The architectural antiquities of Rome - University of Notre Dame ...

The architectural antiquities of Rome
I 30 plates (parr fold.) 5 I
Hesburgh Libraries
University of Notre Dame

I
(
~
I
\
\
I
L

ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES
ROME
O N E HU N DRED & THIRTY VI EWS & ~IEAS UR n iE N T S
GEORGE LEDWELL TAYLOR,
fOlhcN~nJ~odCre>tlln"'"';~.U.. .. ortheSoa.oyoiAnuq..._oiU..SoacryotAns,
•nd ol""' R.oJol l•tn••~ ol llrilllh Arclutoctt;
EDWARD CRESY,
A N EW EDITION.

'A
1'{1'\

ADVERTISEMENT.
T ''~f.:WR~I~:,:·:t~u:~:~~:.rt:~hi~ R:: l ~,rst~,:~:h: 0 : ~~~;~~arte'~~:~:
Ty,·o Vols. Folio. at the:: price of Eight(CI] Guint"U. or on India p.1per, Twenty-four Guinea5
h hu oo .. - long been out oltlfint
The 'OOk: w~:~rk to pre;ent on " large SCl.le. and with the preci~ion o{ minute pmfcss.ion.1l
me;uun:ment, the:: ehic:f Monumental "-'mlins of the Ci t)', in pl:~n, dev:uion, and detail, it has
alwa)'3 hdd the tllao:: of the st:lndard authority upon the subject of the i\rchitectural Monuments
or Rome
This work has &ince been c--.pl~ted for l'ublic:uion under tiM: editorial an: of hiJ S(>n, the
Rev ..\t..UA'

ORIG INA L PREFACE. r8z r
HAVtJ

CON T EN T S OF PART l.
OR IG INAl. I'REFACE
I NTRODUCTION AND GENERA L PLAN -
PLATES I TO X
PLATES X I TO X I X
PLAT ES
XX TO XXV.
TilE AI

CONTENTS OF PART I I.
PLATES LX III TO LXX I.
TEM I'LE OF MARS ULTOR, AT ROME
P LAT ES LXX I I TO LXXVII I.
01· THE TEMPLE O F JUPITER TO~A NS, AT ROMI~
PLAT ES LXX I X TO LXXX II I.
PLATJ:-:5
LXXX I V 1'0 XCI I I
PLATES XCIV TO XCV I
P tATIOS XCV II TO CI.
OF THE COLU)I N AND FORUM OF TRAJAN, AT ROME
PLATF.S C II TO C I V.
'Through!IO

INTRODUCTION
AND EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
(PLATE CXXX.)
!'LAN 5110\VING THE POSITI~~E~T:~O~~ 01' Til E JIUILDI NGS HEREI N
Ontho:Ottasionfformin;::thcStra)ed
~u~;:;~:;:;::; ~Ep~:ffi~~:=~~:~~i're~~~~~:i~hi,~:;~~~~
of th~n .;~~~.~~h~:~;;~~n~~ti~~: 0 1~~~;: :~~~~~:~=~·."~~the pan of the f~ade with
the i~~~~~n~:,~~ ~~:n=.i::- ; 1 is evident th:ttthc dmwinga are f.~ithrul repfeS(:nmliorlll of the
;~~~s1~~~IfE~f~¥£fiE:~£jlff~~~~r;~~:,~ ~~~
pcnon;olmeuun:menr.,islaid.X...-nherewthcs:uneiC:I.Ie. ThO&ewhoh.avenotlleefl
Sr.l'etcr"•,rrgrbcledtocontcmplateil!lmagnitudeand arrnngcment,uwdl as those of
theCol-.m.bythc..:ctionofourdeganteathedrni,St.l'aul'-.drnwnabioto
!he~e
~le.andpbttdwithinth eformer.
ThenaveofSL l'eter'sisonehundn:dand fortyfeet in height in the

CONTENTS OF PART II.
P LATES LXIII TO LXXI
OF THE TEMI'LE OF MARS ULTOR, AT ROME
PLATES LXXII TO LXXVIII.
OF TilE TEMPLE OF JUPITER TONANS, AT ROME
l"l'troogl'l!l(lmtinadVM:cna:inthcprepar.ationortheoriginaiWori

INTRODUCTION
AN D EXPLANATI O N O F THE PLA T ES.
(PLA T E CXXX.)
I'LAN SHOWING TilE POSITION OF MOST OF TilE IJUILOINGS II EREi r\
TREATED OF
A~TII(I\GII nearly tho:- whole oftl\co, sp;tee occupi.ed b~· the modem ci1yof Rorno!!;. coven:ilastcrsofthc.orderinSt.Petet's:thclatter,includingthecntablature,itonehundred
fet:~inheigh t ,whilctha t o fSt.l'aulisbutfift)"fect. Thcod>CTrdati•·eproportionsmaybe
~~e

