A critical appraisal of South Africa's market-based land reform policy

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Chapter 2: International land reform debates process that was replaced in 2001 by the LRAD programme. 5. The Strategic Plan for South African Agriculture was drawn up primarily by two farmers’ unions, Agri-SA and the National African Farmers’ Union (NAFU), in response to a request from President Thabo Mbeki. Professor Kirsten produced the drafts and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded the process (NDA 2002:3). 6. LAPC was set up in 1993 to assist in policy development, on the initiative of the Land Desk within the ANC that was headed by Derek Hanekom who became the first Minister of Land Affairs in the first ANC government in 1994. The LAPC carried out a range of studies including a 1994–95 national study of demand for land that culminated in the book Down to earth (Marcus et al. 1996). 7. According to section 25(3) of the Constitution there are five factors to be considered when calculating compensation that is just and equitable, namely the current use of the property; the history of the acquisition and use of the property; the market value of the property; the extent of direct state investment and subsidy in the acquisition and beneficial capital improvement of the property; and the purpose of the expropriation. 8. At the time – 1996 – this was worth approximately US$250. 9. The first draft of the policy was titled the Integrated Programme for Land Redistribution and Agricultural Development in South Africa. 13
A critical appraisal of South Africa’s market-based land reform policy Chapter 3: Methodology This study is a critical examination of the implementation of LRAD in Limpopo up to 2003. The key questions addressed by the study are: ! What kinds of projects are being created by LRAD ! Who is benefiting from LRAD ! Is LRAD achieving its own objectives ! To what extent is LRAD achieving what is expected of marketbased land reform ! Can LRAD and market-based approaches to land reform achieve the objectives of land reform in South Africa The data was gathered as a research project implemented by the Nkuzi Development Association under the management of the author. 1 The author was assisted in the data-gathering phase by a team of three other Nkuzi staff. 2 The core of the study involved the administration of questionnaires that were complemented by field notes. The scope of the study covered all 20 LRAD projects approved by DLA in Limpopo up to the end of March 2003. Information was obtained on all of these projects, and direct interviews were carried out with beneficiaries from 14 of them. Information was also gathered from the Land Bank on the LRAD projects that it had approved in the province. However difficulties in accessing information and limited time and resources made a full investigation of the Land Bank projects impractical. Most of the information was gathered from November 2002 to April 2003. Some follow up interviews were done with key informants later in 2003 and early in 2004 to fill information gaps or clarify areas of uncertainty that emerged during the analysis of the data. Key informants, primarily in DLA, but also from the Limpopo Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Land Bank and the Human Sciences Research Council, were interviewed using structured interviews with open-ended questions. Additional data such as reports and lists of projects were provided by some of the key informants. Fourteen beneficiaries were interviewed using two questionnaires, one that obtained mostly biographical information and the other which focused on agricultural production. Some points of interest that went beyond the structure of the questionnaire were explored further and noted. This information was complemented by site visits and supplementary interviews. Endnotes 1. Nkuzi Development Association is a non-profit organisation working on land and agrarian reform in the Limpopo and Gauteng provinces of South Africa. The author of this study was the Director of Nkuzi at the time the research was carried out. 2. Mike Nefale, Ndiaphi Kwinda and Kgalema Kalauba. 14
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