Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf

NOTES
125. Mick Bennett, "Our Ideal is Fitness For Democracy," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.10 (March 11, 1939): 5.
126. Ted Ward, "Should We Have a Fitness Standard in Britain," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.7 (February 18, 1939): 4.
127. Ted Ward, "Can You Use Your Leisure," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.3 (January 21, 1939): 9.
128. See "What Shall We Do Today," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.50 (December 24, 1938): 11.
129. "This Bill Makes Every Rambler a Potential Criminal," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.17 (April 29, 1939): 8.
130. Liane, "Keep Fit and Beautiful," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.2 (January 14, 1939): 9.
131. Janet Norwood, "The Fight's On: Cosmetics Versus the Rest," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.3 (January 21, 1939):
10.
132. See Anonymous London Doctor, "Sex and Health Sport-Loving Youth Wants the Answer," Challenge: A Call to the
Youth 1, no.4 (April 27, 1935): 3.
133. W.W., "All Change Here: Let's Be Sane About Sex!," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.29 (July 21, 1938): 3. For a
youth reaction to W.W.'s column see "If I Had Been Taught About My Body My Whole Life Would Have Been Different!,"
Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.30 (July 28, 1938): 9.
134. National Organizational Committee of the YWL, "Manifesto and Program Tentative Draft," The Young Worker: Official
Organ of the Young Workers League 1, no.1 (March-April, 1922): 10.
135. Abern, "Who's Red," 10.
136. Herbert Zam, "Judicial Murder in America," The Young Worker: Official Organ of the Young Workers League 2, no.4
(April, 1923): 18.
137. Due to legal persecution, the American communist youth movement was split between the legal aboveground YWL and
the illegal YCL throughout the twenties. The YWL was less oppositional on the issue of democracy while the YCL
propagated for a Soviet style government. The YWL served as a legal educational organization for young workers to criticise
and expose the realities of American society and democracy. The underground and illegal YCL instead worked for
the "complete forcible overthrow of the capitalist state and the establishment in its place… the dictatorship of the proletariat,
as expressed in the historic form of Workers' Councils (Soviets)." See YCL of A, "Urge Establishing of Soviet State in
Program of American Section of the Young Communist International," The Young Worker: Official Organ of the Young
Workers League 1, no.5 (August-September, 1922): 12.
138. Harry Ganes, "Form a Labor Party!," The Young Worker: Official Organ of the Young Workers League 2, no.1 (January,
1923): 12.
139. Gil Green, Young Communists and Unity of the Youth: Speech Delivered at the Seventh World Congress of the Communist
International (New York: Youth Publishers, 1936), 3.
140. Dimitrov, "The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks," 42.
141. Earl Browder, The Communist Position in 1936: Radio Speech Broadcast March 5, 1936 (New York: Worker's Library
Publishers, 1936), 4.
142. Earl Browder, Democracy or Fascism: Report of the Central Committee to the Ninth National Convention of the Communist
Party of the USA (New York: Worker's Library Publishers, 1936), 10.
143. Earl Browder, The Results of the Elections and the People's Front (New York: Worker's Library Publishers, 1936), 17.
144. See Earl Browder, The Democratic Front: For Jobs, Security, Democracy and Peace (New York: Workers Library Publishers,
1938).
145. Ross, "After the Primaries," 32.
146. "Our May Day: An Editorial," Young Communist Review 4, no.3 (May, 1939): 13.
147. "Thumbnail Reviews," Young Communist Review 3, no.7 (September, 1938): 28.
148. "The Supreme Court: An Editorial," Young Communist Review 2, no.3 (March, 1937): 3.
149. "Editorials," Young Communist Review 3, no.3 (May, 1938): 5.
150. Weiss, "America's Youth Problem," 13.
151. Carl Ross, "Events of the Month," Young Communist Review 3, no.2 (April, 1938): 11.
152. Vrabel, "Our Declaration of Principles," 6.
153. Carl Ross, "Events of the Month," Young Communist Review 3, no.6 (August, 1938): 17.
154. Starobin, "In Clarification of a Policy," 18.
155. Gil Green, "A World Congress For Peace," Young Communist Review 1, no.2 (October, 1936): 6.
156. Joe Clark and Phil Schatz, "Book Reviews," Young Communist Review 3, no.2 (April, 1938): 24.
157. Weiss, "May Day, An American Tradition," 15.
158. Vrabel, "Our Declaration of Principles," 6.
159. John Gates, "Our Stand Against Dictatorship," Young Communist Review 4, no.6 (August, 1939): 10.
160. Carl Ross, "What Happened at the American Youth Congress," Young Communist Review 4, no.6 (August, 1939): 7.
161. The YCLGB insisted that the lack of democracy within other socialist youth movements prevented them from embracing
their Popular Front positions. The YCLUSA, like the YCLGB insisted they were one of the most democratic youth
movements of their nation. For their internal practices and external support of democracy, Henry Winston boasted of the
YCL in 1939 stating, "We are proud of the fact that our organization is the most democratic youth organization in the
country." See Henry Winston, Character Building and Education, 13.
162. Joe Cohen, "Youth Defends Spain," Young Communist Review 1, no.1 (September, 1936): 8
163. Cohen, "The Soviet Union and Spain," 9.
164. Carl Ross, "Events of the Month," Young Communist Review 3, no.4 (June, 1938): 17.
165. The same editorial highlighted that while the terminology of Trotskyist rhetoric differed from "ultra-reactionaries such as
Rep. Dies," that in practice there was "little difference in form and now practically none in (the) content" of their critiques.
Members of the YPSL also began reflecting these anti-Trotskyist expressions after working with them for several
years. One YPSL organizer, Eleanora Deren felt that the Trotskyists constant breeches of YPSL discipline that she interpreted
to be a "stab in the back" to the American socialist-youth movement." See Editorials," Young Communist Review 3,
no.9 (November, 1938): 5; Paterson, "The Young Socialist Movement in America," 210. Deren was later to become the
famous Avant-Garde filmmaker known as Maya Deren.
166. Leon Kaplan, "Experiment in Citizenship," Young Communist Review 4, no.6 (August, 1939): 28.
167. West, "The YCL Speaks," 25.
168. "Editorials," Young Communist Review 3, no.4 (June, 1938): 6.
169. Weiss, "Four Years of the American Youth Congress," 5.
170. "Greetings to the World Youth Congress," 3.
171. Mac Weiss, "America's Youth Problem," Young Communist Review 3, no.7 (September, 1938): 11, 12.
179