Pike Technologies Comprehensive Catalog of FTIR ... - Madatec

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Classic VATR – Variable Angle ATR for Analysis of Solids, Films and Coatings F EATURES O F T HE C LASSIC VATR • 30º to 60º – continuously variable angle of incidence • Full control over the number of reflections and depth of penetration • Unique mechanism for fine-tuning mirror positions and precise and repeatable alignment • High energy throughput • Stainless steel, easy to remove crystal mounts and anvils • Economical introduction to ATR techniques – excellent R&D and teaching tool The Variable Angle ATR, is a traditional in-compartment accessory with the ATR crystal mounted vertically with respect to the spectrometer baseplate. Its optical layout is based on an optimized Gilby configuration and allows continuous adjustment of the incident beam angle between 30 to 60 degrees. This accessory is suitable for the analysis of solids, films and coatings, but for obvious reasons, it cannot be used for working with liquids. A unique mirror adjustment mechanism which utilizes mirror placement and proportional pivoting allows precise and repeatable alignment. The PIKE Technologies Variable Angle ATR offers flexibility when the frequent replacement of ATR crystals is required. VATR is an excellent, low-cost tool for teaching the principles of internal reflection spectroscopy, and for basic research. O RDERING I NFORMATION VATR Base Optics (must select, insert spectrometer model for XX) P ART N UMBER D ESCRIPTION 021-19XX VATR Variable Angle, Vertical ATR Notes: VATR Base Optics includes plate for mounting in FTIR spectrometer slide mount. VATR Crystal Options (must select 1 or more) P/N 50 MM D ESCRIPTION P/N 25 MM 021-4000 KRS-5, 45° Parallelogram 021-4020 021-4010 KRS-5, 60° Parallelogram 021-4030 021-4040 ZnSe, 45° Parallelogram 021-4050 021-4150 ZnSe, 60° Parallelogram 021-4120 021-4060 Ge, 45° Parallelogram 021-4080 021-4130 Ge, 30° Parallelogram 021-4100 021-4070 Ge, 60° Parallelogram 021-4090 021-4160 Si, 45° Parallelogram 021-4110 Notes: VATR crystals are available in 25 mm and 50 mm lengths – all are 3 mm thick and 10 mm wide. Select crystal length and type based upon desired sample absorbance. VATR Crystal Holder and Clamp (must select 1 or more to hold ATR crystals) P ART N UMBER D ESCRIPTION 021-5050 50 mm VATR Crystal Holder and Clamp 021-5020 25 mm VATR Crystal Holder, Clamp and Mirror Notes: The pressure clamp is selected for the ATR crystal length VATR Replacement Parts P ART N UMBER D ESCRIPTION 021-5040 25 mm VATR Crystal Holder and Clamp 021-5030 Set of 25 mm and 50 mm Pads Notes: Please contact PIKE Technologies for items not described in this list. A TTENUATED T OTAL R EFLECTANCE – L IQUIDS, SOLIDS AND I N -BETWEEN 23
P IKE T ECHNOLOGIES WWW. PIKETECH. COM 608-274-2721 ATR – Theory and Applications Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) is today the most widely used FTIR sampling tool. ATR generally allows qualitative or quantitative analysis of samples with little or no sample preparation which greatly speeds sample analysis. The main benefit of ATR sampling comes from the very thin sampling path length and depth of penetration of the IR beam into the sample. This is in contrast to traditional FTIR sampling by transmission where the sample must be diluted with IR transparent salt, pressed into a pellet or pressed to a thin film, prior to analysis to prevent totally absorbing bands in the infrared spectrum. A comparison of transmission Vs ATR sampling results for a thick polymer sample is shown below where the sample is too thick for high quality transmission analysis (shown in the lower blue spectrum). In transmission spectroscopy, the IR beam passes through the sample and the effective path length is determined by the thickness of the sample and its orientation to the directional plane of the IR beam. Clearly in the example below the sample is too thick for transmission analysis because most of the IR bands are totally absorbing. However, simply placing the thick sample on the ATR crystal (Diamond MIRacle) and applying pressure generates a nearly perfect result (upper red spectrum) – identified by library search as a polybutylene terephthalate. The total analysis time for the thick polymer by ATR was less than 1 minute. ATR and Transmission Spectra of a Thick Polymer Sample How ATR Works With ATR sampling we direct the IR beam into a crystal of relatively higher refractive index. The IR beam reflects from the internal surface of the crystal and creates an evanescent wave which projects orthogonally into the sample in intimate contact with the ATR crystal. Some of the energy of the evanescent wave is absorbed by the sample and the reflected radiation (some now absorbed by the sample) is returned to the detector. This ATR phenomenon is shown graphically in the following representation of a single reflection ATR; While the analysis of samples by ATR is easy, it is interesting and useful to be aware of each of the following experimental factors and how they affect the final spectrum: • Refractive indices of the ATR crystal and the sample • Angle of incidence of the IR beam • Critical angle • Depth of penetration • Wavelength