Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
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16 t h International Congress on Animal <strong>Reproduction</strong><br />
158 Poster Abstracts<br />
P395<br />
The effect of <strong>in</strong>tra-mammary <strong>in</strong>fection on 205-day<br />
adjusted weight of calves <strong>in</strong> a Brahman herd<br />
Gonzalez-Castro, F 1 *, Scaramelli, A 2 , Cor<strong>de</strong>ro, F 2 , Tirado, MA 3 , Diaz, T 4 ,<br />
Clerc, K 3<br />
1Departamento Medico Quirurgico, <strong>Facultad</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ciencias</strong> Veter<strong>in</strong>arias, UCV,<br />
Venezuela; 2 Patologia, <strong>Facultad</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ciencias</strong> Veter<strong>in</strong>arias, UCV, Venezuela;<br />
3Medico Quirurgico, <strong>Facultad</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ciencias</strong> Veter<strong>in</strong>arias, UCV, Venezuela;<br />
4Instituto De Reproduccion Animal, acultad <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ciencias</strong> Veter<strong>in</strong>arias, UCV,<br />
Venezuela<br />
In or<strong>de</strong>r to evaluate the effect of <strong>in</strong>tra-mammary <strong>in</strong>fection (IMI) on<br />
205-day adjusted weight of calves (P205d) <strong>in</strong> a Brahman herd, 104<br />
Brahman cows with >1 calv<strong>in</strong>g were used. Calv<strong>in</strong>g season spreads<br />
from February 15th to June 15th. Restricted suckl<strong>in</strong>g, from day 30<br />
postpartum, allowed 2 hours calf-cow contact <strong>in</strong> the morn<strong>in</strong>g and was<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed until cow was diagnosed pregnant. Bacteriological<br />
analyses were performed to <strong>in</strong>dividual quarter samples dur<strong>in</strong>g early<br />
lactation (EL; 30±7 d post-partum; n=104) and at wean<strong>in</strong>g (W; 210 d<br />
post-partum; n=66). Milk samples and their duplicates were collected<br />
aseptically <strong>in</strong> sterile vials, and stored on ice for transportation to the<br />
laboratory for bacteriological analysis, 6-8 h after sampl<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Staphylococcus sp. were i<strong>de</strong>ntified us<strong>in</strong>g growth <strong>in</strong> blood agar (GBA)<br />
and salt manitol agar, Gram sta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g (GS), catalase test (CT), OF<br />
glucose test, coagulase test (CT). Streptococcus sp. were i<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g GBA, GS, CT, hypurate hydrolysis, aescul<strong>in</strong> hydrolysis, growth<br />
<strong>in</strong> the presence of bile, tolerance to 6.5% NaCl and CAMP test. Gram<br />
+ bacilli were i<strong>de</strong>ntified by GBA, GC, growth <strong>in</strong> Tween 80 and <strong>in</strong> the<br />
presence of 9.5% NaCl. Frequency distribution was used to <strong>de</strong>term<strong>in</strong>e<br />
the IMI prevalence <strong>in</strong> cows and quarters. ANOVA was used to study<br />
the effect of IMI on P205d, and only EL data was consi<strong>de</strong>red. The<br />
prevalence of IMI <strong>in</strong> cows dur<strong>in</strong>g EL and W were: Coagulase<br />
negative Staphylococcus sp. different from S. epi<strong>de</strong>rmidis (CNS)=<br />
19,2% (20/104) and 15,4% (10/65); Corynebacterium sp.= 7,7%<br />
(8/104) and 4,6% (3/65); C. bovis= 3,8% (4/104) and 3,1% (2/65); S.<br />
uberis= 3,8% (4/104) and 4,6% (3/65); S. agalactiae= 1% (1/104) and<br />
1,5% (1/65); S. hyicus= 1% (1/104) and 1,5% (1/65); S. <strong>in</strong>termedius=<br />
1% (1/104) and 0,0% (0/65); mixed <strong>in</strong>fections= 4% (4/104) and 3%<br />
(2/65), respectively. The prevalence of IMI <strong>in</strong> quarters dur<strong>in</strong>g EL and<br />
at W were: CNS= 10,2% (40/392) and 7,2% (18/249);<br />
Corynebacterium sp.= 4,8% (19/392) and 3,6% (9/249); C. bovis=<br />
2,6% (10/392) and 4,4% (11/249); S. uberis= 2,0% (8/392) and 1,2%<br />
(3/249); S. agalactiae= 0,3% (1/392) and 1,6% (4/249); S.<br />
