Scientific career of Fabrizio Cavani in brief Scientific Interests

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3. F. Cavani, F. Pierelli, F. Ghelfi, G. Mazzone, C. Fumagalli, Un nuovo catalizzatore per la sintesi di anidride maleica. Brevetto 03 425 597.6 del 15/9/2003. EP 1514598 A1 20050316; EP 2003- 425597 20030915. Assigned to Lonza. 4. S. Albonetti, F. Cavani, F. Trifirò, P. Venturoli, G. Calestani, M. Lopez Granados, J.L.G. Fierro, "A Comparison of the Reactivity of "Nonequilibrated" and "Equilibrated" V-P-O Catalysts: Structural Evolution, Surface Characterization, and Reactivity in the Selective Oxidation of n-Butane and n- Pentane", J. Catal., 160(1) (1996) 52-64 5. F. Cavani, F. Trifirò, "The characterization of the surface properties of V-P-O-based catalysts by probe molecules", Appl. Catal. A: General, 157 (1997) 195-221 6. F. Cavani, S. Ligi, T. Monti, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirò, S. Albonetti, G. Mazzoni, “Relationship between structural/surface characteristics and reactivity in n.-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride. The role of V 3+ species”, Catal. Today, 61 (2000) 203-210 7. S. Albonetti, F. Budi, F. Cavani, S. Ligi, G. Mazzoni, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirò, “ALMAX catalyst for the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride: a highly efficient V/P/O system for fluidizedbed reactors”, in "Natural Gas Conversion VI", J.J. Spivey et al. (Eds.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 136, 2001, p. 141-146 8. S. Albonetti, F. Cavani, S. Ligi, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirò, F. Ghelfi, G. Mazzoni, “The effect of glycols in the organic preparation of V/P mixed oxide, catalyst for the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride”, in “Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts” E. Gaigneaux, D.E. De Vos, P. Grange, P.A. Jacobs, J.A. Martens, P. Ruiz, G. Poncelet (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 143, (2002) 963-973 9. N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, C. Cortelli, F. Gasparini, A. Mignani, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirò, C. Fumagalli, G. Mazzoni, “The contribution of homogeneous and non-oxidative side reactions in the performance of vanadyl pyrophosphate, catalyst for the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride, under hydrocarbon-rich conditions”, Catal. Today, 99 (2005) 115-122 10. G. Bignardi, F. Cavani, C. Cortelli, T. De Lucia, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirò, G. Mazzoni, C. Fumagalli, T. Monti, “Influence of the oxidation state of vanadium on the reactivity of V/P/O, catalyst for the oxidation of n-pentane to maleic and phthalic anhydrides“, J. Molec. Catal. A: Chemical, 244 (2006) 244-251. 11. N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, C. Cortelli, S. Ligi, F. Pierelli, F. Trifirò, C. Fumagalli, G. Mazzoni, T. Monti, “VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge ?”, Topics Catal., 38 (2006) 147-156 12. F. Cavani, C. Cortelli, A. Frattini, G. Puccinotti, M. Ricotta, F. Rodeghiero, F. Trifirò, C. Fumagalli, G. Mazzoni, “The dilution of vanadyl pyrophosphate, catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride, with aluminum phosphate: unexpected reactivity due to the contribution of the diluting agent”, Topics Catal., 38 (2006) 295-201 13. N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, C. Cortelli, M. Ricotta, F. Rodeghiero, F. Trifirò, C. Fumagalli, G. Mazzoni, “Non-steady catalytic performance as a tool for the identification of the active surface in VPO, catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride”, Catal. Today, 117 (2006) 174-179.
14. F. Cavani, S. Luciani, E. Degli Esposti, C. Cortelli, R. Leanza “Surface Dynamics of A Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst for n-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride: An In Situ Raman and Reactivity Study of the Effect of the P/V Atomic Ratio”, Chemistry Eur. J., 16 (2010) 1646-1655. 15. F. Cavani, D. De Santi, S. Luciani, A. Lofberg, E. Bordes-Richard, C. Cortelli, R. Leanza, “Transient reactivity of vanadyl pyrophosphate, the catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride, in response to in-situ treatments”, Appl. Catal. A 376 (2010) 66–75. During the period 2008-2011, FC has extensively studied the mechanism of a process which, although industrially applied since several years, yet had not been understood. Specifically, the reaction is the gas-phase methylation of phenol with methanol, catalyzed by basic (doped MgO: General Electric technology) or redox (V/Fe/O: Asahi technology) oxides, a reaction occurring with high region- and chemo-selectivity. It was generally accepted that the mechanism of the reaction is a direct electrophylic substitution by methanol on the activated phenolate molecule. Starting from the evidence that such mechanism is not convincing, we were able to demonstrate that indeed the reaction mechanism involves formaldehyde as true electrophylic molecule, where the aldehyde is formed by means of dehydrogenation of methanol, a reaction which is accelerated by the basic materials used industrially [1-6]. The electrophylic attack leads to the formation of salycilic alcohol as the reaction intermediate, which is finally transformed into the methylated compound (o-cresol and then 2,6-xylenol) by means of MPV-type reaction with formaldehyde itself, which also acts as a reducing agent for the methylol moiety. In overall, the reaction indeed consists of several steps, which are carried out in rapid cascade. In this sense, the direct transformation of phenol into the corresponding methylated compounds is emblematic of how the combination of various catalyst functionalities (both basic, required for the phenol activation, and dehydrogenating) allows the conduction of complex reactions with high selectivity (one-pot reactions). 1. N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, L. Maselli, A. Montaletti, S. Passeri, D. Scagliarini, C. Flego, C. Perego, “The transformations involving methanol in the acid- and base-catalyzed gas-phase methylation of phenol”, J. Catal. 251 (2007) 423–436 2. N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, L. Maselli, S. Passeri, S. Rovinetti, “Mechanistic studies of the role of formaldehyde in the gas-phase methylation of phenol”, J. Catal. 256 (2008) 215-225 3. N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, S. Passeri, L. Pesaresi, A.F. Lee, K. Wilson, “Phenol methylation over nanoparticulate CoFe2O4 inverse spinel catalysts: The effect of morphology on catalytic performance”, Appl. Catal. A 366 (2009) 184–192 4. F. Cavani, L. Maselli, S. Passeri, J.A. Lercher, “Catalytic methylation of phenol on MgO – Surface chemistry and mechanism”, J. Catal. 269 (2010) 340–350 5. V. Crocellà, G. Cerrato, G. Magnacca, C. Morterra, F. Cavani, S. Cocchi, S. Passeri, D. Scagliarini, C. Flego, C. Perego, “The balance of acid, basic and redox sites in Mg/Me-mixed oxides: The effect on catalytic performance in the gas-phase alkylation of m-cresol with methanol”, J. Catal. 270 (2010) 125–135. 6. V. Crocellà, G. Cerrato, G. Magnacca, C. Morterra, F. Cavani, L. Maselli and S. Passeri, “Gasphase phenol methylation over Mg/Me/O (Me = Al, Cr, Fe) catalysts: mechanistic implications due to different acid–base and dehydrogenating properties”, Dalton Trans., 39, (2010) 8527–8537.
Page 1 and 2: Scientific career of Fabrizio Cavan
Page 3: Main scientific and technological a
Page 7 and 8: N. Ballarini, F. Cavani, M. Cimini,
Page 9: In collaboration with scientists fr

Scientific career of Fabrizio Cavani in brief Scientific Interests

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