Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf
Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf
Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf
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YOUTH AGAINST FASCISM<br />
257. Santiago Carrillo, "Young Spain <strong>Against</strong> the Betrayal," World <strong>Youth</strong> Review 1, no. 4 (April, 1939): 70.<br />
258. "The 11 th National Conference of the Young Communist League of Great Britain," World <strong>Youth</strong> Review 1, no. 5 (May,<br />
1939): 96.<br />
259. Strack, "War or Peace – The Students Answer," 14.<br />
260. Kling, "They Shall Not Pass," 14.<br />
261. "Editorials," Young Communist Review 3, no.1 (March, 1938): 6.<br />
262. Ross, "<strong>Against</strong> a Ludlow Agreement," 16.<br />
263. "Clippings of the Day," Young Communist Review 3, no.3 (May, 1938): 30.<br />
264. "Czechoslovakia and Spain: An Editorial," Young Communist Review 4, no.2 (April, 1939): 11.<br />
265. "The 11 th National Conference of the Young Communist League of Great Britain," 96.<br />
266. W.W. "At the Call of Freedom They Will March Again," 3.<br />
267. Cohen, "<strong>Youth</strong> Defends Spain," 8.<br />
268. "Recruiting Drive," 29.<br />
269. Clare Schechter, "Letters to the Editor," Young Communist Review 3, no.5 (July, 1938): 32.<br />
270. "Welcome Home to the Lincoln Brigade," 6.<br />
271. West, "The YCL Speaks," 25.<br />
272. Starobin, "This Fourth of July: Editorial," 30.<br />
273. Strack, "Answering Questions On Collective Security," 12.<br />
CONCLUSION: THE YOUTH STRUGGLE AGAINST WAR<br />
1. Young, No More War, 11.<br />
2. Green, "A World Congress For Peace," 6.<br />
3. See V.I. Lenin, "The Impending Catastrophe and How To Combat It: Abolition of Commercial Secrecy," in The V.I. Lenin Internet<br />
Archive .<br />
4. In his propaganda rhetoric, Hitler utilized youthful imagery to link internationalism with decay and militant nationalism<br />
with the youth. In a May Day speech in 1923 Hitler stated, "If the first of May is to be transferred in accordance with its<br />
true meaning from the life of Nature to the life of peoples, then it must symbolize the renewal of the body of a people<br />
which has fallen into senility. And in the life of peoples senility means internationalism. What is born of senility Nothing,<br />
nothing at all. Whatever in human civilization has real value, that arose not out of internationalism, it sprang from the soul<br />
of a single people. When peoples have lost their creative vigor, then they become international Everywhere, wherever intellectual<br />
incapacity rules in the life of peoples, there internationalism appears… So the first of May can be only a glorification<br />
of the national creative will over against the conception of international disintegration, of the liberation of the<br />
nation's spirit and of its economic outlook from the infection of internationalism. That is in the last resort the question of<br />
the restoration to health of peoples." See Adolf Hitler, "Munich: Speech Of May 1, 1923," in the Online Hitler Historical<br />
Museum: Hitler's Speeches Archive .<br />
5. In a recent review of Mussolini's imperial policy Willie Thompson reflected, "However, when it came to racism in the<br />
broader sense of relations with people of colour, of conviction of Europe's inherent superiority and of contempt for the<br />
lives and property of people known as non-Europeans, of preparedness to treat them as expendable instruments, fascist attitudes<br />
were as ferocious as could be imagined. Similar outlooks were characteristic of all colonial regimes, but to the<br />
everyday racism typically prevalent in such situations was added in the fascist case a glorification of brutality, an obsession<br />
with ruling by fear, of responding to every hint of real or imagined resistance with sadistic and generalized terror.<br />
Such responses were personally encouraged and indeed insisted upon by Mussolini himself." See Willie Thompson, "The<br />
Fascist Regime and the Abyssinia Crisis," Socialist History 28 (Spring, 2006): 2.<br />
6. Young, No More War, 7-8.<br />
7. National Organizational Committee of the YWL, "Manifesto and Program," The Young Worker: Official Organ of the<br />
Young Workers League (Formerly <strong>Youth</strong>) 1, no.2 (March-April, 1922): 10-11.<br />
8. Dimitrov, "The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International," 10.<br />
9. Georgi Dimitrov, "<strong>Fascism</strong> Is War," in The United Front: The Struggle <strong>Against</strong> <strong>Fascism</strong> And War (San Francisco: Proletarian<br />
Publishers, 1975), 262, 263, 268, 269.<br />
10. Wolf Michal, "The Secretary of the Socialist <strong>Youth</strong> of France and Munich," Our <strong>Youth</strong>: Discussion Magazine of the<br />
Young Communist League 1, no.8 (November, 1938): 22, 23, 25, 27.<br />
11. West, "The YCL Speaks to the Catholics," 24.<br />
12. Browder, "Your Generation and Mine," 4.<br />
13. Maurice Thorez, "A New <strong>Youth</strong> Shall Rise," Young Communist Review 3, no.8 (October, 1938): 10, 12.<br />
14. Derek Watson, "Molotov's Apprenticeship in Foreign Policy: The Triple Alliance Negotiations in 1939," Europe-Asia<br />
Studies 52, no.4 (June, 2000): 700.<br />
15. Throughout the summer of 1939, The World <strong>Youth</strong> Review and The Young Communist Review did not carry any articles<br />
about or by Molotov, whereas statements from Litvinov had been regular features of previous issues. Challenge did not<br />
carry any statements from Molotov until June 10, 1939. In an article entitled, "What's Holding Up The Pact," the YCL<br />
highlighted themes of continuity in Soviet foreign policy, avoiding any serious discussion that the nature of Soviet policy<br />
was changing under Molotov. See "What's Holding Up The Pact Molotov, Russia's Premier, Tells You Here," Challenge:<br />
The Voice of <strong>Youth</strong> 5, no.23 (June 10, 1939): 4-5.<br />
16. "The Russian View "No Inconsistency", Ambassadors See M. Molotoff From Our Special Correspondent," The London<br />
Times no. 48391 (August 23, 1939): 12.<br />
17. Watson, 714, 703.<br />
18. Elie Duguet, "<strong>Youth</strong> Rises <strong>Against</strong> Aggression," World <strong>Youth</strong> Review 1, no. 5 (May, 1939): 93, 94.<br />
19. See "Neville Chamberlain's "Peace For Our Time" Speech," in History of the United Kingdom: Primary Documents<br />
Archive .<br />
20. NCYCLGB, "Crisis: The People's Action Can Decide the Issue," Challenge: The Voice of <strong>Youth</strong> 5, no.34 (September 2,<br />
1939): 1.<br />
21. On the same day that Churchill became the new British Prime Minister the Axis powers ended the period of the "phoney<br />
war" by invading Western Europe. This situation put the YCLGB in an awkward rhetorical and strategic position since<br />
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