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News Brief<br />
The Story of LTE in Hong Kong Told at<br />
Mobile World Congress in Barcelona<br />
CSL and <strong>ZTE</strong> announces details of the first phase of commercial LTE trial in Hong Kong<br />
on CSL’s NextG network<br />
The press conference held by CSL, Telstra and <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
February 16, 2010, Barcelona ―<br />
CSL, Hong Kong’s leading mobile<br />
network operator, its parent company<br />
Telstra, and <strong>ZTE</strong>, unveiled the<br />
milestones achieved since the launch<br />
of NextG, Hong Kong’s leading<br />
mobile network.<br />
In March 2009, CSL unveiled the<br />
commercial launch of NextG, the<br />
award-winning All-IP mobile broadband<br />
network. NextG was the world’s first<br />
SDR-based HSPA+ All-IP network. With<br />
peak <strong>download</strong> speeds up to 21Mbps and<br />
offering the widest coverage in Hong<br />
Kong, the network provides unrivalled<br />
mobility and performance.<br />
NextG’s SDR capability enables<br />
CSL to rapidly evolve from 3G to<br />
LTE through a software upgrade. This<br />
combined with CSL’s LTE spectrum<br />
(awarded by auction in 2009) means<br />
that CSL has set out a smooth and<br />
readily accessible path to LTE.<br />
In September 2009, CSL, Telstra and<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> announced the commencement of<br />
a LTE commercial trial network and<br />
demonstrated speeds up to 127Mbps<br />
utilizing this technology, a first for<br />
Asia and one of the first in the world.<br />
Today, CSL, Telstra and <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
announced the progress of the LTE<br />
trial which has seen 20 active and<br />
fully operational LTE cell sites rolled<br />
out in Hong Kong. These sites are<br />
currently being trialed as CSL, Telstra<br />
and <strong>ZTE</strong> examine the capabilities and<br />
characteristics of the next generation<br />
of mobile technologies.<br />
C S L’s C T O , M r. C h r i s t i a n<br />
Daigneault said, “A unique aspect of<br />
this trial is that it has moved out of<br />
the laboratory and ‘into the streets’.<br />
We are now testing the cell sites with<br />
a ‘consumer ready’ LTE USB modem<br />
and field trials of this are presently<br />
being conducted throughout our LTE<br />
network. We are very pleased with<br />
the results of these trials and the USB<br />
modem is performing extremely<br />
well, showing peak <strong>download</strong> speeds<br />
upwards of 100Mbps on the streets of<br />
Hong Kong. This means that maybe<br />
we have to revisit the time in which<br />
LTE will be commercially available<br />
and rolled out in networks across the<br />
world.”<br />
The evolution of the LTE network<br />
in Hong Kong has been a hot topic<br />
in the industry over the last year as<br />
CSL and <strong>ZTE</strong> pioneer new wireless<br />
uses for consumers and enterprises<br />
in the city and position themselves<br />
at the forefront of the global mobile<br />
telecommunications industry.<br />
Tarek Robbiati, Group Managing<br />
Director of Telstra International and<br />
CEO of CSL, also pointed out the<br />
stark changes in usage patterns since<br />
the launch of NextG. Mr. Robbiati<br />
said, “Data traffic has increased by<br />
20 times over that of the legacy 3G<br />
network and has now eclipsed voice<br />
traffic within our network. With the<br />
constant evolution of the network to<br />
higher speeds toward LTE and the<br />
proliferation of Smartphones and other<br />
devices, CSL expects the exponential<br />
growth in data traffic in Hong Kong<br />
to continue for many years. CSL<br />
will continue the investment in LTE<br />
technology to build one of the world’s<br />
most advanced networks in Hong<br />
Kong. This will deliver on our promise<br />
to our customers of a true mobile<br />
broadband service that helps them live<br />
their lives in the way that they want;<br />
in Hong Kong that means on the move<br />
and always connected.”
www.zte.com.cn<br />
A Monthly Publication<br />
Vol. 12 No. 3 Issue 122 March/2010<br />
P3<br />
Seize the Opportunity for Great Breakthroughs<br />
Interview<br />
An interview with Wang Xiyu, Vice President of <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
Wireless Product R&D Institute<br />
Focus<br />
P7<br />
Towards Next Generation<br />
Networks with Future Proof xPON<br />
Solutions<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is pioneering mature and<br />
commercialized 10G EPON products,<br />
and also takes a leading position in<br />
the field of XG-PON1 and WDM<br />
PON<br />
P12<br />
Elisa VDSL2 Leads Finland’s<br />
Broadband Market<br />
The successful application of VDSL2<br />
for UMTS backhaul has helped<br />
Elisa achieve true fixed and mobile<br />
convergence (FMC) in service<br />
delivery and maintenance<br />
P10<br />
Mature OAM: A Powerful Boost<br />
for 10G EPON<br />
P14<br />
Future-Oriented Green FTTx<br />
Solution<br />
Thanks to the strong affinity<br />
between 10G EPON and EPON,<br />
the 10G EPON OAM solution<br />
based on mature EPON OAM can<br />
effectively guarantee the smooth<br />
commercialization of 10G EPON<br />
Drawing on its rich experience in<br />
broadband access, <strong>ZTE</strong> is capable of<br />
delivering customized FTTx solution,<br />
helping operators build futureoriented<br />
green broadband networks<br />
with the lowest TCO
Third Eye<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s ZXA10 C300<br />
ZXA10 C300 is one of only a handful of FTTP OLT<br />
platforms supporting both standards based GPON and<br />
EPON, not to mention point-to-point active Ethernet<br />
FTTP and 10G EPON<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Looks to Further Broaden International Reach<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has proven its ability to secure major tenders<br />
in emerging markets as well as developed markets<br />
through innovation, customization and an integrated<br />
product suite<br />
P17<br />
ZXA10 C300<br />
Research Note<br />
Realizing the Software Evolution of Existing BOSS<br />
with <strong>ZTE</strong> SEEM<br />
The main advantage of SEEM is that it balances<br />
maintenance and evolution, extends the life-cycle of<br />
legacy BOSS component, and supports a heterogeneous<br />
environment<br />
Solution<br />
UEMS Boosts Network OAM Efficiency<br />
The core of UEMS is unification—transforming<br />
network management from distributed management to<br />
centralized management<br />
17<br />
20<br />
P25<br />
22<br />
25<br />
News Brief 27<br />
Editorial Board<br />
Editor-in-Chief: Gu Yongcheng<br />
Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Huang Xinming<br />
Editorial Director: Zhao Lili<br />
Executive Editor: Yue Lihua<br />
Editor: Paul Sleswick<br />
Circulation Manager: Wang Pingping<br />
Subscription / Customer Services<br />
Subscription to <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES<br />
is free of charge<br />
Tel: +86-551-5533356<br />
Fax: +86-551-5850139<br />
Email: wang.pingping@zte.com.cn<br />
Website: www.zte.com.cn<br />
Editorial Office<br />
Address: NO. 55, Hi-tech Road South, ShenZhen,<br />
P.R.China<br />
Postcode: 518057<br />
Tel: +86-755-26775211<br />
Fax: +86-755-26775217<br />
Email: yue.lihua@zte.com.cn<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Profile<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is a leading global provider of<br />
telecommunications equipment and network<br />
solutions. It has the widest and most complete<br />
product range in the world—covering virtually<br />
every sector of the wireline, wireless, service<br />
and terminals markets. The company delivers<br />
innovative, custom-made products and<br />
services to over 500 operators in more than<br />
140 countries, helping them achieve continued<br />
revenue growth and shape the future of the<br />
world’s communications.<br />
<br />
March 2010<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
Interview<br />
Seize the Opportunity for<br />
Great Breakthroughs<br />
An interview with Wang Xiyu, Vice President of <strong>ZTE</strong> Wireless Product R&D Institute<br />
By Fang Li<br />
The year 2009 was the birth<br />
year of 3G in China, and also<br />
a year for <strong>ZTE</strong> to make great<br />
achievements in wireless business.<br />
The success <strong>ZTE</strong> has achieved<br />
attributes to the market-driven<br />
R&D concept it has been adhering<br />
to. Since the 3G era, <strong>ZTE</strong> has been<br />
ranked among global mainstream<br />
mobile equipment suppliers, and has<br />
made massive breakthroughs in the<br />
wireless infrastructure equipment<br />
sector by firmly seizing the market<br />
opportunity to improve its R&D ability.<br />
Recently, reporter Fang Li of <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
TECHNOLOGIES interviewed Wang<br />
Xiyu, Vice President of <strong>ZTE</strong> Wireless<br />
Product R&D Institute.<br />
Wang Xiyu currently serves as Vice President of <strong>ZTE</strong> Wireless Product R&D<br />
Institute. He joined <strong>ZTE</strong> in July 1998, and worked successively as Director<br />
of CDMA Product Development Department and Vice General Manager<br />
of <strong>ZTE</strong> CDMA Division. Drawing on years of experience, Wang Xiyu has<br />
gained a deeper insight into the market and technology development of<br />
wireless infrastructure equipment.<br />
Journalist: At present, cloud computing<br />
and Internet of Things (IOT) have<br />
become hot topics of insiders and the<br />
boundary between communications and<br />
IT industry, or even between IT industry<br />
and other industries is being broken.<br />
How does <strong>ZTE</strong> view the development<br />
of these hot technologies<br />
Wang Xiyu: Recently, cloud computing<br />
becomes a hot topic among insiders.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has also paid great attention<br />
to it. Being developed from the IT<br />
field, cloud computing focuses on the<br />
concept of network-based services and<br />
completes storage and computing with<br />
cloud services to save operational costs.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010
Interview<br />
Technology<br />
innovation is a<br />
driving force to<br />
enhance product<br />
competitiveness.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>, as a latecomer<br />
to the mobile<br />
communications<br />
market, must strive<br />
to not only keep<br />
up with but also<br />
surpass its rivals<br />
through technology<br />
innovations.<br />
W i t h t h e d e e p e n i n g o f t h e<br />
convergence of communications and<br />
IT industry, cloud services and cloud<br />
storage have been deployed. At the<br />
wireless access side, the traditional base<br />
station structure can not be replaced<br />
by the current cloud computing<br />
technology due to the high real-time<br />
and high bandwidth requirements at<br />
the baseband/RF interface, but the<br />
distributed processing idea of cloud<br />
computing can gradually be used in the<br />
base stations.<br />
IOT has been a focus of attention<br />
in Europe and the United States now.<br />
Chinese operators have also actively<br />
participated in IOT workshops.<br />
C o m p a r e d w i t h t h e p r e v i o u s<br />
communications technology that<br />
could solve interaction of billions of<br />
people, IOT is introduced to solve<br />
interaction of 50 to 100 trillions of<br />
objects. IOT is a very important killer<br />
service of the existing 3G and future<br />
4G technologies. The application of<br />
IOT puts higher requirements not only<br />
on mobile bandwidth but also on realtime<br />
and reliable wireless transmission.<br />
The features of wireless technologies<br />
like broadband, IP-based and flat<br />
structure are provided to meet these<br />
requirements. The wireless signaling<br />
system shall also take into account<br />
some new scenarios brought about by<br />
IOT.<br />
Meanwhile, IOT itself is the<br />
c o n v e r g e n c e o f t h e w i r e l e s s<br />
transmission technology and sensor<br />
technology, and also an important<br />
expansion of the wireless application<br />
technology. <strong>ZTE</strong> has established IOT<br />
product line and related R&D institute<br />
based on its RFID products. We hope to<br />
rapidly develop advanced technologies<br />
and products in the field of IOT by<br />
leveraging our wealth of experience in<br />
wireless communications.<br />
J: How do you understand technology<br />
innovation Could you tell us about<br />
