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textile fibres, especially those of cellulose. Although the reversibility of a newly added flame retardant with water durable qualities is minimal, there is a greater chance that aged treatments can be removed during water cleaning. Even if they will not wash out completely there is a possibility that cleaning with water can reduce the acidity and make the pH more neutral. As shown in a test flame retardant finishes based on phosphorus create acids when stored for several years. But by laundering it can be possible to neutralize and wash out the acidity. [17] But when it has reached the point where the fibres are severely degraded, cleaning with water can be even more destructible and result in a textile that can not carry its own weight. For an object in use, like curtains in a public building, this will mean the end. Since there is no fundamental research on the effect of flame retardants on textile materials easily available this is a tricky subject to approach. It is of great importance that conservators and researchers show interest in the subject and start to evaluate the consequences of flame retardant finishes on textiles with the mission to save our textile heritage. Author Cajsa Hallgren Malmögatan 10b 252 49 Helsingborg Sweden cajsa_hallgren@hotmail.com References 1. Lassen, C., Løkke., S. and Andersen, L. I. 1999. Brominated flame retardants- substance, flow, analysis and assessment of alternatives, Rapport nr. 494/1999. http://www.rohsguiden. <strong>dk</strong>/files/brominated%20flame%20retardants_ mst1999_494.pdf (Accessed 15 April 2008). 2. Räddningsverket. 2004. Bran<strong>dk</strong>rav på lös inredning. http://www.srv.se/Shopping/ pdf/21571.pdf (Accessed 23 January 2009). 3. Hindersinn, R. R. 1990. Historical aspects of polymer fire retardance. I: G. L. Nelson (red.): Fire and Polymers: Hazards Identification and Prevention. New York: American Chemical Society (ACS Symposium Series 425): 87-96. 4. Collier, B. J. och Epps H. H. 1999. Textile Testing and Analysis. Upper Saddler River: Prentice Hall. 5. WHO/IPCS. 1997. Flame Retardants: A General Introduction. Environmental Health Criteria 192. Geneve: WHO. 6. Perkins, W. S. 1996. Textile Coloration and Finishing. Durham: Carolina Academic Press. 7. Kolare, S. 1995. Flamskyddsmedel hotar miljön. Solna: Kemikalieinspektionen. 8. Gohl, E. P. G. and Vilensky, L. D. 1983. Textile Science. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. 9. Gustafsson, B. 2004. Flamskydd 2003. KemI PM Nr 2/04. http://kemi.se/upload/Trycksaker/Pdf/PM/ PM2_04_flamskydd.pdf (Accessed 23 Januari 2009). 10. Kemikalieinspektionens författningssamling, KIFS 2008:2. www.kemi.se/upload/ Forfattningar/KIFS/K08_2.pdf (Accessed 26 February 2009). 11. Halvorson, B. G. 1995. Flame retardant finishes for textiles. Textile Conservation Newsletter 29: 20-26. 12. Svensk flamskyddsteknik. Säkerhetsdatablad för Secura Anti-Flame FRT 25. http:// 195.35.83.106/~xc50513/e-handel/upload/ articlefiles//SC%20SDB%20FRT%2025_ 50.pdf (Accessed 25 February 2009). 13. Finch, Karen. 1969. Note the damaging effect of flame proofing on a tapestry hanging. Studies in Conservation, 14(3). 14. Lundwall, E. 2003. Den ljusskygga textilkonsten: textilkonservering under 1900talet. Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet. 15. Rockliff, D. och Kerr, N. 1984. Fire retardant finishes for fiber art: a conservation perspective: preliminary findings. ICOM Committee for Conservation: 7th Triennial Meeting Copenhagen 10-l4 September 1984: Preprints. Paris: ICOM: 46-50. 79
16. Åkerlund, M., Flato, S. and Hellekant, A. 1998. Från silverfisk till hälsorisk: skadedjur och åtgärder i samlingar. Stockholm: LT. 17. Leblanc, R. B. 1989. Degradation of Pyrovatex-treated fabrics during storage. Textile Research Journal, 59(5): 307-308. 80
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Preserving the evidence of industri
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Copyright: This publication is issu
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Table of contents Foreword ........
