV II I.<br />
TRANSVERSE ELEVATION OF THE TEMPLE, RESTORED.<br />
Tntstylobatconwhichthecolumnsare plao:d, is very nearly a lhird <strong>of</strong> their height, including the<br />
o;:apital and base, as pre:sc:ribcd byVitruvius.f <strong>The</strong> column is thcheight<strong>of</strong>thecleardiamctcr<strong>of</strong>thc<br />
cell. Thccnb.blatureisvcrylight, being between a fifth and &iJCth part<strong>of</strong> thehcight<strong>of</strong> the column.<br />
Thcro<strong>of</strong>,fromthetop<strong>of</strong>lheeomioe,isrestoredfromab:un:liefinlhemu5eum<strong>of</strong> Florence, and from<br />
u.istingmedals<strong>of</strong>roundtemples.one<strong>of</strong>"·hic:hisrepresentedonthisPiate:itis<strong>of</strong>lhetime<strong>of</strong><br />
Augustus,andhaslheeelJ,,.·ithiudoor,clearlyshown;thero<strong>of</strong>crtendscwerlhecolumns,:asisthc<br />
ClSCinallcoins,andrisesc:onica!lytoano..·erinthecentre.havingantifissz,oromamentalules<br />
onlheedgeolthccomice. As the various commentators h.3vedisagreed onthiopassage<strong>of</strong> Vitruvius<br />
:;:;;;;:;::;;:adoptingthcevidena:oCmedals.withwhichitwillbefoondlhatthc intc.-pretation<br />
<strong>The</strong> w~l <strong>of</strong>theeell w:u covered wilh co:omcnt,and probably rusticated, similarly to that <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Templc<strong>of</strong> Vesta,at<strong>Rome</strong>.<br />
PLATE LX IX.<br />
A. TnE mouldings <strong>of</strong> lhe stylobate. <strong>The</strong>y arc worked in tmvertine stone;the rest <strong>of</strong> the<br />
substruetion islhe"opusincenum.~<br />
U. <strong>The</strong> b;tscs<strong>of</strong> the columns, which are without plinlhs, and consequently less than the height<br />
prd;erilx:dbyVitruvius;and lhetcm•ination<strong>of</strong> the nutcs.<strong>of</strong>whic:h there are butt"•emy,bothatthe<br />
top, or summo scapo; ;md bottom, or imo scapo, <strong>of</strong> the shaft: arc both very uncommon. <strong>The</strong> shafts <strong>of</strong><br />
thecolumns•-aryfromsi:~:totcnblodc s intheir height. <strong>The</strong>ir diminutionisncarlyonc-scventh <strong>of</strong> the<br />
lowerdiameter,accordingtohisrule<br />
C. <strong>The</strong> capital is in heightverynearlycqualto!helower diameter <strong>of</strong> the column, as ordered by<br />
Vitruvius. <strong>The</strong> c:haraeter<strong>of</strong> the leavesandvolut.es i5\·el"}·peculiar, <strong>The</strong> nO\\-ers in lhe centre are<br />
considcrablymorethan!hedcpth<strong>of</strong>the~;lheyarevariousinthdrde:signs1eachaltemate<br />
c:enualflowcrlx:ingspiral<br />
D. Sec:tionthroo.aghlheenubbtureand lacunariz. <strong>The</strong>a.rclli~veand friezean:intwobl.-..::U<strong>of</strong><br />
traven.inestoneinhcight;lhejoint being rathcrabovethetop<strong>of</strong>the former. <strong>The</strong>comic:eis in one<br />
pieoe in height, and cut """yatthe bac:ktoreoei\"C the bloeb<strong>of</strong> the: bcunaria::,which are •-ariousin<br />
thcir thickness. <strong>The</strong> ornament <strong>of</strong> the frieze i! represented in Pbte LXX. <strong>The</strong> mouldings o( the<br />
a.rclli~veandcomiceareplain.<br />
E. Plan<strong>of</strong>thebcunari;~~:undcrthcir teetion. <strong>The</strong>di.-isionl bet•·eenthc: COffer$ <strong>of</strong>thclacuna.riae<br />
are fonncd by a groove. T he nowen vary in the minute paru <strong>of</strong>thcirdesign, but ha•·e !he s:une<br />
generalappearance;thcditfererw:enotlx:ingdistinguishablewithoutaverycloteinspcction.<br />
F. <strong>The</strong>pbn<strong>of</strong>thccapital<br />
PLATE LXX.<br />
THE CAPITAL AND FRI EZE. ONE QUARTER THE ACT UA L S IZE.<br />
Tn1 drawing i.s made to represent !he acrual effect <strong>of</strong> the omamentinthisbcautifulspecimcn<strong>of</strong>the<br />
Corinlhianorder,andhasnotth.3tdelic.1cyiniuuecution which is seen in other examples represented
OF TilE TEMI'LE 0 1' VESTA. TIVOLI.<br />
~~~i~~~y:~ .. ~::t:'g:~c;;·~t~~~ne T~:;;~~ :~rlcth:il~~~~~~:t: :!n::c:n:~~:;<br />
fncze, which repre5ents the heads <strong>of</strong> oxen s;~criliN to the deity that was wonohi11Jltd in t.ll.eTcmplc<br />
VVTO • mcn t iona,tlutilwasetllltomarytoornarncntthcvieti~n~~with fcstoonlinthisway.<br />
PLATE LXX I<br />
DETAILS OF THE DOO R AND WINDOWS<br />
A. TnEan:hitravc,frit.:zc,and cornice <strong>of</strong> the door-Wily, showing the: poeition and enlargement <strong>of</strong><br />
thcan:hitrnvcatbottom; withthcirdimcmions: thcydonocfollowthcau·ve<strong>of</strong>thecell,bcings•rnighL<br />
ThcdoonappcM to ha\'c bcenvalvz,or foldingd0Dr1;: the holes in which the pii'OUwcrc interted<br />
~ininthc.>l l,withindic;~tions<strong>of</strong>lhcaetiono(theboltsinthcopcningandcloaing<strong>of</strong>thedC>Or$.<br />
B. Tht:.eetion<strong>of</strong>thcan:hitr:l.\-e,onc:quarter itsao:tualsize.<br />
<strong>The</strong> moulding has an elegant and e:LS)' cunmun, ,.-hich ~"ries in diKcn:nt paru, :u the ~nishing <strong>of</strong><br />
itw:ufonnedintht:srucco. Thcprojertion<strong>of</strong>thebt.2datthclootispcculi:l.r.<br />
C.Eicv;ation<strong>of</strong>thewindowontheencrior.ltisrcmarkable,thatt.hc.Oil<strong>of</strong>thcwindowonthe<br />
outsidefollowsthccun-c<strong>of</strong>thecdl;butthcoomio:andhorizontalarc:hitr.r.vcarelll'aighL<br />
D. Section<strong>of</strong>thcabovemouldings.<br />
E. <strong>The</strong>c:xtcrioran:hitr;>ve,onequattertheactualsizc.<br />
F.Pbn<strong>of</strong>thcwindow,showingtheexleriorandinlerior an:hitr:n"CS,and then:d..ction<strong>of</strong>the<br />
aper~ureontheinsido:.<br />
G. Elaoation<strong>of</strong>theintcrior<strong>of</strong> thcwindow. Allthe$Cmouldingsfollowthecurve<strong>of</strong>theo:ll<br />
