ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation
ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation
ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation
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Science, Technology &<br />
Innovation <strong>for</strong> Development:<br />
Lessons from CTA<br />
JUDITH ANN FRANCIS<br />
SEPTEMBER , 2011 1
About CTA<br />
CTA is a joint<br />
institution of the <strong>ACP</strong><br />
Group of States (79)<br />
<strong>and</strong> European Union<br />
Member States <strong>and</strong><br />
operates under the<br />
framework of the<br />
Cotonou Agreement. It<br />
is funded by the <strong>EU</strong>.<br />
2
Some History<br />
• 2001 - <strong>ACP</strong> In<strong>for</strong>mal Working Group (IWG) on S&T<br />
established<br />
• 2002 – <strong>ACP</strong>/<strong>EU</strong> Cape Town Ministerial Conference on<br />
Research <strong>and</strong> Technology <strong>for</strong> Sustainable<br />
Development<br />
• 2003 - CTA S&T strategies programme launched with<br />
a focus on ST&I <strong>for</strong> agricultural <strong>and</strong> rural<br />
development<br />
• IWG <strong>for</strong>malized <strong>and</strong> renamed - Advisory<br />
Committee on S&T <strong>for</strong> <strong>ACP</strong> Agricultural <strong>and</strong> <strong>Rural</strong><br />
Development (AC)<br />
3
<strong>ACP</strong> Agricultural Per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
60.0<br />
50.0<br />
40.0<br />
30.0<br />
20.0<br />
10.0<br />
Southern Africa<br />
Central Africa<br />
West Africa<br />
Eastern Africa<br />
Caribbean<br />
Pacific<br />
0.0<br />
1979-81 1999-01 2005<br />
4
CTA S&T Programme<br />
• Objective – To support the <strong>ACP</strong> region in their ef<strong>for</strong>ts to<br />
harness science, technology <strong>and</strong> innovation (ST&I) <strong>for</strong><br />
enhanced agricultural per<strong>for</strong>mance, sustainable rural<br />
development <strong>and</strong> socio-economic development.<br />
• Purpose - <strong>ACP</strong> researchers, academics <strong>and</strong> civil society<br />
mobilized <strong>and</strong> empowered <strong>for</strong> influencing ST&I policy <strong>and</strong><br />
decision-making processes <strong>and</strong> supporting related<br />
programme implementation <strong>for</strong> agricultural <strong>and</strong> rural<br />
development<br />
• Approach – Through partnerships with key <strong>ACP</strong> / <strong>EU</strong><br />
organizations, scientists including young professionals <strong>and</strong><br />
policymakers, capacity building <strong>and</strong> facilitating continuous<br />
engagement in ST&I policy processes<br />
5
Key Activities<br />
• Annual meeting of the Advisory Committee – <strong>ACP</strong>/<strong>EU</strong><br />
think tank providing leadership on key ST&I issues<br />
• Expert face to face consultations <strong>for</strong> achieving shared<br />
underst<strong>and</strong>ing on key issues <strong>and</strong> designing <strong>and</strong><br />
in<strong>for</strong>ming ST&I policies <strong>and</strong> programmes<br />
• Strengthening intra <strong>and</strong> inter <strong>ACP</strong>/<strong>EU</strong> collaboration<br />
<strong>and</strong> networking on ST&I <strong>for</strong> agricultural <strong>and</strong> rural<br />
development<br />
• Facilitating access to in<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>and</strong> electronic<br />
discussions on key ST&I issues<br />
6
Facilitating Dialogue<br />
• <strong>ACP</strong>/<strong>EU</strong> Expert Consultations (2003-2010)<br />
– Biodiversity<br />
– Biofuels<br />
– Biotechnology<br />
– Building a critical mass of scientists<br />
– Climate change<br />
– Dryl<strong>and</strong> agriculture<br />