<strong>in</strong>termedius= 0,5% (2/392) and 0,0% (0/249); S. hyicus= 0,0%<br />
(0/392) and 0,4% (1/249); mixed <strong>in</strong>fections= 1,1% (4/392) and 0,8%<br />
(2/249), respectively. IMI had no significant effect on P205d. P205d<br />
of calves from non-<strong>in</strong>fected cows was 167.23±3 kg (n=52) and from<br />
<strong>in</strong>fected cows 163.05±3 kg (n=37). In conclusion, even though a<br />
significant effect of IMI on P205d was not found, numeric differences<br />
were observed, and non <strong>in</strong>fected cows weaned slightly heavier calves<br />
than <strong>in</strong>fected cows.<br />
P396<br />
The effect of umbilical cord clamp<strong>in</strong>g on acid-base<br />
balance of piglets at term<br />
Jonker, FH 1 *, Van Dijk, J 2 , Van Loon, TPAM 3 , Taverne, MAM 1<br />
1Farm animal Health, Faculty of Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Utrecht University, the<br />
Netherlands, Netherlands; 2 Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology,<br />
Faculty of Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Utrecht University, Netherlands; 3 Equ<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Sciences, Faculty of Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Utrecht University, Netherlands<br />
Umbilical cord clamp<strong>in</strong>g (UCC) was used to mimic the evolvement of<br />
birth asphyxia, like observed <strong>in</strong> natural farrow<strong>in</strong>gs. A laparatomy was<br />
conducted <strong>in</strong> 4 sows (on day 112 or 113) un<strong>de</strong>r general anaesthesia.<br />
Successive fetal compartments were exteriorised and each fetus was<br />
placed, with an <strong>in</strong>tact umbilical cord and its head covered by a plastic<br />
bag, un<strong>de</strong>r a heat<strong>in</strong>g lamp. Piglets were alternately subjected either to<br />
5-8 m<strong>in</strong> of UCC (n=23) or served as controls (n=24) dur<strong>in</strong>g a similar<br />
wait<strong>in</strong>g period (WP). After cutt<strong>in</strong>g of the cord, 21 control and 21<br />
clamped piglets had to be supported by manual ventilation with room<br />
air to establish <strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt respiration (IR). In 4 control and 7<br />
clamped piglets no IR occurred and these piglets were classified as<br />
non-surviv<strong>in</strong>g (NSV). Mean birth weight and duration of UCC or WP<br />
of NSV piglets did not differ significantly from surviv<strong>in</strong>g (SV)<br />
piglets. Before UCC / WP, acid-base balance values and heart rates<br />
(HR) of piglets did not differ with<strong>in</strong> and between litters throughout<br />
the 5 h of surgery (mean 291± 44 m<strong>in</strong>). UCC resulted <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>itial<br />
fetal bradycardia, with a consecutive gradual <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> HR, followed<br />
by a second <strong>de</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> HR at which moment UCC was stopped. HR<br />
<strong>in</strong> control piglets rema<strong>in</strong>ed constant dur<strong>in</strong>g the WP. Mean body<br />
weight (BW) and duration of UCC / WP did not differ between SV<br />
control piglets (n=20; BW: 1336± 417 g; WP: 7.0± 1.9 m<strong>in</strong>) and SV<br />
clamped piglets (n=16; BW: 1392± 403 g; UCC: 7.0± 1.1 m<strong>in</strong>). Only<br />
a mild, mixed respiratory-metabolic acidosis <strong>in</strong> umbilical artery blood<br />
was measured at 10 m<strong>in</strong> after cutt<strong>in</strong>g of the cord <strong>in</strong> SV UCC piglets,<br />
with lower pH (7.22; range 7.10-7.32) and BE (2 mmol/L; -3 to 7) and<br />
higher pCO2 (9.8 kPa; 7.0 – 12.2) and lactate values (6.5 mmol/L; 5.4<br />
– 8.9) compared to SV control piglets (pH: 7.31, range 7.17 – 7.38;<br />
BE: 5 mmol/L, range -6 to 10; pCO2: 8.5 kPa, range 6.8 – 12.2;<br />
lactate: 4.0 mmol/L, range 3.0 – 5.6), <strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntly of spontaneous<br />
breath<strong>in</strong>g, manual ventilation and BW. This study <strong>de</strong>monstrates that<br />
