Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf
Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf
Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
YOUTH AGAINST FASCISM<br />
Despite his rhetoric of ensuring peace and protecting democracy, the British YCL insisted<br />
Chamberlain was an active and conscious ally of Hitler. Young communists<br />
pointed to the persistence of the "Non-Intervention Pact" and the infamous "Munich<br />
Pact" of September, 1938 as firm evidence that Chamberlain sought to strengthen European<br />
fascism. Munich was a watershed in cementing the anti-Chamberlain sentiment of<br />
the YCL; an event where "eyes were opened, [and] many illusions were smashed." 140<br />
British communist rhetoric placed the blame for the death of their fallen comrades in<br />
Spain upon the "dishonourable" capitulation of Chamberlain to the fascists, vowing to<br />
avenge their deaths by driving the National Government "into the oblivion it deserves." 141<br />
When Chamberlain declared war on Nazi Germany in September, 1939 it was not<br />
difficult for the YCLGB to embrace the Comintern's condemnation of the war. Chamberlain<br />
continued to be characterized as a treacherous imperialist and an ally of Hitler who<br />
could not be trusted to lead an anti-fascist war.<br />
In the United States things were very different. Though Roosevelt did not take any<br />
decisive steps to assist the Spanish Republic, young communists perceived him as an ally<br />
against international fascism. Communist rhetoric contended domestic isolationist and<br />
anti-Soviet sentiment limited Roosevelt's ability to assist Spain. 142 Events like Roosevelt's<br />
famous Chicago "Quarantine Address" of October, 1937 were used by communists<br />
as evidence that Roosevelt was committed to an anti-fascist foreign policy in line with<br />
Soviet "collective security" initiatives. After the Munich Pact, American communist<br />
rhetoric alluded that the United States and the Soviet Union "now stood alone against the<br />
fascist offensive." 143 YCL propaganda insisted that world war could still be averted if the<br />
American public pressured Roosevelt to put his foreign policy statements into consistent<br />
practice:<br />
What can keep America out of war at this tense moment when war is raging in Spain and<br />
China and threatens Central Europe Obviously, it is only the co-operation of the<br />
American people and their Government, with the democratic peoples of the world, that<br />
can keep America out of war by keeping war out of the world.... To keep out of war,<br />
America must act to quarantine the war-makers, support the "Good Neighbour" policy in<br />
the Western Hemisphere, back up the people’s boycott of Japanese goods by withholding<br />
shipment of war materials to Japan. This programme will not lead to war because<br />
the fascists are only strong when the democracies are disunited. 144<br />
United States foreign policy was no longer characterized as inherently imperialist. Under<br />
the leadership of Roosevelt, communists believed American policy could be moulded and<br />
influenced to conform to the "collective security" initiatives of the Popular Front. Even<br />
with the outbreak of World War II, the YCL did not initially direct its propaganda<br />
directly against Roosevelt for his support of Britain. The YCL blamed the "pirate band<br />
of 60 families whose God is profit" for duping the American public and pressuring<br />
Roosevelt into support of an unjust war. 145 When the Soviets entered the war in 1941, the<br />
YCL shifted its rhetoric back into full support of Roosevelt and the war effort.<br />
56