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Contributions KeynotespeaKers
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”The control and disciplination o
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uildings of this age. To sum up: Th
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need tons of cans to fully understa
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one of the first to be industrializ
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manufacture of billiard balls. Hyat
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have very similar characteristics;
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MACHINERIES were introduced, but al
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16) Goodman N., Langages de l’art
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Table 1. Collections containing pla
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2: A pile of transparent cel
Page 31 and 32: diisocyanate such as diphenylmethan
Page 33 and 34: Figure 7: Environmental Stress Crac
Page 35 and 36: Author Yvonne Shashoua Senior Resea
Page 38: Contributions
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1. H.A. Brendekilde, Odense
Page 43 and 44: weaving, the imported machine spun
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2. T. Kloss. Den danske eska
Page 47 and 48: Annemette B. Scharff, MSc. The Roya
Page 49 and 50: 22. Eckersberg diaries, 29.7.1834:
Page 52 and 53: The St Just Coast Project 1995 - 20
Page 54 and 55: Prior to the St Just Coast Project
Page 56 and 57: shaft. Considering the considerable
Page 58: In 2005 the slipway at Cape Cornwal
Page 61 and 62: Figure 1: The EWO dosimeter holder
Page 63 and 64: Figure 2: EWO results reporting dia
Page 65 and 66: Figure 3: Correlation of EWO respon
Page 67 and 68: The EWO is available on direct orde
Page 69 and 70: Figure 2. Nature is back at coking
Page 71 and 72: 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 70 Figure 3a-e Being
Page 73 and 74: Table 2. Case studies location Hatt
Page 76 and 77: Flameproofed textiles in museums an
Page 78 and 79: y strong acidity created as an effe
Page 82 and 83: Cold storage as an alternative to m
Page 84 and 85: % of objects 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
Page 86 and 87: % of very brittle objects (3 hand f
Page 88 and 89: lie in the range of 20-25 euros per
Page 90 and 91: Preservation of sponsored films Int
Page 92 and 93: In the case of A & B rolls the diff
Page 94 and 95: Table 2. Advantages and disadvantag
Page 96: Table 3 “The preservation route
Page 99 and 100: The scientific committee considered
Page 101 and 102: DSCF 1304 Preservation of mass-prod
Page 104 and 105: Developing a policy and procedure f
Page 106 and 107: at the (very) occasional public ope
Page 108 and 109: • the object’s current conditio
Page 110 and 111: Polymers in watches manufactured in
Page 112 and 113: as a result of the Watch Valley con
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6. The Astrolon Watch “Ide
Page 116 and 117: of status of the watch is obvious i
Page 118 and 119: [26] Bergeon, S. Ethique et conserv
Page 120 and 121: Gramophones and Records - the first
Page 122 and 123: Record manufacturing process 1925-1
Page 124 and 125: Gramophones The reproducing machine
Page 126 and 127: Pickups (and cutterheads) are very
Page 128 and 129: USS Monitor conservation: preservin
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 1: X-radiograph mosaic of US
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Figure 4: Detail of ventilation uni
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Figure 8: Detail of Monitor’s pac
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Authors Eric Nordgren, David Krop,
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Figure 2. The Ducretet inductor coi
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During its time in storage at the N
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Figure 8. Wigmore Castle after cons
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[14]Henderson, J. And P. Manti (200
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The instability of iron when subjec
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Fig. 2 Rust stains on the too-thinl
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Fig. 4 Some bicycles in use and in
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5. Conservation options: Preserving
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Another look at painted finishes on
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the currency of the finishes. The w
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Figure 3 WW2 airplane with newly-pa
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paint chips that are simulated with
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Notes: 1. There are a few notable e
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Industrially produced paint and the
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twentieth century. In the same peri
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table 1. cont. Styrenebutadiene or
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Figure 3. “A useful play!” is t
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Author Nynne Raunsgaard Sethia Den
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Protection of iron and steel in ind
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provided by the manufacturers indic
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Table 2: Suppliers for selected pro
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Table 3: Application, appearance an
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Figure 5: Impedance versus frequenc
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3. Hollner, S., Mirambet, F., Rocca
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The choice of coating system depend
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Figure 4. Dockside crane No.16 Orth
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Recovering the Icon ? The restorati
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Fig 3: Early 20th century photograp
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Fig 8: New mercury-vapor rectifiers
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problematic since the colliery clos
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Despite all our rational attempts a
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Author Dipl.-Ing. Norbert Tempel, L
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The conservation of a Victorian shi
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sold to the Falkland Islanders and
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Figure 9. Fort Brockhurst Bridge -
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Figure 13 Artist’s impression of
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 21 View from bow after the w
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[3] Transactions of the Institute o
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38 in total, included on the Norweg
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published a new version of their fi
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Figure 4. The turbines, one origina
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Author Vigdis Vingelsgaard Conserva
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Figure 2: 6200 locomotive on front
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Figure 4: Methyl bromide extinguish
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2. Biological: Obvious biological h
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Finalizing Comments
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colliery engine house to have stain
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for us to think that the treatment
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certain product may quickly turn in
Page 244:
Organising committee anDersen, vivi
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