;;;lflil
~~~~iE§~~1::£
No. ~.-A:c=::~~:::c :::~ :r~:"·J>r«inct of the Temple ~ d

The pan No. 2Jisofsimil.ublocks,cach ~ixfoe1seveninchesbythreefeetteninehes,
No. U.
ndtho:einchesthick;sevcnty-nineinth.,k.,gth
T hc~taofpicrsan:tmce;~.blcwt..:"'~hownonthc l'lan
ltilcleart.hatthisisthcll.u.ilica i nqucstion,forintllc:~k: de

lnthc:ANGLEarethc:various EDIFICES oont:linedin lhil Work, and othcrs.alldr.a.,rntothc:
~~:~.mcscale,forref~nceastomagnituUo:,&c.
~: !:=~~~o:;o~ ~~":;:,~;:;=it~~~~~ to have been originally arranged.
No. 3.-Eievationofthcl'ron.aosoftheTempleofi\lincrva,atAthen5, forcompa.rison
These twoportioocsarejustlycon&idcred the finest existing; thcircxtentdiffcrso_nly
tenfcct,but thcirhcight,considerably. Thcbcautyofthcl'orticooftllePanlhc:on«onJUSU
gn:atly initsdcplhandnrrangcmcnt.
No. 4.-The Temple of Mal"!l Ultot". See Plates LXXII to LXXVI II
No. 0.-The Temple of Jupiter Tonans. See 1'1.-ltes LXXIX to LXXXV.
No. 0.-Transver.;c:Secionof the Temple of Peace, or Huilit;~.of ConJ.Unt.irn:
No. 7.-Transvcn;e Section of the ll.uilica o{ Trajan. Sec Plates Cllto CJV
No. 8.-Sectionofthc: Temple of Venus and Rome
No. 11.-EievationoftheTcmpleofVenusandRome.
r\o.IO.-E~X~ ~ ~:r the Temple of Jupiter Stator. or the Dio!.curi See l'btes LXXXIV
~: :!:=!:~~n~~~n. Sees!~':~~~~ ~(:VII.
These: Columns differ only three inches in lw:ight. but \"lll) cc•m.idernbly in their
proportions.andintheheightofthcirpedestala.
No.U.-Thc Arch of the Goldsmiths. Sec Plates XX to XX\'
No. U.-The Arch of Trajan.at Ancona.. Sec l'btcs XXVI to XXIX
~: : :.-=~::~;;::~ :::7:mi~Sel::: I ;:X ~'lates XI to XIX
No. 17.-Thc Temple of Vesta, at Rome. Sec l'bte. XCIV to XCV I
No. 18.-The Temple

~
I
...
JJJ
rn ..
~

PLAK
OF THE WESTERN PART OF PLATE
ISOURA..,.,.IQVITIES Of RO.ME .
SIIEWINGTIIE RECENT DISCO\'ERJES
FORVM ROMANVM,
WITH RESTORATIONS
~~ OF Til£VARIOVS FORA
."/.1 .... ~~-~'lo, ~ORTH Of THE SAM£.,
t'TENillNGt'ROMTHEHASII.ICAOfCONSTA.'I"
TOTIIECOLVMti'OfTRAJAN •
.f.ASTWMlDT01'Ht.: COLO
·~
v· "~
,/F

COMPARAT IVE DIMENSIONS
OfTHEBVIlOINGS IN THIS WORK
AlSO OF S~ PEteRS &.S~ PAVLS .
RDENs
. '
]
p
ATIN£

OF T H E TRI UMPHAL ARCH OF T ITUS
PLATE I
VIEW OF T HE EAST S ID E, TOWARDS T il E COLOSSEUM
T111 remains of this beautiful Arch an: foo.md on the a:rurseof the SACRED O R T R I UM PH A L.
W 1\ Y, which oomrneneed :u the Cin:us M.u:imus. and extended to the C:ipitol. It had various
directions under different Emperors, and especiallyundcrthcEmpcrorNcro: and llklynowbetr:Ked,
first under the Arch of Constantine, :o.g;Un undu the one now tk:scribed, and also under the An;h of
SeptimiusSeverus,ti\1 winding round bct·ooe.::n theTemplesof J upitcr T on:o.II'JandConcord:itled the
vietoriousproc:8Sionstothe T EMPLE OF JU PITER F ERETRI US,ontheRomanGipitol.
Ateachofthexplacesthcvcrystoneslhatformedthcp:werncntoftltiss;u:ndroadarevisible.
llcn:,as,.·cll asat theArcllof Septimius Sevcrus, it i5oompoeed oflarg~::!lri1QOthma$$C$of
lav::r.,all theacuteangle:sbeingrounded,andtheformsofthestoncsa.ssoncdtoeaehother,sou tofonn
asurlaceatonc:esolidV~de;>Syoftraffic.. UndcrtheArchofConstantinc,and thcaideopeningtofthc
An::h of Septimius Se\.~rus, it ""3!1 found in 1817 to be formed of L1rge flat bloek$ of white marble, ill
::n~":V:C:
011 ~teell
feet lo11g, but the roadway at the Ardl of Collll:l.ntinc i5 110w pavod with the
T his TR IUMP H A L ARCH was raised by the Sen.1te and Roman People in honour of T ITUS,
110, 1'.:" but as this
inscriptiondOCil notalludetotheArch.ortotheconquest of judca,andwas found a t ..ocons i dcro~blea
distam:e,itdOCilllOtprob:r.blybclong.orrcfcr tQ it,anymorethanthemanymcd.11swhich bcar testimony
th.u Tnjan vlled the T emple of l'allas (now
consideredtoltavebeelltheForumTransitorium).said toha•·e b«n erected by him. llo.,·ever, from
thecx~~ion"Divo"intheinscription,andthe:aJ>theosisoftheEmpo::ror,rcprescntedinthe50ffi t o f
theArdl.wemay(f.lthcrthatitwasapo:sthumoustributc.
The extcriM ii composed of massh"e bk>cksof white Parosln:lrble,mostv:quisitelywori:ed:~nd
oonstructcd;thebcd5andendsarelinclypolisbed,;mdsowelllittcd,th.atinm.3nypl:u:esthejoinllare
scareely pe!'IX'ptible; ;and, though the earliest instance remaining of a Rornan T riutn]>hal Areh, and
roruistingofbu t
:~_.jngleO!>Cning.stillitisoneofthcmostbe:autifulmonumentsoft~tdescriptiontha t
time.orthedestructive~ndofman,havesp:ue:k
------ -

OF THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF TITUS
PLATE II.
APTHMadmiringtheeastern fareof thisedifire,and passing through iUI clabomtelydccor.~tedarchw:J.y,
we mturnllyturn to view the pn:sc:nt state of the other side, toward the Forum. Here we have to
lamentst.illgreaterdest.ruct.ionthanwehaveb

OF THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF TITUS
PLATE III
PLAN AND EL EVATION OF THE 1\RCI-I, I N PA RT RESTORED
IN this PLlte aregi""n th~!
plan and elevation, showing the proportion of the Arch when it wu
oomple~ • T he whole mass,- restoring the attic cornice, of which there are, however, no remai..,.,-
~!.o':[:;~f\';~i;:~J~i~=::.;;n~~\:'::~f~;-:~~n::n ::::: ~~~~;:~~~~=
Thu1 Wt.ecm to have been rem:u-ked bySerlioorDus:odeu:: forth.cforrnerasseru,
:!:::!7proja:tthreequartersoftheirdiamctcr; 'll'hilethelattcraffinns, th.1tthcyprojec:tonly
Thearchivohbcingomamentedonlyinasmallparttotherightofthekey-•tone,tn:~y~
:~=~~tthco;u510moftheanc:icnts"·astocutmanyo(theornament5aftcrthcbuilding
'h io_,........,IOthiodoniXIo..-lilolaud.
~::l:~~lc~-=~-===:~~~::~~=
__..,_lhc ...... ubotbo- ArthJTit .... i:t~ud ..... JTnjouo,.,.....lhcpnnJI\.IK'Oila{_l'lal .. XXVIC
J(X\)(~..-...... Ihcw;ptJihcpodlftbo--..MdJihcArd!,wtDdtb>dfllpoo/...otonlor.'"""
_,_koul......,,_thchcichtfllti>ehtW'Iolol>e

OF TilE J"klU\II'Ht\li .\R

OF THE TRIUMPHAL. t\RCII OF TITU::i
do not ~fll!ll: each Ot~r. It may appe:ar to SOflle
dentclsandmodiUions,t:l.keawayallreposefromtheeye.H
PL ATE V I.
TnE ~matium of I~ cornice A is much mutilated, as here shown; but sufficient remain~ to decide the
clwactcrofitsornamenq.,whichoonsistedofsepanto:le.aves,eacll..:v.::nindleainextent;with
:=:~les in thc:m alternately, as at n. Scrlio particularly eulogizes this moulding and its
The front of thecarona Cis •·crydttplyand minutely cut, Ill appc:o.rs by the.ec:tion of that
orn:~ment, D. lri s difficuhtoim.~ginc "'hat these ornaments arc intcmletl to reprcso:nt, but they are
found inn1..~nyof the Romancxample!iudccorntionsforthismcmber,thoughtheyv:~ryalilllein their
forms and proportions
Eis the section of the soffi t of the corona., and I the plan of the same; tbccoffcn an":deq,ly
~:n~b::~ .ha~ a v:~riety of !lowers in them: one of the specimens is here shown, and two mcwe
The modillions ure peculiarly f:1nciful and pleasing in their design: the lntrodt•ction of fish
entwining together, in&tead of the leaves usually pt.:..ced :u om:1meot ~od :ljlparcnt '"'PJX>rl to th.c
modillion,mayhaveiOmerefcrcneetothenavalpg.rtoftheconqucSicommcmorntedbythisArch.
Fistl>ert:pn:sc:ntationoftheside,Gofthefront,and H theplanofthemodillion.
Th.eove&, K,are:verydecplycutandrclieved: therimsareplainonthcirfaa:,th.-.ti...,withouttbc
lluteob.crvableinmanyotherexamples.
Thelo..,·ermemberofthecomice L haaapeculiardlarac1crofle;U',verygr:u;dulioitsforml.
M,theuppermemberoftheardtitra~.basaboapecu!iar,thoughdilfcrentch.~rnc:tcl"fromthelast
membcr,thc:facebcingneatlyamooth,withnoiiCI!kindicated,and but slightly raised vdnsattheeyt:a
oftheleav01- Thismouklingisalsomuc:happrovedbySerlio.
llythesec:tionaofthesemouldings.andomaments,andth.atofthecomice,P!Oit.,V,..,·iHappearthc:
boldmannerinwhiebthcyarerelicved;anditmaybegenl'r.llly""""rtcd.thattheoutcrOO

PLATE VII.
DETAILS OF TilE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE ARCH
TnmissupposedtobavebeentheliBtinstanoeoftheu!!eofthc:Compoaitc:Order. Its various parts
aresufficientl)·perfecttocompk:tethccapil3l,exccpttheturningo•·ero(thclcaves. Weha,·eprclcrred
:u:ti~~m ;heth~=·ha!~·~~~:;;~ed=~~.rdie••ed,and the ornaments linclycut, and
l'alladioappearssohighlytobaveestecmed this elWilple.a.stohave..:Jected it for his Composite
Otder,cxcepttheheightofthevolutcs.whic:hhenukessmallcr. 1-fca)'S:-
" The dim~ons of the C

01' THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF TITUS
blar>cadtbo...,.,oDdthoocUI~nt"......J ....... t(l(ron,.;v-~a-bodJJ.toe,OI>IImiJihloccth.lo-tbelf=tnl'labeOfllhnn,-'owercthti

OF THE TRIUMI'IIAL ARCH OF TITUS
....., 10 be-&h>.PPJ._....,.aid.-,ODdCDilJ'C~olnaooico~;•hik-oftMm~•""~·otld-wer•
===~~::.:O(O(:~::::~:::u~..,..~~":,~~~wi"::':
::!~:::=..~ro'";:!,"!";;~:!"::~::::=... ~':':'r::':;~..=::
rinnaloo,al\ortlq..-ootalot.Jgclllldonoland>olr"-'.=dowft,I>Otimo&bndcu.llmltliliD

TR I U MPHA L ARC H OF SEPTI M I US SEVE RUS.
PLAT E X I.
VI EW OF THE EAST SIDE OF THE ARCH, TOWARD THE ROMAN FORUM.
PIWCRDI~\0 from the An;h of Titus, which was described in the first Number of this Work, and
pursuingthecourxofthcSou:redWay,wefindoothewestsideofthcForum,andatthe lOot of the
Capitoline Hill,theAn:hoiSEPTIMIUS SEVERUS. It is c:onstructcd of whire matbll:,and has
lhro;:aperttii"CIIOI'opcnings.communiealingwithcacbothcrbylater.:U;arches.
Bythcintaiptionontheatticwcan::inf~lha t theSenate:andRoma n l'eopledcdicatedthis
Triumplul An;h in honour of lhe Emperor Septimius Sevcrus. fOI' the scvc:r::al victorie~ obtained b}' him
intheEast,inc:onjunctioowithhi•lW'o$0R$,CaracalbandGeta.
Spanianusn::l:neslkltCarnca.lla'shatn:d tow;trds hisbrother(li;Q.Sjoncd himlOer.ueGeta'sname
from all public monumeni.B; and this is confirmed by Fontanini, who discovered lhat the fourth line,
Hoptimi., fortissimisque prindpibus,~ was sunk below theonlim~.rysurf:u:c of the m.arble; and by mon:
c,~.rdulobservatiOtl.,hefoundtheholesofthecramP"that!ieeuredtheoriginalinscription,and trae:ed it
to have been MEt l'ublio Septimio Ge~ Czs. J>ontif. " 1\ similar erasure of the m~.me, and also of a
basreliefof thefigureofGeta,isobservabk intheGold.smithiArcb
T hisArchisdcroratedwith four fluted oolumns on each from of thcCompositeOrdcr,dcUched
from the building and placed on pedesWs having pilasters behind them, and iUJiprting a. rich
cnublatu~.ovcrwhichisanatticextendingunintcrru ptedlyinonepanclto theoute r col u mns.
lktweo:n th..c:piloutersarebasreliefs,which,thoughof b;uldesign,nothnvingtheadvant.o.geof
pc:rspectiv.:in thdrdi~tribution, and executed in mth.er an inferior manner, yet an: vcryinten:sting,as
they represent the luiXCSiiful expeditions of Severus against the l'arthians, Arabians, &c.; :.nd the
.,v.,ntsreo:ordedonthemrnaybo:de>.tlytrae«!byrefaencctotbeaccountsofancientauthors.•
Onbotbfa.eesoftheArch,aboV

OF THE TRIUMl'HJ\ L ARCH OF SEI'TI MIUS SEVI~II.U!)
the commcnoement of the Ca11itoline HilL It was conducted by T. Z3ppati, a skilful architect,
who found it necessary to incline the ~urTQUnding wall a little inwards Qll the oorW side, in COMequcntt
~ne~~~em conduit which conducted the Aqua felice to the Capitol, coming in the w;~.y of hi~ 0\":1.1
The mortice holes. hdow the impost, probably were cut for the purpose of inSlult, in order that the sculptun::s might be examined
minutely; the rubbish was also removed from about the Arch at c.ltat time, but shortly after filled
inag:t.in
Behind the Arch arc the prc.ent steps, or inclined planC!I. which IC.'.ld tO the Capitol. At the
commencement of these, to the right. you "'ntcr the Mammcrtinc Prison. where St. Peter was confined
At their summit is seen a pan of on"' of th"' buildings by Miehat:l An;;cl11. which ad001 the three sides
ofth..,squarcoftlu:modemCapitol; it is the Museum of Scul]>turc; oppo!litc it is that of Painting;
and,ont.heea.stside,the:r.partmentsoftheSen..1te,the00ckofwhichcxtend :ICI'O$Sthepictu~.behind
the Arch, an int:gularpilc. The square is approached from the west by a hand!ioOtne broad flight of
fi!CJ"'.deeontedonthe topbrlhetrophicsof Marius,andintheccntrcofit isafineequcstrianstatuc
of Martus Aurdius. The Tower of the Sc~~atc is here cut off by tlte pic:wrc; it is seen en~ in the
view of the Arch of Titus. To the left of the Arch are the ren1

PLATE X III
Tnr.ma.'ISf' thi~ediliooisvcryimposingand grnnd; the length beingseventy•$iXfei:tfour irn:hcsan

Themasonryoftheatticisinlargeblocks.alld more particularlythatoflheouterpiers; the part
ofwhichlcvclwiththedieo!thepedestalshasthrecblocb,thenorthcmoneonlytwo
Totheleftextn:mityare$hownthetwosteps•ofthesideArcltes.attheend toW':ll'lbtheCapitol.
andtheindinedlineofJ"'vcmcntofthecentraiAreh
PLATE XV.
A. The base. a The c:~pital. C. Plan of ditto. D. The section. E. The cn~;~.blature .
mouldingsofthepedestak G. Themouldingsoftheattie.
The leaves of thi:s~:~pital are docidedlythcac:anthus,and diffa-cntirclyfromthoscoftheAn:hof
~tu~:~icharctheolivc. Thcchamct~:riswcllrcprcsen.ted..lhoughtheyarcnotsolindyworl::edou
PLATE XVI.
TilE VAR IOUS MEMilERS. ONE QUARTER THEIR ACTU;\L S IZE
A. Thecimarcvcrsaolthcatticcomic:e,with:oo::tionoftl\t,same.
Thcmouldingsonthecoronaoftheprirw:iJ~alcornicc,andtheuppcrmcmbcrofthe:ucllirr.wc,are
prccisclythes;uneinchar:actcr,andvcrylll':lrly.ointheirdimcnsionswiththis.
R The moulding of thclongpanclinthcattic.
C. Tltemouldingundertheooronaofthemainoomiee.
D. The lower ornament of the impost of the great Arch
~· ;~ ~::: u:~;,~o~c~l~n:7~eo~~: side An:hC$
G. Thecapital,withitsvolute,oneof each of theeightupper:md lower leaves. ranged round the
apit:al. and the small leaf on the vase of it All in their situatiorL• as to height, l:!ut laid out
geometrically.
and ~de T~impost moulding, and archivolt of the arches of o:ommuniation, between the centre
hisunne«ssarytopointoutthepeculi:tritic:aofthesemo .. ldings.thcscaleto"'hichtheyaredrawn
rcndcrsthemsufficicntlycxplanatory
PLATE XV II.
A. The key-stone and .m:hivolt of the central Areh. IJ. Section of thcan;hivolt. C. Profile of the
kc>··s.tone in itspresents~te. D. Theleafonthe501fttofthesaone. E. J>rofilc ofthelr.cr·5tone of
th~stdc Arches. F .. Sccuon of th~ mouldings, over and under the panels beneath the priocipal bas
r.::hcfs. G. The archtvolt and out! me of the lr.cy·6t0nes: the latter are 110 much mutibtcd, that their
design cannot be m3deout. II The impoit and o:offcn of the: ccntnl An.:h,with the S~eetion of the
sam{'. I. The wlfers of the An:hes of o:ommuniation, "'ith th~ir .o;ection, ~nd that of the 3rchi,·olt.
K. Thcimpo,tandcoffcrsof thesidcAn:hes,withtheirscction

OF THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF SEI>T IMIUS SEVERUS
PLATE XVIII.
THE liAS J{ELJEFS ON TH~H~A~~:~~IE OF Till~ ARCH, TOWARD
PLATE XIX
THE BAS RELIEFS ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE ARCH, TOWARD
THE CAP I TOl ~
Tn ~tabove lasrc l ief•;ue~ucidated by HERODIAN in h.is third book. ,..hetl= he minutely describes
al ltheevent.a t tend i ng th etec:xped i rioos ol Scvcrus tothe~;andrhbill them
~ ':::.:.-a!!:-!::=::::~~-:.-~bho.:::,~-..-'::;!
~~::~=~~::::~-~·~;~==~~::;~
§§i~~~t~~~§§~~~~1t~
"""'•plo«.l"'lho"'iMirofadearn,UH!IoDJ.;,.,.,abooadao

OF THE TRIUMPIIAL ARCH OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
ontbei:rknea(t;);LhtoEcJpL
~lnu.e,_.,J>,~o.D.:ool,Sntrwrrtun>tdl(lltomcwilhhil-; hotccldnteolkll

OF T H E A RCI-1" OF TH E GO LDSMITHS.
PLAT E XX.
TmJ Arcll wu m:etrd by the Goldsmiths and Mcn;ha.na. in~bi~;U~ t:S of the: Pooun &.mum, and
dedica~ed toSeptimim Sevenas:ond hi. family, as appears by the inxription on ita iOUth front,t in
honour ollhe:signal •·ictoOes obuined by him in ll1e E:u;t,which are particubrlyrclerred to on the
Archr:aised to him in thei'Utle)=r, by the Senate and Pc:ople,intbcRomanFOOJ.m,•hidlhasbecn
:dreulytleocribed. ltissaid%toha~fonncdtheNrtf~~atotbeForumBoarium,IOcilledfromthe
smtueofabull,ofA::gin:~mctal.whieh"""'PI.aoedlhere,and is alluded tobyOvid,inhisFasti,"Area
quzpositodellovenomenhabet;"alsoby Tacitus. in thetlo!elfthofhisAnru.ls."aforo Boorioubi
~mt:aurisin•ul;u;nunconsp icimus;";mdby l'! inyin his~hook.S{>Qkingo ftho:blar~dof
tEgin.1.."Uo.:.:rePS indc:captusin foroiloa.rioest Roma,hie cste>:cmJ'brJEgineticill!ris." Wem:~y
infcrfromtheaho\'C,tlu.tthcForum"-ascallcd Boorium,frornthemnue; andnotfromitsha.vingbeen
:amarkctfor o"cn,as iscommonly•uppooed : suchaplaccwwld notha\'e been the probablcabodeof
~n~:~':n~::md Goled,lwhi,hprobablyn:p,_,ntedthr:figureofGcta
The view is taken (l'l)m a spot ncar theAn:hofjanus Qu.'lsed: on the west
~-nd, a a.ptive in chains, followed by Roman soldiers, and under that a fragment of 1CUlpture. aaid to
haven::f)feS(:nted Romulus,romJJI(:ncingfromthilspotwithhisploughtom.:arkoutthecity.
ThcoJit:ningiscove~ ..·i thlbtsbl>!lofmarble,dividOOintocightcencoffen.otn:~mentcdwitha
=rietyofi'O$CII,&c. The!IOifitofth.ean:hitraveisalsopanelled,nndomamcntedwithfoliagc.
The parw:l between the pilasters on the south front, appear~~ tO have had n single ~t.1 t uc, of which
theindic.ationofthe headn!oRCnowremains:overit,onthe p.ll'lcl between thecapitalsofthcpil:l!oters,
wn•afcstoonsupportedbyVict.ories,similarto thoseundertheopcning: thisisnow.-.:moved,and
repl~c.:-o:l by R 11!ain stone.
•l'booweJiatilloooiArrA,beq..,._.uyJI>a,itioben:odop

OF TilE .\RCH OF THE GOLDSM ITHS
PLATE XX I.
SOUTH ELEVATION AND !'LAN, WIT!·! THE COFFERS, &c.
INthisclc...,.tion,thepierrothcright,whichisconemlcdinthcwnllofthechurcll,isrestored,togive
thcproportionofthe~tMcxtcntofthewmiccbcingequaltothewholeheight.
The pcdcstlls are of trn-"Crtine stone. The dies are two-thirds of their height in width, a
proportion commended by Palbdio; but as used in tbisin5tanoeand embracing twopiL-.sters,thcy3re
toop~lominant:andprobablyw~adoptedwiththeintentionofpreservingthesculpturefromthc
rcachofinjurybyp:assengen;. Thewmioeofthepedestals.and thewholeofthesuperstrucrure,are
of white marbk. TM opening between the pil:lstcn:appearstohavebccnthe regulation for their
height.• The entablature is formed more in proportion tothehelghtofthe ...·holeedilice,thantoth:r.t
oftheOrdeT.forwhieh it is far too heavy, beingcoruidernblymorethan a third ofthehcightofthe
pibsters: whereastotheArcllinthcFOnJm ROm.:lllum,builtatthesame period. and to the others at
Rome. the entablature is less !han a quarteT of tM Might of the column. TM pibsters on this front
:m:ekvendiametefSinheight.thoughontheirrctumstheyarebut scvendiamcten. Onthephn,the
dc:pthoftheopeningist..-o-thirdsof itswidth,thepilastt.onareformed inoneblockfromtheirbasesto
theeapital,andthepanelsareeaehlilled"·ithasbbofmarb\e,aboutsixinehesthick,securedbya
grooveinthepibsters; thebodyofthepicr isfonncdofi"'URh nwonryand brick. The:uclliua•-e
and friezeisinON:block in height, and theu.blctfortbeill5Criptioninone.olidtlieee. Thecomi~
appcantoh.webeeninfourblocko.,exhthe11'holeheight.
PLATE XX II.
A Tu~sectionof themstsideoftheopening.
Thepilastcn.:u-eo:onsiderablywiderth:r.non thefront.,bc:ingone-sc•·enthoftheirheight,andare
orn:unentcdwithscrollso f fol~1gt=in bold n::lie:f,springingfromadu ter of ka•·es.andeaehsunnounted
~: =~~~~ ....,=:;v::~=i~ as:::~ycdh~sn ~;:' ;~:: :n:CT~;edth:7!!
instruments used in s;~crifice,tdelieatelysculptured: and below them is thebottompand.onwhiehis
~own th~ vktim. and ~pantion for sacrifice: it i1 mud! mutibtcd; between the capitals of tht:
::::
polastcrs,osafestoonoffrullandflowers,bomebytwowing.-dfcm.Uc:s. Thefric:zeisonwnentedwith
a.crolloffoli;tg".highlyrclicved,ofthesamecharnctcruthatin PbteXXV.
B. Elevation of the west end. The an:hiteewr.al ammgemcnt and deo:oration ~ similar to the
sc:ctiona. lntheprincipalpanelisacapti•·einch.lins,guardedbyt•"OIIoidiers:underil.instrumentsof
=:=0~n1:~~~~~in;~:~~rr=~~;~cttoofbesa~~::u:..~'lla~i!:ep=~
muc:hmutilatcdtobedearl)·discerned.
C. Scction oft.hcwestsideoftheopening.
The principal ~""

01' THE ARCH OF THE GOLDSM ITHS.
PLAT E X X III.
T H E ORDER AND DETAILS, WI TH THEIR ADMEASUREMENTS
A. Theoomiceofthepedestals.
~ ~~ :::.. o! r~e~~whidt continue m1111d the piers.
D.Theapitalofthepibstera,&c.tow

OF THE ARCH OF TRAJAN. AT ANCONA.
PLATE XXVI.
Tm:inscriptiononthesouthsideof theAn:h•informs us,th:r.titwa.serected to the honour of Tr.~.jan,
on theoc:casioo of his completing this port; whkh it bornted by Dion.t who says. that in the
nine~~:enth year of his reign. A.D. 116, Lucius tElius l..:uniol and 1Eii:ut11!1 Vcrus being consuls, the
Senate and Roman People n:tumed the Emperor solemn tlwlb for ha•·ing faci!iuucdtheentryinto
ltdy. onthesideoftheAt!riaticSea,byaportm;~debyhisorde r atAnoona..
Thc:ArchisofsmalldimcnsioRs,buihofwhitcmarble.and oon!listsoCbutoneopening,whiroportiunsabovcthatlinean::mOf'C c:onfonna.bletothepriocipksoi;J.crved in other Arches. hbears
lilncn:>.:mblance totheAn:h ofTitU!I in il!l gener.~.l dispoailion, having four columns to each front,
n.:tuminginthcs:uncm.o.nncrattheangles,and havingtlblcr.slx:twccn the outer ones: th.,;eoolumm;
:ueoltheCorinthianorder :thewholeisiUrmountcdbyananicll·ithoroelargepal>C'Iinthcccntn:.
Thekcy""lilone ovcrtheAr~kenfromthepoh.lookingtoward thctown,whio:hliesprincipallytotheright,outof
thepicmn:. T he causew:ayforming the mole still remains, but is encumbered with a parapet,whio:h
hidup.vtofthcAr

OF TilE ARCH Or-
T RAJAI", AT ANCONA.
'""~~~~":J;:,";r:£.;;::~:,,:::1~::~ ~;:~::•·::~~:,,,::
nearly a..• described by i'aJL1dio;• Olle half the opening of the An:h in hci~:ht. The mJ.sOIII)' is
C(lmposo:dofb.rgebloc:Qofmarble,uindicatedontheelevation': thec:oul'1iC!Ifn.:qucntlyan::inone
block, th~ whole llize o( the piers; the joints :u-e very liel}' ~ttcd without cement.
Thcsouthfromhasthein:ocriptionsontheattic;andthcla~pancl in thenQflb fronth.~•crn mJ>
holcs.towhichsomcbronzcomamentsappcarto!mvcbccnatt.lched
~r ;;~c ~~~~i:.Sm~ ,;~~~~: :: ~h~~~:.tsn:~'!:idcs also hdd festoons of bronze, :u~

OF THE ARCH OF CONSTANTINE.
PLATE XXX.
V I EW FROM THE SOUT H -EAST
AIIOtrT nine miles from Rome. on the OOnh of the Tiber, at a pbce c:~.lled San Rubr:a (Red Rocks),
and:~littlc :abc;n.-e theEmperorharnnguing his soldiers; and, at last,
Trajanoffcringsacrificcca!leds/IIQIJt/olfrilia.
Thefourb:asrelicfsintheattic,bcrweenthc st:r.tiU:s upon the nonh front,rcprcsemthetriumphal
en try of Tr:r.jan into Rome li-The Appian way, lengthened by him to Urundu$ium-the same Emperor
fL~d ing the hungry throughout haly-;tnd Trojan 1upplic:\led by Parthcln.'ISire to restore him the
kingdomof Annenia.takcnfromhisfather
~G~~!e_-•JS.AJIII.._not~bltto6"'1'ath

OF THE ARCH OF CONSTANTINE
pavi~ r:::.:~~;rt ::.~~:::rch~~·~U:yl.orcnmdi Mcdici,...,dtakcn toFion..'11cc: but this is
nottobebclie~,asoncoftheheads"""-~diMoveredamongtbeearth,ar>dnowCiononitspedesc.l: "AdAm.-."
T otherightcitheArcharethcl'

PLATE XXX II I.
SECTION TH ROUGH THE CENTRE, AND E LEVATION OF T il E EAST END
OF THE ARCH
TH~~:projoctionofthecolumnsandentabbtun:,pcdeoolalsandmtucs,;m:hcn:shown,andtheclwnber
intheatticoverlheArcht:s: thesoffitofthecentrt:An;h,as~lutheothera,is..,.ithoutomament
themasonryi:sshownonthedrawings;tJutoflhcintcriorisvcryirregulat;andmanyfrngmcntsof
otherbuildings.ascomioes,&c.an:secninucendinglhestaitax,anditttheclwnberabove,.!IOIDCOf
whicharefinclyexecuted. Thischambercxtendsthewbolek:ngthofthc:mic,and is constructed of
~ ;~x~: :X~~X The IO.llptute, both in the acction and elevation, is delaibc:d in
PLAT E XXX IV
A. T hcbaseandcapitllof thecolumn
~ ~~e~ta:t:~T he upp!!r mcmbc:rof the cornice has been eut away.
D. Mooldingsofthepedestals.
E. Mouklingsoftheattic.
F. lmpostandarchivoltofthesideArches.
PLATE XXX V
1\. Theimpostoftheprincipa.IAn:h.
~: ~~ ~~~~~~~ ::::~~:f(Wla.
D. Avarietyindino,onthenortbside.
Theimpost islinclyexecuted, and the modillioll5 are dccor.lt.ed with various&affits,inwhichare
disa.'lllibleeagles.fish,arnlrnen: itisevidentlyrcmovedfrom110meothcredifioe.
Thearchi,·olts:arerudc!yworked,u.ndof Const:lfltioo'sp.:riod.

OF HIE ARCH OF CO~e"·ho!elcngthoftheatlic,andare,fromthcirbold•tyle
ofrelid,we!lc:oleul:nedfO'I'thatsitu;>tion,,.·hicllis"-videntfromtfloo.;,nowremaininginthceneothcrtwoarepbced undcrtheoemrulopcning; the
onemarlredA,onlhcca$tsidc.su.rmountcd bythcinseription, FUNOATORI QUJETIS; the one
marked 8, on the west side, under the inscription, LIBERATOR! URBIS. T l>e .,.bjeet is the
ddc;atolDeceJ.Wus. KingofthcOacians,onthebanksoltheO:u!ube,annoDorniniros,whonot
being able to with$tand the EmperorT~jan by open fon:c. had nxourse to W"ILS builtin hisownfOOllll,toJ'CI'PC'uatc thcmcmoryof his
COI1(jlle$U;; and the people of Rome m:odeprepar.~.tionstort:laintheRomansandPanhi:>ns,heasccndcdahighthrone,and

PLATE XXXIX.
l' llF.!llt medallions M"e each in one block of marble. eight feet in diameter. A. repn:sents TRt\jAN
going to, and C in. the chase. B. the &arne Empei'Ot' s.1crificing to Apollo; and 0, to Diana.. E, is
theme.:lalliononth.eeastend,anda]>pearlltobeof the 1w:riod of Constantine, and to be a srrnbolic:ol
rt:i>rt:5enlationofthemoming
PLATE XL.
\,Rr.PRf.l>EJ

OF TI-lE PANTHEO N, ROME.
PLATE XLI.
Trns superb edifice is situated in thC'Ympoa Manius: itnowlo.o:s much of its imposingrffectfrom
beingi!ICilmberedbythellous.esofmodcmsu..ets,whichl"""'da:oetoits~:lndin•frontby
ao;ommonmarkec·pbtt,keptcontinWLilyin:afilthystate,andcroordcdbythelowerd.ules.as•·ctlas
fromtheaccwnulationofthcgroundthathasburicdnearlyallthesu:pswhic:hledtoitllm:lgnifi.otnt
portieo,ju$tlyC'On$ideredthe~~ofart. Theinscriptiononthefrieze.
:ocqu;Unu;usth:>ltheportico,atle:ast,of lhi!I T emplcwasenxtedbyhim. The opinions of antiqu.~ ri es
bcingvariousaatowhatportionofthcedif~ee isatlributabletoAgrippa.we slull prooeed to examine
intoit5hi$tory,~.andvoui0Ullchanga
Among the artists who ha'~ considered this cdilic:e is the great Michad Angelo, who mentiOM
th~difrerentepoeh:e;oneforthcponico,oneforthcintcrio r ordernnd n rmngemcnt,andanothcrfor
the superior or attic. s~..-lio. l'alladio, Dc~cu, Fontan.~. Milizia, the Ab~ Uggcri. and l'ir.mcsi.
!lave produced mllnydesignsandstudies; lkmontioso, Lipsius, Lau.ari,and tho:wholeoftheLOJIO'­
grnphers of Rome, h;tve pn.>fusely spoken of iL. but none with more method or more clearness th;in
Signor Hin:• ;uH], followinghismcthod,weshallbeablctouniteandarr.mgeRil then:~o:ction swhich
~)!~:.:::to give a proper ide.a of the subject, and at the same time reconcile the v.~ri0111 opinions of
lnthelimpbc:r.ititrocc:euarytoc»nsidetwbowasthebuilderofthePantheon: andform.1ny
~swe•ttn'bu tei Lt oAgrippa. Ro~.aa:(lrdingtoPlin}·,Pluan:h,Str:Wo.&c.,hadnootedifia:sof
..,ch~licenceandworlcm:uu.hipbcforethetimeofSylla:i tisceru.inthereweremanybuildings
befon:th:attime,but.acconling Loseveral:KCUraU:wriu:rs,the.Templeof Fortun:aPrene&tiruo,ILIKlth:o.t
of Jupitt'r'C:apilolious.were.the firstU:mples th:o.twereparticularlydistioguished. forlhe.ircleganceand
for their ornarnenu:. At thU time ,..., might mention other admirable: structures from hi:swy. ,.·here
theyarealludcdtoandd...aibed:butthePanthcon,whichisuoiqueandpeculi,.,.iniu:construction,is
nootmc.'tltioned hyanyonebeforethetimeoft\grippa.althoughtbeyhavedescribedotbubuildiii}:Sof
inferiorm>.gniftc:Cnee.
l'hese. ~rvationJ are stn:ngthened by Vim.tvius.t who writes an aecount of the various •wits
exeeuteduptnthefirst}'G1'110fAugw;tus.anddoe'lnotmentionthel'antheon,oranyvault of asimibr
kind,whieh,h;odito;:xistedatthetimc,hewoold not have f:Ulctl toptaiseanddesc:ribe: ;uH]furtherby
l'liny.•·ho, in his mention of the edifioe.t hints at the novelty of the form of i~ vault. Plin}' also
A)'S,fthatthePantlleonwas builtbyAgrippa,and dedicated toJupitertheA,·en~r: all of which
&ef'Vestoprovethatthewholeoftheedificewasen:ctedbyhim. From:apassa~ofDionaeontrary
a'l:"rnentisdrawn bysome. forhcsa)'SII Agripp:t renninated thcl'antheoo: but by this he does not
deny that he (Ommcno:

placed inthcexteriorofthecdificc.inolltu~
WOllld:LC«;,afurekgofahorsc,andJ>artOfthcwhcdofamtulch:uiot.
whioliiUm. \\.eabolcam from Pliny.~
that this Temple was ornamented with statues, the work of Diogcnes the Athenian, which he pr.U..cd,
althoughfromtheirheighttheywcrenotsufficientiytii~rniblc. Thesestatuesan:supposcd by some
tohavebecnplacedontheacrotcrn::ofthepo:diment,arnlwouldhaveconsidcr.tblyimprovedthccffcct
oftheportico-althoughtheywere notprobaLiydesiW~etlforthissituation,itnotbcingcu=ryto
1'13cccaf)"atidcsonpcdiments. T hcinscriptiononthefriezewasfdledwithlcttcr.~alsoof bronze; and
weseeanotherinscription,insmallerlettcrs,onthetwoupperfacesofthearchitrnve;
whichdescribesthatScptimiusSc:verusand Marcust\un:liuscaused theedificctobcrcpain:d: but no
altcrntionsinitsexteriorappear:mribut:tblctothem
Thecampanil.,,whicbarconthem3.!1Sbchind the portico, and disfigure the building, were erected
byBernini,underPopeUrbanVIII,whocutawaytheccntralpartofthccomiceoftheupper
pediment. and that part of lhe wail, in onkrto fonn proj~-ction1 to n:o:ive hi~ to•crs.•• Entering the
portiw,we lind it divided intothrtt naves,theru.L.tingolthrec:intcroolumniacions,and
terminated bythegr.uul door·"ar: thesidcone~~cachoftwointcrcolumniations,tcrminated by niches,
inoneofwhichwasJI!:u:cdthcM:ltucofAu~tus.andintheotherthottufAgrippa:t+ Com:sponding
,.·iththcintemalcolumns,arepbcalpilastcrs in,.hitc marbk>,lluted, and the walls between them are
urn:unemed'ltithbasre!iefs.rq.resentingf.,.,toonsllithe~ndelabra:,&:leudOC..Iapici,acc~.patc:r.J:,litui,
capcduncul:r, Mpergilli, and oth"r II:I.Cft.-d urcn~~"- all of which sc:n·e to pnl\'e that the: Pantheon was
reallyatcmvlc: thcsc5at~~eom:una•barcsc:cn also bct"·ccn the pi~n oftheutcrior. The tfutt
n:l\'c53ppcu'toha\'Cbecncoveredwithbronzc;thcccntrnldivi:.ionprob;ILiy"·..s•-aultOO,to~pond
wilhthearchof ma!OIIryoverthcentrano:c; thesi

OF THE rANTHEON. AT ROME
li:mnlhefOIIreolurnnsofc.bec:onfessionalofSaintPeler's,intbcVatican;aswellasiOmCcanoon,onc:
~ t7!i:l!:in~~~is ~~::~~an:c17~on~;~t;~:. ;,:one:.":.::~t;~::
manean..,..~lylift; another in the museum of !.he King of Prussia; and one in tbcCas.~ Stroui,
~~~:~o!·~~~~:!i~ 3 :~ ~~~e~~;~ ~::ndE!;~~ ~·~i~~w;i~~~ru9:;;::. ~n~~ w!:~~
We now ~orne to 11 desaiption of lhc ecll of the Temple, c.bc wal!~ of wbicllare above twenty feet
inthicknCP,andbuiltofcJntsiM~r/um,strenglhcncdcvcryc.brcefcetinhcightwithalayerof tila,thc
.,.ocight over e~ch opening being diseh:lrgcl by arclles fonrn..-d also of tilea; c.bc dome is COfl.!llruct~~~ in a
similarmanne r,dimini~hingbydcg~tothcthicl:ncssoffivcfeetatthetop,.,.·ithanopcningofthirty
feet in di:r.mcter. The outside 1\Q been CO\'Cred wilh stucco, and probably w:u 01'1\aM>Cntcd by two
IOlll{:CSOfpil~~>ters.asrcpresentedbyPall;w:lio;butofthcscc.bcrearenownon:ma.ins.
bct"'~:ec.b~~~:; ~~e t~;,:onieo does not unite with the body of the building, and there it a •pace
Th eentr:oncetothe TCJJ~pleisthroughagrarKidoor·.,..y.lhirty-ninef~hit:hand nint:ICCnfcct
wideintheclearbo:twec:nc.bean:hitr.avo:s.W"hicharcofmarbleinlllllid blocks: c.biS.l]llll:l:'ilfillcdupby
mctalfoklingdoon.wic.bpi~tefllandfriue,o\·erwhichthelightisadmittcdthroughmo:talpc:rfor:at