prominent technology innovations <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
has made in the wireless sector<br />
Wang: Technology innovation is<br />
a driving force to enhance product<br />
competitiveness. <strong>ZTE</strong>, as a latecomer<br />
to the mobile communications market,<br />
must strive to not only keep up with<br />
but also surpass its rivals through<br />
technology innovations. In this way,<br />
we can break the long-term monopoly<br />
by well-known overseas equipment<br />
vendors in the telecom market. In<br />
other words, whether to survive or die<br />
depends on technology innovation.<br />
On the other hand, we should<br />
avoid blind pursuit of technology<br />
innovations. All technology innovations<br />
must be driven by market demands.<br />
Those innovations capable of meeting<br />
customers’ needs are what we need,<br />
while those purely for technology are<br />
not what we want.<br />
Wireless technologies have evolved<br />
at a tremendous rate since 2000. In<br />
the past decade, three generations<br />
of wireless communication systems<br />
(2G/3G/4G) and more than 10 wireless<br />
standards were developed. For a<br />
long time, equipment vendors have<br />
all adopted one wireless standard for<br />
deployment of one type of base stations,<br />
which may result in huge investments<br />
and OAM difficulties. In China alone,<br />
the investments in building mobile<br />
base stations have reached hundreds of<br />
billions yuan.<br />
Due to the great difference in<br />
baseband/RF features of the systems<br />
of different wireless standards, the<br />
Software Defined Radio (SDR)<br />
technology has been found only in labs.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is the first in the industry to adopt<br />
the combined “soft baseband” and “hard<br />
accelerator” solution to enable baseband<br />
sharing among different wireless<br />
<br />
March 2010<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
standards. We have also launched a<br />
series of key broadband technologies:<br />
wide bandwidth LDMOS and multiband<br />
broadband transceivers to greatly<br />
increase the carrier density supported<br />
by a single base station, and solve the<br />
coexistence problem of multi-standard,<br />
multi-band wireless systems.<br />
Based on the SDR base station<br />
platform, <strong>ZTE</strong> took the lead to launch<br />
commercial dual-mode GSM/UMTS<br />
base stations and multi-mode CDMA/<br />
LTE and TD-SCDMA/LTE base<br />
stations. The base stations of multiple<br />
modes can operate on the same physical<br />
platform that allows for unified<br />
management and thus reduces CAPEX<br />
and OPEX. Moreover, <strong>ZTE</strong> has greatly<br />
widened the application scope and<br />
improved the performance of traditional<br />
cellular networks with a great number<br />
of innovative technologies regarding<br />
air interfaces and radio networking.<br />
The soft base stations launched by <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
have brought a great revolution to the<br />
conventional base stations, helping<br />
China move from a follower to a leader<br />
in the field of mobile communications.<br />
Based on the soft base stations, <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
has developed a series of technology<br />
innovations: it took the lead to put<br />
forward and realized the notions of<br />
“Super BTS” with large-capacity<br />
baseband pool and “O&M Factory”,<br />
which have fundamentally changed<br />
the construction mode of base stations;<br />
it provided SON key functions such<br />
as automatic upgrade and automatic<br />
configuration for 4G LTE base stations<br />
and took the lead to launch automatic<br />
network planning and optimization<br />
tools for 3G base station systems, which<br />
have brought great OPEX savings for<br />
operators; it succeeded in developing<br />
GoTa―China’s first digital trunking<br />
system with independent IPR―<br />
based on the SDR base stations, and<br />
succeeded in optimizing air interface<br />
standards and redefining network<br />
architecture to make the access time less<br />
than one second and achieve perfect<br />
convergence of traditional wireless<br />
services with radio trunked services;<br />
and it removed the impact of Doppler<br />
frequency shift on CDMA to implement<br />
Air-to-Ground (ATG) communications<br />
across the America.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has also made innovations in<br />
miniaturizing base stations. It launched<br />
in succession UMTS/CDMA/TD-<br />
SCDMA Remote RF Units (RRU) with<br />
the smallest size and lightest weight in<br />
the industry, which could be mounted<br />
on the wall, fastened to the pole, or<br />
placed on top of the tower to meet the<br />
installation requirements for various<br />
indoor/outdoor scenarios and thus save<br />
a great deal of equipment room space.<br />
Moreover, the adoption of advanced<br />
rack-management technology in the<br />
SDR base station has greatly enhanced<br />
the system’s fault locating capability<br />
and laid a foundation for cost-effective<br />
system expansion in the future.<br />
Clock synchronization is quite<br />
an important issue in the wireless<br />
system. Currently, mobile systems<br />
like CDMA2000, WiMAX, China’s<br />
home-grown TD-SCDMA and its<br />
evolution standard―LTE TDD, are<br />
all relying on the synchronous clock<br />
reference. Traditional clock reference<br />
relied on America GPS. Considering<br />
national security, China developed<br />
the Beidou navigation positioning and<br />
timing system on its own, and now<br />
the complete industrial chain is being<br />
formed. In addition to GPS, the SDR<br />
base station system can also use the<br />
home-made Beidou system solution.<br />
When necessary, it can switch from<br />
the GPS system to the Beidou timing<br />
system.<br />
Due to the high costs of equipment<br />
and engineering of the satellite<br />
receiving system, “IEEE1588V2” is<br />
adopted as an alternative to implement<br />
precise clock synchronization through<br />
the network. Thanks to its unremitting<br />
R&D efforts, <strong>ZTE</strong> succeeded in<br />
embedding the innovative IEEE1588V2<br />
protocol into the SDR base stations.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s self-developed synchronization<br />
algorithm can adapt to both new PTN<br />
and conventional networks deployed<br />
by operators. It supports frequency<br />
and phase synchronization, meeting<br />
the clock requirements of various<br />
wireless systems on the base stations.<br />
The synchronization system was<br />
commercialized in the network of Hong<br />
Kong CSL in 2009. In China Mobile’s<br />
TD-SCDMA testing, it reached the 8ns<br />
timing accuracy.<br />
J: The year 2009 was the birth year of<br />
3G in China, and also a year for <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
to make great achievements in wireless<br />
business. Would you tell us what<br />
breakthroughs <strong>ZTE</strong> has made in its<br />
R&D capabilities behind the continuous<br />
expansion of its market share<br />
Wang: The year 2009 was a year for<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> to make great breakthroughs in<br />
wireless business. Our achievements<br />
were made out of years of accumulation.<br />
Now we have reached a brand-new<br />
height in understanding the whole<br />
wireless network framework, core<br />
technologies, networking and customer<br />
needs. It is because the improvement<br />
of our overall capabilities that we can<br />
have a clear understanding of market<br />
needs and launch industry-leading<br />
SDR base station to obtain product<br />
competitiveness.<br />
In 2009, we made great efforts<br />
to promote the High Performance<br />
Product Development (HPPD),<br />
which includes planning in advance,<br />
systematic thinking, coordinated<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010
Interview<br />
development, and project management.<br />
T h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f H P P D<br />
makes a favorable combination of<br />
product planning and product R&D,<br />
significantly improving both the speed<br />
and quality of R&D. In 2009, the field<br />
quality of our wireless products was<br />
fundamentally enhanced.<br />
We also made groundbreaking<br />
improvements in our platform planning<br />
and architecture capabilities. <strong>ZTE</strong> is<br />
one of the few vendors in the industry<br />
that can develop a full range of wireless<br />
products. The unified platform it has<br />
developed can not only save R&D<br />
personnel resources but also boost our<br />
overall competitiveness in the wireless<br />
infrastructure segment.<br />
J: Would you please tell us about <strong>ZTE</strong>’s<br />
patent strategy for the wireless sector<br />
Wang: There are numerous patents<br />
in the telecom industry. Equipment<br />
vendors all hold several related patents,<br />
including basic patents, by participating<br />
in standards drafting and product<br />
development. It is unavoidable for<br />
them to use each other’s patents. The<br />
problem of patent infringement among<br />
them can only be solved by signing<br />
the patent cross-licensing agreement.<br />
Without the equal position to cross<br />
license with the other party, one has to<br />
solve the problem by paying money<br />
or even through legal actions. <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
attaches great importance to its patent<br />
strategy for the wireless sector. To date,<br />
it has applied more than 25,000 patents<br />
globally, where over 1,700 patents are<br />
used for the LTE/SAE field.<br />
Our patent strategy for the wireless<br />
field is divided into three stages:<br />
from 1999 to 2003, we improved our<br />
employees’ IPR awareness and the<br />
number of patent applications provided<br />
by each wireless product line; from<br />
2003 to 2009, we focused on patent<br />
quality and formed the basic IPR<br />
defense framework; from 2010 to 2014,<br />
we will significantly improve patent<br />
quality and develop the patent strategy<br />
for certain technical fields, for example,<br />
increase the number of basic patents in<br />
the 3G and LTE fields.<br />
In general, due to its late start in<br />
2G, <strong>ZTE</strong> has placed the focus of its<br />
patent strategy on 3G/4G and future<br />
evolution of wireless technologies.<br />
And meanwhile, <strong>ZTE</strong> enjoys promising<br />
prospects in the convergence of 2G/3G/<br />
4G networks.<br />
J: Finally, could you talk about<br />
the development trend of wireless<br />
technologies What is the consideration<br />
of <strong>ZTE</strong> in this regard<br />
Wang: The essence for developing<br />
wireless technologies is to satisfy<br />
the needs for information interaction<br />
between people, between objects,<br />
and between people and objects. The<br />
emergence of new applications like<br />
IOT has put new requirements on high<br />
availability of wireless data, such as:<br />
■ Higher bandwidth: LTE and LTE<br />
Advanced will provide Gigabit<br />
bandwidth. This puts higher<br />
requirements on combination<br />
efficiency of high-bandwidth<br />
spectrum, intra-cell spectrum and<br />
inter-cell spectrum. Therefore,<br />
Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP)<br />
transmission and carrier aggregation<br />
are new focuses of research.<br />
■ Higher real-timeliness: The<br />
current transmission delay is<br />
difficult to meet the requirements<br />
for electronic medical care and<br />
real-time experience. In addition to<br />
higher wireless transmission rates<br />
and higher scheduling efficiency of<br />
the base station, high real-timeliness<br />
also requires the entire transmission<br />
network to reduce transmission<br />
delay. Therefore, flat network<br />
architecture is a trend that can<br />
reduce the number of intermediate<br />
transmission and processing nodes<br />
being used.<br />
■ Higher reliability: In the future,<br />
important data demanding high<br />
security, e.g., a vast amount<br />
of electronic payments will be<br />
transmitted over the wireless<br />
network. This needs to ensure<br />
data security and reliability. In<br />
addition to reliable wireless data<br />
transmission, data encryption and<br />
decryption are also important in<br />
wireless technologies.<br />
Furthermore, operators’ needs for<br />
converging multiple networks at low<br />
TCO have posed new challenges for<br />
the form of base stations and their<br />
