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SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2O 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO NA 2O K 2O F CL H 2O O=F O=CL Total Temp ( o ) ± 5812A-8-3 25.65 0.04 20.38 0.02 27.32 0.07 11.90 0.17 0.02 0.00 - 0.00 10.99 0.00 0.00 96.56 324 5812A-9-1 25.68 0.03 19.84 0.08 27.38 0.08 11.78 0.24 0.03 0.00 - 0.00 10.91 0.00 0.00 96.05 317 5812A-9-2 25.24 0.01 19.56 0.08 28.15 0.09 11.44 0.08 0.05 0.00 - 0.00 10.79 0.00 0.00 95.49 323 5812A-10-1 25.83 0.02 20.21 0.10 27.24 0.05 12.54 0.20 0.03 0.00 - 0.00 11.08 0.00 0.00 97.30 325 5812A-10-2 24.97 0.04 19.24 0.08 26.38 0.06 11.97 1.92 0.04 0.00 - 0.00 10.81 0.00 0.00 95.51 334 5812-Pt1 25.93 0.01 21.15 0.05 27.87 0.02 12.65 0.77 0.04 0.03 0.28 0.04 11.20 -0.12 -0.01 100.18 343 5812-Pt2-2 25.21 0.01 20.87 0.23 25.78 0.07 13.46 0.31 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.02 11.06 -0.03 0.00 97.21 350 5812-Pt2-3 26.49 0.01 20.15 0.45 23.19 0.05 15.28 0.84 0.03 0.02 0.14 0.03 11.26 -0.01 -0.06 98.06 323 5812-Pt3-1 25.97 0.01 21.24 0.03 28.34 0.11 11.84 0.53 0.05 0.03 0.17 0.04 11.20 -0.07 -0.03 99.62 340 AVG 25.34 0.02 19.88 0.10 25.78 0.08 12.60 0.85 0.04 0.01 0.17 0.01 10.89 -0.02 -0.01 95.66 329 16 Late Chlorite replacement C-27-221-1-1 30.08 0.06 16.42 0.00 15.04 0.14 22.66 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 11.39 -0.22 0.00 96.19 228 C-27-221-1-2 31.72 0.02 15.16 0.01 11.24 0.23 24.86 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.67 0.00 11.43 -0.28 0.00 95.23 183 C-27-221-1-3 31.62 0.00 15.04 0.00 11.23 0.14 24.82 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.48 0.00 11.46 -0.20 0.00 94.73 182 C-27-221-2-1 32.13 0.02 15.42 0.00 11.89 0.11 25.28 0.15 0.02 0.01 0.44 0.00 11.74 -0.19 0.00 97.02 188 C-27-221-3-1 30.84 0.03 15.16 0.00 11.33 0.13 24.02 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.49 0.00 11.26 -0.21 0.00 93.22 189 C-27-221-3-2 31.20 0.04 15.53 0.00 12.04 0.21 23.88 0.19 0.04 0.01 0.47 0.00 11.43 -0.20 0.00 94.84 192 AVG 31.27 0.03 15.46 0.00 12.13 0.16 24.25 0.14 0.02 0.01 0.51 0.00 11.45 -0.22 0.00 95.21 194 23 VOLCANIC-TYPE URANIUM MINERALIZATION (Cl8) Chlorite associated with the volcanic-type uranium mineralization C-27-319-1 26.62 0.01 18.11 0.02 28.73 0.00 13.53 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 11.08 -0.02 0.00 98.15 300 C-27-319-2 26.11 0.03 18.98 0.01 27.84 0.22 13.65 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.00 11.09 -0.02 0.00 98.02 319 C-27-319-3 26.14 0.02 18.78 0.04 28.87 0.21 12.99 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.00 11.04 -0.03 0.00 98.20 315 C-27-319-4 26.30 0.04 18.20 0.01 27.97 0.33 13.06 0.04 0.02 0.10 0.09 0.00 10.93 -0.04 0.00 97.05 301 C-27-319-5 25.97 0.00 18.38 0.02 28.32 0.23 13.37 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.00 10.95 -0.03 0.00 97.31 314 C-27-319-6-1 25.81 0.04 18.01 0.00 28.11 0.21 13.22 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.00 10.81 -0.06 0.00 96.30 309 C-27-319-6-2 25.89 0.05 18.48 0.04 28.39 0.26 13.19 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.00 10.94 -0.04 0.00 97.32 316 C-27-319-7 25.71 0.00 18.33 0.05 29.74 0.30 12.40 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00 10.90 -0.02 0.00 97.47 317 AVG 26.07 0.02 18.41 0.02 28.50 0.22 13.18 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.00 10.97 -0.03 0.00 97.48 311 9 C-27-34-1 26.90 0.02 19.22 0.04 22.11 0.56 16.89 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.11 0.00 11.26 -0.05 0.00 97.12 308 C-27-34-2 26.19 0.00 19.43 0.00 22.61 0.48 16.48 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.16 0.00 11.12 -0.07 0.00 96.45 323 C-27-34-3 26.76 0.00 19.15 0.03 22.77 0.62 16.73 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.13 0.00 11.24 -0.05 0.00 97.45 312 C-27-34-4-1 26.94 0.02 19.22 0.05 22.45 0.53 17.11 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.11 0.00 11.32 -0.05 0.00 97.73 311 C-27-34-4-2 26.94 0.02 19.22 0.05 22.45 0.53 17.11 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.11 0.00 11.32 -0.05 0.00 97.73 311 C-27-34-5 26.62 0.01 19.28 0.03 22.33 0.58 16.93 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 11.24 0.00 -0.04 97.10 315 C-27-34-5-1 26.48 0.00 19.44 0.04 22.29 0.50 16.68 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.00 11.21 -0.04 0.00 96.75 317 253

SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2O 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO NA 2O K 2O F CL H 2O O=F O=CL Total Temp ( o ) ± C-27-34-6 26.91 0.02 19.26 0.02 22.49 0.45 17.10 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.00 11.32 -0.04 0.00 97.70 312 CL57-4 26.17 0.02 17.82 0.02 27.91 0.34 14.34 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 11.05 0.00 0.00 97.72 311 AVG 26.66 0.01 19.12 0.03 23.05 0.51 16.60 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.00 11.23 -0.04 0.00 97.31 313 7 CL29-7 25.35 0.02 20.07 0.01 25.65 0.30 14.51 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.13 0.00 11.04 -0.05 0.00 97.09 344 CL29-8 25.98 0.00 19.20 0.00 24.85 0.24 15.10 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.20 0.00 11.00 -0.08 0.00 96.56 322 CL29-2 25.02 0.05 20.14 0.03 25.75 0.24 14.62 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.00 11.04 -0.04 0.00 97.01 354 CL29-4 25.69 0.04 19.48 0.02 26.21 0.26 14.58 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.11 11.04 -0.05 -0.02 97.55 334 CL29-5 25.71 0.03 19.39 0.02 25.97 0.21 14.97 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.18 0.00 11.06 -0.08 0.00 97.58 335 AVG 26.10 0.09 18.79 0.01 25.65 0.24 15.13 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.18 0.01 11.03 -0.07 0.00 97.22 338 16 Variably altered chlorite associated with the volcanic type uranium mineralization CL57-1 29.61 0.00 15.65 0.03 22.37 0.30 18.39 0.12 0.06 0.02 - 0.00 11.44 0.00 0.00 97.99 226 CL57-2 28.68 0.00 15.68 0.11 24.13 0.35 17.64 0.08 0.03 0.03 - 0.00 11.32 0.00 0.00 98.05 248 CL57-3 29.09 0.02 15.85 0.02 23.57 0.27 18.20 0.19 0.02 0.02 - 0.00 11.44 0.00 0.00 98.69 244 CL57-5 29.75 0.00 14.72 0.01 21.98 0.30 18.68 0.17 0.07 0.01 - 0.00 11.33 0.00 0.00 97.02 212 CL57-6 29.95 0.00 14.99 0.10 20.00 0.23 18.76 0.17 0.04 0.01 - 0.00 11.28 0.00 0.00 95.53 200 CL57-7 29.25 0.00 15.05 0.07 22.45 0.23 18.27 0.10 0.08 0.02 - 0.00 11.27 0.00 0.00 96.79 224 CL29-6 27.98 0.08 16.00 0.02 26.42 0.19 15.18 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.19 0.00 10.99 -0.08 0.00 97.05 251 CL29-9 29.84 0.04 17.25 0.02 25.35 0.20 15.35 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.36 0.00 11.36 -0.15 0.00 99.72 227 AVG 29.27 0.02 15.65 0.05 23.28 0.26 17.56 0.11 0.05 0.02 0.28 0.00 11.30 -0.03 0.00 97.61 229 25 6139-3 27.66 0.02 17.39 0.06 25.32 0.22 11.81 0.37 0.18 0.34 0.00 0.00 10.79 0.00 0.00 94.16 236 6139-4 29.89 0.00 17.92 0.03 23.38 0.23 10.39 0.28 0.21 1.11 0.00 0.00 10.96 0.00 0.00 94.40 173 6139-5 27.52 0.05 17.48 0.05 25.20 0.26 11.60 0.28 0.18 0.33 0.00 0.00 10.74 0.00 0.00 93.69 236 6139-6 28.84 0.02 17.41 0.02 24.58 0.15 11.25 0.27 0.16 0.67 0.00 0.00 10.87 0.00 0.00 94.24 201 AVR 30.16 0.02 17.88 0.04 23.31 0.19 10.79 0.30 0.19 1.09 0.00 0.00 11.05 0.00 0.00 95.01 212 32 ATHABASCA-TYPE URANIUM MINERALIZATION Cl9) 3705-1 27.68 0.01 15.09 0.15 28.69 0.04 14.04 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.25 0.00 10.79 -0.11 0.00 96.74 246 3705-2 28.96 0.01 15.10 0.16 26.74 0.00 13.59 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.27 0.00 10.80 -0.11 0.00 95.65 203 3705-3 27.90 0.02 14.84 0.26 26.54 0.03 14.47 0.10 0.24 0.02 0.64 0.00 10.53 -0.27 0.00 95.33 232 3705-4 28.51 0.02 15.77 0.21 24.06 0.00 16.14 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.34 0.00 10.93 -0.14 0.00 95.96 234 3705-5 28.62 0.02 15.77 0.21 24.06 0.00 16.14 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.34 0.00 10.95 -0.14 0.00 96.09 231 3705-7 29.51 0.00 15.05 0.19 22.53 0.00 17.68 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 11.01 -0.19 0.00 96.31 211 3507_Pt1_Cl 28.33 0.04 15.78 0.19 27.49 0.02 15.30 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.31 0.11 11.03 -0.13 -0.02 99.23 250 3507_Pt2_Cl 28.43 0.02 15.55 0.11 26.61 -0.04 16.31 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.33 0.10 11.06 -0.14 -0.02 99.00 249 3507_Pt3_Cl 27.90 0.03 15.45 0.11 27.33 0.02 14.83 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.41 0.08 10.79 -0.17 -0.02 97.61 247 3507_Pt4_Cl 27.96 0.01 15.65 0.13 26.07 0.03 15.83 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.49 0.09 10.82 -0.21 -0.02 97.52 251 AVG 28.38 0.02 15.40 0.17 26.01 0.01 15.43 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.38 0.04 10.87 -0.16 -0.01 96.94 235 24 254

