Gospels of Thomas and Philip and Truth - Syriac Christian Church
Gospels of Thomas and Philip and Truth - Syriac Christian Church Gospels of Thomas and Philip and Truth - Syriac Christian Church
epose? Tales from the Old French, ‘Of the Churl who Won Paradise’ (circa 1200): How is this, Don Paul of the bald pate, are you now so wrathful who formerly was so fell a tyrant? Never will there be another so cruel; Saint Stephen paid dear for it when you had him stoned to death. Well I know the story of your life; thru you many a brave man died, but in the end God gave you a good big blow. Have we not had to pay for the bargain and the buffet? Ha, what a divine and what a saint! Do you think I know you not? St Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica I-II, Q.103, Art.4, Reply Obj.2 (1272): According to Jerome, Peter [in Gal 2:6-14] withdrew himself from the Gentiles by pretense, in order to avoid giving scandal to the Jews, of whom he was the Apostle; hence he did not sin at all in acting thus. On the other hand, Paul in like manner made a pretense of blaming him, in order to avoid scandalizing the Gentiles, whose Apostle he was. But Augustine disapproves of this solution. John Duns Scotus, Summa Theologica III.55.1, Obj.2 (ed. Jerome of Montefortino, 1728-34; based on Opus oxoniense, 1298-99): The order in which Christ's resurrection is related to have been made known, seems inappropriate. For it is presented as having been revealed firstly to Mary Magdalene, and that through her the Apostles learned that Christ was alive; but the recorded command of the Apostle in I-Tim 2 is well-known, saying: ‘I do not permit a woman to teach.’ Desiderius Erasmus, In Praise of Folly (1509): There are many things in St Paul that thwart themselves.... I was lately myself at a theological dispute, for I am often there, where when one was demanding what authority there was in Holy Writ that commands heretics to be convinced by fire rather than reclaimed by argument; a crabbed old fellow, and one whose supercilious gravity spoke him at least a doctor, answered in a great fume that Saint Paul had decreed it, who said, ‘Reject him that is a heretic, after once or twice admonition.’ Sta. Teresa of Avila, Accounts of Conscience XVI (1571): It seemed to me that, concerning what St Paul says about the confinement of women— which has been stated to me recently, and even previously I had heard that this would be the will of God— [the Lord] said to me: ‘Tell them not to follow only one part of the Scripture, to look at others, and [see] if they will perchance be able to tie my hands.’ Blaise Pascal, Pensées 673 (1660): Saint Paul ... speaks of [marriage] to the Corinthians [I-Cor 7] in a way which is a snare. 136
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Reply to Sor Filotea de la Cruz (1691): This should be considered by those who, bound to ‘Let women keep silence in the Church’ [I-Cor 14:34], say that it is blasphemy for women to learn and teach, as if it were not the Apostle himself who said ‘The elder women ... teaching the good’ [Tit 2:3].... I would want those interpreters and expositors of Saint Paul to explain to me how they understand that passage ‘Let the women keep silence in the Church.’... Because Saint Paul's proposition is absolute, and encompasses all women not excepting saints, as also were in their time Martha and Mary,... Mary mother of Jacob, Salome, and many other women that there were in the fervor of the early Church, and [Paul] does not except them [from his prohibition]. John Locke, The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695): It is not in the epistles we are to learn what are the fundamental articles of faith, where they are promiscuously and without distinction mixed with other truths.... We shall find and discern those great and necessary points best in the preaching of our Savior and the Apostles ... out of the history of the evangelists. Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania Gazette (10 April 1735): A virtuous heretic shall be saved before a wicked Christian. Thomas Morgan, The Moral Philosopher (1737-40): St Paul then, it seems, preach'd another and quite different Gospel from what was preach'd by Peter and the other Apostles. Peter Annet, Critical Examination of the Life of St Paul (letter to Gilbert West, 1746): We should never finish, were we to relate all the contradictions which are to be found in the writings attributed to St Paul.... Generally speaking it is St Paul ... that ought to be regarded as the true founder of Christian theology,... which from its foundation has been incessantly agitated by quarrels [and] divisions. Emanuel Swedenborg, A Continuation of the Last Judgment (1763) & The True Christian Religion (1771): He seated himself at the table and continued his writing, as if he were not a dead body, and this on the subject of justification by faith alone and so on, for several days, and writing nothing whatever concerning charity. As the angels perceived this, he was asked through messengers why he did not write about charity also. He replied that there was nothing of the Church in charity, and if that were to be received as in any way an essential attribute of the Church, man would also ascribe to himself the merit of justification and consequently of salvation, and so also he would rob faith of its spiritual essence. He said these things arrogantly, but 137
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epose?<br />
Tales from the Old French, ‘Of the Churl who Won Paradise’ (circa 1200): How<br />
is this, Don Paul <strong>of</strong> the bald pate, are you now so wrathful who formerly was so fell a<br />
tyrant? Never will there be another so cruel; Saint Stephen paid dear for it when you<br />
had him stoned to death. Well I know the story <strong>of</strong> your life; thru you many a brave<br />
man died, but in the end God gave you a good big blow. Have we not had to pay for<br />
the bargain <strong>and</strong> the buffet? Ha, what a divine <strong>and</strong> what a saint! Do you think I know<br />
you not?<br />
St <strong>Thomas</strong> Aquinas, Summa Theologica I-II, Q.103, Art.4, Reply Obj.2 (1272):<br />
According to Jerome, Peter [in Gal 2:6-14] withdrew himself from the Gentiles by<br />
pretense, in order to avoid giving sc<strong>and</strong>al to the Jews, <strong>of</strong> whom he was the Apostle;<br />
hence he did not sin at all in acting thus. On the other h<strong>and</strong>, Paul in like manner<br />
made a pretense <strong>of</strong> blaming him, in order to avoid sc<strong>and</strong>alizing the Gentiles, whose<br />
Apostle he was. But Augustine disapproves <strong>of</strong> this solution.<br />
John Duns Scotus, Summa Theologica III.55.1, Obj.2 (ed. Jerome <strong>of</strong><br />
Montefortino, 1728-34; based on Opus oxoniense, 1298-99): The order in which<br />
Christ's resurrection is related to have been made known, seems inappropriate. For<br />
it is presented as having been revealed firstly to Mary Magdalene, <strong>and</strong> that through<br />
her the Apostles learned that Christ was alive; but the recorded comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Apostle in I-Tim 2 is well-known, saying: ‘I do not permit a woman to teach.’<br />
Desiderius Erasmus, In Praise <strong>of</strong> Folly (1509): There are many things in St<br />
Paul that thwart themselves.... I was lately myself at a theological dispute, for I am<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten there, where when one was dem<strong>and</strong>ing what authority there was in Holy Writ<br />
that comm<strong>and</strong>s heretics to be convinced by fire rather than reclaimed by argument;<br />
a crabbed old fellow, <strong>and</strong> one whose supercilious gravity spoke him at least a doctor,<br />
answered in a great fume that Saint Paul had decreed it, who said, ‘Reject him that<br />
is a heretic, after once or twice admonition.’<br />
Sta. Teresa <strong>of</strong> Avila, Accounts <strong>of</strong> Conscience XVI (1571): It seemed to me that,<br />
concerning what St Paul says about the confinement <strong>of</strong> women— which has been<br />
stated to me recently, <strong>and</strong> even previously I had heard that this would be the will <strong>of</strong><br />
God— [the Lord] said to me: ‘Tell them not to follow only one part <strong>of</strong> the Scripture, to<br />
look at others, <strong>and</strong> [see] if they will perchance be able to tie my h<strong>and</strong>s.’<br />
Blaise Pascal, Pensées 673 (1660): Saint Paul ... speaks <strong>of</strong> [marriage] to the<br />
Corinthians [I-Cor 7] in a way which is a snare.<br />
136