H.Section<strong>of</strong>the~amemouldings.<br />
I. S«tion<strong>of</strong>thcan:hitrave,oncqua.rterthcactualsize.
OF THE TEMPLE OF ~ l ARS ULTOR: AT ROME.<br />
PLAT E LX X II .<br />
Tm~ Temple is suppo&ed to luvc been cn:«ed by Au;uSiua, on the (ICQ5ion <strong>of</strong> his going ~nst Brutus<br />
and Cassius. to revmge the death <strong>of</strong>C:o:sar. and DVffCOI!ling them at Ph;ars;ali;!., and to h:webecn<br />
dcm, and some <strong>of</strong> the bl
OF THE TEMI'LE OF MARS ULTIOR, AT ROME<br />
PLAT E LXXI I I.<br />
I'I.AN AND ELEVATION OF T H E PARTS OF TilE T EMPLE WIIICII RI~MAIN<br />
A. Is the p!an<strong>of</strong>thc]~>r1<strong>of</strong>thcwall<strong>of</strong>thcccll, which isldt,and th~<strong>of</strong>thccolumn~o f theHanl.:<br />
:~~h~:~~i~~~~~ Tf:~~~~~~~~:a1 :~"c!~l ~:'=~ bo:ing about a diamctl'f and half <strong>of</strong> the columns•,<br />
<strong>The</strong> columns ...-e <strong>of</strong> white marble, the pilaster the .same, and the ...,u <strong>of</strong> the~~~ is ca.sed with aimitu<br />
rn:~rblc.bondcdinto1hepcperine ma5Ciwhicharelcft.a.ismoredcarl)k'Ctl<br />
C. <strong>The</strong> section <strong>of</strong> the ambobcrum,from EtoF,ontbe plan, showing the pilastcrandwallatthe<br />
end. Thc003.ll<strong>of</strong>thcccllhasgroo..uatlhcjoints<strong>of</strong>themarblc. <strong>The</strong>groundlu..;m;umulatcdtothe<br />
lc,..,]<strong>of</strong>C,whic;h prevcntcdourtaJ.:ingthediamctu<strong>of</strong>tbecolumnt accurately: thc)-anencarly~xfect.<br />
<strong>The</strong>].llast.endiminish 10"-atd U..,ir upper-diameter, and, as well as the: columns,havcavcrygraa:ful<br />
entasis: thccourses<strong>of</strong>rn:~rblcintheeellrom.inuethroughthepilastcn.<br />
~-. ~~~~~~::1:,~"!/:! :;z;:.::e: the stylobate, to a larger ~Calc, witb its dimen,ions.<br />
PLATE LXXIV.<br />
A lsthe11bn <strong>of</strong>thcrolumn,andwall<strong>of</strong>thceell,which remain,withtbe ornaments<strong>of</strong>thes<strong>of</strong>f11<br />
:~:~E~-:~~:s~~~~~r:g~:~~ ~~::;:., ~:~~!~ :a~:r~~~~):~.~::w~~~p~~;;!~<br />
andaruwutothco:ntres<strong>of</strong>thccolumns,then::beingthrecblocksinth:lta~<br />
C. <strong>The</strong>acction<strong>of</strong>thclowupart<strong>of</strong>theambuW:runt.<br />
D. Tlw! l>ter part <strong>of</strong> u.., same. <strong>The</strong> pilaster diminishea in il.!l width at tile top, but<br />
is rat~~~ ~;.!==~::r,~::..u:an:_... blocks <strong>of</strong> tr.&vertincstOnc.<br />
PLATE LXX V.<br />
PLAN AND li:Lii:VATION OF THED~~~~;S~~i'F THE COLUMNS. WITII TtiEIR
OF THE TEMPLE OF MARS ULTOR. AT ROME<br />
PLATE LXXVI.<br />
FOLIAGE OF THE CAPITAL, ONE QUART ER TilE ACTUA L SIZE<br />
PLATE LXXVII.<br />
DETAILS OF TH E ORNAMENTS, ONE QUARTER THE ACTUAL SIZE.<br />
A. TnE upper moulding <strong>of</strong> the c<strong>of</strong>fers OVi:r the ambu!:u:rum. Sec E., l'bte LXXIV., f.,.. its<br />
B. <strong>The</strong> second moulding <strong>of</strong> the same. See F~ Plate LXXIV.<br />
C. <strong>The</strong> lower moulding round the same. See G., Plate LXXIV. This ornament continues all<br />
I'()Undthesquarc.<br />
D. <strong>The</strong>uppermoulding<strong>of</strong>thearchitr;~ve. See II., l'lato:LXXIV.<br />
E <strong>The</strong>rosesorflowersin the centre5<strong>of</strong> th~r<strong>of</strong>Ters. Tho:yarethr«< feet live inchesindi:uncter,<br />
and very boldly relieved.<br />
F.Acapitalfoundinthcconvcnt,audsu])[>OSCdtohavebclongedtoone<strong>of</strong>thepilasters<strong>of</strong>the<br />
interior <strong>of</strong> the Temple<br />
PLATE LXXV III.<br />
A TnE plan <strong>of</strong> the Temple: the paru which n::main <strong>of</strong> the Temple. and abo <strong>of</strong> the pcribolus<br />
"'f111.aren:pn::sentcdinadarkcrrinL<br />
<strong>The</strong> restor;~tion is formed from the plan given byLabaa:o.in whose time then:: may have been<br />
sufficient n::mains to enable him to measure the Temple, and give the dimension' as heh:udone. His<br />
measun::menuareCOI'TeCt,wheneonfrontcdwithJuehp:uu<strong>of</strong>theediliceasremain<br />
Palladioalsogi,·espl:uu;<strong>of</strong>thisTemple,lUidspe:ab<strong>of</strong>itasbcingtobcaeeninhisLime<br />
Th·e authorities. and which are coi'TObomtcdp:artlybythe parts<br />
!llillJtanding,willbcfoundpcripteml: theintercolumni3.tionispyroostyle<br />
l'alladio says, ''there :ore no appearances <strong>of</strong> tabernacles or om;~mcnts within the cell,~ but that there<br />
1no!»bly ..-·en: some. He, however, as well as Labaoeo, gi>~ the dmwings and dimensions <strong>of</strong> columns<br />
withbasesandnpitals<strong>of</strong>a>·crypeculiarnature,h:.vinghoncShloadsintroducedtosupporttheabacus,<br />
instead<strong>of</strong>>·olutcs:andaeapitoel<strong>of</strong>thegroundat l>resent.
