Research Projects on Climate Change and Food Security in the SADC ...
Research Projects on Climate Change and Food Security in the SADC ...
Research Projects on Climate Change and Food Security in the SADC ...
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<str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Projects</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>Climate</strong><br />
<strong>Change</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Food</strong> <strong>Security</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>SADC</strong> Regi<strong>on</strong><br />
Kathar<strong>in</strong>e V<strong>in</strong>cent <strong>and</strong> Tracy Cull<br />
“Underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>kages between climate change,<br />
human health, water <strong>and</strong> food security: research <strong>and</strong><br />
knowledge shar<strong>in</strong>g for sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa”<br />
Cape Town, 18-20 February 2009
Purpose of <strong>the</strong> Study<br />
Bear<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d <strong>the</strong> projected impacts of<br />
climate change <strong>on</strong> food security <strong>in</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Africa…<br />
1. to syn<strong>the</strong>size <strong>the</strong> results of recent research <strong>on</strong><br />
climate change <strong>and</strong> food security with<strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>SADC</strong>, <strong>and</strong><br />
2. to map <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>s that operate <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
regi<strong>on</strong> l<strong>in</strong>ked to climate change <strong>and</strong> food<br />
security
Report Outl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
List of Acr<strong>on</strong>yms<br />
Executive summary<br />
1 Introducti<strong>on</strong><br />
2 <strong>Climate</strong> change <strong>and</strong> food security-evoluti<strong>on</strong> evoluti<strong>on</strong> of <strong>the</strong> debates with<strong>in</strong><br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa<br />
2.1 Evidence for climate change<br />
2.2 Projected future changes <strong>in</strong> climate<br />
2.3 Projected impacts of climate change<br />
2.4 Approaches to food security<br />
2.4.1 <strong>Food</strong> security analysis<br />
2.4.2 Entitlement approach<br />
3 L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g climate change <strong>and</strong> food security: <strong>the</strong> food systems approach<br />
4 Syn<strong>the</strong>sis of research gaps/opportunities for DDRN<br />
5 C<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> recommendati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
6 <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> capacity <strong>in</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa<br />
7 REFERENCES<br />
Appendix: a selecti<strong>on</strong> of o<strong>the</strong>r important regi<strong>on</strong>al actors with regard to<br />
climate change <strong>and</strong>/or food security
Current th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>on</strong> climate change <strong>and</strong><br />
food security: food systems approach<br />
• Sees food systems as a coupled envir<strong>on</strong>mental-<br />
social system<br />
• Allows recogniti<strong>on</strong> that climate change does not<br />
<strong>on</strong>ly affect food producti<strong>on</strong>, but also o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
aspects of <strong>the</strong> system (transport, distributi<strong>on</strong>,<br />
storage, etc)<br />
• Also useful for recognis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> multiple drivers of<br />
food <strong>in</strong>security (climate change, c<strong>on</strong>flict, HIV<br />
<strong>and</strong> AIDS, governance, markets…)
Def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Instituti<strong>on</strong>s<br />
• <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Programmes/Networks/Knowledge<br />
Platforms<br />
• Instituti<strong>on</strong>s where <strong>the</strong>re is a recognised<br />
research group (i.e. more than <strong>on</strong>e pers<strong>on</strong>)<br />
undertak<strong>in</strong>g research <strong>on</strong> both climate change<br />
<strong>and</strong> food security<br />
But also <strong>in</strong>cluded:<br />
• Summary of universities that have had staff<br />
<strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> research programmes/networks/<br />
knowledge platforms
