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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

alteration is similar to sandstone alteration of Proterozoic basins in Canada and Australia (Wilson and Kyser, 1987; Kotzer and Kyser, 1995; Hiatt et al., 2001; Polito et al., 2005). Koolpin Formation Carbonaceous Shale Koolpin Formation Carbonaceous Shale 177
Figure 4.15. Conceptual genetic model for U mineralization in the SAVMF. A. Deformation, metamorphism and metasomatism of the basement lithologies during the 1860-1840 Ma Nimbuwah tectonic event. The pre-ore alteration Src 1 -Qtz 1 -Chl 1 -Cal 1 formed from metamorphic fluids between 150 o and 300 o C. B. Deposition of the El Sherana Group during extensional tectonism associated with the Nimbuwah event is followed by basin-diagenesis during burial. Subsequently, reactivation of the El Sherana-Palette fault system more focused in zones of pre-existing tectonic weakness that were previously affected by an early pre-ore alteration, created structural traps for fluid flow, hydrothermal alteration and U mineralization. The ore-forming fluids originated in the El Sherana Basin and descended downward into the basement rocks along fracture systems. Interaction of the oxidizing basinal brine with reducing lithologies of the Koolpin Formation led to deposition of the ore metals at ca. 1820 Ma. C. U 1 was altered during multiple stages of fluid overprinting related to fault reactivation during successive regional thermotectonic events that occurred over a period of at least 1.8 Gyrs. These alteration events resulted in subsequent alteration of the deposits and the formation of the post-ore mineral assemblage including widespread secondary uraninite occurring as fracture-filling veinlets. Koolpin Formation Carbonaceous Shale 178
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FLUID EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURAL CONT
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Abstract Uranium deposits associate
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Co-Authorship This thesis and the m
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Sarah Rice and Jonathan Cloutier, a
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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2.5.2. Temporal relationships of fa
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4.5.3. Isotopic compositions of min
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List of Figures Figure 1.1. General
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Figure 4.16. Distribution of 207 Pb
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Table 4.4. Isotopic data of the U-P
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processes by which these deposits f
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Figure 1.1. Generalized geological
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which is the equivalent of the Mill
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dolostone and carbonaceous shale (L
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Mineral Field (Figure 1.2). Many de
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2005). U mineralization is controll
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Figure 1.4. Schematic representatio
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In particular, the key issues to be
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genetic model for the U mineralizat
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fourth and most significant uranium
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The Beaverlodge area is part of the
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1998; Hartlaub and Ashton, 1998). R
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(D 1 ) produced a regional migmatit
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These previous age models do not ta
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the age when the concentrations of
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Figure 2.3. A: Detailed geologic ma
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hornblende-feldspar gneiss showing
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east-west striking en-échelon quar
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and broken Kfs 1 and Qtz 1 embedded
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A Meters LEGEND B Figure 2.6. A: De
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Figure 2.7. Microphotograph of vari
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eplaces Kfs 1 feldspars (Fig. 2.7A)
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the Qtz 1 quartz dissolution result
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Figure 2.9. Microphotograph of typi
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uraninite (Fig. 2.10). The errors o
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Figure 2.10. Backscattered Electron
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post-mineralization alteration duri
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Post-mineralization alteration even
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Volcanic-type ±U 5 (Sample 6139, G
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6134 pt8a 2 Gunnar 82.92 2.92 5.30
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Regression to zero content of the s
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faults (Fig. 2.13C). The breccias w
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Figure 2.13. Schematic cross-sectio
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Mylonites were then reactivated at
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and thrusting during the 1.94-1.92
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Beaverlodge area (Morelli et al., 2
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dikes (Ernst and Buchan, 2001b) and
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Figure 2.15: Distribution of 207 Pb
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CHAPTER 3 GENESIS OF MULTIFARIOUS U
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eccia-type. The other styles of min
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The basement consist of Neoarchean
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of essentially unmetamorphosed arko
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WDX X-ray spectrometers at Carleton
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3.4. Results 3.4.1. Paragenesis of