management. The base stations will<br />
be diverse in variety, from traditional<br />
macro base stations to Pico/Femto<br />
base stations. The development of<br />
components will also have great<br />
impact on the form of base stations.<br />
Nevertheless, wireless base stations<br />
will certainly evolve to be smaller,<br />
broadband-based, flat-based and<br />
collaborative.<br />
To control the future, one has to<br />
control the trend. <strong>ZTE</strong> has taken into<br />
full consideration the development of<br />
wireless technologies. The marketdriven<br />
R&D mechanism ensures us<br />
to grasp customer needs and trends in<br />
the industry. We have established the<br />
Wireless Standards Department and the<br />
Wireless Pre-R&D Center, and actively<br />
joined the international wireless<br />
standards organizations to track the<br />
development trends of the industry.<br />
And meanwhile, we will share with<br />
industrial partners our views on wireless<br />
development to jointly push forward the<br />
technology evolution.<br />
<br />
March 2010<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
Focus<br />
Towards<br />
Next Generation Networks with<br />
Future Proof xPON<br />
Solutions<br />
By Song Shijie<br />
EPON and GPON, both of<br />
which belong to the same<br />
generation of technology, can<br />
provide 1G/2G bandwidth. With hugestream<br />
broadband services like IPTV,<br />
HDTV, 3DTV and online game play,<br />
subscriber bandwidth requirements<br />
are predicted to increase in magnitude<br />
every five years, accelerating quickly.<br />
The bandwidth requirement per<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010
Focus<br />
subscriber, for example, is estimated<br />
to reach 50–100Mbps when mid-term<br />
and long-term development trends<br />
are taken into account. However, in<br />
current EPON and GPON interfaces,<br />
bandwidth bottlenecks have begun to<br />
appear. To address this problem, IEEE<br />
and ITU-T have put forward Next-<br />
Generation Passive Optical Network<br />
(NG-PON).<br />
Progress of NG-PON Standards<br />
IEEE 10G EPON<br />
1 0 G E P O N w a s f o r m a l l y<br />
standardized and published in the<br />
IEEE 802.3av in September 2009. The<br />
IEEE 802.3av task force focused on<br />
defining a new physical layer, keeping<br />
the MAC, MAC control and all the<br />
layers above unchanged to the greatest<br />
possible extent. The 802.3av standard<br />
has two core features: it expands the<br />
uplink/downlink bandwidth of the<br />
802.3ah standard to 10Gbps, and it has<br />
good compatibility, allowing for the<br />
coexistence of 10G EPON ONU and<br />
1G EPON ONU on the same ONU.<br />
This provides maximum protection<br />
of the operator’s investment. 10G<br />
EPON—an NG-PON technology<br />
featuring high bandwidth and good<br />
c o m p a t i b i l i t y — w i l l b e w i d e l y<br />
employed in the next few years.<br />
FSAN/ITU-T NG-PON<br />
NG-PON is defined in the ITU-T<br />
G.987 series. NG-PON standardization<br />
is currently being accelerated and<br />
all documentation on XG-PON1<br />
standards are expected to be published<br />
in 2011. The evolution of NG-PON<br />
can be divided by FSAN/ITU-T into<br />
two phases: NG-PON1 and NG-PON2.<br />
NG-PON1 is a mid-term upgrade from<br />
the GPON system, and is backwardly<br />
compatible with existing fiber<br />
installations. It can be further divided<br />
into two generations: XG-PON1 and<br />
XG-PON2, which are differentiated<br />
by the uplink data rate. NG-PON2, on<br />
the other hand, is a long-term solution<br />
with an entirely new optical network<br />
type—such as WDM PON.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> NG-PON Solution<br />
Drawing on a wealth of experience<br />
in access network installations, in<br />
2008, <strong>ZTE</strong> launched its ZXA10<br />
C300—the world’s first unified NG-<br />
PON platform supporting GPON,<br />
EPON, P2P, as well as the emerging<br />
next generation IEEE 10G EPON and<br />
FSAN/ITU-T NG-PON in a single<br />
shelf. <strong>ZTE</strong>’s next generation FTTx<br />
solution on the C300 platform offers<br />
the following features:<br />
■ Service provision: It can carry<br />
CATV, IPTV, voice, data, and<br />
mobile services, helping operators<br />
transform themselves into fullservice<br />
providers.<br />
■ Equipment support: It supports up<br />
to 16,384 subscribers in a single<br />
shelf with a maximum reach of<br />
60km; allows mixed insertion<br />
of a variety of PON boards like<br />
GPON, EPON, P2P, 10G EPON,<br />
10G GPON and WDM PON to<br />
ensure smooth evolution to NG-<br />
PON (while protecting operators’<br />
investments); and guarantees QoS,<br />
security control, and Zero-Touch<br />
management and maintenance.<br />
■ Access mode: It supports all major<br />
FTTx access modes including<br />
FTTH, FTTB, FTTC and FTTO.<br />
It also supports mobile backhaul<br />
to meet operator requirements for<br />
various application scenarios.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> 10G EPON<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> began pre-research into 10G<br />
EPON as early as 2006. It ascertained<br />
the requirements of major operators<br />
at home and abroad, and cooperated<br />
with PON chip manufactures, optical<br />
module manufacturers, and analog<br />
chip makers to jointly deliver an ideal<br />
10G EPON solution (see Figure 1).<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>, one of the leading advocates<br />
of 10G EPON, is actively involved<br />
in drafting 10G EPON standards, and<br />
serves as the editor for IEEE802.3av<br />
10G EPON. So far, it has made over<br />
20 technical contributions and given<br />
100 technical comments in 10G EPON<br />
standardization meetings.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> launched a prototype of the<br />
world’s first 10G EPON equipment<br />
in October 2008. It launched a<br />
commercial trial of asymmetrical 10G<br />
EPON equipment in May 2009, and a<br />
commercial trial of symmetrical 10G<br />
EPON equipment in October 2009. At<br />
present, <strong>ZTE</strong>’s 10G EPON products<br />
are being commercially used by China<br />
Mobile and China Telecom. These<br />
products have evolved smoothly from<br />
existing xPON equipment, and are<br />
helping the operators greatly enhance<br />
access bandwidth and service access<br />
capabilities of their networks.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> NG-PON<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is also deeply involved in<br />
pre-research work on NG-PON. It<br />
actively participates in drafting NG-<br />
PON standards and serves as the<br />
editor for ITU-T G.987 NG-PON. It<br />
is leading the industry in the research<br />
and development of 10G GPON and<br />
WDM PON.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has developed prototype<br />
equipment based on the XG-PON1<br />
standard that can meet operator<br />
<br />
March 2010<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
d e m a n d s f o r X G - P O N 1 t e s t s<br />
(including PMD verification in the<br />
FTTH scenario). It plans to launch the<br />
commercial trial of XG-PON1 cards<br />
based on the ZXA10 C300 platform<br />
in Q3, 2010. Figure 2 shows the<br />
coexistence of GPON and XG-PON.<br />
Furthermore, <strong>ZTE</strong> has a prototype<br />
of RSOA-based pure WDM PON<br />
equipment and a prototype of hybrid<br />
WDM PON equipment, and plans to<br />
launch the commercial trial of WDM<br />
PON cards based on the ZXA10 C300<br />
platform in Q2, 2010.<br />
Additionally, <strong>ZTE</strong> has initiated<br />
pre-research work on NG-PON2,<br />
including OCDMA PON, OFDM<br />
PON, and ECDMA PON.<br />
ZXA10 C300<br />
10G EPON<br />
10G EPON Card<br />
Advantages of <strong>ZTE</strong> NG-PON Platform<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s unified NG-PON platform,<br />
ZXA10 C300, has the following<br />
advantages:<br />
■ Lower power consumption and<br />
carbon footprint: ZXA10 C300<br />
can reduce power consumption by<br />
41% due to ASIC & PCB design<br />
and innovative methods of setting<br />
boards, ports and modules at idle<br />
status.<br />
■ Higher site savings: ZXA10 C300<br />
offers a higher density of PON<br />
modules, allowing 16,384 users<br />
to share the same platform. It<br />
also offers longer coverage with<br />
a range up to 60km. Compared to<br />
traditional OLT designs, ZXA10<br />
10G EPON ONU<br />
10G EPON ONU<br />
10G EPON ONU<br />
C300 combines the benefits of<br />
density and coverage to provide<br />
higher OPEX savings (as fewer<br />
sites are needed).<br />
■ F u t u r e p r o o f n e s s : S m o o t h<br />
evolution to 10G EPON and/or<br />
NG-PON is possible with ZXA10<br />
C300; only one new module is<br />
needed for the upgrade to 10G<br />
EPON or NG-PON. This enables<br />
a d d i t i o n a l C A P E X s a v i n g s<br />
compared to a traditional design—<br />
which requires the change of heavy<br />
hardware in the transition to 10G<br />
EPON and/or NG-PON.<br />
■ Industry recognition: Being an<br />
x P O N O N U , Z X D S L 9 8 0 6 H<br />
received two prestigious industry<br />
awards: the Convergence World<br />
Award in the category of “Best<br />
Green Innovation” (for its firstclass<br />
performance at the SOFNET<br />
Forum in London, April 2008),<br />
and the Infovision Award in the<br />
category of “Best Access Network<br />
Technologies and Services” (at the<br />
Broadband World Forum Europe in<br />
Berlin, October 2007).<br />
Figure 1. <strong>ZTE</strong> 10G EPON solution.<br />
GPON OLT<br />
TX<br />
TX<br />
XG-PON OLT<br />
Filter1<br />
RX<br />
Filter2<br />
RX<br />
CATV<br />
Figure 2. Coexistence of GPON and XG-PON.<br />
WDM<br />
GPON OLT<br />
TX<br />
RX<br />
XG-PON OLT<br />
TX<br />
RX<br />
Conclusion<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is committed to developing<br />
innovative NG-PON products. It<br />
is actively involved in NG-PON<br />
standardization in both the IEEE<br />
and ITU-T, and is the editor for<br />
IEEE802.3av and ITU-T G.987.<br />
Z T E i s p i o n e e r i n g m a t u r e a n d<br />
commercialized 10G EPON products,<br />
and also takes a leading position in the<br />
field of XG-PON1 and WDM PON.<br />
Its ZXA10 C300 is the industry’s first<br />
NG-PON integrated platform that can<br />
help operators smoothly evolve to<br />
NG-PON networks while protecting<br />
their investments.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010
Focus<br />
Mature OAM:<br />
A Powerful Boost for 10G EPON<br />
By Zhu Zhenghua<br />
The maturing of EPON standards<br />
and technologies has ushered in<br />
large-scale commercialization<br />
of EPON networks. Today, EPON<br />
installations in China have exceeded 20<br />
million lines. Being the leading EPON<br />
supplier in China, <strong>ZTE</strong> can deliver<br />
mature OAM solutions in light of the<br />
new characteristics of EPON networks.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has been integrating the<br />
research of FTTx OAM into its<br />
development of PON products. Its<br />
EPON OAM solution, drawing on<br />
years of field research experience,<br />
is highly recognized in China. It<br />
is helping Chinese operators push<br />
forward the construction of FTTx<br />
optical broadband access networks.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s EPON OAM solution offers the<br />
following advantages:<br />
■ Equipment commissioning: It<br />
supports Plug and Play (PnP)<br />
functionality, fast and zero touch<br />
deployment, easy management<br />
address planning and configuration,<br />
and needs little change in the case<br />
of equipment failure.<br />
■ Service provisioning: It supports<br />
multi-service configuration, as<br />
well as fast, centralized and batch<br />
service provisioning.<br />
■ Equipment management: It supports<br />
unified equipment management.<br />
The management system is easy to<br />
operate and has high performance.<br />
■ Service assurance: It provides<br />
e a r l y f a u l t w a r n i n g , r e m o t e<br />
fault diagnosis, and remote fault<br />
handling.<br />
■ Network monitoring: It provides<br />
remote equipment monitoring and<br />
operation environment monitoring.<br />
■ Network security: It provides<br />
equipment authentication, port<br />
location, user binding and user<br />
query.<br />
The 10G EPON standards are<br />
derived from EPON standards. The<br />
IEEE 802.3av 10G EPON Task Force<br />
has taken into full consideration<br />
wavelength planning, control protocols,<br />
and management mechanisms in<br />
