Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

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16 t h International Congress on Animal Reproduction 132 Poster Abstracts P315 Supression of ovarian cyclic function and estrous behaviour in captive African lionesses (Panthera leo) induced by the use of subcutaneous implants of the GnRH agonist, deslorelin Guimaraes, MABV 1 *, Pizzutto, CS 1 , Braga, DPAF 2 , Correa, SHR 3 , Oliveira, CA 1 , Trigg, TE 4 1Animal Reproduction, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2 Fertility Dept, Assisted Fertilization Center, Brazil,; 3 Veterinary Division, Sao Paulo Zoo, Brazil; 4 Managing Director, Peptech Animal Health Limited, Australia Captive maintenance of large carnivores can produce overpopulation, especially with highly prolific species such African lions.This condition tends to promote the inbreeding of captive individuals leading to a reduction of the genetic diversity. The increasing of the captive population also brings the problem of space availability and the consequent increase of fights between captive animals.The aim of this work was to achieve suppression of the ovarian cyclic function and the estrous behaviour in captive African lionesses (Panthera leo) using subcutaneous implants of the GnRH agonist deslorelin. Four captive adult lionesses, with successful breeding history, were treated with subcutaneous implants containing 9.4mg deslorelin acetate (Suprelorin 12®, Peptech Animal Health Pty Limited, Australia). They were followed using serial collection, extraction and dosage of fecal metabolites of estradiol and progesterone during 36 months. The occurrence of estrous behaviour along the same period of time was recorded, as well. During the whole period of the study, an adult vasectomised male African lion was kept within the group in order to detect heat. It was demonstrated that the effect of suppression of ovarian cyclicity and estrous behaviour were achieved in all lionesses and it lasted for 22 and 31 months for two of the animals and more than 36 months for the remaining two. During the time of this study it was observed marked reduction of aggression and improvement of the general body condition. These results strongly suggest that the deslorelin implants can be used for reversible contraception and reduction of aggression in captive lionesses. P316 Effect of a natural diet on the health and reproductive success of captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanolueca) Hou, R* Research Center, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, China The natural diet of giant pandas consists nearly entirely of bamboo. In the 52 years of maintaining giant pandas in captivity in China, however, the diet of these animals has contained a significant amount of concentrated food items such as bovine milk, eggs, beef, corn, rice and wheat. On this diet, captive giant pandas suffer from chronic diarrhea and frequent bouts of intestinal pain and mucous faeces. In September 2005, the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding (Chengdu Panda Base) changed the diet of all its adult and subadult giant pandas from the traditional captive diet to one comprised almost entirely of bamboo and bamboo shoots. In the two years since this nutritional adjustment, the health and reproductive success of the pandas at the Chengdu Panda Base has improved dramatically. The animals no longer have diarrhea, the occurrence of mucous faeces is rare, faecal quality and quantity have improved, the duration of post-weaning diarrhea in cubs has decreased significantly, with no new cases of chronic diarrhea, and the body weights of adult pandas have increased. Preliminary data comparing male reproductive function on the traditional diet with that on the bamboo diet suggests that testicular volume increased from 337.6 cm3 to 446.3 cm3 and abnormal sperm decreased from 54.6% to 28.7%. The number of live births has also improved greatly. In the seven years from 1999 to 2005, live births averaged 63.3% per breeding female (19/30). In 2006 and 2007, these figures increased to 92.9% (13/14). In conclusion, a natural diet that allows ad libitum consumption of bamboo and bamboo shoots and minimal supplementation with concentrates is important to the health and reproductive success of captive giant pandas. P317 Successful production of Koala pouch young following AI using electroejaculated and extended-chilled semen Johnston, SD 1 *; Allen, C 1 ; Burridge, M 2 ; Mulhall, S 3 ; Holt, W 4 ; Carrick, F 1 ; Lundie-Jenkins, G 5 ; Curlewis, J 1 1The University of Queensland, Australia; 2 Dreamworld, Australia; 3 Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary, Australia; 4 Institute of Zoology, England; 5 Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland), Australia Artificial insemination in the koala using chilled electroejaculated semen provides for a marked improvement in the reproductive and genetic management of captive colonies of koalas in Australia and overseas, as well as making available the option of using semen collected from wild populations to expand restricted gene pools. Dilution of koala semen for artificial insemination is complicated by this species being an induced ovulator and it is thought that ovulationinducing factors are present in the semen, so that semen extension for preservation purposes might be anticipated to result in a failure to induce ovulation. This study was designed to determine whether artificial insemination using undiluted, extended and extended-chilled semen collected by electroejaculation was capable of inducing a luteal phase and/or the production of pouch young. In Experiment 