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are derived from their chlorite cry
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Figure 3.4. Photomicrographs of typ
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3.4J). Py 6 Pyrite and Cpy 5 chalco
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mineralization varies from 25.70 to
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6137APt71 60.67 13.73 4.59 6.48 0.0
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Fig. 3.6A). The Ca may result from
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Sample ID 1 ± 2 ± 3.a ± 4 ± 5.a
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Stable isotopic O and C composition
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Sample ID Deposit Mineral Mineral v
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equilibrium with a fluid having δ
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Syn-ore Chl 8 chlorite sampled from
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Figure 3.9. Binary diagrams showing
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Figure 3.10. Chondrite-normalized R
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Retrograde metamorphism Early vein
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contents in syn-ore Chl 4 chlorite
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decompression and hydration reactio
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mineralizations, which upgraded the
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Page 147 and 148: y the abundance of Ap 1 apatite and
Page 149 and 150: of late fluid events that have affe
Page 151 and 152: CHAPTER 4 FLUID EVOLUTION AND GENES
Page 153 and 154: 1990, 1991; Wyborn et al., 1990). H
Page 155 and 156: stable isotope geochemistry, U-Pb g
Page 157 and 158: coincident with the initiation of s
Page 159 and 160: plasma mass spectrometry (LA-HR-ICP
Page 161 and 162: The Coronation Hill deposit occupie
Page 163 and 164: arsenides, nickel selenide and copp
Page 165 and 166: No corrections were made to the 238
Page 167 and 168: which was interpreted as being asso
Page 169 and 170: porphyry and coated by Chl 1 formin
Page 171 and 172: Mineralized breccias showing quartz
Page 173 and 174: SOUTH ALLIGATOR RIVER GROUP EL SHER
Page 175 and 176: A Carbonaceous Shale B Src 1 Qtz 1
Page 177 and 178: A Granite Qtz 0 fragments Qtz 0 B M
Page 179 and 180: chemical composition as a result of
Page 181 and 182: Sample I.D SiO 2 CaO FeO ThO 2 MnO
Page 183 and 184: site occupancy (Cathelineau, 1988).
Page 185 and 186: Mineral values Temperature Fluid va
Page 187 and 188: Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
Page 189 and 190: G H Figure 4.12. U-Pb concordia dia
Page 191 and 192: Figure 4.13. Pb-Pb isochron diagram
Page 193 and 194: and 4.12B), and to 207 Pb/ 206 Pb a
Page 195: 160 o C at Coronation Hill. The tem
Page 199 and 200: of the Koolpin Formation, while dep
Page 201 and 202: at ca. 1820 Ma, approximately 40 My
Page 203 and 204: culminating with the formation of R
Page 205 and 206: deposits is related to fluids deriv
Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 5.1. I
Page 209 and 210: ed-bed strata and associated volcan
Page 211 and 212: character of the fluid that formed
Page 213 and 214: 5.2.1.2. Metamorphic-related uraniu
Page 215 and 216: during brecciation or reduction as
Page 217 and 218: ca. 1820 Ma that triggered reactiva
Page 219 and 220: Plutons Event at 1.4 Ga (Barinek et
Page 221 and 222: Kolari-Kittila Province Kuusamo Pro
Page 223 and 224: The uranium deposits in various pro
Page 225 and 226: Fig. 5.6. Distribution of the Rorai
Page 227 and 228: Roraima Basin, similar to what is o
Page 229 and 230: etween ca. 2.3 Ga and 1.9 Ga. Later
Page 231 and 232: REFERENCES Adams, J., 1989. Postgla
Page 233 and 234: Ashton, K.E., 2010. The Gunnar Mine
Page 235 and 236: Bowles, J.F.W., 1990. Age dating of
Page 237 and 238: Cuney, M.L., 2005. World-class unco
Page 239 and 240: deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Sa
Page 241 and 242: Hartlaub, R.P., Heaman, L.M., Chack
Page 243 and 244: Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sas
Page 245 and 246: Kyser, K., and Cuney, M., 2008. Geo
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two-sided oblique-slip collisional
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Creek Geosyncline: in ‘The minera
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Piper, J.D.A., 2004. Discussion on
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99.Sheppard SMF and Gilg HA 1996. S
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Proceedings Darwin Conference 1984
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Wingate, M.T.D, Pisarevsky SA, Evan
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Sample Deposit 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ±2σ
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APPENDIX B REE contents of various
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Sample Y Zr Cs Ba Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm
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Sample ΣREE TLREE THREE LREE/HREE
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SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
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SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
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APPENDIX E Electron microprobe data
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SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
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SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
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Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
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Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
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Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
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Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
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Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
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Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
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250 85 330 40 145 70 25 65 30 30 27
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Mineralized veins Quartz veins 276
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