TEMPLE OF JUPITER TONANS. AT ROME<br />
PLATE LXX IX.<br />
VIEW OF THE TEMI'LE, FROM THE NORTII·EAST<br />
Tn~ Temple is suppo6al to have been ueaed by Augustus, and dedic:.ced co Jupiter the ThundereT,<br />
~~~.!:'~~~udc for his e$C2pe from lightning, which killed his armour-be>.rer at tlis sw.k, while he escaped<br />
<strong>The</strong> V~w is Wen near the soullHo·est angle or lhc Ar~:h o1 Septimiu.~ Se~rus; it rc~nto the<br />
three osenkwhichtillthenburicdchccolumnsnearly<br />
uptothccapil:lb: as m:~ybe ~~~by Piranesi's•·ietrs<strong>of</strong> thcTempk. This work was performed by<br />
Camporai,whoau5eda ..·alltobedugattbeanglc<strong>of</strong>tlochuilding;"·hen.ono:aehi"t{theb.ues,it<br />
wu found tholtthcsupport<strong>of</strong>chc columns"""" vcryruioou!l. and, in tlu.t ioconvcnicrn&ituation,thc<br />
presenti
OF T il E TEMPLE OF JUI'ITER TONANS. AT ROME<br />
PLATE LXXX I.<br />
PLATE LXXXII.<br />
A. TnE coron;~, with the cimatium above, and modillioo und~r the 51.me. <strong>The</strong> modillion band is<br />
Qm:'lmented•ithlcaves ,<br />
B. A vari~ty in the side <strong>of</strong> the ""xlillioos.<br />
~- ~~: :!o~ ot;~~~~~~:f~be ~~ ~~~~:~~~~~~ memllcT <strong>of</strong> the comi~<br />
F. T he..cction<strong>of</strong>ditto. G. <strong>The</strong>mouldingroundthepanel<strong>of</strong>thcinscription.<br />
II. <strong>The</strong>uppcr'membcno<strong>of</strong> thea.rehitr:we<br />
PLATE LXXX III<br />
A. R~:na~'TS the ornaments on the frieze at the fbnk <strong>of</strong> the Temple. <strong>The</strong>y consist <strong>of</strong>instru<br />
mr.nts in use by the priests at their ~fifiCII.. r. T he aquimin;uium. 2. <strong>The</strong> sheath with the a.ltrus<br />
:;:la~ita. .). T he »penorium. 4· <strong>The</strong> pater.t. 5· T he albq;p.lerus. 6. <strong>The</strong> malleus. 7· <strong>The</strong><br />
B. T hes<strong>of</strong>fit<strong>of</strong>thea.rehitr:we.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Temple <strong>of</strong> Jupiter TOtUns is rq>reented on coint as he:.tedbetw'""nthc&.aed\Varandthe<br />
Capitol. Buttheft:arenocsufficientauthorities forn:scoringits:~tbfactoril)';-anidea<strong>of</strong>its:ur.mgcment<br />
wiUbegivenonthegeneralpbn
OF T il E TEMPLE OF T il E D I OSCURL<br />
OR CASTOR AN D POLLUX.<br />
JUPIT E R ST A TOR AT R O ME.<br />
ALSO OF T HE TEMPLE OF CONCORD, RECENTLY DISCOVERED AT TilE<br />
PLATE LXXX I V<br />
VIEW OF THE DIOSCUR / FROM T il E SOUTH-F.AST.<br />
Asantiquariesarenotagn:edon the destination<strong>of</strong>this Tcmple,lft:pn:fergivin~; i t the appc:lL~tionby<br />
whichith:.si.M.-.:ngencrallyknown. ltappear.~toh.webeensitu.:~.tcdatthe.outh...as t omglc<strong>of</strong>thc<br />
FORUM ROMANUMt; and certainly must be ranked the first among the cdifi~s <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rome</strong>, for<br />
eleganeeanU!'!:!lent View is t:tken from the :111gle <strong>of</strong> lhe Wllll. in front <strong>of</strong> !.he Clmn:h <strong>of</strong> S.~nm M~ria<br />
Liberatritt,tandexhibit.stheonlythn...:columnsremaining(whichformedp;m<strong>of</strong> the c:utAank<strong>of</strong>thc<br />
T tm]lle),with thcent."'blatureover them. his difficult toconjc:cturetowh;u"·cowetiK:]lresc:rvation<br />
<strong>of</strong> this l m.tll portion<strong>of</strong>thecdifiec; fwifthc connected mass<strong>of</strong>thc T cmpleooultlnm"·ithsnantlthe<br />
•hock or attack which occasionctl illl destruction, it 5c.n:lyoounta"JIOisc:ti,shO!lklholtlt~tl>erwithii>!III'Wia<br />
buis,~niculMJy,.•hcniti•consitleredU...teachcolumnisemnposctl <strong>of</strong>.Jixor-.:vt•n block.t,antllM•ih<br />
onnS
OF THE TF.MI'LE OF Till:: OIOSCURI. OR CASTOR AND I'OLLUX<br />
Behindtherolumn<strong>of</strong> l'hocasan:: theste(K.or inclined planes,leadingtotheCapitol.andabo~<br />
them the Church <strong>of</strong> Ara Ca:li.auppo»ed to be the site <strong>of</strong> the Temple <strong>of</strong> JUI'ITER CAPITOtlNUS.<br />
l\"cxtl5theAn::h<strong>of</strong>SEPTIMIUSSEVERUS,withpart<strong>of</strong>thcChurchoiSt.Josoeph<strong>of</strong>thcCarpentcrs,<br />
builtovcrthcpri:;on<strong>of</strong>St.Petcr; and intheangleisthcChurch<strong>of</strong>St.MartinandSt.Luke,attached<br />
::!ew~i:t~::... ~~t;~ ~o.:~n~;h:r i:~;~~~~"Y In front <strong>of</strong> it is the commencement <strong>of</strong> the grove <strong>of</strong><br />
PLATE LX XX V.<br />
PLAN AND ELEVATION OF T il E PARTS REMA INING, W ITH THE IR<br />
DIMENSIONS<br />
A. Rtrus.~:.•;·TStheplan<strong>of</strong>thcthreecolumnso:nuiningoltheeastllank<strong>of</strong>theTemplc.<br />
B. <strong>The</strong> elevation <strong>of</strong> thesame,withthcirsubstructure,<strong>of</strong>tnvcrtinestone; and the position <strong>of</strong> the<br />
basemoulding,inwhitcnurblc,<strong>of</strong>apedest.alinthcstyloi»te.foundinitsplace,atare
01· TilE TE\II'LE Ul; rHI:: UIOSCUitl, 01< (.'ASTOR ANU l'OLLUX<br />
PLAT E LXXXV II.<br />
T~ttSles<strong>of</strong> M,,,.Uhorand<br />
.thcl'anthron. Thcsethn.-eformthe6nestandbestproervt!dspecimcnJ<strong>of</strong> theCorinthianordcrin<strong>Rome</strong><br />
thoughthcyditlerv~rymatcrial!yinlhcirproponions,andinlhecharactcr<strong>of</strong>theiro"'"'"'""t; asv.·illk<br />
more dearly""'-'" byoomp:uing the l'latesXLVIJ., LXXV., and LXXXVIJl.; and mlwthc l'l~te~<br />