Page 1 and 2: FLUID EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURAL CONT

Page 3 and 4: Abstract Uranium deposits associate

Page 5 and 6: Co-Authorship This thesis and the m

Page 7 and 8: Sarah Rice and Jonathan Cloutier, a

Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………

Page 11 and 12: 2.5.2. Temporal relationships of fa

Page 13 and 14: 4.5.3. Isotopic compositions of min

Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 1.1. General

Page 17 and 18: Figure 4.16. Distribution of 207 Pb

Page 19 and 20: Table 4.4. Isotopic data of the U-P

Page 21 and 22: processes by which these deposits f

Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.1. Generalized geological

Page 25 and 26: which is the equivalent of the Mill

Page 27 and 28: dolostone and carbonaceous shale (L

Page 29 and 30: Mineral Field (Figure 1.2). Many de

Page 31 and 32: 2005). U mineralization is controll

Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.4. Schematic representatio

Page 35 and 36: In particular, the key issues to be

Page 37 and 38: genetic model for the U mineralizat

Page 39 and 40: fourth and most significant uranium

Page 41 and 42: The Beaverlodge area is part of the

Page 43 and 44: 1998; Hartlaub and Ashton, 1998). R

Page 45 and 46: (D 1 ) produced a regional migmatit

Page 47 and 48: These previous age models do not ta

Page 49 and 50: the age when the concentrations of

Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.3. A: Detailed geologic ma

Page 53 and 54: hornblende-feldspar gneiss showing

Page 55 and 56: east-west striking en-échelon quar

Page 57 and 58: and broken Kfs 1 and Qtz 1 embedded

Page 59 and 60: A Meters LEGEND B Figure 2.6. A: De

Page 62 and 63: Figure 2.7. Microphotograph of vari

Page 64: eplaces Kfs 1 feldspars (Fig. 2.7A)

Page 67 and 68: the Qtz 1 quartz dissolution result

Page 69 and 70: Figure 2.9. Microphotograph of typi

Page 71 and 72: uraninite (Fig. 2.10). The errors o

Page 73 and 74: Figure 2.10. Backscattered Electron

Page 75 and 76: post-mineralization alteration duri

Page 77 and 78: Post-mineralization alteration even

Page 79 and 80: Volcanic-type ±U 5 (Sample 6139, G

Page 81 and 82: 6134 pt8a 2 Gunnar 82.92 2.92 5.30

Page 83 and 84: Regression to zero content of the s

Page 85 and 86: faults (Fig. 2.13C). The breccias w

Page 87 and 88: Figure 2.13. Schematic cross-sectio

Page 89 and 90: Mylonites were then reactivated at

Page 91 and 92: and thrusting during the 1.94-1.92

Page 93 and 94: Beaverlodge area (Morelli et al., 2

Page 95 and 96: dikes (Ernst and Buchan, 2001b) and

Page 97 and 98: Figure 2.15: Distribution of 207 Pb

Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 3 GENESIS OF MULTIFARIOUS U

