Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
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16 t h International Congress on Animal <strong>Reproduction</strong><br />
218 Poster Abstracts<br />
southwest of Ch<strong>in</strong>a. Gayal has a calv<strong>in</strong>g behavior that the cows are<br />
out of the herd lonely when calv<strong>in</strong>g. The special calv<strong>in</strong>g behavior has<br />
not been covered so far. The objective of this study was, through the<br />
<strong>in</strong>vestigation of calv<strong>in</strong>g behavior of to collect relevant <strong>in</strong>formation on<br />
ethology, which, hopefully, would benefit <strong>in</strong> protect<strong>in</strong>g the herds <strong>in</strong><br />
immigration and feed<strong>in</strong>g management whenever mak<strong>in</strong>g the most of<br />
gayal scientifically. The study was carried out on the Mithun<br />
conservation farm of Phenix mounta<strong>in</strong> at Lushui county <strong>in</strong> Yunnan<br />
prov<strong>in</strong>ce (98°59′--99°03′E, 25°58′--26°04′N, an altitu<strong>de</strong> of 2700--<br />
3200m)from June 1 st to 21 st , 2007, by observ<strong>in</strong>g three gayal cows<br />
be<strong>in</strong>g about to <strong>de</strong>livery(two of multiparous, one of primiparous,<br />
average age of 9.0±5.6) and one adult bull(age of 3.5 years old) un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
free graz<strong>in</strong>g on two hectare fenced improved pasture consist<strong>in</strong>g of<br />
Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium repense and free graz<strong>in</strong>g on the sward<br />
of native grasses with the same management. Average temperature<br />
and relative humidity recor<strong>de</strong>d dur<strong>in</strong>g the experiment were<br />
16.85±1.01 and 74.27±4.54%, respectively to an elevation of<br />
2420m. Relative behavior was recor<strong>de</strong>d with digital vidicon and<br />
camera on Day 3 before the parturition, and monitored gayal cow with<br />
full track at daylight and at every 2h <strong>in</strong>terval for 30 m<strong>in</strong> at night. The<br />
results were shown that gayal behaved out a series of preparative<br />
behavior before the <strong>de</strong>livery, namely calv<strong>in</strong>g behavior were expressed<br />
as: 60% cows would leave the herd to look for food and proper<br />
<strong>de</strong>liver<strong>in</strong>g place alone from 10 to 3 days before calv<strong>in</strong>g, prevent<strong>in</strong>g<br />
milk suck<strong>in</strong>g from the previous calves with more watchful walk<strong>in</strong>g<br />
from 24 to 12hours before calv<strong>in</strong>g. Impatience and mount<strong>in</strong>g behavior<br />
(<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g mount<strong>in</strong>g on gayal bull) of the cows were observed from 8<br />
to 1 hour before calv<strong>in</strong>g. In a few hours before calv<strong>in</strong>g, Gayal cows<br />
performed strongly the behavior of signory, ru<strong>de</strong>ly chas<strong>in</strong>g the other<br />
animals. Rather flat sward on the higher place with lower gradient<br />
was naturally selected by cows as parturition site, where the tall grass<br />
<strong>in</strong> 4~6m 2 was cleaned up by the cows to provi<strong>de</strong> a convenient and<br />
safe parturition area for calves. Calv<strong>in</strong>g was from 7 o’clock <strong>in</strong> the<br />
morn<strong>in</strong>g to 6 o’clock <strong>in</strong> the afternoon, tend<strong>in</strong>g towards a sort of<br />
daylight <strong>de</strong>liver<strong>in</strong>g system. Activity of calv<strong>in</strong>g took 63.33±101.16m<strong>in</strong><br />
after chas<strong>in</strong>g other animal and ly<strong>in</strong>g on the ground for calv<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
25.00±5.00m<strong>in</strong>. From calf born to placenta expelled, it took<br />
11.74±10.89h. The number of gett<strong>in</strong>g up and ly<strong>in</strong>g down of cows<br />
were 7.00±6.00 times dur<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>de</strong>livery course. Average birthweight<br />
was 17.83±1.04kg for male and female without any dystocia case. <br />
Activity time of new calf: From birth to the first stand<strong>in</strong>g, it took<br />
