Transformer models in EMTP/ATP
Transformer models in EMTP/ATP
Transformer models in EMTP/ATP
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<strong>Transformer</strong> model<strong>in</strong>g guidel<strong>in</strong>es<br />
PARAMETER/<br />
EFFECT<br />
Low Frequency<br />
Transients<br />
Slow Front<br />
Transients<br />
Fast Front<br />
Transients<br />
Very Fast Front<br />
Transients<br />
Short-circuit<br />
impedance<br />
Very important Very important Important Negligible<br />
Saturation<br />
Very important<br />
Very<br />
Important (1)<br />
Negligible<br />
Negligible<br />
Iron losses Important (2) Important Negligible Negligible<br />
Eddy currents Very important Important Negligible Negligible<br />
Capacitive<br />
coupl<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Negligible<br />
Important<br />
Very<br />
important<br />
Very important<br />
(1) Only for transformer energization phenomena, otherwise important<br />
(2) Only for resonance phenomena<br />
17 / 19<br />
11/6/2012<br />
Application: CT model<strong>in</strong>g<br />
ip’ Rp Lp Rs Ls<br />
Es<br />
is<br />
im<br />
imr<br />
Rm<br />
imx<br />
Lm<br />
Rl<br />
18 / 19<br />
11/6/2012