OF THE I'ANTHEON. AT ROME
colours: ~nd in their ccntn::s are eight :oll:lt!l, on peoksWs, with angub.r and circubr pediments
ah.c:matdy. Thctwooolumnsonthe sideolthegmnd altuOJl1l'OIIIiteth.,entrance~projecting,and
their fluting differs from the others. Tt>c: i'ikastcrs round th.e nicbc:s areof,.diffcrentmarble.called
~:·:~~~;~~~~~::~v~!~1~~=·:~~~~7:S:~~~r: t~~~~~~il~~~=
the ~mains of the ancient marbles, in the fonn represented in l'late XLI I. T he circles are of
porphyry and gr:anitealtemately,each in one pi~-ce: the band:! arcoomposcd of _v:.rious marbles. Under
theporticolhegreaterpa.rtofthepavc:mcntisdestroyed,andrepairedwithhnck.
J"hewholeisinundatcdgenerally,inlhccourseoftheyear,durinl:"thcfloodstowhichtheTibcris
~:~; ~~~.,':~n! ~ ~=~Yu= :~ :~~~=:~=~~~~ n;:;~, :u ~= e':~~~~w~~~~:k~
infromoneofthc.sidech.apclsis,asitwere.m."lg'ieal
Somewalls,bclongingiOtheB.athsofAgri]lp."l,areattachcdtotl•eoui.Sideofthcccll,andnowfonn
lhe &OK:rist}·: but as there is no origin~ oommunication from these to tl•c Temple. it is not prob;.!.ble that
itfonncd anypanoftheBaths,as50f1leha•·esupposo:d.
Ocmcnt I X. enclosed the portico with the cumbrous iron railing between the eolwnns sb