drafting the 10G EPON standards.<br />
Except for the expanded EPON MPCP<br />
protocol (IEEE802.3) and additional<br />
10Gbps capability notification and<br />
negotiation mechanism, 10G EPON<br />
inherits almost all of the EPON<br />
standards, so it makes full use of the<br />
EPON OAM solution.<br />
S i n c e 1 0 G E P O N a l l o w s<br />
compatibility with and migration from<br />
legacy EPON networks, it is natural for<br />
a 10G EPON OAM solution to emerge<br />
from the basis of mature EPON OAM.<br />
10G EPON and EPON have similar<br />
service models<br />
As 10G EPON is similar to EPON<br />
in terms of equipment type, application<br />
scenario, VLAN model, and service<br />
identifier mapping, it is easy to learn<br />
and accept the service model of 10G<br />
EPON. Various types of ONU devices<br />
including SFU, HGU, SBU, MDU, and<br />
MTU, are recognized in the telecom<br />
market as useful in different application<br />
scenarios. These EPON ONU devices<br />
can be used for 10G EPON when<br />
their interface definitions are slightly<br />
modified. The service model and user<br />
model of EPON can also be used for<br />
10G EPON.<br />
10G EPON and EPON have similar<br />
service data<br />
The configuration, performance and<br />
alarm data of 10G EPON and EPON<br />
are defined in the same specification.<br />
Their service models are simple, with<br />
relevant data being added to 10G<br />
10 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
EPON. EPON has a well-defined<br />
fault diagnosis function, which can<br />
be used in 10G EPON after changing<br />
the precision and scope of relevant<br />
data. In the EPON specifications, three<br />
bandwidth types are defined: fixed<br />
bandwidth, assured bandwidth, and<br />
best effort bandwidth. These bandwidth<br />
types are also defined in 10G EPON—<br />
except a few modifications are made<br />
to the data concerning bandwidth,<br />
precision and step size for Dynamic<br />
Bandwidth Allocation (DBA). The<br />
configuration, performance, and alarm<br />
data of EPON can also be used in 10G<br />
EPON after a few modifications have<br />
been made.<br />
10G EPON and EPON have the same<br />
authentication mode and the same<br />
service fulfillment flow<br />
EMS<br />
ITMS<br />
SNMP<br />
OLT<br />
SNMP<br />
TR069<br />
Figure 1. Management modes for 10G EPON and EPON.<br />
As shown in Figure 1, EPON ONUs<br />
are managed in three modes: extended<br />
OAM, extended OAM and SNMP,<br />
and extended OAM and TR069. These<br />
management modes can be used<br />
for 10G EPON only by adding the<br />
extended OAM definition related to<br />
10G EPON.<br />
As the northbound interfaces of<br />
10G EPON are fully compatible with<br />
those of EPON, all EPON interface<br />
parameters can be used for 10G EPON.<br />
As a result, the whole OAM flow of<br />
10G EPON remains unchanged without<br />
the need to develop new interfaces or<br />
alter its service support system.<br />
10G EPON leverages the simplicity,<br />
OAM<br />
ONU<br />
ONU<br />
MDU<br />
SFU<br />
low cost, and mature industrial chain of<br />
the EPON and Ethernet technologies,<br />
and its large-scale commercialization<br />
is just around the corner. Global<br />
mainstream operators have predicted<br />
that 10G EPON will see widespread<br />
commercial installation within one<br />
year, and its technologies and industrial<br />
chain will experience booming growth.<br />
C u r r e n t l y, m a j o r o p e r a t o r s<br />
worldwide are paying increasing<br />
attention to 10G EPON. Some of<br />
them—like Japan’s NTT DoCoMo,<br />
Korea’s KT, France Telecom, Telecom<br />
Italia, and Taiwan’s Chunghwa<br />
Telecom—are conducting 10G EPON<br />
technology and equipment assessment,<br />
and some of them have even run 10G<br />
EPON field trials.<br />
Thanks to the strong affinity between<br />
10G EPON and EPON, the 10G EPON<br />
OAM solution based on mature EPON<br />
OAM can effectively guarantee the<br />
smooth commercialization of 10G<br />
EPON.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
11
Focus<br />
Elisa VDSL2 Leads<br />
Finland’s Broadband Market<br />
By Xue Qikang<br />
With more than 2.2 million<br />
mobile subscribers and<br />
1.3 million fixed line<br />
subscribers, Elisa is Finland’s second<br />
largest operator of integrated services.<br />
It also leads the Finnish broadband<br />
market with over 513,000 broadband<br />
subscribers.<br />
E x i s t i n g A D S L 2 + n e t w o r k s ,<br />
however, cannot meet increasing<br />
bandwidth demands, and the emerging<br />
FTTH faces enormous investment<br />
pressure. Governments and operators<br />
in Finland are therefore seeking<br />
better solutions for the accessibility<br />
of feature-rich high-speed broadband<br />
services in order to retain home users<br />
and local enterprise users.<br />
Faced with new market competition<br />
during the global economic crisis, Elisa<br />
chose to cooperate with <strong>ZTE</strong> in 2008<br />
to deploy a new broadband access<br />
platform.<br />
With the rapid development of<br />
carrier-class broadband technologies<br />
and the explosive growth of their<br />
subscriber base and network traffic,<br />
Elisa hopes to deliver full, high quality<br />
services to its customers. VDSL2 is<br />
a new broadband access technology<br />
that is compatible with ADSL2+ and<br />
supports up to 100M uplink/downlink<br />
bandwidth. As VDSL2 can be used<br />
to offer ultra-high bandwidth—<br />
while saving operators’ investment<br />
in subscriber loops—it has become<br />
an ideal choice for last mile access.<br />
ZXDSL 9806H, <strong>ZTE</strong>’s award-winning<br />
VDSL2 DSLAM equipment, was<br />
chosen by Elisa to deliver quality<br />
broadband services for the following<br />
reasons:<br />
First, ZXDSL 9806H is capacity<br />
and networking versatile. It provides<br />
ADSL, ADSL2+, SHDSL, VDSL2,<br />
and LAN ports at the user side, and GE<br />
uplink ports at the network side. It also<br />
supports uplink PON such as uplink<br />
EPON, GPON, 10G EPON, and 10G<br />
GPON ports. With the development<br />
of video services, ZXDSL 9806H will<br />
incorporate more functions. It can be<br />
flexibly installed due to its compact size<br />
and high density features, and is ideal<br />
for small spaces, outdoor environments,<br />
and residential or business buildings.<br />
Second, ZXDSL 9806H has low<br />
12 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
it can provide a QoS guarantee. This<br />
minimizes Elisa’s operating expenditure<br />
(OPEX). The successful application<br />
of <strong>ZTE</strong>’s VDSL2 for UMTS backhaul<br />
has helped Elisa achieve true fixed and<br />
mobile convergence (FMC) in service<br />
delivery and maintenance.<br />
Finally, as the recipient of many<br />
prestigious awards, ZXDSL 9806H<br />
is highly regarded by operators<br />
around the world. It was awarded the<br />
Infovision Award at the Broadband<br />
World Forum Europe in Berlin, October<br />
2007; the Convergence World Award<br />
at the SOFNET Forum in London,<br />
April 2008; and was awarded the top<br />
ranking in Current Analysis’s product<br />
performance evaluation report in the<br />
Global Remote DSLAMs category in<br />
2009.<br />
VDSL2 is a new generation DSL<br />
technology, and has been widely<br />
adopted by telecom operators and<br />
internet providers in Finland and even<br />
the whole of Europe. By cooperating<br />
with <strong>ZTE</strong>, Elisa has deployed a new<br />
VDSL2 platform that can deliver<br />
high-quality broadband services<br />
with lower OPEX and greatly boost<br />
its competitiveness in the Finnish<br />
broadband market. Elisa has signed a<br />
five-year global procurement contract<br />
with <strong>ZTE</strong>, and has been devoted to<br />
building leading-edge broadband access<br />
platforms for its customers around the<br />
globe.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>'s Broadband Access Product Tops Current<br />
Analysis’ Global DSLAM Category Evaluation Ranking<br />
March 6, 2009, Source: EDN Asia<br />
power consumption. The results of tests<br />
performed by multiple operators show<br />
that ZXDSL 9806H is environmentally<br />
f r i e n d l y. A s a n e x t - g e n e r a t i o n<br />
integrated broadband access device, it<br />
has the lowest power consumption of<br />
all products of its kind in the industry.<br />
Its power consumption is far lower<br />
than that set by the European Union,<br />
and this can be attributed to <strong>ZTE</strong>’s indepth<br />
research into system architecture,<br />
cooling, and power management.<br />
Third, ZXDSL 9806H supports<br />
mobile backhaul. It can be used for<br />
UMTS backhaul service transmission,<br />
which allows fast deployment of mobile<br />
broadband services between newly<br />
established base stations. Although it<br />
adopts economic packet transmission,<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s broadband access product—the ZXDSL 9806H—was given the<br />
top ranking in Current Analysis’ recent product performance evaluation<br />
report in the Global Remote DSLAMs category. The ZXDSL 9806H recorded<br />
the highest ratings in five purchase pre-set criteria by Current Analysis, a<br />
leading independent research firm.<br />
For its excellent performance, <strong>ZTE</strong>’s ZXDSL 9806H topped the<br />
performance evaluation compared with other vendors’ similar products<br />
in five major areas: Density, Network Uplinks/FTTN Capability, Video<br />
support, POTS support and pricing. Its unique design significantly<br />
helps protect operators’ existing investments and maximize revenues<br />
associated to new broadband services, including video-on-demand, IPTV,<br />
and Internet games.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s 9806H provides up to 96 ADSL2+ lines or 64 VDSL2 lines in<br />
a 2U rack design, which can be easily deployed near the customers’<br />
location, hence seamlessly connecting it with multiple DSLs to a highspeed<br />
internet line using multiplexing techniques. This broadband<br />
system is perfectly ideal for FTTx network architecture model and enables<br />
operators to build next-generation broadband network while reusing<br />
existing copper cables.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
13
Focus<br />
Future-Oriented Green<br />
FTTx Solution<br />
By Chen Yi<br />
With the development of<br />
information technologies<br />
in recent years, user needs<br />
have expanded from simple voice<br />
to a multiplay of voice, video, data<br />
and images. An increasing number<br />
of users are paying attention to new<br />
broadband services, such as IPTV,<br />
VOD, online games, e-learning,<br />
video conferencing and video phone,<br />
and these place greater demands on<br />
network bandwidth, QoS and security.<br />
Value-added services have also become<br />
an important means for operators to<br />
attract users and increase their income.<br />
The growth of these new services<br />
has led to increasing bandwidth<br />
demands at the access layer. With<br />
the development and convergence of<br />
core networks, broadband access and<br />
sustainable evolution have become<br />
crucial in network construction. Also,<br />
with technological advancement,<br />
improvement of manufacturing<br />
processes, and rapid reduction in fiber<br />
cost, extending optical fiber to the user<br />
has become the development trend of<br />
access layer.<br />
Recent years have seen explosive<br />
growth of fiber-based Passive Optical<br />
Networks (PON). With features like<br />
fiber saving, passive devices, easy<br />
maintenance and transparent network<br />
protocols, PON systems have aroused<br />
widespread interest from industry and<br />
are playing an increasingly important<br />
role in building FTTx networks at the<br />
access layer. <strong>ZTE</strong> has developed a series<br />
of PON and ODN products capable of<br />
delivering diversified FTTx solutions<br />
that can be applied to various scenarios<br />
like fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to<br />
the building (FTTB), fiber to the curb<br />
(FTTC), fiber to the office (FTTO) and<br />
fiber to the village (FTTV). Its total<br />
FTTx solution is illustrated in Figure 1.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> total FTTx solution has the<br />
following attractions:<br />
14 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
■ A vast array of product series<br />
applicable to various scenarios<br />
For residential districts and buildings<br />
where copper cables are installed, and<br />
