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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

sandstone. (E) Pervasive Kln 1 alteration in the sandstone filling well-developed secondary porosity between detrital Qtz 0 grains. (F) Late Src 2 alteration replacing Kln 1 in sandstone. The uranium mineralization was not observed in the overlying Coronation sandstone. Ayres et al. (1975) observed minor uranium mineralization occurring within the Coronation sandstone, close to the unconformity with the underlying mineralized Koolpin Formation. 4.5.1.2.4. Post-Ore alteration Post-ore alteration in the basement rock is characterized by the occurrence of thin veinlets of Chl 3 chlorite cutting through the syn-ore alteration assemblage. Late Kln 2 kaolinite alteration obliterates the pre-ore and syn-ore mineral assemblage (Fig. 4.9F). Backscattered electron images indicate that U 1 uraninite is coarsely mottled and areas of apparently pristine uraninite coexist with finely pitted altered U 2 uraninite. Post-ore alteration in the Coronation sandstone is reflected also by the presence of minor Src 2 sericite that locally replaces Kln 1 kaolinite (Fig. 4.10F). Extensive secondary uranium mineralization has been previously described associated with the overlying Coronation sandstone (e.g. Valenta, 1991) (Fig. 4.3). 4.5.2. Crystal chemistry of the alteration minerals 4.5.2.1. Coronation Hill uranium deposit 4.5.2.1.1. Uraninite Crystal Chemistry Electron microprobe analysis and backscatter images indicate that U 1 and U 2 uraninites have been variably altered to different forms of uranyl-silicates and have variable U, Pb, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ca contents (Table 4.1). These uraninites show considerable variation in reflectance (Figs. 4.6E and 4.6F), suggesting significant heterogeneity in their 159
chemical composition as a result of alteration by later fluids (Kotzer and Kyser, 1993; Polito et al., 2007). The chemical compositions of well-preserved U 1 uraninite (Table 4.1, Sample C29-214B) have elevated amounts of PbO (4.5 wt% to 18 wt%) and UO 2 (71 wt% to 85 wt%) and variable amounts of SiO 2 , CaO, FeO, Na 2 O, MnO, Y 2 O 3 , and P 2 O 5 . The most reflective area in U 1 uraninite (Table 4.1, Sample C29-217A) has low silica contents (e.g. from 0.4 wt% to 6.4 wt%) and high UO 2 contents (77 wt% to 86 wt %), in contrast, the most altered area (U 2 ) have high silica contents (e.g. from 13.85 wt% to 21.88 wt%), lower UO 2 contents (55 wt% to 65 wt%) and a low total due to the presence of structural water (Table 4.1). The presence of these elements in the U structure reflects post-ore alteration of the uraninite (Smith, 1984). U 1 uraninite has typically high P 2 O 5 (0.01 wt% to 1.64 wt%) and Y 2 O 3 (0.02 wt% to 5.52 wt%) contents (Table 4.1). Sample I.D SiO 2 CaO FeO ThO 2 MnO UO 2 PbO Na 2O Y 2O 3 P 2O 5 Total Chemical Pb age C29-214B-1 0.21 1.1 0.1 0.09 0.08 75.09 17.91 0.14 0.74 0.01 95 1479 C29-214B-2 0.62 1.7 0.2 0.23 0.16 79.91 10.65 0.19 0.44 0.04 94 827 C29-214B-3 1.22 3.33 0.36 0.12 0.35 81.56 6.8 0.25 0.62 0.07 95 517 C29-214B-4 1.19 2.86 0.35 0.2 0.33 83.46 5.21 0.23 0.73 0.07 95 387 C29-214B-5 0.36 1.34 0.17 0.04 0.11 77.7 16.21 0.1 0.32 0.04 96 1294 C29-214B-6 1.14 2.84 0.27 0.33 0.25 83.19 5.27 0.21 0.84 0.07 94 393 C29-214B-7 1.3 2.64 0.32 0.2 0.23 80.77 8.81 0.18 0.64 0.08 95 677 C29-214B-8 1.16 3.08 0.14 0.25 0.24 83.82 5.06 0.19 0.6 0.04 95 375 C29-214B-9 1.34 3.76 0.11 0.28 0.32 85.23 4.7 0.17 0.54 0.05 96 342 C29-214B-10 0.65 2 0.31 0.06 0.19 78.47 11.77 0.25 0.47 0.04 94 930 C29-214B-11 1.12 2.92 0.43 0.14 0.3 82.18 8.17 0.34 0.55 0.08 96 617 C29-214B-12 0.88 2.65 0.37 0.15 0.34 84.44 5.52 0.28 0.62 0.07 95 405 C29-214B-13 0.45 1.66 0.24 0.05 0.14 78.08 13.57 0.23 0.35 0.03 95 1078 C29-214B-14 1.04 2.74 0.37 0.25 0.29 82.62 6.54 0.28 0.63 0.06 95 491 C29-214B-15 1.34 3.54 0.46 0.24 0.44 83.18 4.57 0.27 0.78 0.08 95 341 C29-214B-16 0.87 2.16 0.21 0.13 0.18 78.39 11.57 0.18 0.45 0.06 94 916 C29-214B-17 1.76 3.88 0.13 0.26 0.29 83.36 4.55 0.16 0.47 0.06 95 338 C29-214B-18 0.44 2.3 0.19 0.04 0.16 81.12 10.77 0.21 0.44 0.03 96 824 C29-214B-19 0.85 2.53 0.28 0.21 0.21 80.49 9.25 0.19 0.47 0.05 95 713 C29-214B-20 0.37 1.39 0.17 0.04 0.1 75.38 14.93 0.19 0.46 0.03 93 1228 C29-214B-21 1.4 2.33 0.11 0.29 0.21 71.71 6.24 0.29 0.94 0.71 84 540 C29-217A-28 0.40 1.15 0.05 0.07 0.03 86.99 5.52 0.08 0.98 0.03 95 393 C29-217A-7 0.60 2.68 0.36 0.02 0.24 84.28 6.49 0.36 0.40 0.08 96 477 C29-217A-12 0.63 2.86 0.35 0.03 0.30 83.99 6.49 0.25 0.42 0.05 95 479 160
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FLUID EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURAL CONT
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Abstract Uranium deposits associate
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Co-Authorship This thesis and the m
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Sarah Rice and Jonathan Cloutier, a
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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2.5.2. Temporal relationships of fa
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4.5.3. Isotopic compositions of min
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List of Figures Figure 1.1. General