Tbcponico is()(b..~l)'le,
bcingone hundn:d and ten fc.:t in extenl, 10 theouaidc of tho51ullliof
thellngUIl
whiehtheponiooisplaa:d;andrisc:sinfronttofonnapediment,tbeoentralpa.n.of•-hichw;wc:ut
a.,.,.y,andthewallrcc:cuc:d.tOformb~sunder thetwotowcrlcroc:tcdbylkmini,whichare
purposely omitted in theelevation.~thcywouldconceal thedon>e: theupl'eroomi~abocontinu,~
roundtheprojeo:tionaboveit. ThewaUwhichrilaasa plinth tothedomc,n:croc.tcnfcetfromthe
faceofthcmainwall. The dome is funhcr strengthened by six other d~'g'l'CCI. now unequal in fii~;
and above them it nssurn~ its globubr form. T he whole is now covered with lead, except the rim to
~:r:::;;;;n the •ummit; it is surrounded by plates of bronze. with which the whole is said tO have
T heelev:~tionof theportiooi~dC$Cl'ibed i n l'blC XLIV
lnthesectionarclhownthepil:.stcrs.whicharcattachedtothcprojectionbc:hindtheportico.
TheyhavOUld1
Thcdoorw'.tyis"""'!particuLulyrcpresentedinPLlteXLIX.
PLATE XLIV.

OF THE I'ANT!llm!\. AT KOME
Thclowcrdi:unetcrbeingon :ut avcngcfourfeo..'tck:vcninchCII,and theuppc:roncfourfectthree
inchdlivetcnth.!,c;ausesthcdiminutiontoucordalsowiththetulcsoiVitruviu!l.•
Thecnt.uisorswellingofthesh:Utof theseoolumnsisvcryperoeptible; but, from the dc:c:ay of
some,andcncumb~ncesanachedtnothcn,isdiflicuhtnbcaceurotdy~rt:ained.
The. capital isaliulcmorcinheightthanthelo.reTV IIl ,whichmayacc:o~~ntforthe

OF THE PANTt-lEON AT ROMF
PLATE XLVI.
DETAILS OF THE ENTABLATURE, liASES, &c. OF T I-lE I'OR TICO .
• ~ ......... _ .. proponloDed,lhal,iloeJodmell>t>IK,,a lho •oh" .. •t>ri•~
~:::"~'~":';..--:.:.:.~~~-=~"::~=~-=-~.:·.:~-~·~::.:~1

OF TilE I'A:O:THEON. AT ROME
is less.
"TI>orcm;~inde r,whcn thethickne>i$ofthe:lb;acusisck•ducted,isdividcdintothrcep:uu;of
whichoncisgivcntothelowerleaves; thcS«

