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ones of extinct Pleistocene megafauna, along<br />

with Clovis tool assemblages, occur below<br />

this black layer but not within or above it.<br />

Causes for the extinctions, YD cooling, and<br />

termination of Clovis culture have long been<br />

controversial. In this paper, we provide evidence<br />

for an extraterrestrial (ET) impact event<br />

at 12.9 ka, which we hypothesize caused<br />

abrupt environmental changes that contributed<br />

to YD cooling, major ecological reorganization,<br />

broad-scale extinctions, and rapid human<br />

behavioral shifts at the end of the Clovis Period.<br />

Clovis-age sites in North American are<br />

overlain by a thin, discrete layer with varying<br />

peak abundances of (i) magnetic grains with<br />

iridium, (ii) magnetic microspherules, (iii)<br />

charcoal, (iv) soot, (v) carbon spherules, (vi)<br />

glass-like carbon containing nanodiamonds,<br />

and (vii) fullerenes with ET helium, all of<br />

which are evidence for an ET impact and associated<br />

biomass burning at 12.9 ka. This<br />

layer also extends throughout at least 15 Carolina<br />

Bays, which are unique, elliptical depressions,<br />

oriented to the northwest across the Atlantic<br />

Coastal Plain. We propose that one or<br />

more large, low-density ET objects exploded<br />

over northern North America, partially destabilizing<br />

the Laurentide Ice Sheet and triggering<br />

YD cooling. The shock wave, thermal<br />

pulse, and event-related environmental effects<br />

(e.g., extensive biomass burning and food<br />

limitations) contributed to end-Pleistocene<br />

megafaunal extinctions and adaptive shifts<br />

among PaleoAmericans in North America.<br />

2008010575<br />

青 海 省 西 宁 市 大 墩 岭 黄 土 剖 面 元 素 组 分 变<br />

化 与 第 四 纪 古 气 候 演 化 = Variation of elements<br />

content along the dadunlin loess profile<br />

in Xining City,Qinghai,and paleoclimate evolution.<br />

( 中 文 ). 王 永 明 ; 侯 元 才 . 青 海 地<br />

质 , 2002, 10(S1): 1-5,9<br />

根 据 黄 土 剖 面 中 古 土 壤 系 列 与 砂 质 黄 土<br />

中 常 量 元 素 氧 化 物 含 量 基 本 特 征 , 主 要 地 质<br />

特 征 、 黄 土 堆 积 与 古 土 壤 形 成 古 气 候 环<br />

境 、 演 化 过 程 与 主 要 元 素 组 分 特 征 、 关 系<br />

进 行 了 讨 论 , 结 合 孢 粉 测 年 等 资<br />

料 ,1.19MaB.P. 黄 土 形 成 以 来 的 气 候 演 变 过<br />

程 与 元 素 组 分 变 化 关 系 。<br />

2008010576<br />

青 藏 高 原 东 北 缘 1.2MaB.P. 以 来 各 阶 段 古<br />

气 候 演 变 = Paleoclimate evolution in various<br />

stages since 1.2 Ma.B.P.in northeastern Qinghai-Xizang<br />

Plateau. ( 中 文 ). 侯 元 才 ; 许 伟 林 ;<br />

俞 建 ; 周 亚 芝 . 青 海 地 质 , 2001, 10(S1): 10-16<br />

对 青 藏 高 原 东 北 缘 北 祁 连 山 、 门 源 盆<br />

地 、 西 宁 盆 地 化 隆 、 贵 德 — 共 和 等 地 第 四<br />

纪 沉 积 物 沉 积 特 征 、 孢 粉 组 合 、 14 C 、<br />

TL( 热 释 光 ) 等 测 年 资 料 , 综 合 分 析 发 现 本 区<br />

第 四 纪 沉 积 物 最 早 达 1.2Ma, 总 结 分 析 了<br />

1.2MaB.P. 以 来 古 气 候 演 变 历 程 , 可 以 确 定 存<br />

在 四 期 主 要 寒 冷 事 件 。<br />

2008010577<br />

美 国 北 达 科 他 威 利 斯 顿 盆 地 古 新 世 - 始 新 世<br />

界 线 区 域 风 化 剖 面 的 陆 源 证 据 = Terrestrial<br />

records of a regional weathering profile at the<br />

Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Williston<br />

Basin of North Dakota. ( 英 文 ). Clechenko E<br />

R; Kelly D C; Harrington G J; Stiles C A.<br />

Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2007,<br />

119(3-4): 428-442<br />

The "orange zone" within the Bear Den<br />

Member of the Golden Valley Formation<br />

(Williston Basin, North Dakota) represents a<br />

terrestrial weathering profile formed by intense<br />

pedogenesis during an ancient (ca. 55<br />

Ma) global warming event referred to as the<br />

Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Distinctive<br />

features of the orange zone include: (1)<br />

high abundances of kaolinite, (2) a strongly<br />

leached character with a bright orange ironenriched<br />

horizon, (3) poor organic carbon<br />

preservation, and (4) ferric pans/pisoliths at its<br />

basal contact, equivalent to modern lateritic<br />

materials. Though conclusive evidence, such<br />

as a distinctive Paleocene-Eocene thermal<br />

maximum flora and/or definitive carbon isotope<br />

excursion, is lacking, the stratigraphic<br />

succession of palynofloral datums preserved<br />

within the upper part of the Bear Den orange<br />

zone is similar to that associated with the later<br />

stages of other terrestrial Paleocene-Eocene<br />

thermal maximum records from the U.S.<br />

Western Interior. Bulk 13 C org ratios decrease<br />

through the orange zone as well, but the magnitude<br />

of this isotopic decrease is less than that<br />

of the carbon isotope excursion. Thus, the collective<br />

evidence indicates that the early initial<br />

stages of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal<br />

maximum are either preserved within the barren,<br />

condensed interval of the lower orange<br />

zone or are missing altogether from the Williston<br />

Basin stratigraphy, and that the orange<br />

zone likely developed during the later recovery<br />

stages of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal<br />

maximum. The Williston Basin records generally<br />

agree with the tenet that continental<br />

weathering intensified during the Paleocene-<br />

147

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