XLVIII., LXXVI .. and XC.; the three btter<strong>of</strong>which a~ all uc:cmed toaquan.:r <strong>of</strong> thetNisi•e.<br />
ltwillt..:~bytheplan,thattheangle<strong>of</strong>thea\w:u•i•con•idcmblybroadc rthan ei tMr<strong>of</strong>theotho;,r<br />
ClQllllples inthisworic.although tht: member ismon: dc:cor.ucd. Wean:enablt:d tovouchfQI"the<br />
=~s.thiJpbnandelevationolthccopital,fromfrngmenlllfoundon thespotduringthcbt e<br />
<strong>The</strong> only!W' olthe abaros ..anting;, the !W1 under A; the ornament iJhe~ n:st.-.:1 from<br />
luJlllOilitionin t ..·ovarious..ays,here.and :u Pbte XC. A fn.gment<strong>of</strong>the anglo:,uhcf"C dr~wn ...;u<br />
found on the 6f>Ol at the time <strong>of</strong> the c:xc:wation, and anochu with a little ~.,.ricty in the termination <strong>of</strong><br />
thcfoliagewhichoma~tedthcabacus.<br />
<strong>The</strong>angul:uvolutellr.Uals<strong>of</strong>ound,and part <strong>of</strong>thclcafwhich supporu it attached; itiJsunkin<br />
theccntrco(itsn.:tum.asreprcsentedonthcpbn.<br />
<strong>The</strong>utent o(theabacuidiagonall~·isoearlycqual todoubletbc: lowerdWnetu<strong>of</strong>the-w!Uiltll{as<br />
prcsc:ribedbyVitruvius; butthee
56 OF THE TEMPLE OF THE D IOSCURI, OR CASTOR AND POLLUX<br />
PLAT E XC.<br />
T HE CAPITAL. ONE QUARTER TilE ACTUAL SCA LE<br />
Tm~ capital is carefully n:stort:d from the: ,-arious fragments found on the ~pot. and with great attention<br />
tothechnra.,ter<strong>of</strong> the folia~, which, in the original, is most dclicntdy~nd bc:tutifullyexo:uted. <strong>The</strong>•<br />
two principal r~nges<strong>of</strong> bl\"CS arc: more strietl)•oopied from nature, in rc>eose<strong>of</strong>anyotlu:reapital. <strong>The</strong>tumingover<strong>of</strong>these ]ea,·es illtheonl)•partnot tltorouyhlyauthen<br />
tic;~tcd: they are drawn from the fr.~gmenUI found, prestrving their char.>Cter in supplring the<br />
terminations. <strong>The</strong> rO!IC in the centre <strong>of</strong> theabilcus ill also panlyfT'OfTiprcviousrepn:scntations<strong>of</strong>it.<br />
bt:ingK"'atlydnmaged. <strong>The</strong> angle o(thc. ab.-u:us is drawn fr.)nl a fragment in the Capitol, recently<br />
fuund.dwhich,.·eha,.eacast:andatA,isarep~nl.ation<strong>of</strong>anvther,themarbleolwhich"·as<br />
foundonthc.spot.andisintheposocssionQ!"johnSanden.. Esq.,ourfellow•tr.ln!llel'".towhosekindnes!i<br />
and libcrnlitrweare much indebtcd,ad take this ol'ponunity<strong>of</strong>txpn:s:>ing ourvbligationtohimfor<br />
much as.~istance in this ••oork. From thi~ it is evident that thfft: ,..ere thre.\\n a quarteT theactu.al size.<br />
lti.sgentra.llyoonsideredthattheac.anthusistheleafusedinthedecorntion<strong>of</strong>Corinthian<br />
capital~: but the Pla!e No. XVI I (<strong>of</strong> Se1>timius S.:\"ci"U!I) aMI LXX (<strong>of</strong> Tivoli), a~ perhaps more like<br />
th.1tplantinnaturethanan)·<strong>of</strong>the,-e,d. <strong>The</strong>othcn.thoughbc:autiful inthdrfonnsandarnngcmcm,<br />
bc:armorethJ..,...rance<strong>of</strong>anthan<strong>of</strong>natuo::<br />
PLATE XC I.<br />
T tnsViewexhibiu a pan <strong>of</strong>tlw: excav:ationudC!rtakcninfront<strong>of</strong>thcTemplc,-..hcnthesubslructure<br />
<strong>of</strong>thcoolumn•.andthefouotlnion<strong>of</strong>thcgr.>.nd Hight <strong>of</strong>llcpt bywhkh the Temple ,..as approac:hcd,<br />
\O'en::diKOvered. <strong>The</strong>llthumius. -..·hich was aftc,....·attb; OOtWcrtecl into an atrium or<br />
awruaehtothcpalace<strong>of</strong>the~n..<br />
Albcninot calls it the Tempk: <strong>of</strong> \'ulcan; and Labacxo, in his Plat~ XX, XXI, and XXll,<br />
follow~thclatt.,.opinion; l'alladiocalhit the Tempi
OF TIH: fEMI'l.b: 0 1· T H E UIOSCURI. OR CASTOR i\1\U l'Ol.LUX<br />
P LATE XC II<br />
fu•:J•!anOttupiesthe.:entralspacc; the three columns nowsl!>QSite c.~ch column. <strong>The</strong> intcrmchu<strong>of</strong>llq)l; it might<br />
citherhavcc:
OF T H E TEMPLE OF VEST A. AT ROME<br />
PLATE XC IV.<br />
0'< the left bank <strong>of</strong> the T iber, near the: site <strong>of</strong> the Forum Hoarium, and the embouchure <strong>of</strong> the Cloaca<br />
M:ucima, arc the remaill5 <strong>of</strong> a periptcnol round T"'mplc, <strong>of</strong> white nw-ble. <strong>The</strong> 11'alls <strong>of</strong> the cell are in<br />
part5bnding; and,<strong>of</strong>thetwcmrcolumnswhichsum>undcdit,the~ft<strong>of</strong>oneonlyisll'aming:many<br />
<strong>of</strong> the capiWs are gre;atly injuml: and, from the variety in their design and eo:ecuUon, it llU.)' be:<br />
observedihltttheTemplchuprobo.blyundergoncvariousn:p;~irs,which,bythc•tyle<strong>of</strong>some,wemay<br />
ll';lc;o:upto al.:ncperiod: lhe pr~=-.,.iling chaDC;tc~" is Greek. <strong>The</strong>columnsareveryl<strong>of</strong>ty,beingde\-cn<br />
di:unctcninheight:nonc<strong>of</strong>thccntablaturen:ut.ome<strong>of</strong>thelacullal'i.ir,anda<br />
sm;ollpiece<strong>of</strong>theuppermember<strong>of</strong>thecomi
01· Till:.: TEMPLE OF VESTt\, AT ROM!'<br />
~d~e <strong>of</strong> tiM- :~.mbu\acnam, Wcing which for a sale, the prob;.blc: number is nine: 1~ f011nd.olillll an.<br />
"l"]lilr.lted frumthat'3tion <strong>of</strong> the capital, whkh is particularly l<strong>of</strong>t). Tk abaeus is deep, and itsdi:>g<strong>of</strong>tal<br />
utentrnore than usual if measured to thepoinL <strong>The</strong>ehar.M:terolthese