angl:: :~:~~e,~=~:'!c:'~~he7.,;::: through over the duor·way Ql1!11c inside•
T~an:hitnavcn)Und
thi,doorwaylllofwhitcm:~. rble,as"·elluthefrien:andromioeoverthe
~if~~1~~:.~::~~~.. ~:::::::~ ~t }~2=~~:!.~~::;::~~:...~:~~0::~::
~~~~~~~~~~;,~~~~i~~~t£1fg§:g:;:x~:;~~0,:;
but ,f,~ ~~.~~~~~ .. ~~ ~v;~l:n~ d= 11 a~e t:~v; =:.:;·~i::fi;'; ;~~h~ ~~~~~. ~:c~:: ~:, :;~:~
::;:'7h:e~~c:::.•ti~ ~a l :u~~::;:;U~k~~ ins;:;';; ~ ~~:s ~.::;~::::~o{l~~~:~",~
~ityofdimin~hing it-• width :o.t the top, which isal!Klac:a>rding w hi~ rule. The an tc~ents. or
pmbs. a~ leu than he pr~ibes. T lu: mouldings an.! enriduncnts of these jambs and o{ the oorn~
~ on his 1.nncipl~ g.ngement-
Tbcn: =-~ no"anoonsor proth)Tidcs'' {trusses) in thiscnmple.

OF TI-l E PANTHEON, AT ROME
PLAT E L.
ON E OF THE BAS-RELIEF S IN T il E !'A NELS AT T H E SIDES OF THE
T !IKSEpanelsa~eachinonesl:~bof marble,si1f f

OF THE PANTHEON, AT ROME
~Lu~:~i~!i:~;:,n~:t 1 ed~:e ~:~u~y~~~iq~::~ :.~~;r;:;~::m:~'\~ "!
t~~~§~iiE1~~F~~s~;.~~~~~:~~.~~2~~~
The n~Kt solid or ":"11 with pilaster.;, and the small temple with ~ cin:ubr pediment, is ne:.rly 1imilar
:~~~~~~;~:;:S~~~~h:x;:~~~~~~~~; C:~~:: ~::! ~~h~r~~~~~w~lg:n~~-~~::~:~~
We next «>me toone of thcl.:!.rge cin:ular rccesscs.whithis .. domedwith column~ and pilasters
of p.woMUdto, which might h:wc bc

OF THE I'ANTHEON AT ROM£
PLAT E LIII.
To the right is represented half the interiorofthcentrancedoor-way;:md tothc:l

OF THE PANTHEON, AT ROME.
PLATE LV.
I'I ER NEXT THE ENTRANCE, \VIT I! THE LITTLE 1\ I..TAR: I'ART OF TI-lt
ADJO INI NG RECESS : AND ATTIC OV ER THE WHOLE
Tms includes the decomtioo of the whole height of a portion of the interior wall$, from the s~

TEMPLE OF ANTONJNUS AND FAUSTI NA.
IN ITS PRESENT STATE
PLATE LVII.
Os the 5:)(:.-ed W:a)'· in or near to the Forum Ronu.num, is the Temple r.tUed by the Scn:!.le to
Antoninus.andF:mstin:ahis.,.ifc,ru.theimtriptiononlhcan:hitraveimporu.
The portico«>nsists of ten colum~. six of which form the front o( the Temple. The .shafts of
tbcsecolumnsareofcippolinomarble,each in011epiec:e.fourfc:et ten inches three tenths indi:unetcr.
:mdthirt)··dght fcetthrceinc~onctcnthinhcighL Thismarblcissuppoeed•toh:avc~nbrought
front Ca1)5b.oncof the C)·clade~~ Island., in thcA~gean Sa.: and alluded to byStatius.t ··~on to:.
aaxosa.Caryste;" and also by Lucan.:•·Qulm.arisangu~tat faucc:ssaxos:;~ C:ar)~tos." The green veins,
orl:lycrs.ofwhichitisromposed,an:jusllycompared,bythcformcrpoc:t,t.othew;~vcsofthcsea,MEt
Chios,ctg

01' TilE TEMPLE OF ANT ON I NUS AND FAUSTINA.
PLATE LVIII.
lstllisl'bn,theanciemparu:~rqJ«Sentcdbyadarkcrtiut:the"''H"oftllecdlwhichrcmainarc
uncqualintl>cirlcn~o.cns, and dedic:ated to Mi""""' Polias; alw one at Sunium. dedicated to l'allu:
anotherinRome,toCa.met. The first only o( thesoe temples r=Wns.
lnthecxca...,tiontsome l'ieccsofthemarblestcps"'·o:rcdi$covercd,thchcightofwhichw..,nine
ine~ and a qu.>.ner. T he "'hole height, from lhc lc~-cl of the Sacr~:d Way to the pa11Cment of the
JII'OMC». being sixtcoffi feet four im:hcs live tenths, gi~'C!I the number of twcnry-one stepa f...- the
~pprooch rothi• Temple, which is confirmed by the space, and further by the aituati.,n of two, clearly
tlisc:o:milole in the !ICC!ion U, Plate LIX. The une1lCn number of stq,. ia confornu.ble tO the prec:epta
ofVitrnvius.fwllomakesthcmso.thatthoscwhoasa:nd marplaccthcriglnfootonlhcfil'$11iiCJ).:Uid
b.ntlwilhlheoameonthepronaos.
PLATE LIX.

OF THE TEMPLE OF ANTON INUS AND FAUSTINA
lhecentrt-,atthep:wement.touchinglhe;mglesofthecomice; which abo makesthewt.olehcightof
thcportiweqll

OF T ilE TE~tPLE
OF ANT ON INUS AND FAUSTI NA.
:~~~~:~:~~=ptin the~oftho:ltaves.thestalksofwhicb,in thi~ instance, are
Thean:hitrav.:lisin hcl~htveryne:uiyoneofclev(:n p:lfU,and a h:alfofthe •haft of the column
~=~a~ .. ~~:~~~-~~ i;:e: ·~~u::':::l~:~;~:~n~ ~.::~~~n; :~o~~:'!:!acea,
The frieze, with its cym.~tium, is nearly a quarter more than the arehitravo:in ltcight, whio:h accords
withhiJrole•forfriczcsomamentedwithsculprurc.
Thctorniceisverypccul~r.anddiffersfromlll05tother R omanexam]>lcsofthcCorinthianordcr,
tho:dentilsandrnodillionsbcingornitted. lt,howevcr.h.asanadmirablcclfcdcntil band
andthesimaappeartooimall in proportion to theotho:rmembc::,.: the bold projection of the corona
~::.:e:: :~~h~=; the soffit i' lighrencd, as rcpres.:nted at ll The top of the cornice takes the
A lltheplanoftho:soffitofthe architrave, bctwcen tl>ccolumnsand section of the mouldin!P­
Thcorrwnentisint.em~ptedbythc roscinthecentTcofthcabacus.
PLATE LXII.
TilE CORNICE AND FR I EZE, T O A LARGER SCALE
Os the frieze are represented two varieties of ornament, which are 1>bced altcm3tely betoreen the
griliins,alongthefbnkoftheTemplc;the)•areint..as.o-rclievo,andthegriffinsinmeuo-rclicvoct.b ..
btt.erbv.:lonekgratingon thefootofthc ,..,.,,,.·hich is e>:tended to an unnatunr.l length com
p:ar.>tivcly ... iththeother. Theyaresymholicguan:IW.S,orprotecto,.,ufthcoblationseupposed Ill bc::
c:untainedinthe,-asa,.,·hichh:!vebeenolfendtot.bcdcityofthcTemple. Th.ccandeb.btzarlln:lativelyoncwiththeother.

PART II.
OF THE TEMPLE OF VESTA. TIVOLI.
PLATE LXIII.
VIEW OF TIVOLI, FROM A COURT-YARD I N THE T OWN
T1111 town of Ti\ooli is about eighteen mila distant from Rome, in a aituation .an:dy to be surpassed
forpietu~uellltner)•,whichisgn::ad)·assistedbytheruinsoftwoancitnt T ~plct.•tu;~.tedtothe
nonhoftbttown; lhconeisaperipter.dTemple.ofbcautifulproportions,andvo:rypec~~IWworkmanshipandom:unent:
iti ssufficic:n tlypn::servedtoclucidatem;~.nyoflhcruladescribedbyVitruvius
toh;avebeen u5«1 bytheanc;.,n!3inthec:onstrw:tionofcin:ular temples,and~ncnll)•tupposedto
~veboen dedicated to the goddess Vesta. Theolheristoo much dilapidated tobeusd'ul to the
an:hitectural"'"knt; ithasbeenatetra.style,prostyleTw.p\e, of the lonicorery,showthatthedirn:ueandlituation;unply
C:Ornpenslteforsuchdeprivations,artdiiKiua:bothnat i ~andvisitontolivechieAyoutofdoon.
The Anio, now e:r.Jicd the T everone, which h~ iu sour

OF THE TEMPLE OF VESTA, AT TIVOLI
rightareafewofthemodemhousesofthetown,andtotbelefttheinnis~nscen: )'OU~esoendat
the side oflhted for thcir size and fine flavour. In the
:::~:~~:~dl;:~:r;i~ P~~~:~:ws: but it;, hO]I(rl that those now ~ven will
PLATE LXV
VIEW OF THE PERlPTERAL TEMI'LE, FROM THE CHURCH OPPOSITE
TmsView exhibits. from a closer point and more clear!)', the architecture of the Temple, and ics
&ituationattheedgeolap1Uipioeofgreatheight: a.Wiaii~X~"onlyoiwhichcomesinthepicture.
The angle is ofandcnt c:onstruetion, of the kind called ~opus inccrtum," and the foundation of the
Templeisformcdonarchesnowenclosedbythemodcmw:.Ilwithbutlrc$$oCSandwindows.
The c:eU of the Temple is also of ~opus ineertum," more carefully executed; the "ylobate, the
columns, and entablature, doorw::t.yand "'indow jambs, nre of the alone of therock,c:alled travenine;
and the whole ha..l>eencovercdbynverythincootofthcfinC£tstuoco,wh.ich,wh~itremains,
sonearlyrescmble:sm:u-ble,astocausemanytoiiTI:Igineittobeso
ThemouldingsandornamentsofthisTcmpleh:tvemanypeculi.o.ritics,wh.ichwillben:presented in
thegc:omctricaldra"·ings. BehindisthcTcmpleoftheSibyl,nowconvcned into a church; tl•etower
or campanileonlyofwhichis!leCn
We h:tvebutlittleassistancefrom theancicntwriters,orfrom theedificei~tt:lf,toguideusin
endc:

OF THE T EMPLE OF VESTA. ,\T T IVO LI
PLATE LXVI.
Tnt otigin:ll destination of this T emple is not s:~ti~factority dctern~ioed by any of the numcrous
antiquaries who h:lve treated on the subjecL Plumrch, in hi~ life of Num~ l'o'l'pilius, states thM a
round fonn should begiventotheTempleof Vesta, as it is expressi•-e of the figure of the universe~
anditap~moreproiWllethatthebui l dingvoeareoowdescribingwas

OF THE TEMPLE OF VESTA, AT TIVOLI
thecdl Tllcrolumnsappeartohavehadtheirinner f;wuperpendiculM,UprescribedbyVitruvius;•
butlhcirinclin;ltionisnowvarious,fromtheruinousstatcof theTemJ>le.
Thehcightofthe(:Omiceoflhcdoorag~withlherulcofVitruvius fordoor-ways, tbutthe
opening does not. The width is ncarly::u:ronling to his pn:eepts; thediminutionoflhcopening,and
ofthcan:hitr.we:s,abonearlyaccord
PLATE LXV II I.
TRANSVERSE ELEVATION OF THE TEMPLE, RESTORED.
Tntstylobatconwhichthecolumnsare plao:d, is very nearly a lhird of their height, including the
o;:apital and base, as pre:sc:ribcd byVitruvius.f The column is thcheightofthecleardiamctcrofthc
cell. Thccnb.blatureisvcrylight, being between a fifth and &iJCth partof thehcightof the column.
Thcroof,fromthetopoflheeomioe,isrestoredfromab:un:liefinlhemu5eumof Florence, and from
u.istingmedalsofroundtemples.oneof"·hic:hisrepresentedonthisPiate:itisoflhetimeof
Augustus,andhaslheeelJ,,.·ithiudoor,clearlyshown;theroofcrtendscwerlhecolumns,:asisthc
ClSCinallcoins,andrisesc:onica!lytoano..·erinthecentre.havingantifissz,oromamentalules
onlheedgeolthccomice. As the various commentators h.3vedisagreed onthiopassageof Vitruvius
:;:;;;;:;::;;:adoptingthcevidena:oCmedals.withwhichitwillbefoondlhatthc intc.-pretation
The w~l oftheeell w:u covered wilh co:omcnt,and probably rusticated, similarly to that of the
Templcof Vesta,atRome.
PLATE LX IX.
A. TnE mouldings of lhe stylobate. They arc worked in tmvertine stone;the rest of the
substruetion islhe"opusincenum.~
U. The b;tscsof the columns, which are without plinlhs, and consequently less than the height
prd;erilx:dbyVitruvius;and lhetcm•inationof the nutcs.ofwhic:h there are butt"•emy,bothatthe
top, or summo scapo; ;md bottom, or imo scapo, of the shaft: arc both very uncommon. The shafts of
thecolumns•-aryfromsi:~:totcnblodc s intheir height. Their diminutionisncarlyonc-scventh of the
lowerdiameter,accordingtohisrule
C. The capital is in heightverynearlycqualto!helower diameter of the column, as ordered by
Vitruvius. The c:haraeterof the leavesandvolut.es i5\·el"}·peculiar, The nO\\-ers in lhe centre are
considcrablymorethan!hedcpthofthe~;lheyarevariousinthdrde:signs1eachaltemate
c:enualflowcrlx:ingspiral
D. Sec:tionthroo.aghlheenubbtureand lacunariz. Thea.rclli~veand friezean:intwobl.-..::Uof
traven.inestoneinhcight;lhejoint being rathcrabovethetopofthe former. Thecomic:eis in one
pieoe in height, and cut """yatthe bac:ktoreoei\"C the bloebof the: bcunaria::,which are •-ariousin
thcir thickness. The ornament of the frieze i! represented in Pbte LXX. The mouldings o( the
a.rclli~veandcomiceareplain.
E. Planofthebcunari;~~:undcrthcir teetion. Thedi.-isionl bet•·eenthc: COffer$ ofthclacuna.riae
are fonncd by a groove. T he nowen vary in the minute paru ofthcirdesign, but ha•·e !he s:une
generalappearance;thcditfererw:enotlx:ingdistinguishablewithoutaverycloteinspcction.
F. Thepbnofthccapital
PLATE LXX.
THE CAPITAL AND FRI EZE. ONE QUARTER THE ACT UA L S IZE.
Tn1 drawing i.s made to represent !he acrual effect of the omamentinthisbcautifulspecimcnofthe
Corinlhianorder,andhasnotth.3tdelic.1cyiniuuecution which is seen in other examples represented

OF TilE TEMI'LE 0 1' VESTA. TIVOLI.
~~~i~~~y:~ .. ~::t:'g:~c;;·~t~~~ne T~:;;~~ :~rlcth:il~~~~~~:t: :!n::c:n:~~:;
fncze, which repre5ents the heads of oxen s;~criliN to the deity that was wonohi11Jltd in t.ll.eTcmplc
VVTO • mcn t iona,tlutilwasetllltomarytoornarncntthcvieti~n~~with fcstoonlinthisway.
PLATE LXX I
DETAILS OF THE DOO R AND WINDOWS
A. TnEan:hitravc,frit.:zc,and cornice of the door-Wily, showing the: poeition and enlargement of
thcan:hitrnvcatbottom; withthcirdimcmions: thcydonocfollowthcau·veofthecell,bcings•rnighL
ThcdoonappcM to ha\'c bcenvalvz,or foldingd0Dr1;: the holes in which the pii'OUwcrc interted
~ininthc.>l l,withindic;~tionsoflhcaetiono(theboltsinthcopcningandcloaingofthedC>Or$.
B. Tht:.eetionofthcan:hitr:l.\-e,onc:quarter itsao:tualsize.
The moulding has an elegant and e:LS)' cunmun, ,.-hich ~"ries in diKcn:nt paru, :u the ~nishing of
itw:ufonnedintht:srucco. Thcprojertionofthebt.2datthclootispcculi:l.r.
C.Eicv;ationofthewindowontheencrior.ltisrcmarkable,thatt.hc.Oilofthcwindowonthe
outsidefollowsthccun-cofthecdl;butthcoomio:andhorizontalarc:hitr.r.vcarelll'aighL
D. Sectionofthcabovemouldings.
E. Thec:xtcrioran:hitr;>ve,onequattertheactualsizc.
F.Pbnofthcwindow,showingtheexleriorandinlerior an:hitr:n"CS,and then:d..ctionofthe
aper~ureontheinsido:.
G. Elaoationoftheintcriorof thcwindow. Allthe$Cmouldingsfollowthecurveoftheo:ll
H.Sectionofthe~amemouldings.
I. S«tionofthcan:hitrave,oncqua.rterthcactualsize.