rural areas with low user density, <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
provides a MDU/MTU product series<br />
of different capacities and different<br />
Fixed<br />
Core Aggregation Access<br />
CATV<br />
Service Server<br />
softswitch<br />
IPTV<br />
STM-1/E1<br />
ports (such as Ethernet, E1, DSL and<br />
POTS) which allows users to access<br />
broadband Internet, VoIP, IPTV,<br />
traditional PBX, and mobile backhaul<br />
services. For newly-built residential<br />
districts and high-end users, <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
provides the most complete range of<br />
GE<br />
GPON/EPON/XG<br />
PON/10GEPON<br />
ONU<br />
FTTC<br />
xDSL<br />
FTTB<br />
MDU VDSL/FE<br />
FTTH<br />
Residential<br />
ONU devices (see Table 1) to meet<br />
their diverse needs.<br />
■ Large-capacity OLT adaptive to the<br />
trend of flat network architecture<br />
ZXA10 C300 is a large-capacity<br />
OLT device developed by <strong>ZTE</strong>. It<br />
supports 128 EPON/GPON ports,<br />
16,384 FTTH users and more FTTB/<br />
FTTC users in a single rack. It also<br />
provides a maximum uplink capacity<br />
of 80Gbps and a backplane capacity of<br />
3.2Tbps. It is an OLT device with the<br />
largest capacity and highest-density<br />
cards in the industry.<br />
Internet<br />
RNC<br />
GGSN<br />
MSC Server SGSN<br />
HLR<br />
Mobile MGW<br />
Packet Transport<br />
MSTP/SDH/DWDM<br />
Figure 1. <strong>ZTE</strong> total FTTx solution.<br />
GE/<br />
10GE<br />
40KM<br />
IPTV<br />
IPTV<br />
WDM<br />
Hybrid PON<br />
20KM<br />
splitter<br />
FTTH<br />
WDM PON<br />
20KM<br />
Business<br />
GE/FE(P2P)<br />
XPON(Mobile backhaul)<br />
splitter<br />
WDM<br />
WDM<br />
PICO/Femtocell<br />
BBU+RRU<br />
eNodeB<br />
■ Energy saving and environmental<br />
friendliness<br />
N o w a d a y s , p e o p l e h a v e a<br />
heightened awareness of energy<br />
conservation and environmental<br />
issues more generally. Leading global<br />
operators are likewise demonstrating<br />
increasing concern about environmental<br />
protection and energy saving in the<br />
application of their equipment. <strong>ZTE</strong>,<br />
Table 1. A list of <strong>ZTE</strong> ONU devices<br />
Name<br />
Module<br />
GPON<br />
Ports<br />
10/10M<br />
Base_T<br />
10/100/<br />
100MBase_T<br />
POTS RF WiFi E1/T1 USB ADSL2+/<br />
VDSL2<br />
Dimensions<br />
(H×W×D mm)<br />
ZXA10 F600 SFU 1 4 39×170×127<br />
ZXA10 F601 SFU 1 1 32×96×125<br />
ZXA10 F601c SFU 1 1 1 35×100×140<br />
ZXA10 F602 SFU 1 2 35×100×140<br />
ZXA10 F612 SFU 1 2 1 35×100×140<br />
ZXA10 F620 SFU 1 4 2 50×260×185<br />
ZXA10 F625 SFU 1 4 2 1 50×260×185<br />
ZXA10 F627 SFU 1 4 2 1 50×260×185<br />
ZXA10 F628 SFU 1 4 2 2 1 1 50×260×185<br />
ZXA10 F660 SFU 1 4 4 1 1 50×260×185<br />
ZXA10 F668 SFU 1 4 4 1 1 1 50×260×185<br />
ZXA10 F621 SFU 1 4 2 4 44×290×185<br />
ZXA10 F702g Outdoor SFU 1 2 320×350×180<br />
ZXA10 F820 MDU/MTU 1/2 24 16/32 8/16 43.6×440×253.6<br />
ZXA10 F822 MDU 1 8/16/24 8/16/24 43.6×482.6×240<br />
ZXDSL 9812 MDU 1 0/12 44×380×240<br />
ZXDSL 9806H MDU 1 64 192 96/64 88×482.6×240<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
15
12<br />
11 1<br />
10 2<br />
9 3<br />
8 4<br />
7<br />
Focus<br />
1pps+TOD<br />
E1<br />
BTS/NodeB ONU<br />
BTS/NodeB<br />
1588<br />
Slave Clock<br />
Figure 2. <strong>ZTE</strong> FTTx time and clock solution for mobile backhaul.<br />
the first vendor to put forward a “green<br />
broadband” solution in the industry,<br />
has incorporated the green concept<br />
into its FTTx solutions. Its OLT and<br />
ONU devices including every PCB<br />
board and ASCI chip have passed strict<br />
power consumption tests, and consume<br />
40% less power than comparable<br />
industry products. Moreover, their<br />
power consumption has been further<br />
reduced by 20% using the innovative<br />
power control technique. Due to its<br />
excellent performance in controlling<br />
power consumption, <strong>ZTE</strong> has won<br />
prestigious international awards, such<br />
as the InfoVision Award at BBWF<br />
Europe 2007 (for its GPON + VDSL2<br />
solution), the Best Green Innovation<br />
Award at Convergence World 2008<br />
(for its ZXDSL 9806H (ONU), and the<br />
Top Ranking in 2009 Current Analysis<br />
Global DSLAM Equipment Selection.<br />
■ Rich experience in ODN design<br />
ODN construction has become a<br />
major concern for operators because<br />
it accounts for over 60% of the total<br />
cost in an FTTx project. <strong>ZTE</strong> has<br />
launched a full range of ODN products,<br />
offering operators a total PON solution<br />
that covers system design and service<br />
FE<br />
ONU<br />
ONU<br />
ONU<br />
1588<br />
Boundary Clock<br />
Splitter<br />
OLT<br />
1pps+TOD<br />
E1/STM-1/GE<br />
delivery.<br />
FE/GE<br />
PRC or GPS Receiver<br />
1pps+TOD<br />
MSTP/MPLS<br />
IP Network<br />
FE<br />
■ Powerful support platform for<br />
smooth evolution<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> FTTx solution supports not<br />
only EPON and GPON but also the<br />
smooth evolution to NG PON without<br />
any alteration to the main boards,<br />
power boards, or uplink boards. In<br />
order to support NG PON technology<br />
while allowing coexistence with<br />
existing GPON/EPON users in the<br />
same ODN network, it only requires the<br />
insertion of XG PON, 10GEPON, or<br />
WDM PON line cards into the GPON<br />
or EPON rack without changing the<br />
original GPON/EPON ONT. This can<br />
protect operators’ initial investment.<br />
■ Rich TDM uplink ports supporting<br />
time and clock synchronization<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> FTTx solution offers a variety<br />
of high density TDM uplink ports such<br />
as E1/T1/STM-1/STM-4 to meet the<br />
access demand of all TDM services—<br />
including PBX and DDN private lines.<br />
It also supports the IEEE 1588v2<br />
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and<br />
provides FE/GE and 1PPS+TOD ports,<br />
which can implement time and clock<br />
synchronization for 2G/3G mobile<br />
6 5<br />
1588 Master<br />
BSC/RNC<br />
1588 Node<br />
backhaul.<br />
As illustrated in Figure 2, the OLT<br />
connects to MSTP/MPLS transport<br />
network and BSC/RNC through the<br />
E1/STM-1/GE port. It obtains 1588v2<br />
time synchronization data from the<br />
IP network through the FE/GE port,<br />
or clock synchronization data from<br />
the GPS receiver or the 1588 master<br />
through the 1PPS+TOD port. All time<br />
and clock data are transmitted to the<br />
ONU through the PON system. Then<br />
the ONU transmits time and clock<br />
synchronization data to the BTS/NodeB<br />
through the 1PPS+TOD port or the FE<br />
port. In this way, the clock and time<br />
synchronization of the whole network<br />
can be achieved.<br />
With the widespread application of<br />
IP-based base stations and the rapid<br />
growth of IP-based 3G and even 4G<br />
mobile networks, the key problem for<br />
operators is the transfer of time and<br />
clock synchronization data between<br />
IP-based base stations and IP-based<br />
networks. <strong>ZTE</strong> FTTx time and clock<br />
solution is an ideal solution to the<br />
problem.<br />
In addition, <strong>ZTE</strong> FTTx provides<br />
DiffServ QoS guarantee through<br />
security controls like flexible VLAN<br />
QinQ support, perfect QoS solution,<br />
and port location information.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s FTTx solution has been<br />
commercially deployed around<br />
the world. By June 2009, <strong>ZTE</strong> had<br />
snatched a 19% market share in the<br />
FTTx application segment, ranking first<br />
place in the world according to a report<br />
by consulting firm iDATA. Drawing<br />
on its rich experience in broadband<br />
access, <strong>ZTE</strong> is capable of delivering<br />
customized FTTx solution, helping<br />
operators build future-oriented green<br />
broadband networks with the lowest<br />
TCO.<br />
16 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
Third Eye<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s ZXA10 C300<br />
December 31, 2009<br />
By Erik M. Keith, Principal Analyst for Broadband Infrastructure at Current Analysis<br />
Current Perspective<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s ZXA10 C300 solution is<br />
very threatening to competitors<br />
in the global FTTP market. The<br />
new ZXA10 C300 platform is one of<br />
only a handful of FTTP OLT solutions<br />
that supports both standards-based<br />
GPON and EPON, not to mention<br />
point-to-point active Ethernet (AE)<br />
FTTP and 10G EPON. This gives <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
a solid competitive advantage in terms<br />
of deployment flexibility vis-à-vis<br />
rival vendor OLTs, most of which will<br />
support only one or two of the various<br />
FTTP connectivity options.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> asserts that its xPON solutions<br />
(specifically EPON and GPON) have<br />
been widely deployed in operators<br />
networks worldwide since 2004. These<br />
deployments include FTTH, FTTC,<br />
FTTO, FTTB, FTTB+LAN, and<br />
FTTB+DSL configurations; customers<br />
i n c l u d e C h i n a Te l e c o m , C h i n a<br />
Netcom, China Mobile, Shanghai<br />
Broadband, Telecom Malaysia, PCCW,<br />
Telecom Italia, and other operators.<br />
In terms of key metrics, <strong>ZTE</strong>’s<br />
ZXA10 in the C300 configuration<br />
supports 400/800Gbps and 20/40Gbps<br />
of bandwidth per subscriber slot.<br />
400Gbps of redundant throughput<br />
places the C300 at the sharp end of<br />
the FTTP OLT spectrum, with only a<br />
small group of vendors able to assert<br />
backplane/switching capacities that<br />
are equal or higher; likewise, 20Gbps<br />
of per-slot throughput is the current<br />
high-tide mark for OLTs.<br />
ZXA10 C300<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
17
Third Eye<br />
The ZXA10 C300 is one of a small handful of<br />
FTTP OLT platforms supporting both GPON and EPON;<br />
the fact that it also supports active Ethernet and 10G<br />
EPON gives <strong>ZTE</strong> additional differentiation.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s ZXA10 C300 platform,<br />
which first debuted in Q4 2008 at<br />
an Italian telecom trade show, has<br />
been generally available since June<br />
2009. However, for such a powerful<br />
platform (again from the speeds/feeds<br />
standpoint), <strong>ZTE</strong> has engaged in a<br />
rather limited marketing campaign,<br />
which can even be construed as a<br />
“soft” launch, compared to other<br />
vendors offering similar solutions.<br />
Whether this is a function of <strong>ZTE</strong>’s<br />
still-low-profile marketing strategy or<br />
due to limited availability of the C300<br />
(or both) remains an open question.<br />
Buying/Selecting Criteria<br />
Rating<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Buying Criteria Ratings<br />
Backplane<br />
Application support/system<br />
robustness<br />
■ Since the majority of <strong>ZTE</strong>’s xPON<br />
customers, which include Tier 1<br />
operators such as China Telecom,<br />
China Netcom, and China Mobile,<br />
have deployed the ZXA10 in<br />
multiple FTTx variations, there is<br />
limited insight into how robust the<br />
system is in support of full fiber<br />
(FTTP) configurations. Again,<br />
based on the datasheet specs, the<br />
ZXA10 C300 appears to have<br />
the switch matrix and throughput<br />
capabilities to deliver massmarket,<br />
high-end services, but<br />
without specific customer proof<br />
points of these speeds/feeds, it is<br />
difficult to ascertain the full range<br />
of capabilities of the ZXA10 in<br />
production networks.<br />
■ <strong>ZTE</strong> cites the following support<br />
capabilities for multicast/IPTV<br />
on the new C300 platform: 2K<br />
ONT Range<br />
Application Flexibility Scalability<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>-ZXA10 C300<br />
Generated: 1/12/2010<br />
Product Class Average<br />
5=Outstanding<br />
4=Strong<br />
3=Competitive<br />
2=Concerns<br />
1=Noncompetitive<br />
m u l t i c a s t g r o u p s v i a I G M P<br />
v1/2/3 (i.e., snooping and proxy);<br />
multicast VLAN (MVLAN);<br />
channel access control (CAC);<br />
preview (PRV) and call detail<br />
record (CDR) for IPTV; and less<br />
than 50ms channel zapping delay.<br />
■ <strong>ZTE</strong> also highlights the following<br />
QoS capabilities: eight queues<br />
per port, queue scheduling (SP,<br />
WRR, or SP+WRR); IPv4 DSCP<br />
Diffserv; stream classification,<br />