Page 101 and 102: eccia-type. The other styles of min

Page 103 and 104: The basement consist of Neoarchean

Page 105 and 106: of essentially unmetamorphosed arko

Page 107 and 108: WDX X-ray spectrometers at Carleton

Page 109 and 110: 3.4. Results 3.4.1. Paragenesis of

Page 111 and 112: are derived from their chlorite cry

Page 113 and 114: Figure 3.4. Photomicrographs of typ

Page 115 and 116: 3.4J). Py 6 Pyrite and Cpy 5 chalco

Page 117 and 118: mineralization varies from 25.70 to

Page 119 and 120: 6137APt71 60.67 13.73 4.59 6.48 0.0

Page 121 and 122: Fig. 3.6A). The Ca may result from

Page 123 and 124: Sample ID 1 ± 2 ± 3.a ± 4 ± 5.a

Page 125 and 126: Stable isotopic O and C composition

Page 127 and 128: Sample ID Deposit Mineral Mineral v

Page 129 and 130: equilibrium with a fluid having δ

Page 131 and 132: Syn-ore Chl 8 chlorite sampled from

Page 133 and 134: Figure 3.9. Binary diagrams showing

Page 135 and 136: Figure 3.10. Chondrite-normalized R

Page 137 and 138: Retrograde metamorphism Early vein

Page 139 and 140: contents in syn-ore Chl 4 chlorite

Page 141 and 142: decompression and hydration reactio

Page 143 and 144: mineralizations, which upgraded the

Page 145 and 146: metamorphic origin of the main U 4

Page 147 and 148: y the abundance of Ap 1 apatite and

Page 149 and 150: of late fluid events that have affe

Page 151 and 152: CHAPTER 4 FLUID EVOLUTION AND GENES

Page 153 and 154: 1990, 1991; Wyborn et al., 1990). H

Page 155 and 156: stable isotope geochemistry, U-Pb g

Page 157 and 158: coincident with the initiation of s

Page 159 and 160: plasma mass spectrometry (LA-HR-ICP

Page 161 and 162: The Coronation Hill deposit occupie

Page 163 and 164: arsenides, nickel selenide and copp

Page 165 and 166: No corrections were made to the 238

Page 167 and 168: which was interpreted as being asso

Page 169 and 170: porphyry and coated by Chl 1 formin

Page 171 and 172: Mineralized breccias showing quartz

Page 173 and 174: SOUTH ALLIGATOR RIVER GROUP EL SHER

Page 175 and 176: A Carbonaceous Shale B Src 1 Qtz 1

Page 177 and 178: A Granite Qtz 0 fragments Qtz 0 B M

Page 179 and 180: chemical composition as a result of

Page 181 and 182: Sample I.D SiO 2 CaO FeO ThO 2 MnO

Page 183 and 184: site occupancy (Cathelineau, 1988).

Page 185 and 186: Mineral values Temperature Fluid va

Page 187 and 188: Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±

Page 189 and 190: G H Figure 4.12. U-Pb concordia dia

Page 191 and 192: Figure 4.13. Pb-Pb isochron diagram

Page 193 and 194: and 4.12B), and to 207 Pb/ 206 Pb a

Page 195 and 196: 160 o C at Coronation Hill. The tem

Page 197 and 198: Figure 4.15. Conceptual genetic mod

Page 199 and 200: of the Koolpin Formation, while dep