OF THE TEMPLE OF ~ l ARS ULTOR: AT ROME.
PLAT E LX X II .
Tm~ Temple is suppo&ed to luvc been cn:«ed by Au;uSiua, on the (ICQ5ion of his going ~nst Brutus
and Cassius. to revmge the death ofC:o:sar. and DVffCOI!ling them at Ph;ars;ali;!., and to h:webecn
dcm, and some of the bl

OF THE TEMI'LE OF MARS ULTIOR, AT ROME
PLAT E LXXI I I.
I'I.AN AND ELEVATION OF T H E PARTS OF TilE T EMPLE WIIICII RI~MAIN
A. Is the p!anofthc]~>r1ofthcwallofthcccll, which isldt,and th~ofthccolumn~o f theHanl.:
:~~h~:~~i~~~~~ Tf:~~~~~~~~:a1 :~"c!~l ~:'=~ bo:ing about a diamctl'f and half of the columns•,
The columns ...-e of white marble, the pilaster the .same, and the ...,u of the~~~ is ca.sed with aimitu
rn:~rblc.bondcdinto1hepcperine ma5Ciwhicharelcft.a.ismoredcarl)k'Ctl
C. The section of the ambobcrum,from EtoF,ontbe plan, showing the pilastcrandwallatthe
end. Thc003.llofthcccllhasgroo..uatlhcjointsofthemarblc. Thegroundlu..;m;umulatcdtothe
lc,..,]ofC,whic;h prevcntcdourtaJ.:ingthediamctuoftbecolumnt accurately: thc)-anencarly~xfect.
The].llast.endiminish 10"-atd U..,ir upper-diameter, and, as well as the: columns,havcavcrygraa:ful
entasis: thccoursesofrn:~rblcintheeellrom.inuethroughthepilastcn.
~-. ~~~~~~::1:,~"!/:! :;z;:.::e: the stylobate, to a larger ~Calc, witb its dimen,ions.
PLATE LXXIV.
A lsthe11bn ofthcrolumn,andwallofthceell,which remain,withtbe ornamentsofthesoff11
:~:~E~-:~~:s~~~~~r:g~:~~ ~~::;:., ~:~~!~ :a~:r~~~~):~.~::w~~~p~~;;!~
andaruwutothco:ntresofthccolumns,then::beingthrecblocksinth:lta~
C. TheacctionofthclowupartoftheambuW:runt.
D. Tlw! l>ter part of u.., same. The pilaster diminishea in il.!l width at tile top, but
is rat~~~ ~;.!==~::r,~::..u:an:_... blocks of tr.&vertincstOnc.
PLATE LXX V.
PLAN AND li:Lii:VATION OF THED~~~~;S~~i'F THE COLUMNS. WITII TtiEIR

OF THE TEMPLE OF MARS ULTOR. AT ROME
PLATE LXXVI.
FOLIAGE OF THE CAPITAL, ONE QUART ER TilE ACTUA L SIZE
PLATE LXXVII.
DETAILS OF TH E ORNAMENTS, ONE QUARTER THE ACTUAL SIZE.
A. TnE upper moulding of the coffers OVi:r the ambu!:u:rum. Sec E., l'bte LXXIV., f.,.. its
B. The second moulding of the same. See F~ Plate LXXIV.
C. The lower moulding round the same. See G., Plate LXXIV. This ornament continues all
I'()Undthesquarc.
D. Theuppermouldingofthearchitr;~ve. See II., l'lato:LXXIV.
E Therosesorflowersin the centre5of th~rofTers. Tho:yarethr«< feet live inchesindi:uncter,
and very boldly relieved.
F.Acapitalfoundinthcconvcnt,audsu])[>OSCdtohavebclongedtooneofthepilastersofthe
interior of the Temple
PLATE LXXV III.
A TnE plan of the Temple: the paru which n::main of the Temple. and abo of the pcribolus
"'f111.aren:pn::sentcdinadarkcrrinL
The restor;~tion is formed from the plan given byLabaa:o.in whose time then:: may have been
sufficient n::mains to enable him to measure the Temple, and give the dimension' as heh:udone. His
measun::menuareCOI'TeCt,wheneonfrontcdwithJuehp:uuoftheediliceasremain
Palladioalsogi,·espl:uu;ofthisTemple,lUidspe:abofitasbcingtobcaeeninhisLime
Th·e authorities. and which are coi'TObomtcdp:artlybythe parts
!llillJtanding,willbcfoundpcripteml: theintercolumni3.tionispyroostyle
l'alladio says, ''there :ore no appearances of tabernacles or om;~mcnts within the cell,~ but that there
1no!»bly ..-·en: some. He, however, as well as Labaoeo, gi>~ the dmwings and dimensions of columns
withbasesandnpitalsofa>·crypeculiarnature,h:.vinghoncShloadsintroducedtosupporttheabacus,
insteadof>·olutcs:andaeapitoelofthegroundat l>resent.