52.70±29.69m<strong>in</strong>; from the first stand<strong>in</strong>g to the first milk suck<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
38.7±29.14m<strong>in</strong> and from the first milk suck<strong>in</strong>g to walk<strong>in</strong>g around,<br />
61.33±1.53 m<strong>in</strong>. The study <strong>in</strong>dicated that calv<strong>in</strong>g performance of<br />
gayal was or<strong>de</strong>rly processed with hardly undystocia case, good<br />
maternity, better ability of rear<strong>in</strong>g calf, and the best capability of<br />
reproduction and survival <strong>in</strong> the wild condition.<br />
Keywords System of Semi-<strong>in</strong>tensive management; Mithun(Bos<br />
frontalis); calv<strong>in</strong>g behavior; <strong>in</strong>vestigation.<br />
P577<br />
Treatment of postpartum dairy cows ‘not-<strong>de</strong>tected <strong>in</strong><br />
oestrus’ with gonadotroph<strong>in</strong> releas<strong>in</strong>g hormone,<br />
prostagland<strong>in</strong> and progesterone<br />
McDougall, S<br />
Animal Health Centre, New Zealand<br />
Oestradiol benzoate (ODB) has been extensively used <strong>in</strong> synchrony<br />
programmes <strong>in</strong> dairy cattle to manage follicle wave emergence and<br />
tim<strong>in</strong>g of oestrus. However, ODB has recently been banned by the<br />
European Union and hence removed from other markets. Thus<br />
alternate protocols to synchronise cows are required. The objective of<br />
this study was to assess the efficacy of 3 treatments of dairy cows ‘not<br />
<strong>de</strong>tected <strong>in</strong> oestrus’ before the start of seasonal breed<strong>in</strong>g programme<br />
(PSM). The ovaries of 2222 cows not <strong>de</strong>tected <strong>in</strong> oestrus by 9 days<br />
before the PSM were exam<strong>in</strong>ed us<strong>in</strong>g ultrasonography and randomly<br />
assigned to be treated with: 1. Gonadotroph<strong>in</strong> releas<strong>in</strong>g hormone<br />
(GnRH), prostagland<strong>in</strong> F2a and GnRH at 7 and 2-day <strong>in</strong>tervals,<br />
respectively; with fixed time artificial <strong>in</strong>sem<strong>in</strong>ation 1 day after the<br />
second GnRH treatment (‘GPG’ programme), 2. ‘GPG’ and <strong>in</strong>sertion<br />
of an <strong>in</strong>travag<strong>in</strong>al progesterone-releas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>de</strong>vice between the first<br />
GnRH <strong>in</strong>jection and the PG, with fixed time artificial <strong>in</strong>sem<strong>in</strong>ation 1<br />
day after the second GnRH treatmen (GPG + P4) , 3. As for 2, but<br />
with oestrus <strong>de</strong>tection for 3 days after the PG treatment, and with the<br />
second GnRH treatment occurr<strong>in</strong>g only where oestrus has not been<br />
<strong>de</strong>tected by 3 days after PG (GPG + P4 + heat), or 4. No treatment<br />
(Control). Pregnancy status was assessed us<strong>in</strong>g ultrasonography at<br />
35 days after the PSM. Data were analysed us<strong>in</strong>g logistic regression<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>ls which <strong>in</strong>clu<strong>de</strong>d treatment group, age, herd, CL status<br />
(presence or absence) and days from calv<strong>in</strong>g to the PSM. Estimated<br />
marg<strong>in</strong>al means (95% CI) were calculated and the multiple<br />
comparisons among treatment groups accounted for by us<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
Bonferroni adjustment. The conception rate to service with<strong>in</strong> the first<br />
7 days was higher <strong>in</strong> the treatment groups which <strong>in</strong>clu<strong>de</strong>d<br />
progesterone than <strong>in</strong> the control or GPG groups (0.43 (0.36-0.50),<br />
0.56 (0.49-0.63), 0.48 (0.41-0.55), 0.34 (0.23-0.44) for the GPG,<br />
GPG+P4, GPG+P4+heat and Control groups, respectively; p = 0.48,<br />
0.001, and 0.04 compared to the Control group). Additionally, the<br />
pregnancy rate (i.e. total number of cows confirmed pregnant/total<br />
number of cows treated) varied among groups (0.40 (0.34-0.47), 0.54<br />
(0.47-0.60), 0.46 (0.40-0.54), 0.08 (0.05-0.11) for the GPG, GPG+P4,<br />
GPG+P4+heat and Control groups, respectively. The control was<br />
lower than all other groups (p