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Table 1: Environmental parameter values used as input in the calibration equations (1) and (2) to determine EWO dosimeter response at the tolerability - location levels 1 - 5. Due to the additive nature of the calibration equation and the generally similar oxidative effects of NO 2 and O 3 , the values for NO 2 and O 3 in Table 3 are half of those determined from the literature for each gas (Table 3 and 4). Trigger values Threshold / Tolerability - location levels NO2 (ppb) O3 (ppb) UV (m W/m2 ) RH = T (ºC) RH = RH= 45 % 55 % 65 % 1 – Archive store 1 1.15 1 20.8 19.3 18.2 2 – Purpose built museum 2.5 3 3.75 22.9 21.4 20.2 3 – House museum 5 6.5 15 24.5 23 21.8 4 – Open structure 10 12.5 37.5 26.8 25.3 24.1 5 – External store with no control 15 25 37.5 29.0 27.6 26.2 Table 2: EWO dosimeter trigger response values determined from the values in Table 1 and the dose-response equations 1 and 2. The tolerable response for a location is for values below the trigger value. In the EU project MASTER it was evaluated that showcases should be one level lower than its location. Thresholds / Tolerability - location levels Trigger value (ads-units) RH = 45 % RH = 55 % RH = 65 % 1 – Archive store 0.0064 0.0064 0.0063 2 – Purpose built museum gallery 0.0174 0.0171 0.0170 3 – Historic house museum 0.0273 0.0268 0.0264 4 – Open display in open structure 0.0448 0.0440 0.0433 5 – Outside store with no control 0.0717 0.0703 0.0689 The EWO-dosimeter was measured to be sensitive to SO2 as a single pollutant only at high concentrations (> 60 ppb) and high humidity (> 60 %). It is not sensitive to organic acids, and does not measure effect of particles or dust. Table 1 gives threshold levels for environmental variables for different relevant locations, determined as realistic low levels giving similar LOAEDs (Lowest Observable Adverse Effects Doses) [5] for vulnerable organic materials such as coloured silk and paper, for durations decreasing inversely to the concentration values for less protected locations at higher levels. The values in Table 1 were used as input to Eq. (1), for location 1, Archive store, and to Eq. (2) for the other four locations to obtain the threshold levels or “location-tolerability” levels for the measured EWO effect, given in Table 2. The EWO does not respond to RH, so the slight RH dependence in Table 2 was determined from the T / RH isoperm values valid for paper [6] . Figure 2 shows an example of the results diagram presently accompanying the end reporting to an EWO user. This building (Figure 2) was not designed for storage of museum artifacts, and was in the process of being refurbished. Most of the locations measured had an oxidizing environment only tolerable for an open display in an open museum, which is probably not satisfactory for the planned storage rooms. The museum may be interested to do similar measurements after the refurbishing process is finished to get a measure for the expected improvement and conditions for the objects to be placed in storage. EWO assessment of degradation risk for modern synthetic materials – based on environmental threshold levels Ideally valuable museum objects should have no contact with air contaminants that degrade them. It is technically possible, but expensive, to store and / or display objects in vacuum or under inert gases such as e.g. argon. Most museum objects are and 61
Figure 2: EWO results reporting diagram. The diagram is for five measured locations in a building planned to be used as storage rooms for the Historical Museum in Oslo (KHM). The results for locations 4 and 5 are near the same value. The short horizontal markers represent all the EWO measurements performed in the EU project MASTER, in showcases, gallery locations and outdoors, from which the dose-response equations (Eq. 1. and 2) were derived. will for the foreseeable future be kept in “normal atmospheres” where the level of pollutants will mostly be determined by the location, construction, materials, and ventilation properties of buildings and “containers” (showcases, microclimate-frames, storage boxes etc.) where the objects are kept. For any location a lowered pollution level and exposure is always preferable. However, for the conservator, it is useful to know if a particular pollutant level is down to a “tolerable level”. A “tolerable level” could be when further reduction of the pollutants for that location becomes much more expensive or is not technically or aesthetically feasible. The threshold levels in Table 1 were evaluated to be obtainable good conditions for the respective five major representative classes of museum locations. Tables 3 and 4 [7] show a selection of degradation effects observed on materials for doses 62 (concentration * duration of exposure) of NO 2 and O 3 at these levels. [3,5] Table 3 shows that plant dyes on cotton are more sensitive to NO2 than paper strength which is more sensitive than natural organic colorants on paper. Table 4 shows that most sensitive organic colorants are more sensitive to O3 than photographic film dyes and images which are more sensitive than paper and organic colorants on water colour paper and silk. The observational data in Table 3 and 4 were used as input for Table 2 and give, although not exactly, equal weight to the concentration levels and years of exposures in the dose calculation, - so that e.g. 2 ppb * 10 years = 10 ppb * 2 years. This is represented by linear dose-response correlations of the form:
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Preserving the evidence of industri
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Copyright: This publication is issu
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Table of contents Foreword ........