TEMPLE OF JUPITER TONANS. AT ROME
PLATE LXX IX.
VIEW OF THE TEMI'LE, FROM THE NORTII·EAST
Tn~ Temple is suppo6al to have been ueaed by Augustus, and dedic:.ced co Jupiter the ThundereT,
~~~.!:'~~~udc for his e$C2pe from lightning, which killed his armour-be>.rer at tlis sw.k, while he escaped
The V~w is Wen near the soullHo·est angle or lhc Ar~:h o1 Septimiu.~ Se~rus; it rc~nto the
three osenkwhichtillthenburicdchccolumnsnearly
uptothccapil:lb: as m:~ybe ~~~by Piranesi's•·ietrsof thcTempk. This work was performed by
Camporai,whoau5eda ..·alltobedugattbeanglcoftlochuilding;"·hen.ono:aehi"t{theb.ues,it
wu found tholtthcsupportofchc columns"""" vcryruioou!l. and, in tlu.t ioconvcnicrn&ituation,thc
presenti

OF T il E TEMPLE OF JUI'ITER TONANS. AT ROME
PLATE LXXX I.
PLATE LXXXII.
A. TnE coron;~, with the cimatium above, and modillioo und~r the 51.me. The modillion band is
Qm:'lmented•ithlcaves ,
B. A vari~ty in the side of the ""xlillioos.
~- ~~: :!o~ ot;~~~~~~:f~be ~~ ~~~~:~~~~~~ memllcT of the comi~
F. T he..cctionofditto. G. Themouldingroundthepanelofthcinscription.
II. Theuppcr'membcnoof thea.rehitr:we
PLATE LXXX III
A. R~:na~'TS the ornaments on the frieze at the fbnk of the Temple. They consist ofinstru
mr.nts in use by the priests at their ~fifiCII.. r. T he aquimin;uium. 2. The sheath with the a.ltrus
:;:la~ita. .). T he »penorium. 4· The pater.t. 5· T he albq;p.lerus. 6. The malleus. 7· The
B. T hesoffitofthea.rehitr:we.
The Temple of Jupiter TOtUns is rq>reented on coint as he:.tedbetw'""nthc&.aed\Varandthe
Capitol. Buttheft:arenocsufficientauthorities forn:scoringits:~tbfactoril)';-anideaofits:ur.mgcment
wiUbegivenonthegeneralpbn

OF T il E TEMPLE OF T il E D I OSCURL
OR CASTOR AN D POLLUX.
JUPIT E R ST A TOR AT R O ME.
ALSO OF T HE TEMPLE OF CONCORD, RECENTLY DISCOVERED AT TilE
PLATE LXXX I V
VIEW OF THE DIOSCUR / FROM T il E SOUTH-F.AST.
Asantiquariesarenotagn:edon the destinationofthis Tcmple,lft:pn:fergivin~; i t the appc:lL~tionby
whichith:.si.M.-.:ngencrallyknown. ltappear.~toh.webeensitu.:~.tcdatthe.outh...as t omglcofthc
FORUM ROMANUMt; and certainly must be ranked the first among the cdifi~s of Rome, for
eleganeeanU!'!:!lent View is t:tken from the :111gle of lhe Wllll. in front of !.he Clmn:h of S.~nm M~ria
Liberatritt,tandexhibit.stheonlythn...:columnsremaining(whichformedp;mof the c:utAankofthc
T tm]lle),with thcent."'blatureover them. his difficult toconjc:cturetowh;u"·cowetiK:]lresc:rvation
of this l m.tll portionofthecdifiec; fwifthc connected massofthc T cmpleooultlnm"·ithsnantlthe
•hock or attack which occasionctl illl destruction, it 5c.n:lyoounta"JIOisc:ti,shO!lklholtlt~tl>erwithii>!III'Wia
buis,~niculMJy,.•hcniti•consitleredU...teachcolumnisemnposctl of.Jixor-.:vt•n block.t,antllM•ih
onnS

OF THE TF.MI'LE OF Till:: OIOSCURI. OR CASTOR AND I'OLLUX
Behindtherolumnof l'hocasan:: theste(K.or inclined planes,leadingtotheCapitol.andabo~
them the Church of Ara Ca:li.auppo»ed to be the site of the Temple of JUI'ITER CAPITOtlNUS.
l\"cxtl5theAn::hofSEPTIMIUSSEVERUS,withpartofthcChurchoiSt.JosoephofthcCarpentcrs,
builtovcrthcpri:;onofSt.Petcr; and intheangleisthcChurchofSt.MartinandSt.Luke,attached
::!ew~i:t~::... ~~t;~ ~o.:~n~;h:r i:~;~~~~"Y In front of it is the commencement of the grove of
PLATE LX XX V.
PLAN AND ELEVATION OF T il E PARTS REMA INING, W ITH THE IR
DIMENSIONS
A. Rtrus.~:.•;·TStheplanofthcthreecolumnso:nuiningoltheeastllankoftheTemplc.
B. The elevation of thesame,withthcirsubstructure,oftnvcrtinestone; and the position of the
basemoulding,inwhitcnurblc,ofapedest.alinthcstyloi»te.foundinitsplace,atare

01· TilE TE\II'LE Ul; rHI:: UIOSCUitl, 01< (.'ASTOR ANU l'OLLUX
PLAT E LXXXV II.
T~ttSlesof M,,,.Uhorand
.thcl'anthron. Thcsethn.-eformthe6nestandbestproervt!dspecimcnJof theCorinthianordcrinRome
thoughthcyditlerv~rymatcrial!yinlhcirproponions,andinlhecharactcroftheiro"'"'"'""t; asv.·illk
more dearly""'-'" byoomp:uing the l'latesXLVIJ., LXXV., and LXXXVIJl.; and mlwthc l'l~te~
XLVIII., LXXVI .. and XC.; the three btterofwhich a~ all uc:cmed toaquan.:r of thetNisi•e.
ltwillt..:~bytheplan,thattheangleofthea\w:u•i•con•idcmblybroadc rthan ei tMroftheotho;,r
ClQllllples inthisworic.although tht: member ismon: dc:cor.ucd. Wean:enablt:d tovouchfQI"the
=~s.thiJpbnandelevationolthccopital,fromfrngmenlllfoundon thespotduringthcbt e
The only!W' olthe abaros ..anting;, the !W1 under A; the ornament iJhe~ n:st.-.:1 from
luJlllOilitionin t ..·ovarious..ays,here.and :u Pbte XC. A fn.gmentofthe anglo:,uhcf"C dr~wn ...;u
found on the 6f>Ol at the time of the c:xc:wation, and anochu with a little ~.,.ricty in the termination of
thcfoliagewhichoma~tedthcabacus.
Theangul:uvolutellr.Ualsofound,and part ofthclcafwhich supporu it attached; itiJsunkin
theccntrco(itsn.:tum.asreprcsentedonthcpbn.
Theutent o(theabacuidiagonall~·isoearlycqual todoubletbc: lowerdWnetuofthe-w!Uiltll{as
prcsc:ribedbyVitruvius; butthee

56 OF THE TEMPLE OF THE D IOSCURI, OR CASTOR AND POLLUX
PLAT E XC.
T HE CAPITAL. ONE QUARTER TilE ACTUAL SCA LE
Tm~ capital is carefully n:stort:d from the: ,-arious fragments found on the ~pot. and with great attention
tothechnra.,terof the folia~, which, in the original, is most dclicntdy~nd bc:tutifullyexo:uted. The•
two principal r~ngesof bl\"CS arc: more strietl)•oopied from nature, in rc>eoseofanyotlu:reapital. Thetumingoverofthese ]ea,·es illtheonl)•partnot tltorouyhlyauthen
tic;~tcd: they are drawn from the fr.~gmenUI found, prestrving their char.>Cter in supplring the
terminations. The rO!IC in the centre of theabilcus ill also panlyfT'OfTiprcviousrepn:scntationsofit.
bt:ingK"'atlydnmaged. The angle o(thc. ab.-u:us is drawn fr.)nl a fragment in the Capitol, recently
fuund.dwhich,.·eha,.eacast:andatA,isarep~nl.ationofanvther,themarbleolwhich"·as
foundonthc.spot.andisintheposocssionQ!"johnSanden.. Esq.,ourfellow•tr.ln!llel'".towhosekindnes!i
and libcrnlitrweare much indebtcd,ad take this ol'ponunityoftxpn:s:>ing ourvbligationtohimfor
much as.~istance in this ••oork. From thi~ it is evident that thfft: ,..ere thre.\\n a quarteT theactu.al size.
lti.sgentra.llyoonsideredthattheac.anthusistheleafusedinthedecorntionofCorinthian
capital~: but the Pla!e No. XVI I (of Se1>timius S.:\"ci"U!I) aMI LXX (of Tivoli), a~ perhaps more like
th.1tplantinnaturethanan)·ofthe,-e,d. Theothcn.thoughbc:autiful inthdrfonnsandarnngcmcm,
bc:armorethJ..,...ranceofanthanofnatuo::
PLATE XC I.
T tnsViewexhibiu a pan oftlw: excav:ationudC!rtakcninfrontofthcTemplc,-..hcnthesubslructure
ofthcoolumn•.andthefouotlnionofthcgr.>.nd Hight ofllcpt bywhkh the Temple ,..as approac:hcd,
\O'en::diKOvered. Thellthumius. -..·hich was aftc,....·attb; OOtWcrtecl into an atrium or
awruaehtothcpalaceofthe~n..
Albcninot calls it the Tempk: of \'ulcan; and Labacxo, in his Plat~ XX, XXI, and XXll,
follow~thclatt.,.opinion; l'alladiocalhit the Tempi

OF TIH: fEMI'l.b: 0 1· T H E UIOSCURI. OR CASTOR i\1\U l'Ol.LUX
P LATE XC II
fu•:J•!anOttupiesthe.:entralspacc; the three columns nowsl!>QSite c.~ch column. The intcrmchuofllq)l; it might
citherhavcc:

OF T H E TEMPLE OF VEST A. AT ROME
PLATE XC IV.
0'< the left bank of the T iber, near the: site of the Forum Hoarium, and the embouchure of the Cloaca
M:ucima, arc the remaill5 of a periptcnol round T"'mplc, of white nw-ble. The 11'alls of the cell are in
part5bnding; and,ofthetwcmrcolumnswhichsum>undcdit,the~ftofoneonlyisll'aming:many
of the capiWs are gre;atly injuml: and, from the variety in their design and eo:ecuUon, it llU.)' be:
observedihltttheTemplchuprobo.blyundergoncvariousn:p;~irs,which,bythc•tyleofsome,wemay
ll';lc;o:upto al.:ncperiod: lhe pr~=-.,.iling chaDC;tc~" is Greek. Thecolumnsareverylofty,beingde\-cn
di:unctcninheight:noncofthccntablaturen:ut.omeofthelacullal'i.ir,anda
sm;ollpieceoftheuppermemberofthecomi

01· Till:.: TEMPLE OF VESTt\, AT ROM!'
~d~e of tiM- :~.mbu\acnam, Wcing which for a sale, the prob;.blc: number is nine: 1~ f011nd.olillll an.
"l"]lilr.lted frumthat'3tion of the capital, whkh is particularly loft). Tk abaeus is deep, and itsdi:>goftal
utentrnore than usual if measured to thepoinL Theehar.M:terolthese

TEMPLE OF FORTUNA V!RIL!S. AT ROME.
PLATE XCVII
/\~:.utheTempk:ofVesta..tolr.lrdthenorth~aretherenuill$ofaTempk: , supposedtoh3vebeen
dedicated to Fortuna Virili~. The: situation of thQ; Temple rtbtivdy with the: Temple of Vesta is
shown in the View. his rakcn from theangleinfrontofthepron:K18oftheTemple,,.·hicb U now
wal!edup:somerenuinsofthecolum~inthe"'""ll and inth.-.toftheconvent,en.1bleustodc:termine
lhe uu:nt of the Temple; the cornice is muc:h mutilated on this front, and the building appears to have
undcrgonesomechanges.partoftheoriginalmouldinpofthean:hitraveandoomi

Of TilE TEMPI.F. OF FORTUNA VIR! LIS. AT ROM"-.
P LAT E C.
I::LEVATION OF THE \VEST F LANK OF TilE T EMPLE.
TIUt lcu~th of the fbnk is nearly tlo~ble the height of the order; the lt}'lobatc is in height betwec:n a
third and a fourth of tlle ortlcr. The columns an:: pl:.ced onastcp,whichaweara tol~wcrunround
thcTemplc.• Above the surbase moulding is :ilooa %OC

OF THE COLUMN AND FORU~I OF TRAJAN.
AT ROME.
PLATE C II.
VIEW OF THE TRAJAN COLUMN, FROM TilE EAST
AvttYinterestingandextensiveexcavationhasb.tclybecnnwlcinthisquarter,whichhasexposed:a
eonsiderableportionofthe:anangementofthenugnificcntForumof Tn.P..,inthemidstof..,hichrose
thcColumnercacdiOhishoi!Otlrbylhc:Rornanpeople; agn:atnumbel'"ofhousc:$ha.vebeenremoved,
andtheresulthH :unplycompcnatedfurthe o:xpcnoc andtroubleoftheundenalcing.• This View is
Wcenfromthetoulh.we;;tsi

p.:IY~mcnL
OF THE COLUMN AND l'ORUM OF TR AJAN. AT RmiL
PLATE CII J.
I'LI\NS, ELEVATION, SECTION. AND DETA ILS OF TilE COLUMN
1\. Ttn elevation of tile Column toward tile east The 11Cdest:d is between a Mth and sixth of th ~
ke~~o:ht of lhc Column, induding iL~ ba3e and capital. The Column is eight diametcn in height near!)·
h

011 THE COLUMN AND FORUM OF TRAJAN, AT ROME
C.Atrovertinefountb.tionforapier;thecorre:spondingsll"

OF TI-lE ANTONINE COLUMN. AT ROME.
PLATE CVI.
Tms Column wu eTeCted by the Emperor M;arcus Aurelius, in commemor.uion of victories obained
over the German.,Armcni:ans.;u~d l'arthians. and dedic:atcd wAntoninllll Piu.. lt w:as placed in :a
forum, the buildin!,'110fwhichdonotrtnWn. ltisnowsurroundedbymodemalilices,andcallcdthc
I'~ Colon~ whieh is situated on the 'II"C:SI side of the princi~l s~ of modern Rome, c:allcd the
"C...-~ Thcl,.'f'Ollndt..accumul:uedoonsid

OF THE. ANTO!\INI-: COLUMN AT ROME.
dWncters; thedlminution;tttheupperdiametai'acarttlyperoeptible,beingonlyonefoot,oratwelfth
ofthc]o,.·erdi:uncter. TheTr:~janColumnisonlytenfect nine inchesdiameteratthecop,whilethis
istweh·efeetoneioch;antltheab;~.cuso:xcccdstheformerinextentaboveth~fectc:aehway;the
ruult is greatly in favour of the Tr:~jan Column; while the want of diminution gi\'C:. to the
Antonlnc: the appear.tnreof;~. huge stic:k r:lther th~n an elegant pilbr
mode~~~~ :'e ~:tu';ot~~hl~a~lumn is in part antique, but truncaled; ;~.nd on it is pia~ a
ll The plan of the pedestal. The situation of the original door is at 13.,toward the east; Lhe
modemtlooriseutatthep~ntlevelofthegroundoonsio.ler:~blyabovc,asisseeninthescction,and
onthcsouthside,at H.,onthepl:1n
C. T heplan,takenatthe lowerdiameter.
D. Thcplan,t:lkcnattheuppcrdbmeter.
E.. Theplanof lhepedestal,plaeulonthctopof theColumn,withthedoorthercin
F . The sectionoftheColumn,looking north. In this Lhe half of the modem pedestal and door
arerepresented,andthenumberofacpsrcqui.sitetoarriveatthelevdoftheoriginaldoor; the top of
which was found at the lCliel G. There appear to have been six courses of marble to the original
pcdestai,Cll:clu.sivcofthestepsroundit,••hich,with the lower COUI$C,aresupplied from Pirancsi; the
othcrlivcoourseswefounduligu~. TheshaltoftheColumn,includingbaseandeapital,iseomposed
ofnineteenbloc:ksofwhite m.arble.simibrtotheTrajanColwnn,eachhavingcight$tepsO:Uioutofthe
:oolid;theeapitalbeingasingleblockofmarblc,tev(;nteenfcetfourinchessquare.andlivefectdecp
The st:Urcase is lighted by loop-holes, as reprecntcd, none of the ancient mouldings of the pedestal
mnain,andtheomamcnu~al l cutaway.

OF THE FORUM OF NERVA, AT ROME,
THE TEMPLE OF PALLAS.
PLATE CVIII.
Tut.tworolumnsandlheenabluu~andattic,~ntedinthisView,an:ofwhitcugrble.andare
the only parts t'emllining of the rcsent."'ltionsin bas-relief
oftheirattributet. Theone now preserved l>:!.sthefigurcofl'allasorMmervainthcnttic; andc merit o( aome, while 01heB appe:r.r to
haveir>eum:dhcrdispleasnrc.
The entablature and cornice of the auic are profusely ornamented in o:vcry moulding; the
omamenlllarefinclyexo:laced onpedcstals,similarlytothoseoftbc:triumpl>:!.larches.wcm.:ulc
-.:veralapplicatiunstoheallo"·l!dtu"'mo'·cthee>rth,inonkrtoascettainthisandthej>reclsehcight
of the columns; butmet,.·ith"" much trouble and deb)•inanswo;:ringourapplic:uions, thatwe,.·ere
obliJ:,>cd to abandon iL The wall now forms the front tu a modem houo;e, :md is perlor:ned for its
windo ..-. :and door$. Fromrooentdisco),..,;es,theextentofthisForum and theTempleisaccunucly
defi~ in !'late CXXX,and the c ..·oold dr:~,.·ings. !'late CV I Il~
PLA TE CIX.

lntheattici!a.figureofMinerv::~.,inthecentre.
The cornice is highly enriched. and the upper
memberadomedwithdolphinsandfolia.ge
The e>ceclllion and arrangement of this sculp1urc correspond with thoR of the Arch of Tims. with
whiehitprobablyisconlempomry.
The sllafts are much interred. llO that the llil5CS are not discernible; they :>re here restOred
from supposition.
whcn rt~: =:=:: :.,~ :u 1 ~~"' is compost.'

Of. TilE AMPHITHEATRE OF VESPAS IAN,
THE COLOSSEU~· I. AT ROM E.
PLATE CX IV.
Ttn~ immense edif,oe "'';&!. c:omrn.:nced l.y the Emperor Vespasian, and lini$hed by his_, Tim., about
the sev~my·ninth >-eM of the Christian aa: lhroe )-ear!~ onl)• are pjd to ll:lve bc:c:n ooxupied in its
em;lioo. hm.llyjustlybe Aid tohavebem tht:mo&timposingbuilding. fromitsapp:orentrMgttitud4-,
intheworid. TheP)=midsoiEgyplcanonlybc:comparalwithitintheextentoftheirpb.n,asthey
cover...,;arlylhcsamesurfu:c:• f«.whikthe)·diminisb narlytoapoim:~.~~ thcyrise,thcColoueum,
viewalextemaUy.p.-.:xntsitsloft)'""!l.ooehundredandsixtyfcetinheight,tothewhl)]ccxu:mofthe
po:riphcryofitseltipsis.
Themagnitudeofthisbuildinghasgivenrisetoitsn.:une:titisinformoval,thecoojug:ate
diamcu:rbc:ingsixhundn:dandtwcntyfeet,and thctransversedi:uneterfivc hundred and thine(:nfcet
totheextemoftheouterwall,whichison.c:hundredand fifty-sev.:nfCC'Ihigh.anddecor:nedwith four
orders of archit

POSTICIS.>EO,t;T,I

Fr.mgepanibmily,withwhoml'ope l nroooentth

· s..~l'l>lO!'ed of rubble and o:ement,:r.nd h:weevidentlybeen turned upon
boan.hlo:nto::s.thc:marl

PLATE CXV II.
Pl.ANS OF THE SECOND OR IONIC RANGE, AND MEZZANINE OV ER DITTO
~~~ •• ~:~~- l sthe planofh.l.lfth

OF TilE COLOSSEUM, AT ROME.
PLAT E CX I X
LONG ITUDINAL E LEVATION AND SECTIONS
T ~ntdevationgivc:sthegenernlproponionandarmngementof theextcriorofthecdificelongitudina\ly.
The measurements and details are fully exp\ainl'e
second and third storir:sareshown the pcdest.11sfor$Upponingstatucs,whichatthes:unetimesen·cd
asaj)TOtectiontopersoMinthcoorridon,thele\"elsofwhich~thetQpoftheouterstyloh:m:s. Two
of thesepedesulsonlynowrema.inin N0!1.JOandJ3
lllthewa!loftheupl"--rstoryaretwornngepilasters.~affonhlighttothcuppcrmev.aninestory.• Oneoftheseisovertheoentra.l
opening,andoneineachaltcm;uedivision. Theupperwindo""Safforded light to theupperr.mgeof
se:ot:s,andareplaoedaltematelywhcre the last mentioned windows do not occur. Abo'"ethelauerare
tl>ecorbdsthat held the masts to which were att;>c:hcd the wrd! of the vclarium. or awning, which
~:! ~ ::o::~ from the 5lln ornin. The method inwhkh thisvt:larium \U.!I constructed might
A