1, 1 mL of undiluted electroejaculated semen, 2 mL of 1:1 diluted semen and 1 mL of 1:1 diluted semen resulted in 7/9, 6/9 and 6/9 koalas showing a luteal phase respectively; in each treatment 4 pouch young were produced. A second artificial insemination experiment was conducted in which 2 mL of diluted (1:1) semen was deposited in 3 groups of 9 koalas. The first group received semen that had been collected and diluted immediately without chilling, the second group received semen stored chilled for 24 h, while the final group was inseminated with extended ejaculates that had been chilled for 72 h. In the first group, 5 females had a luteal phase but none gave birth. In the second group, 2 of the 5 females that had a luteal phase gave birth, while in the third group, 4 of the 6 females that had a luteal phase produced pouch young. These experiments have shown that it is possible to use undiluted, extended or extended-chilled semen to produce koala offspring at conception rates similar to those achieved following natural mating. These findings represent a significant advance in the use of reproductive technology in marsupials and provide the basis for the shipment of koala semen over long distances. The pouch young produced in this study represent the first marsupials born following artificial insemination using extended-chilled semen and bring the total number of koalas produced by artificial insemination to 31. P318 Hierarchical structure effect over reproductive function in captive collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) Mayor, P 1 , Couron, E 2 , Jori, F 3 , Manteca, FX 4 , Lopez-Bejar, M 1 * 1Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; 2 Station Expérimentale de Soucoumou,, Chambre d’Agriculture de Guyane, French Guiana; 3 Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Production, CIRAD, France; 4 Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain Introduction The social organization may influence physiological functions, especially the reproductive one. Thus, the study of the effect of hierarchical structure of the herd on reproductive function is essential to improve the efficacy of animal captive breeding systems. A great variation in the reproductive performance of different captive collared peccary females, and the presence in general of two kinds of females has been reported: females with a good reproductive success and continuous reproductive function, and females with no reproductive event. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the dominance index status and the estrous cyclicity of collared peccary females maintained in captivity. Material and methods Twelve collared peccary females were kept in captivity on an experimental farm of Chambre d’Agriculture de Guyane at Soucoumou, Kourou (French Guyana). Four experimental groups, composed by 3 females and 1 male, were established in paddocks with an area of 6.09 m2, which resulted in an average occupied space of 1.52 m2 per animal. During an experimental period
16 t h International Congress on Animal Reproduction Poster Abstracts 133 of 90 days, both behavioral and reproductive data were simultaneously collected. Agonistic encounters were recorded and a social dominance index was assigned to each female per group. Sexual cyclicity of females was determined through the study of fecal progesterone and vaginal cytology features every 3 days. Weight and age of all females were also recorded. Results and discussion Cycling females presented heavier body weight than non-cycling females and showed an average estrous cycle length of 28.63 ± 3.55 days (range: 22 to 33 days). Dominant females were more likely to show regular cyclicity, compared with subordinate females. All experimental groups presented at least a cycling, and a non-cycling female. All dominant females were cycling, and all but one subordinate female were non-cycling. This study suggests that there exist a strong hierarchical structure in groups of collared peccary females that largely affects their reproductive function. In captive breeding systems, stress is an important cause of impaired reproductive and maternal performance, throughout mechanisms acting on the hypothalamic, pituitary, ovarian and uterine function. This study pretends to provide information useful to develop new management strategies that minimize any detrimental behavioral and physiological consequences of breeding collared peccaries in groups. The dominance index could act as a limiting factor over the reproductive functionality of the collared peccary. P319 Genome resource bank in Moscow Zoo Maksudov, G 1 *, Shishova, NV 2 1Scientific department, Moscow Zoo, Russian Federation, 2 Genom Conservation Laboratory, Institution on Cell Biophysic, Russian Acad. Sci. Introduction In Russia, where natural resources are used intensively, creation of cryobanks is the chance to save many species from extinction. Considering that rare species generally have low number and collection of germ plasm in situ is questionable, zoos are the important source of germ plasm for banking. A practical implementation of this idea is often troublesome. Reproductive data exist only for a few species. They differ from their domestic counterparts, which makes the direct transfer of cryopreservation techniques a real challenge. Moscow "Frozen zoo" program includes three main directions: vital semen collection; post mortal testes; investigation of rare species semen parameters. Materials and methods Semen was collected by electroejaculation (Pulsator-IV, Lane Mfg) with self made probes (mammals), or by massage techniques (birds). The post-mortem testes were excised from dead males and stored at 4°С. Then spermatozoa were recovered from the cauda epididymis, accessed and frozen. Semen assessment was both standard and with sperm analyzer (SFA-500 Biola Ltd). Pellet and straw methods, different extenders were used for freezing. Glycerol for mammals, DMSO and DMF for cranes spermatozoa were used as cryoprotectants Results List of cryopreserved specimens now includes: 47 samples from six males of Siberian crane Grus leucogeranus; 3 samples from two white-naped cranes Grus vipio; one semen sample of Japanese crane G. japonensis and one from sandhill crane G. canadiensis. 