rate limiting, shaping and priority<br />
setting; traffic statistics; WRED;<br />
and triple color support.<br />
Backplane/system throughput<br />
capacity<br />
■ <strong>ZTE</strong>’s ZXA10 platform features<br />
a f u l l y r e d u n d a n t 4 0 0 G b p s<br />
backplane, which supports 20Gbps<br />
per slot (double these numbers in<br />
non-redundant math). This places<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> at the front of the FTTP OLT<br />
pack of contenders, tied with<br />
Zhone’s new MXK platform on<br />
both counts, but behind Alcatel-<br />
Lucent’s market-leading 500Gbps<br />
of backplane capacity.<br />
■ <strong>ZTE</strong>’s total throughput claims for<br />
the new C300 chassis―i.e., 2.8 to<br />
3.2 Terabit backplane capacity (for<br />
the 48.3-cm/19-inch wide, 21-slot<br />
and 528-cm/21-inch wide, 23-slot<br />
versions, respectively)―are<br />
exceptional; in fact, only Huawei<br />
and <strong>ZTE</strong> have engaged in this<br />
particular marketing tactic, which<br />
is to tout the aggregate capacity<br />
of a all-line card in a fully-loaded<br />
chassis (see Table 1).<br />
Density/scalability<br />
■ The ZXA10 C300 supports four<br />
18 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
Table 1. 3.2 Terabit backplane capacity<br />
21-inch chassis<br />
Card<br />
and eight-port GPON subscriber<br />
cards, which when deployed in the<br />
14 or 16-subscriber port chassis,<br />
supports 56/112 and 64/128 GPON<br />
ports per OLT. With a 1:32 split<br />
ratio (the benchmark for this<br />
product comparison), this supports<br />
1,792/3,584 and 2,048/4,096 ONTs<br />
per chassis. The maximum split<br />
ratio for GPON deployments is<br />
1:128, on par with rival GPON<br />
OLTs.<br />
■ The ZXA10 C300 supports four<br />
and eight-port EPON subscriber<br />
cards, which when deployed<br />
in the 14-port or 6-subscriberport<br />
chassis, supports 56/112<br />
a n d 6 4 / 1 2 8 EPON p o r t s p e r<br />
OLT; with a 1:32 split ratio (the<br />
benchmark for this FTTP product<br />
class comparison), this supports<br />
1,792/3,584 and 2,048/4,096<br />
ONTs per chassis. Since the IEEE<br />
standard restricts EPON split ratios<br />
to 1:32, these are maximums.<br />
Unit<br />
(Gbps)<br />
Number of<br />
Cards<br />
Capacity<br />
(Gbps)<br />
8-port EPON card capacity 10 16 160<br />
8-port GPON card capacity 20 16 320<br />
2x10 GigE card capacity 10 16 160<br />
4x10 GigE card capacity 40 16 640<br />
EPON configuration maximum uplink capacity 20 2 40<br />
GPON configuration maximum uplink capacity 40 2 80<br />
2x10 GigE configuration maximum uplink capacity 40 2 80<br />
4x10 GigE configuration maximum uplink capacity 80 2 160<br />
EPON switch and matrix capacity 400<br />
GPON switch and matrix capacity 800<br />
2x10G EPON switch and matrix capacity 800<br />
Backplane capacity 3200<br />
■ The ZXA10 C300 supports 16,<br />
32, and 64-subscriber port pointto-point<br />
(P2P) active Ethernet<br />
line cards, which deployed in the<br />
14-port or 16-port chassis, scales<br />
to 224/448/896 and 256/512/1,024<br />
active Ethernet subscribers per<br />
chassis.<br />
■ The ZXA10 C300 also supports<br />
two and four-port 10G EPON;<br />
when deployed in the 14-port<br />
or 16-port chassis, which with<br />
a 1:32 split ratio (assuming the<br />
current IEEE standard), this equals<br />
896/1,792 and 2,048/4,096 ONUs/<br />
ONTs/subscribers per chassis.<br />
■ In terms of WAN uplinks, the<br />
Z X A 1 0 C 3 0 0 s u p p o r t s t h e<br />
following cards: 4×10GigE,<br />
4/8/16×GigE, 1×STM-4/OC-12,<br />
2×STM-1/OC-3, and 32×E1/T1<br />
(balanced and unbalanced).<br />
Deployment flexibility<br />
■ The ZXA10 C300 is one of a small<br />
handful of FTTP OLT platforms<br />
supporting both GPON and EPON;<br />
the fact that it also supports active<br />
Ethernet and 10G EPON gives <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
additional differentiation, at least<br />
from a data sheet perspective. For<br />
reference, Enablence’s TRIDENT7<br />
was one of the first OLTs to supports<br />
both GPON and EPON, and <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
still needs a commercial, operator<br />
deployment of the 10G EPON<br />
solution for customer/market<br />
validation.<br />
■ In addition to the EPON/GPON/<br />
AE/1 0G EPON capabilities of the<br />
ZXA10 solution set, the fact that<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s customers have deployed<br />
the platform in a broad array of<br />
FTTx configurations—FTTH,<br />
FTTC, FTTO, FTTB, FTTB+LAN,<br />
a n d F T T B + D S L — h i g h l i g h t s<br />
the deployment flexibility of the<br />
ZXA10 series.<br />
■ The ZXA10 solution set also<br />
supports long-reach PON (i.e.,<br />
up to 60-km/37-mile links from<br />
t h e O LT t o t h e O N U / O N T ) ,<br />
giving operators the ability to<br />
deliver FTTP services within a<br />
much larger serving area than the<br />
standard 20km link. However,<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is certainly not unique in this<br />
respect, and there is a bandwidth<br />
tradeoff with long-reach PON (e.g.,<br />
a 20Mbps connection at 20km will<br />
likely be 10Mbps at 40km).<br />
ONT range<br />
■ <strong>ZTE</strong> asserts support for a full<br />
r a n g e o f O N T f o r m f a c t o r s<br />
for both indoor and outdoor<br />
deployments, but other than<br />
offering FTTB+Ethernet and<br />
FTTB+DSL systems with optical<br />
WAN interfaces, it is not highly<br />
differentiated from rival vendors in<br />
this respect.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
19
Third Eye<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Looks to Further Broaden<br />
International Reach<br />
January 29, 2010<br />
By Jeff Mucci, Publisher of RCR Wireless News<br />
ZT E C o r p . w e n t t o g r e a t<br />
lengths to provide access<br />
to key executives including<br />
Xu Ming, global GM for the <strong>ZTE</strong>’s<br />
Wireless Business Unit. We basically<br />
spent the day together in Shenzhen<br />
touring <strong>ZTE</strong>’s local manufacturing<br />
facility and exhibition hall, meeting<br />
with key executives and sampling<br />
local cuisine over lunch. Additionally,<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> arranged for me to meet with the<br />
CEO and CTO of Hong Kong-based<br />
telecommunications provider CSL Ltd.,<br />
whose primary owner is Australian<br />
telecom provider<br />
Telstra Corp. Ltd.,<br />
and view a live<br />
LTE demo at CSL’s<br />
lab in Kowloon.<br />
Z T E i s a<br />
publicly traded,<br />
s t a b l e a n d<br />
rapidly growing<br />
p o w e r h o u s e<br />
with more than<br />
60,000 employees<br />
i n c l u d i n g o v e r<br />
20,000 research<br />
and development<br />
p r o f e s s i o n a l s .<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> says it invests up to 10% of<br />
gross revenues in R&D each year and<br />
experienced 40% growth between<br />
Q208 and Q209. Along the way, it<br />
secured the No.1 equipment provider<br />
position in the Chinese marketplace, in<br />
terms of incremental units shipped in<br />
2009.<br />
CSL selected <strong>ZTE</strong> as its strategic<br />
partner and turnkey provider of a<br />
recently implemented HSPA+ Software<br />
Defined Radio (SDR) network to<br />
address several specific challenges<br />
including slow data rates and no<br />
clear path to LTE. The transition<br />
was further complicated by the fact<br />
that CSL was operating a network<br />
with a pair of technology standards<br />
(GSM/WCDMA), and three different<br />
spectrum bands (900/1800/2100MHz).<br />
Keep in mind that CSL had over 2,000<br />
cell sites in Hong Kong and more than<br />
2.5 million existing customers. In<br />
20 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
addition to handsets and the HSPA+<br />
network, <strong>ZTE</strong> is providing CSL with<br />
microwave Ethernet backhaul (70–100<br />
megabits per second) and all-IP packet<br />
core network equipment. In short, <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
provided a turnkey network in arguably<br />
one of the most RF challenging markets<br />
in the world.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has proven its ability to<br />
secure major tenders in emerging<br />
markets as well as developed markets<br />
through innovation, customization and<br />
an integrated product suite including<br />
core networks, SDR access network<br />
equipment capable of operating on all<br />
technologies and handsets. The big<br />
question for 2010 will be whether it<br />
can secure a tier-one mobile operator<br />
contract. Based upon the company’s<br />
successes during the past 24 months, it<br />
is hard to imagine a scenario where it<br />
does not secure a seat at the LTE table<br />
in the U.S. marketplace. Competition<br />
will be fierce.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> also continues to focus<br />
heavily on the CDMA market, having<br />
recently won a contract to build out<br />
a CDMA2000 1x EV-DO Rev.B<br />
network for Indonesia’s Smart Telecom<br />
and continues to supply equipment<br />
to CDMA-based carriers in North<br />
America.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> stats:<br />
■ <strong>ZTE</strong> owns a complete wireless<br />
product series, including W-CDMA/<br />
GSM, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA,<br />
WiMAX, and a 3G/LTE migration<br />
strategy based upon a software<br />
defined radio platform.<br />
■ Z T E h a s m o r e t h a n 6 0 , 0 0 0<br />
employees including over 20,000<br />
R&D professionals working in nine<br />
facilities in China and six overseas<br />
R&D facilities. (See RCR Wireless<br />
Web site for pictures of <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
facilities and a video clip of their<br />
manufacturing floor in Shenzhen.)<br />
■ More than 50% of <strong>ZTE</strong>’s revenues<br />
are generated outside of China<br />
and over 50% of <strong>ZTE</strong>’s overseas<br />
staff is made up of local personnel.<br />
Over the past two years, <strong>ZTE</strong> has<br />
transformed and reorganized its<br />
staff in an attempt to better serve<br />
clients locally and in a converged<br />
manner―specifically, integrating<br />
the wireless, wireline/core and<br />
handset business units to improve<br />
customer service.<br />
■ I n 2 0 0 9 , Z T E s h i p p e d m o r e<br />
CDMA and GSM products than<br />
its competitors and its handset<br />
s h i p m e n t s r a n k e d N o . 6 i n<br />
worldwide shipments and sales<br />
volumes. Handset sales made up<br />
nearly 22% of <strong>ZTE</strong>’s revenues in<br />
2008.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
21
Research Note<br />
Realizing the Software Evolution<br />
of Existing BOSS with<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> SEEM<br />
By Zhan Zhang<br />
Background<br />
New market demands have<br />
impacted telecom carriers<br />
in multiple ways; they have<br />
enhanced customer experience, reduced<br />
OPEX & CAPEX, shortened the time<br />
to market, created new business models,<br />
and digested and applied cutting edge<br />
technologies. Every telecom carrier must<br />
have an evolvable Business and Operation<br />
Support System (BOSS) to satisfy these<br />
demands.<br />
BOSS is primarily a complicated and<br />
sophisticated software system, containing<br />
multiple components according to<br />
standardized specifications (e.g. eTOM<br />
and NGOSS). All these components<br />
cannot usually be implemented<br />
simultaneously due to budget constraints<br />
or manpower constraints. Since it takes<br />
a long time to construct the whole BOSS<br />
and it is impossible to foresee all changes<br />
in the initial stage of BOSS construction,<br />
each CIO/CTO faces the challenge of how<br />
to evolve or replace these legacy systems<br />
to support changing market requests. This<br />
is a frustrating thing.<br />
Owing to ROI constraints, the decision<br />
to renovate a legacy BOSS component or<br />
replace it with new one poses a dilemma.<br />
However, regardless of which solution<br />
is chosen, the following difficulties are<br />
inevitable in the process of upgrading<br />
BOSS.<br />
■ Communication with multiple<br />
software vendors<br />
■ Integration with heterogeneous<br />
architectures<br />
■ Satisfying continuous market<br />
demands<br />
■ Expending the life-cycle of existing<br />
BOSS components<br />
Addressed Issues and Solution Space<br />
The background of these issues has, so<br />
far, been clearly understood. The purpose<br />
of this article, however, is to find a<br />