– Foresighting<br />
– Indigenous knowledge<br />
– Innovation systems<br />
– Innovation system per<strong>for</strong>mance indicators<br />
– Livestock & Fisheries<br />
– Nanotechnology<br />
– Tertiary education<br />
– Water<br />
• AC meeting 2011 – Postharvest knowledge systems 7
ICM electronic plat<strong>for</strong>m<br />
• A dedicated S&T portal - http://knowledge.cta.int/<br />
• Lead opinion pieces by <strong>ACP</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>EU</strong> authors<br />
• Monthly e-newsletter – app 4,000 subscribers<br />
• Social media targeting young scientists<br />
8
Building Capacity on Innovation<br />
• Initial training of 6 <strong>ACP</strong> experts on underst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />
innovation processes <strong>and</strong> applying the innovation<br />
systems approach to analyzing the <strong>ACP</strong><br />
agricultural, science, technology <strong>and</strong> innovation<br />
(ASTI) system<br />
• Regional ASTI <strong>and</strong> national TOT workshops –<br />
specially designed course<br />
• Support <strong>for</strong> national case studies (>20)<br />
• Pilot ASTI system per<strong>for</strong>mance indicators<br />
9
Some Thoughts / Lessons<br />
• Science <strong>and</strong> Policy are still too divided<br />
– Not enough science /scientists<br />
– Too many disjointed ef<strong>for</strong>ts /small projects<br />
– Too much competition <strong>for</strong> scarce resources<br />
– Limited underst<strong>and</strong>ing of the complexities<br />
– Mistrust & ethical issues<br />
• North/south divide persists & not enough<br />
south/south collaboration<br />
– Ethics<br />
– Respect<br />
– Availability & access to resources<br />
10
Future through agriculture<br />
‣Economic development - equity, jobs, % GDP growth<br />
‣Social development – mobility, inclusion, education, health<br />
‣Scientific & technological capability – local / national<br />
‣Trade & Markets - infrastructure, st<strong>and</strong>ards – national<br />
‣Ecosystem sustainability<br />
‣Food security – national priority<br />
‣Governance – democracy, institutions, leadership<br />
11
The Agric-Value Chain<br />
12
Environment <strong>for</strong> innovation<br />
Infrastructure PNG – Rice Jamaica - ginger Grenada - nutmeg Tanzania - banana Malawi - maize<br />
Government<br />
incentives <strong>for</strong><br />
innovation<br />
Scientific / skilled<br />
manpower<br />
Competence of<br />
local universities<br />
Competence of<br />
R&D org<br />
Intellectual<br />
Property Rights<br />
Weak Weak Weak Weak Average<br />
Weak Average Weak Weak Average<br />
Weak Weak Weak Weak Average<br />
Average Average Weak Very Weak Weak<br />
Weak Weak Weak Very Weak Weak<br />
Venture Capital Very Weak Weak Weak Very Weak Weak<br />
Quality of ICT<br />
services<br />
Weak Strong Average Weak Weak<br />
State of Power Average Strong Average Weak Weak<br />
State of water<br />
supply<br />
Average Average Average Weak Weak<br />
14
Linkages in the System<br />
Actor Linkage<br />
Intensity<br />
Jamaica – Ginger &<br />
mango<br />
Cameroon – cassava &<br />
cocoa<br />
Senegal - rice<br />
Public research -<br />
enterprise<br />
Weak Average Average - strong<br />
Public research –<br />
extension/diffusion<br />
Average Average Average - strong<br />
University - enterprise Weak Weak - Average None - Weak<br />
National – international<br />
research<br />
Weak - Average Strong Strong<br />
Extension / diffusion –<br />
Enterprise<br />
Average Average Average - strong<br />
Enterprise - enterprise Strong Strong Very strong<br />
15
Conclusion<br />
Enabling policies, knowledge, skills, science &<br />
technology infrastructure, financing <strong>and</strong><br />
innovation are essential.<br />
16