Edited by J.F. Lewry and M.R. Stauffer. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 37, 1-14. Li, Z.X. Bogdanova, S.V., Collins, A.S., Davidson, A. B., Wael, D., Ernst, R.E., Fitzsimons, I.C.W., Fuck , R.A., Gladkochub, D.P., Karlstrom, K.E., Natapovm, S. L. L.M., Peas, V., Pisarevsky , S.A. Thrane , K., Vernikovsky, V., 2008. Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: a synthesis. Precambrian Research 160, 179–210. Ludwig, K.R, Grauch R.I, Nutt C.J, Frisman D, Nash JT, Simmons K.R., 1985. Age of uranium ores at Ranger and Jabiluka unconformity vein deposits, Northern Territory, Australia Economic Geology 82, 857–874 Ludwig, K.R, Frauch, R.I, Nutt, C.J, Frishman, D, Simmons K.R., 1987. Age of uranium mineralization at the Jabiluka and Ranger deposits, Northern Territory, Australia: new U-Pb isotope evidence: Economic Geology, 82, 857–874 Ludwig, K.R., 2000. Decay constant errors in U–Pb concordia-intercept ages. Chem. Geol. 166, 315–318. Maas, R., 1989. Nd-Sr isotope constraints on the age and origin of unconformity type uranium deposits in the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, Northern Territory, Australia Economic Geology 84, 64–90 MacCready, T, Goleby B.R, Goncharov A, Drummond B.J, Lister G.S., 1998. A framework of overprinting orogens based on interpretation of the Mount Isa deep seismic transect: Economic Geology, 93, 1422–1434 Macdonald, R. and Slimmon, W.L., 1985. Bedrock Geology of the Greater Beaverlodge Area, NTS 74N-6 to -11: Saskatchewan Energy Mines, Map 241A, 1:100 000 scale. Marumo, K., Nagasawa K., Kuroda Y., 1980. Mineralogy and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of clay minerals in the Ohnuma geothermal area, northeastern Japan: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 47, p. 255–262. Mazimhaka, P.K. and Hendry, H.E., 1984. The Martin Group, Beaverlodge Area. In Summary of Investigations 1984, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Energy Mines, Miscellaneous Report 84-4, 53-62. Mazimhaka, P.K. and Hendry, H.E., 1985. The Martin Group, Charlot Point and Jug Bay areas. In Summary of Investigations 1985. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Energy Mines, Miscellaneous Report 85-4, 67-80. McDonough, M. R. McNicoll, V. J. Schetsela, E. M., Grover, T. W., 2000. Geochronological and kinematic constraints on crustal shortening and escape in a 227
two-sided oblique-slip collisional and magmatic Orogen, Paleoproterozoic Taltson magmatic zone, northeastern Alberta: Canada Journal of Earth Science 37, 1549–1573. McDonough, W. F. and Sun, S, S., 1995. The composition of the Earth: Chemical Geology, v. 120, p. 223–253. McLelland, J., Daly, S., McLelland, J., 1996. The Grenville orogenic cycle: An Adirondack perspective. Tectonophysics, 265, 1-29. Mckenzie, D. P., 1978. Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 40, 25-32. McNicoll, V.J., Thériault, R.J., McDonough, M.R., 2000. Taltson basement gneissic rocks; U–Pb and Nd isotopic constraints on the basement to the Paleoproterozoic Taltson magmatic zone, northeastern Alberta: Canada Journal of Earth Science 37, 1575-1596. Mercadier, J., Cuney, M., Lach, P., Boiron, M.C., Bonhoure, J., Richard, A., Leisen, M., Kister, P., 2011. Origin of uranium deposits revealed by their rare earth element signature: Terra Nova, v. 23, p. 264-269. Metcalfe, I., 2001. Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and biogeography of SE Asia-Australasia Pages 15–34 in I Metcalfe, JMB Smith, M Morwood, and I Davidson, eds, Faunal and Floral Migrations and Evolution in SE Asia- Australasia AA Balkema, Lisse, Switzerland Mernagh, T.P, Heinrich C.A, Leckie J.F, Carville D.P, Gilbert D.J, Valenta R.K, Wyborn L.A.O., 1994. Chemistry of low-temperature hydrothermal gold, platinum, and palladium±uranium. mineralization at Coronation Hill, Northern Territory, Australia: Economic Geology, 89, 1053–1073 Mernagh T.P and Wyborn L.A.I., 1994. The genesis of the Coronation Hill gold, palladium and platinum deposit: implications for exploration: in Australian research on ore genesis symposium, Adelaide, South Australia, December 12 -14, 1994, Proceedings Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide, 231 – 235 Miller, J. A., Buick, I. S., Cartwright, I., 2002. Fluid processes during the exhumation of high-P metamorphic belts, Mineral. Mag. 66, 93-119. Miller, J.A. and Cartwright, I., 2006. Albite vein formation during exhumation of highpressure terranes: a case study from Alpine Corsica. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 24, 409-428. 228
- Page 1 and 2:
FLUID EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURAL CONT
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Abstract Uranium deposits associate
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Co-Authorship This thesis and the m
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Sarah Rice and Jonathan Cloutier, a
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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2.5.2. Temporal relationships of fa
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4.5.3. Isotopic compositions of min
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List of Figures Figure 1.1. General
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Figure 4.16. Distribution of 207 Pb
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Table 4.4. Isotopic data of the U-P
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processes by which these deposits f
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Figure 1.1. Generalized geological
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which is the equivalent of the Mill
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dolostone and carbonaceous shale (L
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Mineral Field (Figure 1.2). Many de
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2005). U mineralization is controll
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Figure 1.4. Schematic representatio
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In particular, the key issues to be
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genetic model for the U mineralizat
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fourth and most significant uranium
