MOROCOMP (LIFE TCY05/MA000141) - Unit of Environmental ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

increasing the void volume of the substrate without involving into the biochemical process of composting due to its inert properties. 4.2.1. Pretreatment and preparation of the composting raw material Green waste was being shredded using a shredding device in order to minimize the size of waste and to increase the porosity of the substrate and to ease the agitation of the composting raw material. All the materials used as feedstock to supply the bioreactor were weighted, according to the composting recipe of each composting trial, and packed in order to be ready to be fed into the bioreactor. 4.2.2. Feeding the in-vessel bioreactor The feeding of the bioreactor was performed via the conveyor belt on which the feedstock was loaded manually using shovels. 4.3. Composting process control Composting process control involves all the actions that had been planned and carried out with respect to the operational conditions of the in-vessel bioreactor. 4.3.1. Programming the plc of the in-vessel bioreactor The operation of the agitation, hydration and aeration systems is being performed by the PLC (Programming Logic Controller) automatic control system. These operations can also be performed manually. The specifications of each operation are given below: Programming the frequency and duration of the substrate’s agitation The electric monitor can operate X times per day for a duration of Y minutes per hour. The maximum set values are Χmax = 12 times/day and Ymax = 15 minutes while the minimum ones are Χmin = 0 times/day and Ymin = 0 minutes. Programming the frequency and duration of the substrate’s aeration 24
The ventilator system can operate X times per day for a duration of Y minutes per hour. The maximum set values are Χmax = 24 times/day and Ymax = 10 minutes while the minimum ones are Χmin = 0 times/day and Ymin = 0 minutes. Programming the frequency and duration of the substrate’s hydration The hydration system can operate X times per day for a duration of Y minutes per hour. The maximum set values are Χmax = 2 times/day and Ymax = 15 minutes while the minimum ones are Χmin = 0 times/day and Ymin = 0 minutes 4.3.2. Measuring the temperature of the substrate The temperature of the substrate was being measured at regular time intervals throughout the composting duration. For these measurements a microchip was used (DATA LOGGERS MODEL 100 2K). The device was installed in the interior of the bioreactor and was collected at the end of each composting trial and after the collection and removal of the end product. The recorded temperature values were obtained, using the software of the device. For comparison reasons and for the better understanding of the temperature profile during the composting processes, additional temperature measurements of the substrate have been performed using a portable thermometer. These temperature values were recorded once per day at the same point inside the bioreactor. 4.3.3. Measuring the moisture of the substrate The moisture level was being recorded once per day for the duration of the composting process. Six same weighted and representative samples were being selected daily from inside the bioreactor. The final sample was formed after stirring and mixing the six samples together to form a homogeneous material. From the homogeneous material six separate samples were selected weighted and dried at 105°C for 12hrs. The dried samples were then placed inside a desiccator for cooling and weighting. The moisture content was evaluated from the average value of the six separate samples. 25
Page 1 and 2: U C D UNIVERSITE CHOUAIB DOUKKALI N
Page 3 and 4: 5.1.4. Feeding the in-vessel biorea
Page 5 and 6: 5.4.5.4. Measuring the oxygen conte
Page 7 and 8: Table 9: Typical nutrient compositi
Page 9 and 10: The temperature profiles of the com
Page 11 and 12: 1. Introduction to composting proce
Page 13 and 14: 2.2. Particle size, porosity, struc
Page 15 and 16: This will limit the movement of air
Page 17 and 18: sludge treatment is an immense prob
Page 19 and 20: Due to the unavailability of the UW
Page 21 and 22: Table 1: Parameters evaluated the s
Page 23: 4.2. Composting mixtures The chemic
Page 27 and 28: 4.4. Sampling and analysis of the s
Page 29 and 30: 5. Results and discussion The compo
Page 31 and 32: fertilisers. According to Table 2 t
Page 35 and 36: eplaced by others that are thermoph
Page 37 and 38: ventilation of the substrate is a v
Page 39 and 40: which disperses gases through an ai
Page 41 and 42: [ % ] 45 40 35 30 25 1 3 5 7 9 11 1
Page 43 and 44: acquired due to processes of non-sy
Page 45 and 46: [mg/kg] 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
Page 47 and 48: which occurs through the bio-oxidat
Page 49 and 50: Table 7: Suggested limit values for
Page 51 and 52: Cd (mg/Kg d.s) 0.4739 Cr (mg/Kg d.s
Page 53 and 54: decomposition can pose an indirect
Page 55 and 56: produced from the 1 st trial is cla
Page 57 and 58: Biological assays To estimate the r
Page 59 and 60: 5.1.10. Preparing the system for th
Page 61 and 62: K, as K 2 O (% d.s) 0.9670 4.2683 3
Page 65 and 66: 5.2.5.3. Measuring the moisture of
Page 67 and 68: 5.2.5.6. Monitoring and maintenance
Page 69 and 70: [ % ] 50 45 40 35 30 1 3 5 7 9 11 1
Page 71 and 72: 5.2.6.4. Ammonium Nitrogen (NH + 4
Page 73 and 74: parts carbon for each part of nitro
Page 75 and 76:
educed and on the 18 th day ammoniu
Page 77 and 78:
With respect to the ammonium and ni
Page 79 and 80:
% d.s. Dissolved in H2O Dissolved i
Page 81 and 82:
5.3. Composting using primary sludg
Page 83 and 84:
is used for agricultural purposes w
Page 85 and 86:
5.3.4. Feeding the in-vessel biorea
Page 87 and 88:
material. Only after all substrate,
Page 89 and 90:
conditions in the bioreactor. At th
Page 91 and 92:
[ % ] 40 35 30 25 20 1 3 5 7 9 11 1
Page 93 and 94:
[ mg/Kg ] 800 700 600 500 400 300 2
Page 95 and 96:
C:N ratios as has been shown in Tab
Page 97 and 98:
leachates through the ion exchange
Page 99 and 100:
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6] for the development
Page 101 and 102:
[% d.s.] Dissolved in H2O Dissolved
Page 103 and 104:
5.4. Composting using secondary slu
Page 105 and 106:
5.4.2. Composition of the compostin
Page 107 and 108:
operation as well as the water flow
Page 109 and 110:
can become anaerobic. As has been m
Page 111 and 112:
pH 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
Page 113 and 114:
[ % ] 6 5,5 5 4,5 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Page 115 and 116:
5.4.6.5. Nitrates (NO - 3 - N) Besi
Page 117 and 118:
Table 36: Characteristics of leacha
Page 119 and 120:
NH 4+ - N (mg/Kg.d.s) 304.10 Total
Page 121 and 122:
Heavy metals speciation Furthermore
Page 123 and 124:
Faecal coliforms Log10 MPN/10g DS 0
Page 125 and 126:
the degradation and stabilization o
Page 127 and 128:
Table 40: The physicochemical chara
Page 129 and 130:
7. References [1] Malamis, S. (2000
Page 131 and 132:
[29] Pagans, E., Barrena, R., Font,
Page 133 and 134:
[56] Zorpas, A.A., Arapoglou, D., P
show all

MOROCOMP (LIFE TCY05/MA000141) - Unit of Environmental ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?