TEMPLE OF FORTUNA V!RIL!S. AT ROME.<br />
PLATE XCVII<br />
/\~:.utheTempk:<strong>of</strong>Vesta..tolr.lrdthenorth~aretherenuill$<strong>of</strong>aTempk: , supposedtoh3vebeen<br />
dedicated to Fortuna Virili~. <strong>The</strong>: situation <strong>of</strong> thQ; Temple rtbtivdy with the: Temple <strong>of</strong> Vesta is<br />
shown in the View. his rakcn from theangleinfront<strong>of</strong>thepron:K18<strong>of</strong>theTemple,,.·hicb U now<br />
wal!edup:somerenuins<strong>of</strong>thecolum~inthe"'""ll and inth.-.t<strong>of</strong>theconvent,en.1bleustodc:termine<br />
lhe uu:nt <strong>of</strong> the Temple; the cornice is muc:h mutilated on this front, and the building appears to have<br />
undcrgonesomechanges.part<strong>of</strong>theoriginalmouldinp<strong>of</strong>thean:hitraveandoomi
Of TilE TEMPI.F. OF FORTUNA VIR! LIS. AT ROM"-.<br />
P LAT E C.<br />
I::LEVATION OF THE \VEST F LANK OF TilE T EMPLE.<br />
TIUt lcu~th <strong>of</strong> the fbnk is nearly tlo~ble the height <strong>of</strong> the order; the lt}'lobatc is in height betwec:n a<br />
third and a fourth <strong>of</strong> tlle ortlcr. <strong>The</strong> columns an:: pl:.ced onastcp,whichaweara tol~wcrunround<br />
thcTemplc.• Above the surbase moulding is :ilooa %OC
OF THE COLUMN AND FORU~I OF TRAJAN.<br />
AT ROME.<br />
PLATE C II.<br />
VIEW OF THE TRAJAN COLUMN, FROM TilE EAST<br />
AvttYinterestingandextensiveexcavationhasb.tclybecnnwlcinthisquarter,whichhasexposed:a<br />
eonsiderableportion<strong>of</strong>the:anangement<strong>of</strong>thenugnificcntForum<strong>of</strong> Tn.P..,inthemidst<strong>of</strong>..,hichrose<br />
thcColumnercacdiOhishoi!Otlrbylhc:Rornanpeople; agn:atnumbel'"<strong>of</strong>housc:$ha.vebeenremoved,<br />
andtheresulthH :unplycompcnatedfurthe o:xpcnoc andtrouble<strong>of</strong>theundenalcing.• This View is<br />
Wcenfromthetoulh.we;;tsi
p.:IY~mcnL<br />
OF THE COLUMN AND l'ORUM OF TR AJAN. AT RmiL<br />
PLATE CII J.<br />
I'LI\NS, ELEVATION, SECTION. AND DETA ILS OF TilE COLUMN<br />
1\. Ttn elevation <strong>of</strong> tile Column toward tile east <strong>The</strong> 11Cdest:d is between a Mth and sixth <strong>of</strong> th ~<br />
ke~~o:ht <strong>of</strong> lhc Column, induding iL~ ba3e and capital. <strong>The</strong> Column is eight diametcn in height near!)·<br />
h
011 THE COLUMN AND FORUM OF TRAJAN, AT ROME<br />
C.Atrovertinefountb.tionforapier;thecorre:spondingsll"
OF TI-lE ANTONINE COLUMN. AT ROME.<br />
PLATE CVI.<br />
Tms Column wu eTeCted by the Emperor M;arcus Aurelius, in commemor.uion <strong>of</strong> victories obained<br />
over the German.,Armcni:ans.;u~d l'arthians. and dedic:atcd wAntoninllll Piu.. lt w:as placed in :a<br />
forum, the buildin!,'110fwhichdonotrtnWn. ltisnowsurroundedbymodemalilices,andcallcdthc<br />
I'~ Colon~ whieh is situated on the 'II"C:SI side <strong>of</strong> the princi~l s~ <strong>of</strong> modern <strong>Rome</strong>, c:allcd the<br />
"C...-~ Thcl,.'f'Ollndt..accumul:uedoonsid
OF THE. ANTO!\INI-: COLUMN AT ROME.<br />
dWncters; thedlminution;tttheupperdiametai'acarttlyperoeptible,beingonlyonefoot,oratwelfth<br />
<strong>of</strong>thc]o,.·erdi:uncter. <strong>The</strong>Tr:~janColumnisonlytenfect nine inchesdiameteratthecop,whilethis<br />
istweh·efeetoneioch;antltheab;~.cuso:xcccdstheformerinextentaboveth~fectc:aehway;the<br />
ruult is greatly in favour <strong>of</strong> the Tr:~jan Column; while the want <strong>of</strong> diminution gi\'C:. to the<br />
Antonlnc: the appear.tnre<strong>of</strong>;~. huge stic:k r:lther th~n an elegant pilbr<br />
mode~~~~ :'e ~:tu';ot~~hl~a~lumn is in part antique, but truncaled; ;~.nd on it is pia~ a<br />
ll <strong>The</strong> plan <strong>of</strong> the pedestal. <strong>The</strong> situation <strong>of</strong> the original door is at 13.,toward the east; Lhe<br />
modemtlooriseutatthep~ntlevel<strong>of</strong>thegroundoonsio.ler:~blyabovc,asisseeninthescction,and<br />
onthcsouthside,at H.,onthepl:1n<br />
C. T heplan,takenatthe lowerdiameter.<br />
D. Thcplan,t:lkcnattheuppcrdbmeter.<br />
E.. <strong>The</strong>plan<strong>of</strong> lhepedestal,plaeulonthctop<strong>of</strong> theColumn,withthedoorthercin<br />
F . <strong>The</strong> section<strong>of</strong>theColumn,looking north. In this Lhe half <strong>of</strong> the modem pedestal and door<br />
arerepresented,andthenumber<strong>of</strong>acpsrcqui.sitetoarriveatthelevd<strong>of</strong>theoriginaldoor; the top <strong>of</strong><br />
which was found at the lCliel G. <strong>The</strong>re appear to have been six courses <strong>of</strong> marble to the original<br />
pcdestai,Cll:clu.sivc<strong>of</strong>thestepsroundit,••hich,with the lower COUI$C,aresupplied from Pirancsi; the<br />
othcrlivcoourseswefounduligu~. <strong>The</strong>shalt<strong>of</strong>theColumn,includingbaseandeapital,iseomposed<br />
<strong>of</strong>nineteenbloc:ks<strong>of</strong>white m.arble.simibrtotheTrajanColwnn,eachhavingcight$tepsO:Uiout<strong>of</strong>the<br />
:oolid;theeapitalbeingasingleblock<strong>of</strong>marblc,tev(;nteenfcetfourinchessquare.andlivefectdecp<br />
<strong>The</strong> st:Urcase is lighted by loop-holes, as reprecntcd, none <strong>of</strong> the ancient mouldings <strong>of</strong> the pedestal<br />
mnain,andtheomamcnu~al l cutaway.