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The Beaverlodge area is part of the
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1998; Hartlaub and Ashton, 1998). R
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(D 1 ) produced a regional migmatit
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These previous age models do not ta
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the age when the concentrations of
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Figure 2.3. A: Detailed geologic ma
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hornblende-feldspar gneiss showing
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east-west striking en-échelon quar
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and broken Kfs 1 and Qtz 1 embedded
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A Meters LEGEND B Figure 2.6. A: De
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Figure 2.7. Microphotograph of vari
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eplaces Kfs 1 feldspars (Fig. 2.7A)
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the Qtz 1 quartz dissolution result
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Figure 2.9. Microphotograph of typi
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uraninite (Fig. 2.10). The errors o
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Figure 2.10. Backscattered Electron
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post-mineralization alteration duri
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Post-mineralization alteration even
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Volcanic-type ±U 5 (Sample 6139, G
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6134 pt8a 2 Gunnar 82.92 2.92 5.30
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Regression to zero content of the s
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faults (Fig. 2.13C). The breccias w
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Figure 2.13. Schematic cross-sectio
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Mylonites were then reactivated at
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and thrusting during the 1.94-1.92
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Beaverlodge area (Morelli et al., 2
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dikes (Ernst and Buchan, 2001b) and
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Figure 2.15: Distribution of 207 Pb
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CHAPTER 3 GENESIS OF MULTIFARIOUS U
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eccia-type. The other styles of min
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The basement consist of Neoarchean
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of essentially unmetamorphosed arko
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WDX X-ray spectrometers at Carleton
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3.4. Results 3.4.1. Paragenesis of
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are derived from their chlorite cry
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Figure 3.4. Photomicrographs of typ
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3.4J). Py 6 Pyrite and Cpy 5 chalco
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mineralization varies from 25.70 to
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6137APt71 60.67 13.73 4.59 6.48 0.0
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Fig. 3.6A). The Ca may result from
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Sample ID 1 ± 2 ± 3.a ± 4 ± 5.a
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Stable isotopic O and C composition
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Sample ID Deposit Mineral Mineral v
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equilibrium with a fluid having δ
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Syn-ore Chl 8 chlorite sampled from
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Figure 3.9. Binary diagrams showing
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Figure 3.10. Chondrite-normalized R
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Retrograde metamorphism Early vein
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contents in syn-ore Chl 4 chlorite
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decompression and hydration reactio
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mineralizations, which upgraded the
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metamorphic origin of the main U 4
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y the abundance of Ap 1 apatite and
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of late fluid events that have affe
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CHAPTER 4 FLUID EVOLUTION AND GENES
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1990, 1991; Wyborn et al., 1990). H
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stable isotope geochemistry, U-Pb g
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coincident with the initiation of s
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plasma mass spectrometry (LA-HR-ICP
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The Coronation Hill deposit occupie
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arsenides, nickel selenide and copp
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No corrections were made to the 238
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which was interpreted as being asso
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porphyry and coated by Chl 1 formin
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Mineralized breccias showing quartz
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SOUTH ALLIGATOR RIVER GROUP EL SHER
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A Carbonaceous Shale B Src 1 Qtz 1
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A Granite Qtz 0 fragments Qtz 0 B M
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chemical composition as a result of
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Sample I.D SiO 2 CaO FeO ThO 2 MnO
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site occupancy (Cathelineau, 1988).