of the IR beam • Effective path length • Number of reflections • Quality of the sample contact with ATR crystal • ATR crystal characteristics The refractive indices of the crystal and sample govern the basic phenomenon of the ATR sampling technique by virtue of the following equation, where n 2 is the refractive index of the sample, n 1 is the refractive index of the crystal and θ c is the critical angle. When we exceed the critical angle, we will observe a purely ATR spectral result. If the critical angle is not met, we will observe a combined ATR and external reflectance result. This occurs if the angle of incidence of the IR beam is too low, if the refractive index of the crystal is too low, if the refractive index of the sample is too high or a combination of these 3 factors. In most cases this problem is not observed, however, a classic example of this is shown in the following spectral data for your reference. The sample is a carbon filled rubber gasket (high refractive index) run using a single reflection ATR accessory (MIRacle) with Ge and diamond crystals. The upper (blue) spectrum is excellent, using the high refractive index Ge crystal. However, using a diamond crystal with its lower refractive index, we see derivative shaped absorbance bands indicating that we have not satisfied the critical angle requirement. Spectra of Carbon Filled Rubber Gasket Sample Using MIRacle ATR with Ge and Diamond Crystals Another way to correct the spectral artifacts observed (above) in the black rubber sample spectrum would be to increase the angle of incidence in the ATR accessory to a value above the critical angle. Adjustment or selection of the angle of incidence is available in several of the PIKE Technologies ATR accessories. 24 Graphical representation of a single reflection ATR
Page 2 and 3: FTIR Instrument Code XX ABB Bomem F
Page 4 and 5: TABLE O F C ONTENTS Pages 1 - 6 Pag
Page 6 and 7: Sampling Kits If you are not sure w
Page 8 and 9: Comprehensive Transmission Sampling
Page 10 and 11: Valu-Line - High Performance Set of
Page 12 and 13: Attenuated Total Reflectance Sampli
Page 14 and 15: Table 1: MIRacle Crystal Plate Spec
Page 16 and 17: MIRacle Base Optics (must select, i
Page 18 and 19: GladiATR Base Optics (must select,
Page 20 and 21: HATR Crystal Plate Choices PIKE Tec
Page 22 and 23: HATR and HATRPlus Pressure Clamp (m
Page 24 and 25: Optimized FTIR spectrum of polymer
Page 26 and 27: VeeMAX II with ATR - Variable Angle
Page 30 and 31: Table 1 ATR Sampling ZnSe, Diamond
Page 32 and 33: Diffuse Reflectance Products Diffus
Page 34 and 35: DiffusIR - Research Grade Diffuse R
Page 36 and 37: UpIR - Upward Looking Diffuse Refle
Page 38 and 39: X, Y Autosampler - Transmission and
Page 40 and 41: Diffuse Reflectance - Theory and Ap
Page 42 and 43: Specular Reflectance Products Specu
Page 44 and 45: Changing the angle of incidence wit
Page 46 and 47: 80Spec - Grazing Angle Specular Ref
Page 48 and 49: 10Spec - Measures Sample Reflectanc
Page 50 and 51: Specular Reflectance - Theory and A
Page 52 and 53: Polarization Products Polarizers ma
Page 54 and 55: Infrared Polarizers - Theory and Ap
Page 56 and 57: Integrating Sphere Products Integra
Page 58 and 59: NIR IntegratIR - Integrating Sphere
Page 60 and 61: Integrating Spheres - Introduction
Page 62 and 63: Fiber Optic Sampling Products Fiber
Page 64 and 65: FlexIR - NIR Fiber Optic Accessory
Page 66 and 67: Microsampling Products Microsamplin
Page 68 and 69: Switching from transmission to refl
Page 70 and 71: Microsampling Tools - Compression C
Page 72 and 73: Beam Condensers - 4X and 6X Version
Page 74 and 75: Transmission Sampling Products Tran
Page 76 and 77: RotatIR - Automated Rotating Sample
Page 78 and 79:
X, Y Autosampler - Transmission and
Page 80 and 81:
Demountable Liquid Cells - For Vers
Page 82 and 83:
Long-Path Quartz Liquid Cells - For
Page 84 and 85:
Demountable Liquid Cell Windows (mu
Page 86 and 87:
Bolt Press & Hydraulic Die - Low-Co
Page 88 and 89:
PIKE CrushIR - Digital Hydraulic Pr
Page 90 and 91:
Sample Preparation Accessories - Fo
Page 92 and 93:
Disks, Windows and Powders - For Tr
Page 94 and 95:
Disks, 41 mm Diameter 3 mm Thicknes
Page 96 and 97:
Short Path Gas Cells - For Samples
Page 98 and 99:
Long-Path Gas Cells - For Measureme
Page 100 and 101:
Transmission Sampling Techniques -
Page 102 and 103:
An alternate method for analysis of
Page 104 and 105:
Special Applications Products PIKE
Page 106 and 107:
MappIR and MAP300 - For Automated A
Page 108 and 109:
TGA/FTIR Accessory - Identification
Page 110 and 111:
Semiconductor Applications - FTIR S
Page 112 and 113:
Other Useful Products for Spectrosc
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ATR spectra are somewhat different
Page 116 and 117:
ATR Spectral Data Bases - Optimize
Page 118 and 119:
Alphabetical Index A 10Spec, specul
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T Teflon gaskets, demountable cell
Page 122 and 123:
022-5340 HATR Liquid Jacketed Troug
Page 124 and 125:
160-1007 25 x 2 mm ZnSe (6 pack) 88
Page 126 and 127:
162-1130 Press-On Demountable Liqui
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We are PIKE Technologies, a small c
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