8 samples from four Amur leopard males Panthera pardus orientalis; one sample from Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica; 3 samples from three males of Spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus, two electroejaculated and one post mortal sample; postmortal sample from one markhor Capra falconeri male 2 post mortal samples from two males of white-tailed gnu Connochaetes gnou; post mortal sample from one East Caucasian tur Capra cylindricornis; 2 samples from European mink Mustela lutreola and 4 samples from American mink M. vison. Also we store goat and donkey semen samples. Some samples from different species were thawed and investigated. Conclusions Genome resource bank is important tool to save genetic material of rare species in zoos, but further applications of cryopreservation techniques are urgently needed. We collaborate with EEP, IZW, Oka Crane Center and supported RFBR, grant N. 06-04- 49268. P320 Deslorelin affects reproduction and behaviour of female western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus ocydromus) Mayberry, C School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia The control of wild animal populations by shooting is becoming less socially acceptable, creating a requirement for more imaginative means of limiting population growth. A promising approach uses depot formulations of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonists. We are investigating the use of Suprelorin®, a depot formulation of the GnRH super-agonist deslorelin, to suppress reproduction as part of an Australia-wide project, the Koala and Kangaroo Contraception Program. Two types of GnRH are found in most mammals. GnRH-I drives the production and release of pituitary gonadotrophins. GnRH-II affects sexual, feeding and possibly other, behaviours. In mice and musk shrew exogenous GnRH-II causes females to eat less when feed is abundant and to restore sexual behaviour that has been suppressed by feed restriction. In November/December 2006 on a reserve in the southwest of Western Australia, we treated 24 free-ranging female western grey kangaroos with 4.7 (n = 8) or 9.4 (n = 7) mg of deslorelin, or a placebo (n = 9). Eleven of the kangaroos were either already pregnant or conceived to give birth between November 2006 and February 2007. None of the kangaroos treated with deslorelin conceived more than 15 days after treatment. Four kangaroos, one each from the placebo and 4.7 mg groups, and two from the 9.4 mg group, disappeared or died from unrelated causes. We monitored the morning attendance of the remaining kangaroos at a feeding station from March to October 2007. All 12 deslorelin-treated kangaroos attended regularly at the feeding station. Six of the 8 placebo kangaroos attended at the feeding station only intermittently after July. Attendance at the feeding station was independent of pouch young. Eight of the 12 deslorelin-treated animals had no pouch young and two more lost their pouch young by May. Three of the eight placebo animals had no pouch young and another lost her pouch young by May. The six kangaroos that had pouch young all year and the three kangaroos that lost their pouch young between February and May 2007 did not use the feeding station regularly after July. Although favourable weather conditions in 2007 resulted in abundant natural feed supplies on this reserve and placebo treated kangaroos decreased their use of the feeding station, the deslorelin-treated kangaroos maintained their use of the station. These results suggest that long acting formulations of deslorelin may affect feeding behaviour in female western grey kangaroos. P321 Development of regular individual faecal sample collections from group housed African wild dogs (Lycaon Pictus) in a European Zoo setting: evidence of oestrus without male presence Paris, M 1,2 *; Schwarzenberger, F 3 ; Thomas, R 4 ; Jabbour, H 1,5 ; Farstad, W 6 , Millar, R 1,5 1Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered African Mammals (IBREAM), Edinburgh, UK; 2 Dept. of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands; 3 Dept. of Natural Sciences – Biochemistry, Vet. Med., Austria; 4 Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; 5 MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, United Kingdom; 6 Dept. of Reproduction and Forensic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Norway The African wild dog (Lycaon Pictus) is a group-living carnivore, and they hunt and reproduce in a cooperative manner. European Zoos generally attempt to imitate the natural situation as closely as possible by group housing and carcass feeding. This makes collection of regular individual faecal sampling for endocrine monitoring a challenge. This study describes the development of a reliable food marking technique to enable frequent individually identifiable faecal collections. Three UK based zoological institutions participated in this
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals - Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

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