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Zazzo A; Merceron G; Blondel C; Vignaud P;
Likius A; Mackaye H T; Brunet M. Palaeogeography
Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,
2005, 221(1-2): 153-174 4 图 版 .
Carbon isotope composition and microwear
analyses of tooth enamel were used to
reconstruct the diet of late Miocene hippopotamids
unearthed in the Toros-Ménalla area,
Chad, contemporary to the oldest known
hominids. A large sample of wild modern
Hippopotamus amphibius from various locations
in Africa was also analysed for comparison.
Isotopic analyses showed that the modern
hippo, reputedly a strict grazer, has a more
varied diet than usually thought, including a
significant amount of C 3 plants in closed to
moderately open environments. Enamel
formed before weaning was on average 3‰
depleted in 13 C compared to post-weaning
enamel, a pattern that could be partially explained
by milk consumption. The observed
micro-wear pattern of the modern hippo differs
from that of other modern ungulates. We
explain the very abundant fine scratches and
small pits found on these hippo teeth by the
preference for fresh short grasses with low
silicon content. The diet of the late Miocene
hippopotamid was probably close to that of
the modern Hip. amphibius, but included a
larger amount of C 3 plants. This contradicts
previous palaeoecological findings based on
relative hypsodonty degree and indicates that
the modern feeding behaviour of large hippos
was already developed at the end of the Miocene,
when C 4 grass exploitation by large ungulates
became much more frequent in Africa.
Finally, it also indicates that C 4 grasses were a
significant component in late Miocene environments
of Central Africa.
2008010254
纽 约 州 sewell 地 区 脊 椎 动 物 化 石 REE 标
志 : 对 K-T 界 线 位 置 的 指 示 意 义 = REE
signatures in vertebrate fossils from sewell, NJ:
implications for location of the K-T boundary.
( 英 文 ). Staron R M; Grandstaff B S; Gallagher
W B; Grandstaff D E. Palaios, 2001,
16(3): 255–265
Rare Earth Element (REE) signatures have
been used to test whether mosasaur bones in a
basal Hornerstown Formation bonebed (the
Main Fossiliferous Layer, or MFL) in New
Jersey were reworked from the underlying
Maastrichtian beds or deposited synchronously
with the bones of other taxa in the
Hornerstown Formation. The interpreted age
of the bonebed (Maastrichtian vs. Danian) and
the position of the K-T boundary in New Jersey
are affected by the possible reworking.
Statistical techniques, such as ANOVA and
Discriminant Analysis, show that signatures of
REE in MFL bones are different from those of
bones in either the underlying Navesink Formation
or the upper part of the Hornerstown
Formation, suggesting a unique depositional
setting for this bonebed. REE signatures of the
MFL mosasaur bones conform with signatures
in bones from other taxa within the MFL, suggesting
that their deposition was contemporaneous
with that of the other taxa. Thus, the
MFL bonebed appears to be Cretaceous in age
and the K-T boundary must be in or above the
MFL, within the Hornerstown Formation.
2008010255
图 库 曼 国 家 大 学 Miguel Lillo 研 究 所 古 脊
椎 动 物 藏 品 中 的 非 哺 乳 犬 齿 兽 类 目 录 及 其
评 述 = Catalogue of non-mammalian cynodonts
in the Vertebrate Paleontology Collection
of the Institute Miguel Lillo, Universidad
Nacional de Tucuman, with comments on species.
( 英 文 ). Abdala F. Ameghiniana, 2000,
37(4): 463-476
An annotated list of non-mammalian cynodont
materials in the Vertebrate Paleontology
Collection of the Institute Miguel Lillo (PVL),
Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, is presented.
This is the most important collection
of South American Triassic tetrapods. The list
is arranged at the familial level, with information
on global geographic distribution and systematics.
In addition, information about taxonomic
status and synonymy is provided for
each species represented in the collection.
2008010256
新 疆 水 龙 兽 新 材 料 兼 论 陆 相 二 叠 - 三 叠 系 界
线 = The Lystrosaurus fossils from Xinjiang
and their bearing on the terrestrial Permian-
Triassic boundary. ( 中 文 ). 刘 俊 ; 李 锦 玲 ; 程 政
武 . 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 , 2002, 40(4): 267-275
记 述 了 新 疆 锅 底 坑 组 的 两 件 水 龙 兽 标 本 ,
其 中 产 自 吉 木 萨 尔 县 的 一 件 层 位 最 低 , 被 鉴
定 为 杨 氏 水 龙 兽 相 似 种 (Lystrosaurus cf. L.
youngi)。 在 支 序 分 析 的 基 础 上 对 比 了 中 国
与 南 非 的 水 龙 兽 , 认 为 两 地 的 水 龙 兽 大 多 数
分 别 构 成 单 系 类 群 。 总 结 了 中 国 新 疆 水 龙
兽 在 锅 底 坑 组 和 韭 菜 园 组 下 部 出 现 的 层 位 ,
并 讨 论 了 以 水 龙 兽 来 确 定 陆 相 二 叠 - 三 叠 系
界 线 。
2008010257
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