OF THE FORUM OF NERVA, AT ROME,<br />
THE TEMPLE OF PALLAS.<br />
PLATE CVIII.<br />
Tut.tworolumnsandlheenabluu~andattic,~ntedinthisView,an:<strong>of</strong>whitcugrble.andare<br />
the only parts t'emllining <strong>of</strong> the rcsent."'ltionsin bas-relief<br />
<strong>of</strong>theirattributet. <strong>The</strong>one now preserved l>:!.sthefigurc<strong>of</strong>l'allasorMmervainthcnttic; andc merit o( aome, while 01heB appe:r.r to<br />
haveir>eum:dhcrdispleasnrc.<br />
<strong>The</strong> entablature and cornice <strong>of</strong> the auic are pr<strong>of</strong>usely ornamented in o:vcry moulding; the<br />
omamenlllarefinclyexo:laced onpedcstals,similarlytothose<strong>of</strong>tbc:triumpl>:!.larches.wcm.:ulc<br />
-.:veralapplicatiunstoheallo"·l!dtu"'mo'·cthee>rth,inonkrtoascettainthisandthej>reclsehcight<br />
<strong>of</strong> the columns; butmet,.·ith"" much trouble and deb)•inanswo;:ringourapplic:uions, thatwe,.·ere<br />
obliJ:,>cd to abandon iL <strong>The</strong> wall now forms the front tu a modem houo;e, :md is perlor:ned for its<br />
windo ..-. :and door$. Fromrooentdisco),..,;es,theextent<strong>of</strong>thisForum and theTempleisaccunucly<br />
defi~ in !'late CXXX,and the c ..·oold dr:~,.·ings. !'late CV I Il~<br />
PLA TE CIX.
lntheattici!a.figure<strong>of</strong>Minerv::~.,inthecentre.<br />
<strong>The</strong> cornice is highly enriched. and the upper<br />
memberadomedwithdolphinsandfolia.ge<br />
<strong>The</strong> e>ceclllion and arrangement <strong>of</strong> this sculp1urc correspond with thoR <strong>of</strong> the Arch <strong>of</strong> Tims. with<br />
whiehitprobablyisconlempomry.<br />
<strong>The</strong> sllafts are much interred. llO that the llil5CS are not discernible; they :>re here restOred<br />
from supposition.<br />
whcn rt~: =:=:: :.,~ :u 1 ~~"' is compost.'
Of. TilE AMPHITHEATRE OF VESPAS IAN,<br />
THE COLOSSEU~· I. AT ROM E.<br />
PLATE CX IV.<br />
Ttn~ immense edif,oe "'';&!. c:omrn.:nced l.y the Emperor Vespasian, and lini$hed by his_, Tim., about<br />
the sev~my·ninth >-eM <strong>of</strong> the Christian aa: lhroe )-ear!~ onl)• are pjd to ll:lve bc:c:n ooxupied in its<br />
em;lioo. hm.llyjustlybe Aid tohavebem tht:mo&timposingbuilding. fromitsapp:orentrMgttitud4-,<br />
intheworid. <strong>The</strong>P)=midsoiEgyplcanonlybc:comparalwithitintheextent<strong>of</strong>theirpb.n,asthey<br />
cover...,;arlylhcsamesurfu:c:• f«.whikthe)·diminisb narlytoapoim:~.~~ thcyrise,thcColoueum,<br />
viewalextemaUy.p.-.:xntsitsl<strong>of</strong>t)'""!l.ooehundredandsixtyfcetinheight,tothewhl)]ccxu:m<strong>of</strong>the<br />
po:riphcry<strong>of</strong>itseltipsis.<br />
<strong>The</strong>magnitude<strong>of</strong>thisbuildinghasgivenrisetoitsn.:une:titisinformoval,thecoojug:ate<br />
diamcu:rbc:ingsixhundn:dandtwcntyfeet,and thctransversedi:uneterfivc hundred and thine(:nfcet<br />
totheextem<strong>of</strong>theouterwall,whichison.c:hundredand fifty-sev.:nfCC'Ihigh.anddecor:nedwith four<br />
orders <strong>of</strong> archit
POSTICIS.>EO,t;T,I
Fr.mgepanibmily,withwhoml'ope l nroooentth
· s..~l'l>lO!'ed <strong>of</strong> rubble and o:ement,:r.nd h:weevidentlybeen turned upon<br />
boan.hlo:nto::s.thc:marl
PLATE CXV II.<br />
Pl.ANS OF THE SECOND OR IONIC RANGE, AND MEZZANINE OV ER DITTO<br />
~~~ •• ~:~~- l sthe plan<strong>of</strong>h.l.lfth
OF TilE COLOSSEUM, AT ROME.<br />
PLAT E CX I X<br />
LONG ITUDINAL E LEVATION AND SECTIONS<br />
T ~ntdevationgivc:sthegenernlproponionandarmngement<strong>of</strong> theextcrior<strong>of</strong>thecdificelongitudina\ly.<br />
<strong>The</strong> measurements and details are fully exp\ainl'e<br />
second and third storir:sareshown the pcdest.11sfor$Upponingstatucs,whichatthes:unetimesen·cd<br />
asaj)TOtectiontopersoMinthcoorridon,thele\"els<strong>of</strong>which~thetQp<strong>of</strong>theouterstyloh:m:s. Two<br />
<strong>of</strong> thesepedesulsonlynowrema.inin N0!1.JOandJ3<br />
lllthewa!l<strong>of</strong>theupl"--rstoryaretwornngepilasters.~affonhlighttothcuppcrmev.aninestory.• One<strong>of</strong>theseisovertheoentra.l<br />
opening,andoneineachaltcm;uedivision. <strong>The</strong>upperwindo""Safforded light to theupperr.mge<strong>of</strong><br />
se:ot:s,andareplaoedaltematelywhcre the last mentioned windows do not occur. Abo'"ethelauerare<br />
tl>ecorbdsthat held the masts to which were att;>c:hcd the wrd! <strong>of</strong> the vclarium. or awning, which<br />
~:! ~ ::o::~ from the 5lln ornin. <strong>The</strong> method inwhkh thisvt:larium \U.!I constructed might<br />
