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magnitude is larger than that of the multi-phase CFD model. Taking 90% of the magnitude of velocity obtained from the single phase CFD model, the visual agreement with the PIV results is presented in Figure 2.28. Figure 2.28: 90% single phase CFD velocity contour plot with PIV cut area from (upper) vs. PIV velocity contour plot (lower) for 6 inch water depth on the trough section TRACC/TFHRC Y1Q3 Page 38
Conclusions for Comparison with Experiment: The experimental work is not yet complete, and therefore this assessment is preliminary. The experimental PIV and ADV data show differences that are of the same order as the differences between either of the experimental approaches and the CFD results. All of these show significant variation of velocity over culvert cross sections with higher velocity near the center. Making engineering use of data obtained from CFD analysis on cross section variation of velocity will likely be an improvement over just using the mean velocity in design of culverts for fish passage. While there are differences in both of the experimental techniques and the multiphase and single phase CFD approaches to obtaining the cross section velocity distribution, the information is much closer to reality than an assumed uniform mean velocity. Culvert design for fish passage cannot come close to conditions that would exhaust fish attempting to swim through the culvert, and therefore the use of data that has some uncertainty but is much better than current practice can still yield a major improvement in design practice. 2.3.9. References 1. Matt Blank, Joel Cahoon, Tom McMahon, “Advanced studies of fish passage through culverts: 1-D and 3-D hydraulic modeling of velocity, fish expenditure and a new barrier assesment method,” Department of Civil Engineering and Ecology, Montana State University, October, 2008 . 2. Marian Muste, Hao-Che Ho, Daniel Mehl,“Insights into the origin & characteristic of the sedimentation process at multi barrel culverts in Iowa”, Final Report, IHRB, TR-596, June, 2010. 3. Liaqat A. Khan, Elizabeth W.Roy, and Mizan Rashid, “CFD modelling of Forebay hydrodyamics created by a floating juvenile fish collection facility at the upper bank river dam”, Washington, 2008. 4. Angela Gardner, “Fish Passage Through Road Culverts” MS Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2006. 5. Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Pati, “CFD modeling and analysis of flow through culverts”, MS Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2010. 6. Kornel Kerenyi, “Final Draft, Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flow Proposed Tests” unpublished TFHRC experimental and CFD analysis of culvert flow for fish passage work plan, 2011. TRACC/TFHRC Y1Q3 Page 39
Page 1 and 2: ANL/ESD/11-39 Computational Mechani
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Page 7 and 8: 3.3.4. Simplifying Assumptions ....
Page 9 and 10: Figure 2.22: Velocity distribution
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 2.1: Boundary
Page 13 and 14: experiments at TFHRC continued. A m
Page 15 and 16: 2. Computational Fluid Dynamics for
Page 17 and 18: ( ) ( ) (2.8) where A 0, A 1, and n
Page 19 and 20: efine the rate function to improve
Page 21 and 22: The objective of this work is to de
Page 23 and 24: 2.3.2. Mesh Refinement Study As det
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.2: Details of the various m
Page 27 and 28: indicating the surface averaged vel
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.13: Line probes created at
Page 31 and 32: In Figure 2.15 the velocity and the
Page 33 and 34: Mesh 1 Mesh 2 Mesh 3 Mesh 4 Mesh 5
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.20: Dimensional details of
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.22: Velocity distribution
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.25: CFD velocity contour p
Page 41: Figure 2.27: CFD velocity contour p
Page 45 and 46: 3.1.1.1. Approach To date, an initi
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.4: Sampling domain [3] A c
Page 49 and 50: present. In addition during the sum
Page 51 and 52: For each level, the figures below s
Page 53 and 54: 0.0 sec 0.5 sec 1.0 sec 1.5 sec 2.0
Page 59 and 60: 3.2.1. Vehicle Stability under High
Page 61 and 62: ̇ = steer angle These equations co
Page 63 and 64: ̈ With the success to the above an
Page 65 and 66: command. This requires the creation
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.17: FEM Model of a Ford F-
Page 69 and 70: 3) Chen, F. and Chen, S., “Assess
Page 71 and 72: 75 50 25 Force (N) 0 -25 -50 -75 -1
Page 73 and 74: while the passive system has fixed
Page 75 and 76: the controllable EMSA. Simulations
Page 77 and 78: 4. Build a shell container with the
Page 79 and 80: Figure 3.32 Comparison of the initi

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