practical methodology by which a legacy<br />
BOSS component can evolve to fit new<br />
requests with minimal pain and cost. The<br />
main topics discussed in this article are:<br />
■ What is a suitable methodology to<br />
realize BOSS component upgrading<br />
■ How can this methodology be applied<br />
to upgrade BOSS components in a<br />
reasonably short time<br />
■ What are the necessary tools to<br />
support this methodology<br />
According to our study, there are<br />
two theoretical foundations in software<br />
engineering that can be applied: software<br />
maintenance and software evolution. Each<br />
of these can support software upgrade,<br />
but their purposes are slightly different.<br />
The following section will briefly review<br />
the two methodologies theoretically.<br />
Literature Review<br />
This section introduces the concepts<br />
of software maintenance and evolution,<br />
especially the latter, since our approach<br />
adopts several methodologies of software<br />
evolution.<br />
Software maintenance<br />
Software maintenance is a set of<br />
activities which changes the system after<br />
it has been delivered. They involve:<br />
■ Corrective maintenance: repair of<br />
software faults<br />
■ Adaptive maintenance: modification<br />
of software due to changes in the<br />
operating environment (hardware,<br />
supporting software)<br />
■ Perfective maintenance: additions<br />
to or modifications of system<br />
functionality due to organizational or<br />
business changes<br />
■ Preventive maintenance: activities<br />
which attempt to prevent unnecessary<br />
changes in the future<br />
Software maintenance is very<br />
important in the lifecycle of software.<br />
In fact, costs associated with software<br />
maintenance often equal those of<br />
software development. The main focus<br />
of maintenance is the addition and<br />
modification of functionality, whereas<br />
fault repair and software adaptation<br />
22 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
eceive much less attention, as shown in<br />
Figure 1.<br />
Fultrepair<br />
Software adaptatior<br />
Functionality additic modification<br />
65%<br />
17%<br />
18%<br />
Figure 1. Distribution of maintenance<br />
efforts.<br />
As time progresses, maintenance<br />
becomes much more difficult due to:<br />
■ Staff turnover and the discontinuation<br />
of knowledge<br />
■ Changes in staff skills as main-trend<br />
technologies change<br />
■ The age of original software and<br />
the increased cost of maintaining its<br />
structure<br />
■ Contractual responsibilities on a<br />
maintenance team, which may limit<br />
the software’s capability and the<br />
allocation of money for maintenance<br />
tasks<br />
Software evolution<br />
Prof. Meir M. Lehman et al. have<br />
identified a set of behaviors in the<br />
evolution of proprietary software. These<br />
behaviors (or observations) are known as<br />
Lehman’s laws, and they include:<br />
■ Continuing change: Programs used<br />
in a real-world environment must<br />
necessarily change or become<br />
progressively less useful in that<br />
environment.<br />
■ Increasing complexity: As a program<br />
evolves, its structure tends to become<br />
more complex. Extra resources<br />
must be devoted to preserving and<br />
simplifying the structure.<br />
■ Self regulation: Program evolution<br />
is a self-regulating process. System<br />
attributes such as size, time between<br />
releases, and the number of reported<br />
errors is almost invariable for each<br />
system release.<br />
■ Organizational stability: Over<br />
a program’s lifetime, its rate of<br />
development is approximately<br />
constant and independent of the<br />
resources devoted to system<br />
development.<br />
■ Conservation of familiarity:<br />
Over the lifetime of a system, the<br />
incremental change in each release is<br />
approximately constant.<br />
■ Continuing growth: The functionality<br />
offered by systems must continually<br />
increase to maintain user satisfaction.<br />
■ Declining quality: The quality of<br />
systems will appear to be declining<br />
unless they are adapted to changes in<br />
their operational environment.<br />
■ Feedback system: Evolutionary<br />
processes incorporate multi-agent,<br />
multi-loop feedback systems and<br />
must be treated as feedback systems<br />
in order to achieve significant product<br />
improvement.<br />
According to research themes<br />
identified by Bennett and Rajlich,<br />
aspects of software evolution currently<br />
being investigated include requirements,<br />
architecture, data, runtime management,<br />
service-orientation, and language.<br />
Solutions being offered involve reverse<br />
Figure 2. Foundation of SEEM: re-engineering and wrapping.<br />
and re-engineering, incremental change<br />
techniques, managerial issues, software<br />
processes, and model evolution. There<br />
emerge two prevalent views:<br />
■ What and why: This line of<br />
questioning focuses on software<br />
evolution as a scientific discipline.<br />
It studies the nature of software<br />
evolution phenomena, and seeks to<br />
understand the driving factors and<br />
impacts.<br />
■ How: This line of questioning<br />
focuses on software evolution as an<br />
engineering discipline. It studies the<br />
more pragmatic aspects that aid the<br />
software developer or project manager<br />
in their day-to-day tasks.<br />
Foundations of approach<br />
The approach proposed here draws<br />
on several methodologies of software<br />
evolution (see Figure 2). The horseshoe<br />
re-engineering model is very popular in<br />
realizing software evolution. As shown<br />
in Figure 2, a legacy software system<br />
can be built into a high-level architecture<br />
model, which can then be improved<br />
to a restructured model. Finally a new<br />
software system can be developed from<br />
the restructured model. The agentbased<br />
wrapping model is another way of<br />
renovating a legacy software system.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
23
Proposal<br />
Our approach is called Software<br />
Evolution Enhanced Methodology<br />
(SEEM), and it addresses the BOSS<br />
domain. It defines the basic practice,<br />
process flow, and infrastructure, as shown<br />
in Figure 3.<br />
In order to achieve its goal, SEEM<br />
defines a process as shown at the bottom<br />
of Figure 3. This process comprises a<br />
series of internal activities:<br />
■ Stage A: This is the first stage of the<br />
SEEM flow. It involves collecting and<br />
extracting information from a legacy<br />
BOSS component by observing<br />
external standards, new technology,<br />
and business requests.<br />
■ Stage B: Upon collecting this<br />
information, SEEM performs<br />
an impact analysis according to<br />
evaluation criteria—including priority,<br />
cost/expense, and market trends.<br />
■ Stage C: This stage is called<br />
“Roadmap Generation”. It determines<br />
a suitable approach, such as reengineering,<br />
wrapping, or refactoring,<br />
according to the previous analysis.<br />
■ Stage D: This stage involves<br />
rebuilding the meta-model of the<br />
BOSS component. It primarily<br />
impacts architecture, interface,<br />
interaction, and data structure.<br />
Therefore, the legacy BOSS<br />
component can be encapsulated (e.g.<br />
transformation, synchronization, and<br />
replication) and upgraded.<br />
As these internal activities are ongoing,<br />
changes to the BOSS components are<br />
ongoing as well. The relationships are<br />
described in Figure 3. These changes can<br />
be broken down into multiple phases, as<br />
described below:<br />
■ P r o b i n g : D a t a c o l l e c t i o n ,<br />
configuration, meta-model extraction,<br />
and log analysis is performed.<br />
■ Implementation: Strategies such as<br />
refactoring, wrapping, re-modeling,<br />
replacement, and tailing, are employed<br />
to realize implementation according<br />
to detailed requests.<br />
■ Simulation & Validation: All<br />
implementation results are simulated<br />
and validated before commercial<br />
launch. Key activities in this stage<br />
include preparing a test-case,<br />
performing a dry-run, deploying<br />
environment, and organizing a team.<br />
■ Migration & Monitoring: All validated<br />
results are migrated to the commercial<br />
environment. Data, business logic,<br />
interface, and interaction models will<br />
be changed.<br />
To support these activities and<br />
processes, SEEM is built on a standard<br />
infrastructure which includes:<br />
■ A UML tool: Unified Model<br />
Language (UML) is used to model<br />
and describe the request, architecture,<br />
and process flow.<br />
■ CVS: Control Version System (CVS)<br />
is used for version and release control.<br />
■ A ZSmart framework: ZSmart is<br />
a collection of BOSS components<br />
provided by <strong>ZTE</strong>. It is organized as<br />
multi-level architecture. The bottom<br />
level is called ZSmart framework—<br />
an open-structure framework used<br />
to implement all non-business<br />
requests (e.g. logging, reporting, and<br />
messaging).<br />
■ A visualization tool: Since BOSS is<br />
too large to image, the visualization<br />
tool can help designers, developers,<br />
and testers easily identify changes and<br />
issues.<br />
■ A refactoring tool: This is always<br />
included as a popular development<br />
tool (e.g. Eclipse and NetBeans).<br />
■ A monitoring tool: This aids in<br />
quickly understanding changes which<br />
are occurring in the whole process.<br />
This approach features end-to-end<br />
capability, multiple tactics, wrapper<br />
support, extreme programming tolerance,<br />
a staged process, UML standardization,<br />
simulation embedding, separate internal/<br />
external activities, legacy technology<br />
compatibility, eTOM addressed, unified<br />
processes, and it is meta-model driven.<br />
Figure 3. SEEM practice, infrastructure and flow.<br />
Summary<br />
Using SEEM based software evolution,<br />
software maintenance, and a Zsmart<br />
framework, a legacy BOSS component<br />
can be upgraded with less cost and effort.<br />
The main advantage of SEEM is that<br />
it balances maintenance and evolution,<br />
extends the life-cycle of legacy BOSS<br />
component, and supports a heterogeneous<br />
environment.<br />
24 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
Solution<br />
UEMS<br />
Boosts Network<br />
OAM Efficiency<br />
By Xue Qinghua, Zhou Yongkang<br />
Telecom operators are continuing<br />
to feel the pressure as end<br />
users demand more flexibility<br />
and lower prices for telecom services.<br />
Fierce competition gives impetus to<br />
technological innovation, and while<br />
flat network structure has been the<br />
trend, it is moving forward quickly.<br />
Consequently, an increasing number<br />
of telecom operators are evolving to<br />
become full-service providers that can<br />
operate multiple types of networks.<br />
These include access networks, core<br />
networks (CN), transmission networks,<br />
data networks and service networks,<br />
with a large number of network devices.<br />
Changing network structure,<br />
however, poses a big challenge for<br />
operators. Handling new complex<br />
networks with legacy management<br />
architecture is costly. Therefore, it has<br />
become necessary to solve new network<br />
OAM problems while keeping costs to a<br />
minimum. Proactive trials are underway<br />
in the industry, and <strong>ZTE</strong>’s Unified<br />
Element Management System (UEMS)<br />
has been accepted by most operators as<br />
an effective answer to these problems.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has rolled out a unified network<br />
management solution that can help<br />
operators manage multiple private<br />
networks and improve their network<br />
OAM efficiency.<br />
Permission-Based Management<br />
UEMS<br />
Client<br />
TD-SCDMA<br />
CDMA<br />
UMTS<br />
NGN&MSAN<br />
Figure 1. UEMS network topology.<br />
NMS<br />
Transmission<br />
The core of UEMS is unification—<br />
transforming network management from<br />
distributed management to centralized<br />
management. This is achieved through<br />
the convergence of multiple EMSs into<br />
one. The UEMS network topology is<br />
shown in Figure 1.<br />
Traditionally, each type of network<br />
UEMS Server<br />
(Distributed)<br />
GSM<br />
CN<br />
LTE<br />
Other EMSs<br />
Third-party<br />
Vendor NEs<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
25
Solution<br />
CN<br />
BSS<br />
UEMS Server<br />
Uniform<br />