The Provisos <strong>and</strong> Boundaries<br />
In c<strong>on</strong>sider<strong>in</strong>g research programmes/ networks/<br />
knowledge platforms we have not <strong>in</strong>cluded:<br />
• those that are c<strong>on</strong>cerned solely with climate change or<br />
food security<br />
• nati<strong>on</strong>al level <strong>in</strong>itiatives that address climate change <strong>and</strong><br />
food security – <strong>the</strong>se tend to be actual development<br />
<strong>in</strong>terventi<strong>on</strong>s ra<strong>the</strong>r than hav<strong>in</strong>g a research comp<strong>on</strong>ent<br />
(e.g. adaptati<strong>on</strong> projects with fund<strong>in</strong>g from multilateral<br />
or bilateral d<strong>on</strong>ors)<br />
• nati<strong>on</strong>al government m<strong>in</strong>istries that are c<strong>on</strong>cerned with<br />
climate change <strong>and</strong>/or food security
Programme Name<br />
Programme Type<br />
Dates<br />
<strong>SADC</strong><br />
Countries<br />
Assessments of Impacts <strong>and</strong><br />
Adaptati<strong>on</strong>s to <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>Change</strong><br />
(AIACC)<br />
Global fund<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong>itiative<br />
2001-current<br />
Botswana<br />
Mozambique<br />
Seychelles<br />
South Africa<br />
Capacity Streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of Least<br />
Developed Countries for<br />
Adaptati<strong>on</strong> to <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>Change</strong><br />
(CLACC)<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al<br />
network<br />
2004-current<br />
Malawi<br />
Mozambique<br />
Tanzania<br />
Zambia<br />
Zimbabwe<br />
<strong>Climate</strong> <strong>Change</strong> Adaptati<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
Africa (CCAA)<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong>al d<strong>on</strong>or-led<br />
fund<strong>in</strong>g<br />
programme for<br />
research projects<br />
2006-current<br />
Madagascar<br />
Malawi<br />
South Africa<br />
Tanzania<br />
Zambia<br />
Zimbabwe<br />
Fam<strong>in</strong>e Early Warn<strong>in</strong>g Systems<br />
Network (FEWS NET)<br />
US-funded<br />
technical assistance<br />
<strong>in</strong>itiative<br />
1985-current<br />
Malawi<br />
Mozambique<br />
Tanzania<br />
Zambia<br />
Zimbabwe
Programme Name<br />
Programme Type<br />
Dates<br />
<strong>SADC</strong><br />
Countries<br />
<strong>Food</strong>, Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Natural<br />
Resources Policy Analysis<br />
Network (FANRPAN)(<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn African<br />
network<br />
2002-current<br />
Angola<br />
Botswana<br />
Lesotho<br />
Swazil<strong>and</strong><br />
Mauritius<br />
Malawi<br />
Mozambique<br />
Namibia<br />
South Africa<br />
Tanzania<br />
Zambia<br />
Zimbabwe<br />
<strong>Food</strong> Insecurity <strong>and</strong> Vulnerability<br />
Informati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Mapp<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Systems (FIVIMS)<br />
UN <strong>in</strong>ter-agency<br />
work<strong>in</strong>g group<br />
2000-current<br />
Madagascar<br />
Mozambique<br />
Namibia<br />
South Africa<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al Council for Science<br />
– Regi<strong>on</strong>al Office for Africa (ICSU<br />
– ROA)<br />
N<strong>on</strong>-governmental<br />
(research)<br />
organisati<strong>on</strong><br />
2005<br />
Sub-Saharan<br />
Saharan<br />
Africa
Programme Name<br />
Programme Type<br />
Dates<br />
<strong>SADC</strong><br />
Countries<br />
Global Envir<strong>on</strong>mental <strong>Change</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>Food</strong> Systems (Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa)<br />
(GECAFS-SAF)<br />
SAF)<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al<br />
research<br />
programme<br />
2001-2011<br />
2011<br />
Angola<br />
Botswana<br />
Lesotho<br />
Malawi<br />
Mozambique<br />
Namibia<br />
South Africa<br />
Swazil<strong>and</strong><br />
Zambia<br />
Zimbabwe<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>Food</strong> Policy<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Institute (IFPRI)<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>in</strong>stitute<br />
of CGIAR<br />
1975<br />
Malawi<br />
South Africa<br />
Zambia<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al Institute for<br />
Envir<strong>on</strong>ment <strong>and</strong> Development:<br />