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Mineral values Temperature Fluid va
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Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
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G H Figure 4.12. U-Pb concordia dia
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Figure 4.13. Pb-Pb isochron diagram
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and 4.12B), and to 207 Pb/ 206 Pb a
- Page 195 and 196: 160 o C at Coronation Hill. The tem
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- Page 199 and 200: of the Koolpin Formation, while dep
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- Page 203 and 204: culminating with the formation of R
- Page 205 and 206: deposits is related to fluids deriv
- Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 5.1. I
- Page 209 and 210: ed-bed strata and associated volcan
- Page 211 and 212: character of the fluid that formed
- Page 213 and 214: 5.2.1.2. Metamorphic-related uraniu
- Page 215 and 216: during brecciation or reduction as
- Page 217 and 218: ca. 1820 Ma that triggered reactiva
- Page 219 and 220: Plutons Event at 1.4 Ga (Barinek et
- Page 221 and 222: Kolari-Kittila Province Kuusamo Pro
- Page 223 and 224: The uranium deposits in various pro
- Page 225 and 226: Fig. 5.6. Distribution of the Rorai
- Page 227 and 228: Roraima Basin, similar to what is o
- Page 229 and 230: etween ca. 2.3 Ga and 1.9 Ga. Later
- Page 231 and 232: REFERENCES Adams, J., 1989. Postgla
- Page 233 and 234: Ashton, K.E., 2010. The Gunnar Mine
- Page 235 and 236: Bowles, J.F.W., 1990. Age dating of
- Page 237 and 238: Cuney, M.L., 2005. World-class unco
- Page 239 and 240: deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Sa
- Page 241 and 242: Hartlaub, R.P., Heaman, L.M., Chack
- Page 243 and 244: Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sas
- Page 245: Kyser, K., and Cuney, M., 2008. Geo
- Page 249 and 250: Creek Geosyncline: in ‘The minera
- Page 251 and 252: Piper, J.D.A., 2004. Discussion on
- Page 253 and 254: 99.Sheppard SMF and Gilg HA 1996. S
- Page 255 and 256: Proceedings Darwin Conference 1984
- Page 257 and 258: Wingate, M.T.D, Pisarevsky SA, Evan
- Page 259 and 260: Sample Deposit 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ±2σ
- Page 261 and 262: Sample Deposit 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ±2σ
- Page 263 and 264: Sample Deposit 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ±2σ
- Page 265 and 266: APPENDIX B REE contents of various
- Page 267 and 268: Sample Y Zr Cs Ba Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm
- Page 269 and 270: Sample ΣREE TLREE THREE LREE/HREE
- Page 271 and 272: SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
- Page 273 and 274: SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
- Page 275 and 276: APPENDIX E Electron microprobe data
- Page 277 and 278: SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
- Page 279 and 280: SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
- Page 281 and 282: Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
- Page 283 and 284: Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
- Page 285 and 286: Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
- Page 287 and 288: Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
- Page 289 and 290: Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
- Page 291 and 292: Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
- Page 293 and 294: 250 85 330 40 145 70 25 65 30 30 27
- Page 295 and 296: Mineralized veins Quartz veins 276