Page 201 and 202: at ca. 1820 Ma, approximately 40 My

Page 203 and 204: culminating with the formation of R

Page 205 and 206: deposits is related to fluids deriv

Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 5.1. I

Page 209 and 210: ed-bed strata and associated volcan

Page 211 and 212: character of the fluid that formed

Page 213 and 214: 5.2.1.2. Metamorphic-related uraniu

Page 215 and 216: during brecciation or reduction as

Page 217 and 218: ca. 1820 Ma that triggered reactiva

Page 219 and 220: Plutons Event at 1.4 Ga (Barinek et

Page 221 and 222: Kolari-Kittila Province Kuusamo Pro

Page 223 and 224: The uranium deposits in various pro

Page 225 and 226: Fig. 5.6. Distribution of the Rorai

Page 227 and 228: Roraima Basin, similar to what is o

Page 229 and 230: etween ca. 2.3 Ga and 1.9 Ga. Later

Page 231 and 232: REFERENCES Adams, J., 1989. Postgla

Page 233 and 234: Ashton, K.E., 2010. The Gunnar Mine

Page 235 and 236: Bowles, J.F.W., 1990. Age dating of

Page 237 and 238: Cuney, M.L., 2005. World-class unco

Page 239 and 240: deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Sa

Page 241 and 242: Hartlaub, R.P., Heaman, L.M., Chack

Page 243 and 244: Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sas

Page 245 and 246: Kyser, K., and Cuney, M., 2008. Geo

Page 247 and 248: two-sided oblique-slip collisional

Page 249 and 250: Creek Geosyncline: in ‘The minera

Page 251 and 252: Piper, J.D.A., 2004. Discussion on

Page 253 and 254: 99.Sheppard SMF and Gilg HA 1996. S

Page 255 and 256: Proceedings Darwin Conference 1984

Page 257 and 258: Wingate, M.T.D, Pisarevsky SA, Evan

Page 259 and 260: Sample Deposit 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ±2σ



Page 265 and 266: APPENDIX B REE contents of various

Page 267 and 268: Sample Y Zr Cs Ba Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm

Page 269 and 270: Sample ΣREE TLREE THREE LREE/HREE

Page 271: SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2

Page 275 and 276: APPENDIX E Electron microprobe data

Page 277 and 278: SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4

Page 279 and 280: SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4

Page 281 and 282: Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F

Page 283 and 284: Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F



Page 289 and 290: Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO

Page 291 and 292: Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO

Page 293 and 294: 250 85 330 40 145 70 25 65 30 30 27

Page 295 and 296: Mineralized veins Quartz veins 276

mineralization

uranium

deposits

uraninite

alteration

gunnar

coronation

associated

fluid

chlorite

geol.queensu.ca

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