<strong>Climate</strong> <strong>Change</strong> Group (IIED)<br />
Independent<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al<br />
research<br />
organisati<strong>on</strong><br />
runn<strong>in</strong>g several<br />
programmes<br />
2001<br />
Develop<strong>in</strong>g<br />
countries
Programme Name<br />
Programme Type<br />
Dates<br />
<strong>SADC</strong><br />
Countries<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong>al <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>Change</strong><br />
Programme (RCCP)<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
programme for<br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa<br />
funded by DFID<br />
2009-2014<br />
2014<br />
<strong>SADC</strong>,<br />
especially<br />
Malawi<br />
Namibia<br />
Tanzania<br />
Zambia<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong>al Hunger <strong>and</strong><br />
Vulnerability Programme (RHVP)<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
programme for<br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa<br />
funded by DFID<br />
2005-2010<br />
2010<br />
Whole of <strong>SADC</strong><br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa Regi<strong>on</strong>al Poverty<br />
Network (SARPN)<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
network/NGO<br />
2001-current<br />
Whole of <strong>SADC</strong><br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn African Development<br />
Community Regi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
Vulnerability Assessment<br />
Committee (<strong>SADC</strong>-RVAC)<br />
Multi agency<br />
regi<strong>on</strong>al committee<br />
1999<br />
Whole of <strong>SADC</strong><br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn African Vulnerability<br />
Initiative (SAVI)<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong>al research<br />
programme <strong>and</strong><br />
network<br />
2003<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Africa
Detailed Informati<strong>on</strong> provided <strong>on</strong><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Programmes/ Networks/<br />
Knowledge Platforms<br />
• Programme title<br />
• Programme type<br />
• C<strong>on</strong>tact details/key pers<strong>on</strong>nel<br />
• Country/ies<br />
• Agencies <strong>in</strong>volved/partnerships<br />
• Year started<br />
• Programme descripti<strong>on</strong><br />
• Programme aims <strong>and</strong> objectives<br />
• Outputs
Universities/<str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Institutes/NGOs<br />
with research capacity <strong>in</strong> climate<br />
change <strong>and</strong> food security<br />
Botswana<br />
Lesotho<br />
Madagascar<br />
Malawi<br />
Mozambique<br />
Namibia<br />
Swazil<strong>and</strong><br />
Zambia<br />
University of Botswana<br />
University of Lesotho<br />
Universite d’Antananarivod<br />
Coord<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> Unit for <strong>the</strong> Rehabilitati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>the</strong> Envir<strong>on</strong>ment (CURE)<br />
Civil Society Agriculture Network (CISANET)<br />
Malawi Polytechnique<br />
University of Malawi<br />
Centro Naci<strong>on</strong>al de Cartografica e Teledeteccao<br />
Acti<strong>on</strong> Group for Renewable Energies <strong>and</strong> Susta<strong>in</strong>able Development<br />
Eduardo M<strong>on</strong>dlane University<br />
Namibia Ec<strong>on</strong>omic Policy <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Institute<br />
University of Swazil<strong>and</strong><br />
Energy <strong>and</strong> Envir<strong>on</strong>mental C<strong>on</strong>cerns for Zambia<br />
Agricultural C<strong>on</strong>sultative Forum (ACF)<br />
University of Zambia
South Africa<br />
Tanzania<br />
Zimbabwe<br />
Council for Scientific <strong>and</strong> Industrial <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> (CSIR)<br />
Ec<strong>on</strong>omic Policy <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Institute (EPRI)<br />
University of Cape Town (<strong>Climate</strong> Systems Analysis Group)<br />
University of <strong>the</strong> Free State<br />
University of KwaZulu Natal<br />
University of Limpopo<br />
University of Pretoria<br />
University of <strong>the</strong> Witwatersr<strong>and</strong><br />
Ec<strong>on</strong>omic <strong>and</strong> Social <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> Foundati<strong>on</strong><br />
Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Protecti<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Management Services<br />