loss of umbilical cord function alone is not responsible for severe<br />
asphyxia dur<strong>in</strong>g birth. The response to UCC was rather variable with<br />
respect to onset of the second HR <strong>de</strong>crease and the <strong>de</strong>gree of acidosis.<br />
The latter was not as severe as reported by Herp<strong>in</strong> et al. <strong>in</strong> 1996 (pH <<br />
7.00; pCO2 >11.8 kPa; lactate >7.2 mmol/L ) for highly asphyxiated,<br />
vag<strong>in</strong>ally <strong>de</strong>livered piglets.<br />
P397<br />
Biochemical profile of the amniotic fluid at the <strong>de</strong>livery<br />
moment of the Nelore calves conceived by <strong>in</strong> vitro<br />
production and embryo transfer<br />
Moya, CF 1 *; Piagent<strong>in</strong>i, M 1 ; Prestes, NC 1 ; Lucidi, CA 2 ; Takahira, RK 2<br />
1Department of Animal <strong>Reproduction</strong> and Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Radiology, São Paulo<br />
State University - FMVZ/UNESP, Brazil; 2 Department of Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Cl<strong>in</strong>ics,<br />
São Paulo State University - FMVZ/UNESP, Brazil<br />
The purpose of the present study was to quantify biochemical<br />
constituents of the amniotic fluid of the Nelore calves conceived by <strong>in</strong><br />
vitro production and embryo transfer at the <strong>de</strong>livery moment. Forty<br />
cows divi<strong>de</strong>d <strong>in</strong> 2 groups were used <strong>in</strong> this experiment: 01- Twenty<br />
cows pregnant with Nelore calves obta<strong>in</strong>ed by <strong>in</strong> vitro production<br />
after follicular aspiration; 02 - Twenty cows pregnant with Nelore<br />
calves obta<strong>in</strong>ed by superovulation of embryo donors. The animals<br />
were fed on pasture with m<strong>in</strong>eral salt, supplement of corn silage and<br />
ration <strong>in</strong> the rural area <strong>in</strong> Avaré, São Paulo, Brazil. Near to the labor,<br />
the cows were transferred to a maternal paddock, permitt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>de</strong>livery<br />
observation. Dur<strong>in</strong>g the expulsion phase the amnion was punctured<br />
and 15mL of fluid were collected, kept <strong>in</strong> a plastic tube and stored <strong>in</strong> a<br />
freezer. The evaluation of the biochemical parameters were ma<strong>de</strong><br />
through commercial kits. Total prote<strong>in</strong>, glucose, chlori<strong>de</strong> and urea<br />
were <strong>de</strong>term<strong>in</strong>ed by colorimetric spectrophotometry. Creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e and<br />
gama glutamyltransferase (GGT) were <strong>de</strong>term<strong>in</strong>ed by k<strong>in</strong>etic<br />
spectrophotometry. Potassium and sodium were <strong>de</strong>term<strong>in</strong>ed by flame<br />
photometry. Statistics <strong>in</strong>clu<strong>de</strong>d analysis of variance and Tukey test<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g 5% as the level of significance. The mean values and their<br />
standard error for the biochemical parameters obta<strong>in</strong>ed from the<br />
amniotic fluid <strong>in</strong> the Group 01 were: 0.45±0.46 g/dL for total prote<strong>in</strong>,<br />
4.4±6.1 mg/dL for glucose, 8.0±5.3 mg/dL for creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>, 40.3±16.5<br />
mg/dL for urea, 17.2±14.6 UI/L for GGT, 63.7±31.5 b mmol/L for<br />
chlori<strong>de</strong>, 94.8±33.6 mmol/L for sodium and 8.3±7.1 a mmol/L for<br />
potassium. The mean values and their standard error for the<br />
biochemical parameters obta<strong>in</strong>ed from the amniotic fluid <strong>in</strong> the Group<br />
02 were: 0.36±0.57 g/dL for total prote<strong>in</strong>, 6.7±7.7 mg/dL for glucose,<br />
5.9±4.9 mg/dL for creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>a, 38.3±20.5 mg/dL for urea, 22.6±13.0<br />
UI/L for GGT, 88.8±23.8 a mmol/L for chlori<strong>de</strong>, 77.7±33.4 mmol/L for<br />
sodium and 3.9±1.8 b mmol/L for potassium (p