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Figure 4.16. Distribution of 207 Pb
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Table 4.4. Isotopic data of the U-P
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processes by which these deposits f
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Figure 1.1. Generalized geological
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which is the equivalent of the Mill
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dolostone and carbonaceous shale (L
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Mineral Field (Figure 1.2). Many de
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2005). U mineralization is controll
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Figure 1.4. Schematic representatio
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In particular, the key issues to be
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genetic model for the U mineralizat
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fourth and most significant uranium
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The Beaverlodge area is part of the
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1998; Hartlaub and Ashton, 1998). R
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(D 1 ) produced a regional migmatit
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These previous age models do not ta
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the age when the concentrations of
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Figure 2.3. A: Detailed geologic ma
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hornblende-feldspar gneiss showing
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east-west striking en-échelon quar
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and broken Kfs 1 and Qtz 1 embedded
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A Meters LEGEND B Figure 2.6. A: De
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Figure 2.7. Microphotograph of vari
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eplaces Kfs 1 feldspars (Fig. 2.7A)
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the Qtz 1 quartz dissolution result
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Figure 2.9. Microphotograph of typi
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uraninite (Fig. 2.10). The errors o
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Figure 2.10. Backscattered Electron
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post-mineralization alteration duri
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Post-mineralization alteration even
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Volcanic-type ±U 5 (Sample 6139, G
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6134 pt8a 2 Gunnar 82.92 2.92 5.30
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Regression to zero content of the s
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faults (Fig. 2.13C). The breccias w
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Figure 2.13. Schematic cross-sectio
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Mylonites were then reactivated at
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and thrusting during the 1.94-1.92
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Beaverlodge area (Morelli et al., 2
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dikes (Ernst and Buchan, 2001b) and
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Figure 2.15: Distribution of 207 Pb
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CHAPTER 3 GENESIS OF MULTIFARIOUS U
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eccia-type. The other styles of min
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The basement consist of Neoarchean
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of essentially unmetamorphosed arko
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WDX X-ray spectrometers at Carleton
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3.4. Results 3.4.1. Paragenesis of
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are derived from their chlorite cry
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Figure 3.4. Photomicrographs of typ
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3.4J). Py 6 Pyrite and Cpy 5 chalco
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mineralization varies from 25.70 to
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6137APt71 60.67 13.73 4.59 6.48 0.0
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Fig. 3.6A). The Ca may result from
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Sample ID 1 ± 2 ± 3.a ± 4 ± 5.a
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Stable isotopic O and C composition
Page 127 and 128: Sample ID Deposit Mineral Mineral v
Page 129 and 130: equilibrium with a fluid having δ
Page 131 and 132: Syn-ore Chl 8 chlorite sampled from
Page 133 and 134: Figure 3.9. Binary diagrams showing
Page 135 and 136: Figure 3.10. Chondrite-normalized R
Page 137 and 138: Retrograde metamorphism Early vein
Page 139 and 140: contents in syn-ore Chl 4 chlorite
Page 141 and 142: decompression and hydration reactio
Page 143 and 144: mineralizations, which upgraded the
Page 145 and 146: metamorphic origin of the main U 4