A
OF THE COLOSSEUM, AT ROMf,_<br />
part, :~.,~~n~:~~ew~~:el~: ~~:;is more regularly and C
OF Til£ COLOS">EUM, AT ROME<br />
PLATE CXX III.<br />
SECTION THROUGH No. 47, IN PART RESTORED<br />
fm$.cctiongivesthepr<strong>of</strong>ile<strong>of</strong>thccxternalwa11Atoit.!lwholehcight; theinncrfaccisperpendicular,<br />
andtlu::outcronc~esoneachstol)'; iti~coo~tructeddtmvertinestone,cxccpt theinncrface<strong>of</strong><br />
theuppcT1'2IIge.whichisfom•edwithtilesinhori:rontalc:oursea.<br />
Thcncxtwall, B,dividingthe two outer corridors. isalsoconstrueted<strong>of</strong>tr;IVertine!iiOne: no part<br />
<strong>of</strong>thisnowremainsabovetheline<strong>of</strong>theirnposttothe;~rehes<strong>of</strong>thethirdorCorinthianrangc.<br />
<strong>The</strong>thirtlpierorwall,C,iseonstructed<strong>of</strong>tr:wenine stone 10 the height <strong>of</strong> the fioor<strong>of</strong>thethirtl<br />
r.~.nge,,.·hichisnearlyatthelevcl<strong>of</strong>theuppc:rmarble.eat<strong>of</strong>thegrandfiight; alxwe that, it is faced<br />
;:~t~si:' :~:: ~ori=~~e:;s~~ now remains a little abo\~ the openings in it; both<br />
<strong>The</strong>,.,.J),fromCtoF,extendingfromthe &erond to the thirdeorridoronthe[llan,areeomposed<br />
<strong>of</strong> peperinestone<strong>of</strong>r.~.theraa<strong>of</strong>tnalur!:; but having two pieB. 0 and E,.u •·ell as the outer ones,<br />
Candl',eomposed<strong>of</strong>uavenine!iiOne. <strong>The</strong>sepierscontinueashighusho..·nontheseetion;andthe.<br />
u 1<br />
>pc:r[mt.instud<strong>of</strong>peperinestooe,isfilled inwithrubbk,Caeedonbothsidcswithtilc. Arches are<br />
also,.·orlccdintbctiles,butthC)donoteontinuethroughthe.,.,.U, Underthis ..':lllisthesection<strong>of</strong><br />
:; ~~~h~:. dlown on the plan, Plate CXV I, and the inclined line <strong>of</strong> JQ\'ement from the outer to<br />
<strong>The</strong>eomiceandpodium,l!,,.·hiehareplaccdonthew:allovcrC,arerestoredfromsupposition,as<br />
,.·ellasthet..·ogallcries:<strong>of</strong>scatsinwoodabove.<br />
<strong>The</strong> cornices over the doors in thewallC,toget.her<br />
11·ith the columns and cnubl:llure over the pier B. are I'CIItored from fngments found on the spot;<br />
~~~~u~~~~r which are given in I'L1te CXXIX. <strong>The</strong> colurn.u are placed over each pier; see<br />
1<br />
ltap~probablethatthepublic;seat s didnotextendhigherth:mheredmwn,asthere<br />
were in all lllufourstaireases from this floor at the Ievell, to the tOJIOf the building: the simation<br />
7~~.:~~X;\~~~~n on the pl~n C, Plate CXVIII, and their arrangement more particularly at I, K<br />
<strong>The</strong> flights <strong>of</strong> stairs in the upper meuanine, the lloor<strong>of</strong> ...·hich is level with thetop<strong>of</strong>theCorinthianr::mg.:<strong>of</strong>columns,areclcarly.Jiscernible;<br />
thereweretwenty·four in all: their situation is shown<br />
on the plan B, !'late CXVIJ I, and more particubrly at I~ F and G, Plate CXXVIII<br />
<strong>The</strong> Rights <strong>of</strong> stairs in the $CCOnd oorridor <strong>of</strong> the thin.! r::mge are drawn. ABC and D.<br />
=:~~~-XXVII I , and theirsitu.1tionsshownon the plan, A, l'lateCXVIII. <strong>The</strong>Tc were eighteen in<br />
<strong>The</strong> flights <strong>of</strong> stairsinthclowermeuanine,O'o'ertheseeond oorridorat the level K,areshownat<br />
~ ~:,and N, in !'late CXXVIII: and their position• at D, !'late CXVII. <strong>The</strong>re were sixteen<br />
11<br />
Fromthismezu.nine)·oudescendbytwenty-eightstcpstoagallery atthele,~ l M,whiclleontinued<br />
roundthebuildingunderthegr.andllight<strong>of</strong>se:ats,andga\~aceesstoone<strong>of</strong> themiddleranges<strong>of</strong>,·omitories.<br />
<strong>The</strong>number<strong>of</strong>thesestain::uesaresixreen. Fortlw:iri.itu:ation,sceplanA, l'lateCXVI I<br />
<strong>The</strong>lowt:rstaireasesho"'·n inthissectionistheupperhaU<strong>of</strong>one<strong>of</strong>thedoubleflightsleadingfi'ORl<br />
the ground floor to the IC\"CI L,onthesecond range <strong>of</strong> corridors. <strong>The</strong>rewcretwcntyinnumber,and<br />
t:hcirsituationsshownintheplan,PlateCXVI<br />
<strong>The</strong>,.,.u)!llunderthese:a!llandstairea.ses,aswcllastotheconidora,areallformedinroughrubble<br />
work:themarks<strong>of</strong> theboardedo:entresoverwhichtheyweretumedarevisible<br />
PLATE CXXIV.<br />
TmsseetioncxhibiUithelowerpart<strong>of</strong> thebuilJing,extcndingfromthearenatothecxterior.<br />