OF THE COLOSSEUM, AT ROMf,_
part, :~.,~~n~:~~ew~~:el~: ~~:;is more regularly and C

OF Til£ COLOS">EUM, AT ROME
PLATE CXX III.
SECTION THROUGH No. 47, IN PART RESTORED
fm$.cctiongivestheprofileofthccxternalwa11Atoit.!lwholehcight; theinncrfaccisperpendicular,
andtlu::outcronc~esoneachstol)'; iti~coo~tructeddtmvertinestone,cxccpt theinncrfaceof
theuppcT1'2IIge.whichisfom•edwithtilesinhori:rontalc:oursea.
Thcncxtwall, B,dividingthe two outer corridors. isalsoconstruetedoftr;IVertine!iiOne: no part
ofthisnowremainsabovethelineoftheirnposttothe;~rehesofthethirdorCorinthianrangc.
Thethirtlpierorwall,C,iseonstructedoftr:wenine stone 10 the height of the fioorofthethirtl
r.~.nge,,.·hichisnearlyatthelevcloftheuppc:rmarble.eatofthegrandfiight; alxwe that, it is faced
;:~t~si:' :~:: ~ori=~~e:;s~~ now remains a little abo\~ the openings in it; both
The,.,.J),fromCtoF,extendingfromthe &erond to the thirdeorridoronthe[llan,areeomposed
of peperinestoneofr.~.theraaoftnalur!:; but having two pieB. 0 and E,.u •·ell as the outer ones,
Candl',eomposedofuavenine!iiOne. Thesepierscontinueashighusho..·nontheseetion;andthe.
u 1
>pc:r[mt.instudofpeperinestooe,isfilled inwithrubbk,Caeedonbothsidcswithtilc. Arches are
also,.·orlccdintbctiles,butthC)donoteontinuethroughthe.,.,.U, Underthis ..':lllisthesectionof
:; ~~~h~:. dlown on the plan, Plate CXV I, and the inclined line of JQ\'ement from the outer to
Theeomiceandpodium,l!,,.·hiehareplaccdonthew:allovcrC,arerestoredfromsupposition,as
,.·ellasthet..·ogallcries:ofscatsinwoodabove.
The cornices over the doors in thewallC,toget.her
11·ith the columns and cnubl:llure over the pier B. are I'CIItored from fngments found on the spot;
~~~~u~~~~r which are given in I'L1te CXXIX. The colurn.u are placed over each pier; see
1
ltap~probablethatthepublic;seat s didnotextendhigherth:mheredmwn,asthere
were in all lllufourstaireases from this floor at the Ievell, to the tOJIOf the building: the simation
7~~.:~~X;\~~~~n on the pl~n C, Plate CXVIII, and their arrangement more particularly at I, K
The flights of stairs in the upper meuanine, the lloorof ...·hich is level with thetopoftheCorinthianr::mg.:ofcolumns,areclcarly.Jiscernible;
thereweretwenty·four in all: their situation is shown
on the plan B, !'late CXVIJ I, and more particubrly at I~ F and G, Plate CXXVIII
The Rights of stairs in the $CCOnd oorridor of the thin.! r::mge are drawn. ABC and D.
=:~~~-XXVII I , and theirsitu.1tionsshownon the plan, A, l'lateCXVIII. TheTc were eighteen in
The flights of stairsinthclowermeuanine,O'o'ertheseeond oorridorat the level K,areshownat
~ ~:,and N, in !'late CXXVIII: and their position• at D, !'late CXVII. There were sixteen
11
Fromthismezu.nine)·oudescendbytwenty-eightstcpstoagallery atthele,~ l M,whiclleontinued
roundthebuildingunderthegr.andllightofse:ats,andga\~aceesstooneof themiddlerangesof,·omitories.
Thenumberofthesestain::uesaresixreen. Fortlw:iri.itu:ation,sceplanA, l'lateCXVI I
Thelowt:rstaireasesho"'·n inthissectionistheupperhaUofoneofthedoubleflightsleadingfi'ORl
the ground floor to the IC\"CI L,onthesecond range of corridors. Therewcretwcntyinnumber,and
t:hcirsituationsshownintheplan,PlateCXVI
The,.,.u)!llunderthese:a!llandstairea.ses,aswcllastotheconidora,areallformedinroughrubble
work:themarksof theboardedo:entresoverwhichtheyweretumedarevisible
PLATE CXXIV.
TmsseetioncxhibiUithelowerpartof thebuilJing,extcndingfromthearenatothecxterior.
Totheleft.thepodiumisrestored, and tl1e SICJ15 shown up to it from the fourth corridor, which
remain. Thesituationofthemisso..'Cilontheplan, PlateCXVI
:: ~~~ 2~t~:~~t~~:o:::::::~ntl:~e'7:0~~ ~~~~~ ~e 5 ~r 1 :~;"!r ':i~ ~:~~:::~==

O F T H E COLOSS E UM, t\T ROME
PLATE CXXV.
SECT IOI\ THROUGH No.. 46.
~~::: 0 1:i:~~le ~t;~~~~;:min~u~~r~;•sio:ua~~!:: ~~
l'bte CXVII. N~arl~· the whole of lbe stairs in tM div~ion remain; the~- areoftravenine &tone, bid
onbrickortile: :.ndaAtt~ionofonc~givcnin l'lateCXXVII I
Themezu.nineovertheeccondtorridOl'recci,·es its light fromthetorridorsoflbethin:l range, by
anopeninginthc\"ault.
TheO(HI..UUC:tinnwil!beoeenbyrr:ferenaotothcPiate.
PLATE CXXVI
SECTION TIJROUt.dl No.. 4S
Tmsse:~ ~=~~g~~~~r .:;;~~it~~ ~t ~~~ '~:t:":~a~~~~~~:=~
th.ogrountlpb.n

PLAT E CXXVill.
1). I'LAsofthe.uii"C::.Se$inthesccondconidorofthclhirdorCorinthianrnnge: thcirsituationisgiV~:n
in I'~~ ~i:!=:~~~~to. They "'Cte eight~n in numlx:r.
B.Longitudinalekvationofthenightnextthcoultrwall
A. Longitudin.alt::le•-ationoftheinncrflil:ht: !hoe&tcpsn::main up to the landing. and continue
aftcritsufficie building. Their situation m;~.y be seen in pl:ln C, l'l:ue CXVIIJ. The)' we"'
fouronly innumber.
L The plan of thestairsinthemezz.anineover!he BeCOnd corridor. Theirsi!Ua.tionma.>·besecn
in plan B. Plate CXVII. They were si:orteen in number.
M. Section, and Nclevation,ofthe5ame. P. Section of ,.·atercourse next to inner wall in this
PLAT E CX X IX.
A. I'LANofthepieDoneachsidcoftbc:northeentralopeningon the ground floor,,.-ithlhep:n>cment
and Slep3 and indication of a ponico. which ill supposed 10 ha\'C communicated with the Baths of
T itus.andisrej>l"e$(:ntedonmeda.ls.
B.Sectionthrooghthesame.
C. Halflheplanofacolumnfouudonthespot,andsupposedtohavcbeenilal"tOfthisponico: it
isoflincpavonazc:ttomarble. ThcHutcsandfilleu:werepresc:ntcdat D.
E.Pla.noftheouterpiers,groundstory
F. l'lanof thesccondpieronthcsamestory. G. l'bnof thethirdditto.
H. Planof theouterpieron the Corinthian or third t:Uib"C·"·ith the situation ofthestylobatc in
tlteopenings.
I. Planofthewholelengthof thestylolxuetaken on the top,withthemorticeholestowhiehthe
st:uuesarc$UpJIOiiedtoh;webeenfi:or.ed
~- ,:~::::~~:~' ;:; d::,:c stylobatc.
N. ll.u;e,and M thesurbasemouldingofthcsame.
· 1'1.-tnofthesink. stones in the rne.uanin.covcr the third corridor on the Ionic range. Their
situ.UIOOmaybeseenelosetotheinnerw;~.llonpbnA,I'lateCXVI I

OF THE COLOSSEU~I, AT ROME.
PMouldingo(~
Q. Spc:cimcno;~fherring-lxme]).W~mcntintheupperaarri(]on.
R S«tionthroughthewall,sl>o..,·ingthcira.>n>tructionofrubble.faa:dwithtriangul.:artiles.
til~ ::~on:u:f ~~d~~~n Q~:~~~~:c rnnge, with their oonsli'Uctin: they a.., o( tr.wcrtinc stone, laid
00
T. B.ue and p;r.n of the §haftofcolumnsofdppO&eown on
Platcs CX IX ;utd CXXIIL They are the same diamcterasthee>eterioreolumn• and piL:asten, which
arealikeone"erystory.
V W. Sec:t.iOtUiof two m~rble seats diSCQ\'ere(], and which C\'identl)•belonged tothcgr:md night
ahowingthettepcutin thesame,ar>dmoni"~forthen~tseaL
X.l'lanofthetopofthes;r.me.showingthemonicetQ~ivethenrxt'IC:IL
Z Z Z Z. Fr.lj;'mcnt5 of marble found round the arena, and suppoaed to luvedi:(;'Qrnted the ·-~U ~~
tht•b:lckofthegrand Aightofseats. Oneofthcdrn,.·inJ,"ireprescnlllthep;r.rucollcc.ted:someofth.­
pedimo:nb :ue qments of circles; aU are eridcntly of l.:a!C date.

'--­
,

.All. .C Ji o-e "T :I:J.' Tl .:l, -~ D llC :E ,
\"iew oflh., W1•st S1di' towllrd~ lh!'
... _
Fo;utT>
..... , .......... ,._,,, __ ....... _

, I
SENATV.S
. :Ol'VLVSQ:V£IW.MANY5
DIYOTITOD:!VlVESPASIANIJ
VE:SPASlANOAVGVSTO
t .
l __,
)
, I
I

llll .

I
: I
~·i
l. -~ '2)
J

.AiRC:HI OlFTl'lr'11J.§, iROl\/JlE .
.4.,/.~&•R~•. efl uchSo.koflh~Arcl> _
R Apolhoos.oofTihu•n•hrCn• nordotto

I
L--------- -----'

~ -

.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
:_
.
··~ I • •
\~\.::·~-..:
-~ ~ ..
,,;:.________i

.... ''~-;:
I .
,_['~-~:II.~-.. ~. ~JJ~rr- i
I i .\ \~
~
:1
=l :

l~i
.IJ; .
..
~·'

I ~
~
~
g
::

j
l
~
j
~
f,J
~
y
~
I
]
!'!
;':;
l->
!

)!:;
~
~ <
"]
!)!:;
l 0
•jj ')
"ii ~
~
t.)
;:~
"\

..
.
.------------------------~----~ 1
l

........................ ~ :: _

f
l~r aL

:.f'V l t'I'l-C:O m• :I'Jl:ffi :f'..!l.ll'I'll:Z-01'1", }tODJ:ffi,
D ;ul!< ~r tHi>latU~.liU

~
I

.
. ~ :

:I'OJ!Tl ll>:l' :nu: J'Ar'fT!EI:!lOH .!R\IDMJ!l.

iii
1
:.1 1[11
l
~~·
'-;J
r: J
,'-;., '
d:
L l L ll

~ ... ~.
I
· •
. {
]I'!:l':.r.::B.lV:E DJ' ~:H:ffi :PA:i'U'll:ffi.Dl'f.:.E{Dll.l:I!:.
De\•

~~--------~------~ 1
\~
u
I Q] . g . ~ :· .QJ .:bQL: C~
~
•• l;t;\
'1':Jl:ll!:P:L:ill DJo' .Al'!:l'DX'fl!'f.~~-,;J,\.l"W ]'l\.'ll'.:J':!':L\1A, liDJJ'l:E.

t
[
1 ••
i _ -/"1";.1
_:;;;;;::.__,
: f

CilfUtlli 11nd Fn .. ;o:.,
r..lol. .~ .l ... L-r-n~C"'-........ ,.1.1

~ ,-------------------------~

TIElY.liPL :E l[j) ] ' lVJA!RS 'ViL."J'I[j);F.
}·ol••gcolth.:Cap>tal
~ .....::.t·.;:;:. : ~.J...:::. ......

Det&:lo. one 'l"'~rtu lh• aet,.al su.,
L_,_,...., ......__tc•__ ,..,

•..
~
~~--
L-
1':mrtr:I'!.t:ll~S.MW:!:.

I ~
~ l f L ( r""
~] 1 J!:l:tLf':.L~ iU' ~~;~~~·:g~~~..f'D!'Y.8.l"'',j. }iVltl:!l,

,,...... ~lOut "'"mb.-n oflhe •:nlal>lahu..-01..,

--'-------'- ~ ---'------ _c-
., • 1':ErtL!':LJ!: J]' J'r r:t-:.t'JLJ

·~
.,

:t':;;ru:P&:Z ®:r C:cHoo;a:o, :R.DmlE.
D

~1 rjJ ~ ~ [el
li1

"'\
r
l 1 l

:.r~·.o:ri:rru o:r•' l'tQ;:.KYA. T-toru:g,
\~,...,..,.- 1ho• l'.u·l ltrnlf'l11 "~ h'

-p

'
C ;
.
I
c==:=
ft

COJLD.:S.:S:E'I'ill ~'l.Ol'll:l:,
Ek1o.:~uonof;~l'!lnuft.h~
!'\on}, S.dt

I l l '

t
j
I~
(. 'I
:;~/}.-~·
0 :~}~ ~P""
- ~-.. ~·:._ __ :.-"~~~~ ~Jq