Page 147 and 148: y the abundance of Ap 1 apatite and
Page 149 and 150: of late fluid events that have affe
Page 151 and 152: CHAPTER 4 FLUID EVOLUTION AND GENES
Page 153 and 154: 1990, 1991; Wyborn et al., 1990). H
Page 155 and 156: stable isotope geochemistry, U-Pb g
Page 157 and 158: coincident with the initiation of s
Page 159 and 160: plasma mass spectrometry (LA-HR-ICP
Page 161 and 162: The Coronation Hill deposit occupie
Page 163 and 164: arsenides, nickel selenide and copp
Page 165 and 166: No corrections were made to the 238
Page 167 and 168: which was interpreted as being asso
Page 169 and 170: porphyry and coated by Chl 1 formin
Page 171 and 172: Mineralized breccias showing quartz
Page 173 and 174: SOUTH ALLIGATOR RIVER GROUP EL SHER
Page 175 and 176: A Carbonaceous Shale B Src 1 Qtz 1
Page 177: A Granite Qtz 0 fragments Qtz 0 B M
Page 181 and 182: Sample I.D SiO 2 CaO FeO ThO 2 MnO
Page 183 and 184: site occupancy (Cathelineau, 1988).
Page 185 and 186: Mineral values Temperature Fluid va
Page 187 and 188: Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
Page 189 and 190: G H Figure 4.12. U-Pb concordia dia
Page 191 and 192: Figure 4.13. Pb-Pb isochron diagram
Page 193 and 194: and 4.12B), and to 207 Pb/ 206 Pb a
Page 195 and 196: 160 o C at Coronation Hill. The tem
Page 197 and 198: Figure 4.15. Conceptual genetic mod
Page 199 and 200: of the Koolpin Formation, while dep
Page 201 and 202: at ca. 1820 Ma, approximately 40 My
Page 203 and 204: culminating with the formation of R
Page 205 and 206: deposits is related to fluids deriv
Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 5.1. I
Page 209 and 210: ed-bed strata and associated volcan
Page 211 and 212: character of the fluid that formed
Page 213 and 214: 5.2.1.2. Metamorphic-related uraniu
Page 215 and 216: during brecciation or reduction as
Page 217 and 218: ca. 1820 Ma that triggered reactiva
Page 219 and 220: Plutons Event at 1.4 Ga (Barinek et
Page 221 and 222: Kolari-Kittila Province Kuusamo Pro
Page 223 and 224: The uranium deposits in various pro
Page 225 and 226: Fig. 5.6. Distribution of the Rorai
Page 227 and 228: Roraima Basin, similar to what is o
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etween ca. 2.3 Ga and 1.9 Ga. Later
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REFERENCES Adams, J., 1989. Postgla
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Ashton, K.E., 2010. The Gunnar Mine
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Bowles, J.F.W., 1990. Age dating of
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Cuney, M.L., 2005. World-class unco
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deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Sa
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Hartlaub, R.P., Heaman, L.M., Chack
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Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sas
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Kyser, K., and Cuney, M., 2008. Geo
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two-sided oblique-slip collisional
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Creek Geosyncline: in ‘The minera
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Piper, J.D.A., 2004. Discussion on
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99.Sheppard SMF and Gilg HA 1996. S
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Proceedings Darwin Conference 1984
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Wingate, M.T.D, Pisarevsky SA, Evan
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Sample Deposit 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ±2σ
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APPENDIX B REE contents of various
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Sample Y Zr Cs Ba Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm
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Sample ΣREE TLREE THREE LREE/HREE
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SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
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SAMPLE ID. SiO 2 TiO 2 AL 2O 3 CR 2
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APPENDIX E Electron microprobe data
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SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
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SAMPLE Si 4+ AL 4+ Total AL 6+ Ti 4
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Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
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Sample ID. Deposit UO 2 SiO 2 CaO F
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Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
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Corrected ratios Apparent ages ( ±
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Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
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Sample ID. Al 2O 3 CaO FeO K2O MgO
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250 85 330 40 145 70 25 65 30 30 27
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Mineralized veins Quartz veins 276
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