Page 8:
Contributions KeynotespeaKers
Page 11 and 12: ”The control and disciplination o
Page 13 and 14: uildings of this age. To sum up: Th
Page 15 and 16: need tons of cans to fully understa
Page 17 and 18: one of the first to be industrializ
Page 19 and 20: manufacture of billiard balls. Hyat
Page 21 and 22: have very similar characteristics;
Page 23 and 24: MACHINERIES were introduced, but al
Page 25 and 26: 16) Goodman N., Langages de l’art
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Collections containing pla
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2: A pile of transparent cel
Page 31 and 32: diisocyanate such as diphenylmethan
Page 33 and 34: Figure 7: Environmental Stress Crac
Page 35 and 36: Author Yvonne Shashoua Senior Resea
Page 38: Contributions
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1. H.A. Brendekilde, Odense
Page 43 and 44: weaving, the imported machine spun
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2. T. Kloss. Den danske eska
Page 47 and 48: Annemette B. Scharff, MSc. The Roya
Page 49 and 50: 22. Eckersberg diaries, 29.7.1834:
Page 52 and 53: The St Just Coast Project 1995 - 20
Page 54 and 55: Prior to the St Just Coast Project
Page 56 and 57: shaft. Considering the considerable
Page 58: In 2005 the slipway at Cape Cornwal
Page 61: Figure 1: The EWO dosimeter holder
Page 65 and 66: Figure 3: Correlation of EWO respon
Page 67 and 68: The EWO is available on direct orde
Page 69 and 70: Figure 2. Nature is back at coking
Page 71 and 72: 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 70 Figure 3a-e Being
Page 73 and 74: Table 2. Case studies location Hatt
Page 76 and 77: Flameproofed textiles in museums an
Page 78 and 79: y strong acidity created as an effe
Page 80 and 81: textile fibres, especially those of
Page 82 and 83: Cold storage as an alternative to m
Page 84 and 85: % of objects 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
Page 86 and 87: % of very brittle objects (3 hand f
Page 88 and 89: lie in the range of 20-25 euros per
Page 90 and 91: Preservation of sponsored films Int
Page 92 and 93: In the case of A & B rolls the diff
Page 94 and 95: Table 2. Advantages and disadvantag
Page 96: Table 3 “The preservation route
Page 99 and 100: The scientific committee considered
Page 101 and 102: DSCF 1304 Preservation of mass-prod
Page 104 and 105: Developing a policy and procedure f
Page 106 and 107: at the (very) occasional public ope
Page 108 and 109: • the object’s current conditio
Page 110 and 111: Polymers in watches manufactured in
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as a result of the Watch Valley con
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Figure 6. The Astrolon Watch “Ide
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of status of the watch is obvious i
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[26] Bergeon, S. Ethique et conserv
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Gramophones and Records - the first
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Record manufacturing process 1925-1
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Gramophones The reproducing machine
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Pickups (and cutterheads) are very
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USS Monitor conservation: preservin
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Figure 1: X-radiograph mosaic of US
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Figure 4: Detail of ventilation uni
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Figure 8: Detail of Monitor’s pac
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Authors Eric Nordgren, David Krop,
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Figure 2. The Ducretet inductor coi
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During its time in storage at the N
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Figure 8. Wigmore Castle after cons
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[14]Henderson, J. And P. Manti (200
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The instability of iron when subjec
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Fig. 2 Rust stains on the too-thinl
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Fig. 4 Some bicycles in use and in
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5. Conservation options: Preserving
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Another look at painted finishes on
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the currency of the finishes. The w
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Figure 3 WW2 airplane with newly-pa
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paint chips that are simulated with
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Notes: 1. There are a few notable e
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Industrially produced paint and the
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twentieth century. In the same peri
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table 1. cont. Styrenebutadiene or
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Figure 3. “A useful play!” is t
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Author Nynne Raunsgaard Sethia Den
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Protection of iron and steel in ind
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provided by the manufacturers indic
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Table 2: Suppliers for selected pro
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Table 3: Application, appearance an
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Figure 5: Impedance versus frequenc
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3. Hollner, S., Mirambet, F., Rocca
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The choice of coating system depend
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Figure 4. Dockside crane No.16 Orth
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Recovering the Icon ? The restorati
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Fig 3: Early 20th century photograp
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Fig 8: New mercury-vapor rectifiers
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problematic since the colliery clos
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Despite all our rational attempts a
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Author Dipl.-Ing. Norbert Tempel, L
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The conservation of a Victorian shi
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sold to the Falkland Islanders and
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Figure 9. Fort Brockhurst Bridge -
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Figure 13 Artist’s impression of
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Figure 21 View from bow after the w
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[3] Transactions of the Institute o
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38 in total, included on the Norweg
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published a new version of their fi
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Figure 4. The turbines, one origina
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Author Vigdis Vingelsgaard Conserva
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Figure 2: 6200 locomotive on front
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Figure 4: Methyl bromide extinguish
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2. Biological: Obvious biological h
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Finalizing Comments
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colliery engine house to have stain
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for us to think that the treatment
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certain product may quickly turn in
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Organising committee anDersen, vivi
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