Institute for Resource Assessment<br />
Soko<strong>in</strong>e University of Agriculture<br />
Midl<strong>and</strong>s State University<br />
ZERO Regi<strong>on</strong>al Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Organisati<strong>on</strong><br />
University of Zimbabwe
Key observati<strong>on</strong>s from this mapp<strong>in</strong>g<br />
exercise<br />
• Impressive array of research programmes – but<br />
how effective are <strong>the</strong>y<br />
• A large amount of technical <strong>in</strong>formati<strong>on</strong> exists –<br />
but does it get to <strong>the</strong> people who need to know it<br />
• Disproporti<strong>on</strong>ate role of South African<br />
<strong>in</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> regi<strong>on</strong><br />
• Always <strong>on</strong>go<strong>in</strong>g research needs
Recommendati<strong>on</strong>s for DDRN<br />
<strong>in</strong>volvement<br />
1. Act as a boundary organisati<strong>on</strong> between<br />
technical <strong>in</strong>formati<strong>on</strong> services <strong>and</strong> various<br />
end-users to ensure dissem<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> of research-<br />
based knowledge (improv<strong>in</strong>g communicati<strong>on</strong>s)<br />
– Ensur<strong>in</strong>g seas<strong>on</strong>al forecasts are<br />
dissem<strong>in</strong>ated to farmers<br />
– Ensur<strong>in</strong>g food security alerts are<br />
dissem<strong>in</strong>ated to d<strong>on</strong>ors <strong>and</strong> relevant<br />
nati<strong>on</strong>al government departments
Recommendati<strong>on</strong>s for DDRN<br />
<strong>in</strong>volvement<br />
2. Provid<strong>in</strong>g technical assistance to government<br />
departments through exchange visits <strong>and</strong> skill-<br />
share visits<br />
– Build<strong>in</strong>g capacity to underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> make use of<br />
appropriate <strong>in</strong>formati<strong>on</strong> available to <strong>the</strong>m<br />
– Provid<strong>in</strong>g a l<strong>in</strong>k between government departments <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al research f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
– Provid<strong>in</strong>g tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>on</strong> climate change – as a cross-<br />
cutt<strong>in</strong>g issue – to a variety of different government<br />
departments<br />
– Build<strong>in</strong>g awareness of <strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al fund<strong>in</strong>g<br />
opportunities <strong>and</strong> partnerships
Recommendati<strong>on</strong>s for DDRN<br />
<strong>in</strong>volvement<br />
3. Build<strong>in</strong>g research capacity with regards to<br />
climate change, especially outside of South<br />
Africa<br />
– Work<strong>in</strong>g with exist<strong>in</strong>g researchers whose<br />
work is relevant to climate change even if<br />
<strong>the</strong>y do not realise it, for example <strong>in</strong>, <strong>in</strong>ter<br />
alia, agriculture, geography, biology or<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omics departments
Recommendati<strong>on</strong>s for DDRN<br />
<strong>in</strong>volvement<br />
4. <str<strong>on</strong>g>Research</str<strong>on</strong>g> gaps<br />
– Market <strong>in</strong>fluences <strong>on</strong> food systems<br />
(particularly topical given <strong>the</strong> 2008 food<br />
price crisis)<br />
– The role of biofuels
C<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong>s<br />
• Ma<strong>in</strong>stream<strong>in</strong>g c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong> of climate<br />
change <strong>in</strong>to o<strong>the</strong>r arenas, ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
try<strong>in</strong>g to address it as st<strong>and</strong>al<strong>on</strong>e, is<br />
imperative.<br />
• DDRN c<strong>on</strong>sider plac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir research<br />
<strong>and</strong> technical capacity <strong>in</strong> an exist<strong>in</strong>g<br />
programme <strong>in</strong> order to revive/c<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>ue<br />
it.
C<strong>on</strong>tact Details<br />
Kathar<strong>in</strong>e V<strong>in</strong>cent<br />
kathar<strong>in</strong>e.v<strong>in</strong>cent@gmail.com<br />
+27 72 196 4525<br />
Tracy Cull<br />
tracymcull@gmail.com<br />
+27 82 820 6607
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