Proposed Title 1: - Queen's University
Proposed Title 1: - Queen's University Proposed Title 1: - Queen's University
CHAPTER 2 TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SHIELD RECORDED IN URANIUM DEPOSITS IN THE BEAVERLODGE AREA, NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA Abstract Paragenetic and structural relationships and geochronology of minerals in uranium deposits in the Beaverlodge area, Northwestern Saskatchewan, Canada, reveal six periods of uranium mineralization associated with multi-stage deformation during the Proterozoic. The Saint Louis fault and the Main Ore shear zone are northeast striking, southeast-dipping, oblique-normal and dextral fault systems that have mylonite-dominated footwalls. These faults display evidence of exhumation and episodic structural reactivation at progressively shallower crustal levels, accompanied by fluid flow, hydrothermal alteration, and uranium mineralization. New geochronologic data on uranium mineralization and alteration events record over 2.3 Gyrs of protracted tectonic evolution of the North American shield. 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages of 2293±17 Ma and 2289±20 Ma date two minor uranium mineralization stages associated with cataclasite rocks and early tensional veins, respectively, coincident with late Arrowsmith orogenic exhumation. Following emplacement of the Gunnar granite at 2321±3 Ma, albite metasomatic alteration of the granite is associated with a third moderate uranium mineralizing event. During the late Paleoproterozoic, exhumation along major faults caused the deformation style to change from dominantly brittle-ductile to brittle at shallower structural levels. Massive brecciation of pre-existing rocks is associated with the 19
fourth and most significant uranium-mineralizing event at 1848±5 Ma, coincident with fault reactivation during tectonic shortening and regional metamorphism related to the Trans- Hudson Orogen or more likely post-peak compressional uplift during terminal collision of the Taltson-Thelon Orogen. Subsequently, formation of the Martin Lake Basin and intrusion of mafic dikes are related to the fifth minor uranium mineralizing event at 1812±15 Ma reflecting rifting related to late stage Trans-Hudson Orogen. Late mineralized veins during the Mesoproterozoic crustal growth of the Nuna supercontinent are associated with the sixth mineralizing event at 1620±4 Ma, coincident with the Mazatzal Orogen and the formation of the unconformity-related uranium mineralization in the proximal Athabasca Basin. Post-mineralization alteration and resetting events of uraninite further record various major orogenic events that have affected the North American shield. 2.1. Introduction Deeply exhumed fault zones can serve as vehicles to understand the complex timing relationships between deformational, hydrothermal and ore-forming processes. An important step in understanding the structural setting of uranium deposits associated with highly and multiply deformed and metamorphosed Paleoproterozoic terranes is establishing the timing relationships of fault activity and uranium mineralization to regional thermotectonic events. The Beaverlodge area in the central-southern Archean Rae province, Northwestern Saskatchewan, Canada (Fig. 2.1), hosts numerous fault-controlled uranium deposits. The Main Ore shear zone at the Cinch Lake deposit and the Saint Louis fault at the Ace-Fay- 20
- Page 1 and 2: FLUID EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURAL CONT
- Page 3 and 4: Abstract Uranium deposits associate
- Page 5 and 6: Co-Authorship This thesis and the m
- Page 7 and 8: Sarah Rice and Jonathan Cloutier, a
- Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
- Page 11 and 12: 2.5.2. Temporal relationships of fa
- Page 13 and 14: 4.5.3. Isotopic compositions of min
- Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 1.1. General
- Page 17 and 18: Figure 4.16. Distribution of 207 Pb
- Page 19 and 20: Table 4.4. Isotopic data of the U-P
- Page 21 and 22: processes by which these deposits f
- Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.1. Generalized geological
- Page 25 and 26: which is the equivalent of the Mill
- Page 27 and 28: dolostone and carbonaceous shale (L
- Page 29 and 30: Mineral Field (Figure 1.2). Many de
- Page 31 and 32: 2005). U mineralization is controll
- Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.4. Schematic representatio
- Page 35 and 36: In particular, the key issues to be
- Page 37: genetic model for the U mineralizat
- Page 41 and 42: The Beaverlodge area is part of the
- Page 43 and 44: 1998; Hartlaub and Ashton, 1998). R
- Page 45 and 46: (D 1 ) produced a regional migmatit
- Page 47 and 48: These previous age models do not ta
- Page 49 and 50: the age when the concentrations of
- Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.3. A: Detailed geologic ma
- Page 53 and 54: hornblende-feldspar gneiss showing
- Page 55 and 56: east-west striking en-échelon quar
- Page 57 and 58: and broken Kfs 1 and Qtz 1 embedded
- Page 59 and 60: A Meters LEGEND B Figure 2.6. A: De
- Page 62 and 63: Figure 2.7. Microphotograph of vari
- Page 64: eplaces Kfs 1 feldspars (Fig. 2.7A)
- Page 67 and 68: the Qtz 1 quartz dissolution result
- Page 69 and 70: Figure 2.9. Microphotograph of typi
- Page 71 and 72: uraninite (Fig. 2.10). The errors o
- Page 73 and 74: Figure 2.10. Backscattered Electron
- Page 75 and 76: post-mineralization alteration duri
- Page 77 and 78: Post-mineralization alteration even
- Page 79 and 80: Volcanic-type ±U 5 (Sample 6139, G
- Page 81 and 82: 6134 pt8a 2 Gunnar 82.92 2.92 5.30
- Page 83 and 84: Regression to zero content of the s
- Page 85 and 86: faults (Fig. 2.13C). The breccias w
- Page 87 and 88: Figure 2.13. Schematic cross-sectio
fourth and most significant uranium-mineralizing event at 1848±5 Ma, coincident with fault<br />
reactivation during tectonic shortening and regional metamorphism related to the Trans-<br />
Hudson Orogen or more likely post-peak compressional uplift during terminal collision of<br />
the Taltson-Thelon Orogen. Subsequently, formation of the Martin Lake Basin and<br />
intrusion of mafic dikes are related to the fifth minor uranium mineralizing event at<br />
1812±15 Ma reflecting rifting related to late stage Trans-Hudson Orogen. Late mineralized<br />
veins during the Mesoproterozoic crustal growth of the Nuna supercontinent are associated<br />
with the sixth mineralizing event at 1620±4 Ma, coincident with the Mazatzal Orogen and<br />
the formation of the unconformity-related uranium mineralization in the proximal<br />
Athabasca Basin.<br />
Post-mineralization alteration and resetting events of uraninite further record various<br />
major orogenic events that have affected the North American shield.<br />
2.1. Introduction<br />
Deeply exhumed fault zones can serve as vehicles to understand the complex timing<br />
relationships between deformational, hydrothermal and ore-forming processes. An<br />
important step in understanding the structural setting of uranium deposits associated with<br />
highly and multiply deformed and metamorphosed Paleoproterozoic terranes is establishing<br />
the timing relationships of fault activity and uranium mineralization to regional<br />
thermotectonic events.<br />
The Beaverlodge area in the central-southern Archean Rae province, Northwestern<br />
Saskatchewan, Canada (Fig. 2.1), hosts numerous fault-controlled uranium deposits. The<br />
Main Ore shear zone at the Cinch Lake deposit and the Saint Louis fault at the Ace-Fay-<br />
20