Totheleft.thepodiumisrestored, and tl1e SICJ15 shown up to it from the fourth corridor, which<br />
remain. <strong>The</strong>situation<strong>of</strong>themisso..'Cilontheplan, PlateCXVI<br />
:: ~~~ 2~t~:~~t~~:o:::::::~ntl:~e'7:0~~ ~~~~~ ~e 5 ~r 1 :~;"!r ':i~ ~:~~:::~==
O F T H E COLOSS E UM, t\T ROME<br />
PLATE CXXV.<br />
SECT IOI\ THROUGH No.. 46.<br />
~~::: 0 1:i:~~le ~t;~~~~;:min~u~~r~;•sio:ua~~!:: ~~<br />
l'bte CXVII. N~arl~· the whole <strong>of</strong> lbe stairs in tM div~ion remain; the~- are<strong>of</strong>travenine &tone, bid<br />
onbrickortile: :.ndaAtt~ion<strong>of</strong>onc~givcnin l'lateCXXVII I<br />
<strong>The</strong>mezu.nineovertheeccondtorridOl'recci,·es its light fromthetorridors<strong>of</strong>lbethin:l range, by<br />
anopeninginthc\"ault.<br />
<strong>The</strong>O(HI..UUC:tinnwil!beoeenbyrr:ferenaotothcPiate.<br />
PLATE CXXVI<br />
SECTION TIJROUt.dl No.. 4S<br />
Tmsse:~ ~=~~g~~~~r .:;;~~it~~ ~t ~~~ '~:t:":~a~~~~~~:=~<br />
th.ogrountlpb.n
PLAT E CXXVill.<br />
1). I'LAs<strong>of</strong>the.uii"C::.Se$inthesccondconidor<strong>of</strong>thclhirdorCorinthianrnnge: thcirsituationisgiV~:n<br />
in I'~~ ~i:!=:~~~~to. <strong>The</strong>y "'Cte eight~n in numlx:r.<br />
B.Longitudinalekvation<strong>of</strong>thenightnextthcoultrwall<br />
A. Longitudin.alt::le•-ation<strong>of</strong>theinncrflil:ht: !hoe&tcpsn::main up to the landing. and continue<br />
aftcritsufficie building. <strong>The</strong>ir situation m;~.y be seen in pl:ln C, l'l:ue CXVIIJ. <strong>The</strong>)' we"'<br />
fouronly innumber.<br />
L <strong>The</strong> plan <strong>of</strong> thestairsinthemezz.anineover!he BeCOnd corridor. <strong>The</strong>irsi!Ua.tionma.>·besecn<br />
in plan B. Plate CXVII. <strong>The</strong>y were si:orteen in number.<br />
M. Section, and Nclevation,<strong>of</strong>the5ame. P. Section <strong>of</strong> ,.·atercourse next to inner wall in this<br />
PLAT E CX X IX.<br />
A. I'LAN<strong>of</strong>thepieDoneachsidc<strong>of</strong>tbc:northeentralopeningon the ground floor,,.-ithlhep:n>cment<br />
and Slep3 and indication <strong>of</strong> a ponico. which ill supposed 10 ha\'C communicated with the Baths <strong>of</strong><br />
T itus.andisrej>l"e$(:ntedonmeda.ls.<br />
B.Sectionthrooghthesame.<br />
C. Halflheplan<strong>of</strong>acolumnfouudonthespot,andsupposedtohavcbeenilal"tOfthisponico: it<br />
is<strong>of</strong>lincpavonazc:ttomarble. ThcHutcsandfilleu:werepresc:ntcdat D.<br />
E.Pla.n<strong>of</strong>theouterpiers,groundstory<br />
F. l'lan<strong>of</strong> thesccondpieronthcsamestory. G. l'bn<strong>of</strong> thethirdditto.<br />
H. Plan<strong>of</strong> theouterpieron the Corinthian or third t:Uib"C·"·ith the situation <strong>of</strong>thestylobatc in<br />
tlteopenings.<br />
I. Plan<strong>of</strong>thewholelength<strong>of</strong> thestylolxuetaken on the top,withthemorticeholestowhiehthe<br />
st:uuesarc$UpJIOiiedtoh;webeenfi:or.ed<br />
~- ,:~::::~~:~' ;:; d::,:c stylobatc.<br />
N. ll.u;e,and M thesurbasemoulding<strong>of</strong>thcsame.<br />
· 1'1.-tn<strong>of</strong>thesink. stones in the rne.uanin.covcr the third corridor on the Ionic range. <strong>The</strong>ir<br />
situ.UIOOmaybeseenelosetotheinnerw;~.llonpbnA,I'lateCXVI I
OF THE COLOSSEU~I, AT ROME.<br />
PMouldingo(~<br />
Q. Spc:cimcno;~fherring-lxme]).W~mcntintheupperaarri(]on.<br />
R S«tionthroughthewall,sl>o..,·ingthcira.>n>truction<strong>of</strong>rubble.faa:dwithtriangul.:artiles.<br />
til~ ::~on:u:f ~~d~~~n Q~:~~~~:c rnnge, with their oonsli'Uctin: they a.., o( tr.wcrtinc stone, laid<br />
00<br />
T. B.ue and p;r.n <strong>of</strong> the §haft<strong>of</strong>columns<strong>of</strong>dppO&eown on<br />
Platcs CX IX ;utd CXXIIL <strong>The</strong>y are the same diamcterasthee>eterioreolumn• and piL:asten, which<br />
arealikeone"erystory.<br />
V W. Sec:t.iOtUi<strong>of</strong> two m~rble seats diSCQ\'ere(], and which C\'identl)•belonged tothcgr:md night<br />
ahowingthettepcutin thesame,ar>dmoni"~forthen~tseaL<br />
X.l'lan<strong>of</strong>thetop<strong>of</strong>thes;r.me.showingthemonicetQ~ivethenrxt'IC:IL<br />
Z Z Z Z. Fr.lj;'mcnt5 <strong>of</strong> marble found round the arena, and suppoaed to luvedi:(;'Qrnted the ·-~U ~~<br />
tht•b:lck<strong>of</strong>thegrand Aight<strong>of</strong>seats. One<strong>of</strong>thcdrn,.·inJ,"ireprescnlllthep;r.rucollcc.ted:some<strong>of</strong>th.<br />
pedimo:nb :ue qments <strong>of</strong> circles; aU are eridcntly <strong>of</strong> l.:a!C date.
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