Maintenance<br />
Figure 2. Rights-based management.<br />
Figure 3. Customized view in the uniform portal.<br />
has had its own EMS. Besides<br />
higher power consumption, multiple<br />
EMSs require larger space and more<br />
maintenance teams. However, UEMS<br />
demands only one maintenance team to<br />
implement centralized management of<br />
all network devices in the system. This<br />
reduces maintenance staff workload and<br />
increases network OAM efficiency.<br />
UEMS incorporates an efficient<br />
rights-based management system,<br />
assigning permissions to users<br />
according to their roles and domains.<br />
Users are concerned only with their<br />
assigned NEs. They can only see their<br />
authorized NEs at the user interface,<br />
and their maintenance habits can be<br />
recorded. If any user has authority to<br />
manage all NEs, he can see all these<br />
NEs at the user interface. Rights-based<br />
management is illustrated in Figure 2.<br />
In Figure 2, different users share one<br />
UEMS server with different authority<br />
rights and permissions according to<br />
their user experience.<br />
Flexible Networking<br />
Considering variance in network size,<br />
UEMS provides diverse networking<br />
modes—such as layered or centered<br />
networking topologies—according to<br />
operators’ administrative organizations.<br />
A common scenario is a small but<br />
complicated network containing a small<br />
number of different NEs. With legacy<br />
management architecture, operators<br />
need to install many EMSs for<br />
management of different NEs, which<br />
raises high OPEX. However, with<br />
UEMS, the different NEs are managed<br />
through related management modules<br />
that are deployed as a single server.<br />
This leads to low-cost co-management.<br />
Another scenario is a large-sized<br />
and complicated network containing a<br />
large number of multiple types of NEs.<br />
To implement load sharing, UEMS<br />
can deploy different NE management<br />
modules in different servers. However,<br />
the user need manage all NEs through<br />
one client only.<br />
Flexible networking solutions not<br />
only satisfy operators’ customization<br />
demands, but also cut their OPEX with<br />
reasonable OAM flows.<br />
Uniform Portal<br />
UEMS provides all the common<br />
network management functions:<br />
topology management, security<br />
management, log management,<br />
performance management and fault<br />
management. The functional modules<br />
have a perfectly uniform operational<br />
interface. So whatever types of NEs<br />
are being operated, their user interfaces<br />
are homogeneous. For the special<br />
functions of each private network, its<br />
user interfaces retain the same style; the<br />
uniform GUI style helps users quickly<br />
learn the UEMS operations, acquire<br />
different NE management skills,<br />
and develop strong network OAM<br />
capabilities.<br />
In addition to uniform GUI style,<br />
UEMS employs a uniform portal that<br />
can customize functions to the user’s<br />
preference. UEMS users may operate<br />
one or more types of NEs, and can<br />
customize system functions or place job<br />
related content together according to<br />
their personal habits or job requirements.<br />
In this way, users complete their<br />
maintenance work more effectively.<br />
Figure 3 is a customized view of the<br />
user interface.<br />
26 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
News Brief<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Introduces World’s First Ultra-Slim Big-<br />
Screen BMP 3G Smartphone<br />
Company to offer complete family of smartphones to European<br />
Market in 2010<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Debuts<br />
160Gbps Packet<br />
Gateway Product<br />
15 February 2010, Barcelona ― <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
introduced at the 2010 GSMA Mobile<br />
World Congress, together with Qualcomm,<br />
the world’s first ultra-slim big-screen<br />
BMP 3G smartphone―<strong>ZTE</strong> Bingo. In<br />
addition, <strong>ZTE</strong> is showcasing its 5 Android<br />
smartphone models for the first time. With<br />
the availability of Linux, Windows Mobile<br />
and OMS-platform mobile phones, <strong>ZTE</strong> is<br />
one of the few mobile phone manufacturers<br />
to offer smartphones for a variety of mobile<br />
operating systems.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Bingo adopts Qualcomm’s Brew<br />
Mobile Platform (BMP), which is the<br />
Mobile Operation System that provides<br />
high-end functionality to mobile terminals.<br />
In addition to full support for Adobe Flash,<br />
the platform also provides such advanced<br />
terminal functions as touch screen,<br />
multimedia, window management, open<br />
platform scalability and extended support<br />
for local application development. The Brew<br />
17 February 2010, Barcelona —<br />
Telefónica and <strong>ZTE</strong> announced that a full<br />
range of movistar branded handsets will be<br />
launched in 12 Latin American countries<br />
during 2010, starting in Q2. Telefónica<br />
and <strong>ZTE</strong> signed an agreement for the<br />
development of a complete range of mobile<br />
devices. <strong>ZTE</strong> will manufacture movistar<br />
branded handsets exclusively available for<br />
Telefónica in Latin America.<br />
Telefónica is one of the largest<br />
telecommunications operators in Latin<br />
America. The customised <strong>ZTE</strong> handsets<br />
Mobile Platform’s open operating system<br />
has attracted wide attention from software<br />
developers and the global communication<br />
industry since its industry launch.<br />
Equipped with an accelerator, the<br />
slim and stylish <strong>ZTE</strong> Bingo supports an<br />
incredible HSDPA 7.2Mbps <strong>download</strong> speed<br />
to provide unobstructed<br />
m o b i l e I n t e r n e t<br />
surfing.<br />
will be available throughout the year in<br />
the following markets: Mexico, Colombia,<br />
Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina,<br />
Uruguay, Chile, Guatemala, El Salvador,<br />
Panama and Nicaragua.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is the world’s sixth largest mobile<br />
phone manufacturer and the world’s second<br />
largest supplier of data cards, according to<br />
shipment volumes. By the end of 2009, <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
has cooperated with eight of the world’s top<br />
10 operators in the handsets space. With this<br />
partnership, <strong>ZTE</strong> will expand its business in<br />
the Latin America market.<br />
Max capacity product<br />
meets growing needs of<br />
mobile market<br />
18 February 2010, Barcelona ―<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> announced the debut of its new<br />
generation packet gateway<br />
product with the world’s<br />
largest capacity of<br />
1 6 0 G b p s . T h e<br />
Z X U N x G W<br />
is designed to<br />
p r o v i d e t h e<br />
highest capacity,<br />
and the highest<br />
i n t e l l i g e n c e<br />
green solution<br />
for operators.<br />
W i t h t h e<br />
i n c r e a s i n g<br />
d e v e l o p m e n t o f<br />
mobile subscriber access<br />
rates, mobile data services,<br />
and operator requirements for<br />
precise control of services, abilities<br />
like packet processing and service<br />
based policy control for mobile core<br />
network products have become key<br />
to preventing bottlenecks. The ZXUN<br />
xGW provides maximum packet<br />
service processing ability of 160Gbps<br />
for single-cabinet, and is enhanced<br />
with mobile broadband access for EV-<br />
DO, WiMAX, HSPA (+) and LTE,<br />
as well as a hardware-based QoS<br />
guarantee for service over mobile<br />
network. The ZXUN xGW is also<br />
capable of expanding to WiFi and<br />
xDSL/xPON fixed broadband access.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
27
News Brief<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Chosen as Commercial LTE<br />
Trial Vendor by Pannon<br />
11 February 2010, Shenzhen,<br />
China ― <strong>ZTE</strong> has been selected<br />
by Pannon, part of the Telenor<br />
Group, as their LTE live network<br />
trial vendor.<br />
Under this agreement <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
will provide an end-to-end<br />
solution, including radio and<br />
core infrastructure as well as end user terminals. The trial agreement<br />
will allow Pannon to test peak rate. “LTE will enable mobile users to<br />
experience high-speed mobile broadband and exciting new services.<br />
With this commercial trial, <strong>ZTE</strong> aims to demonstrate the superior<br />
performance of our LTE solutions to Pannon and the Telenor Group,”<br />
said Kenneth Fredriksen, GM for <strong>ZTE</strong>’s Telenor Global Business<br />
Unit.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> Leading in LTE Innovation;<br />
1700 Patents for LTE/SAE Filed<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s total patent applications top 6,000 in<br />
2009<br />
12 February 2010, Shenzhen, China ― <strong>ZTE</strong> announced<br />
that by late 2009 it had applied for more than 1,700 LTE/SAE<br />
patents. <strong>ZTE</strong> is focused on advancing the LTE market with<br />
strong innovation that will benefit both consumers and operators<br />
with 4G experience and functionality.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> has recently increased its strategic funding in LTE<br />
research and development. While stepping up its investments in<br />
standards and patent research, the company has also strengthened<br />
its LTE commercial and experimental network building. <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
has begun cooperation and tests with a dozen of world-class<br />
operators in Western Europe, North America, Asia/Pacific and<br />
the Middle East, including Telstra’s CSL, Telefonica, SingTel,<br />
Telenor, Commnet and China Mobile.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> is poised to become one of the leading owners of basic<br />
patents of the LTE/SAE Standard. Statistics show that <strong>ZTE</strong> now<br />
has over 25,000 patent applications. In 2009, it applied for over<br />
6,000 patents.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> to Supply Bearer Network<br />
Solution to Finnet Group<br />
18 February 2010, Shenzhen, China ― <strong>ZTE</strong><br />
announced an agreement with Westlink, part of the Finish<br />
telecommunications group Finnet, to supply a unified<br />
multi-service metro bearer solution.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong>’s IPTN bearer network solution will enable<br />
Westlink to offer traditional voice services and<br />
interconnection over Finnet’s All-IP networks.<br />
The network will be based on <strong>ZTE</strong>’s ZXCTN 6100<br />
PTN solution, which consolidates Synchronous Digital<br />
Hierarchy (SDH) and Metro Ethernet transport into a<br />
multi-service solution, enabling the unified transport of<br />
traditional TDM and Ethernet services, as well as replacing<br />
the existing SDH network.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> to Build SDR Network for<br />
Portugal’s Optimus<br />
Network will replace current 2G/3G<br />
infrastructure and provide a smooth evolution<br />
path to LTE<br />
24 February 2010, Shenzhen, China ― <strong>ZTE</strong> announced that<br />
Optimus will be deploying its SDR multi-mode solution, enabling<br />
the operator to upgrade its GSM/UMTS network in Portugal and<br />
providing a smooth evolution path to LTE. <strong>ZTE</strong>’s SDR network will<br />
include SDR RAN, Network Management System and Operation<br />
Systems and Software (NMS/OSS), enabling Optimus to optimize<br />
current 2G/3G services and smoothly upgrade to LTE. The network<br />
roll-out will cover 4 regions in central Portugal.<br />
This is the first contract win for <strong>ZTE</strong>’s SDR technology in<br />
Western Europe and follows a series<br />
of key contract wins in the region.<br />
<strong>ZTE</strong> currently has wireless network<br />
agreements with seven of the top 10<br />
European operators. This includes<br />
GSM/UMTS networks for TeliaSonera,<br />
Telenor, and KPN as well as LTE trials<br />
with Telefonica. <strong>ZTE</strong> is conducting<br />
LTE trials with more than 10 operators,<br />
including Singapore Telecom, China<br />
Mobile and CSL.<br />
28 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES
<strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES March 2010<br />
29
30 March 2010 <strong>ZTE</strong> TECHNOLOGIES