Nuclear Proliferation TechnologyTrends Analysis - International ...

PNNL-14480
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ ii
TABLE OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
2.0 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ANALYSIS APPROACH ............................................... 1
3.0 ENRICHMENT TECHNOLOGY................................................................................ 3
3.1 GASEOUS DIFFUSION ENRICHMENT TECHNOLOGY HISTORY ................ 3
3.1.1 Technology Description..................................................................................... 3
3.1.2 Technology Development.................................................................................. 4
3.1.3 Countries that have used/attempted to use technology...................................... 7
3.1.4 Technological Information Acquisition/Development .................................... 11
3.1.5 Required Concurrent Technologies ................................................................. 12
3.2 CENTRIFUGE ENRICHMENT TECHNOLOGY HISTORY.............................. 12
3.2.1 Technology Description................................................................................... 12
3.2.2 Technology Development................................................................................ 15
3.2.3 Countries that have used/attempted to use technology.................................... 19
3.2.4 Technological Information Acquisition/Development .................................... 31
3.2.5 Required Concurrent Technologies ................................................................. 33
3.3 ELECTROMAGENTIC ISOTOPE SEPARTION TECHNOLOGY HISTORY .. 34
3.3.1 Technology Description................................................................................... 34
3.3.2 Technology Development................................................................................ 37
3.3.3 Countries that have used/attempted to use technology.................................... 38
3.3.4 Technological Information Acquisition/Development .................................... 40
3.3.5 Required Concurrent Technologies ................................................................. 41
3.4 CHEMICAL AND ION EXCHANGE ENRICHMENT TECHNOLOGY
HISTORY ..................................................................................................................... 41
3.4.1 Technology Description................................................................................... 41
3.4.2 Technology Development................................................................................ 43
reductions in energy use, improved catalysts, and improved regeneration techniques
must occur before the technology can compete with other enrichment processes. .. 45
3.4.3 Countries that have used/attempted to use technology.................................... 45
3.4.4 Technological Information Acquisition/Development .................................... 47
3.4.5 Required Concurrent Technologies ................................................................. 47
3.5 AERODYNAMIC ISOTOPE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY HISTORY......... 47
3.5.1 Technology Description................................................................................... 47
3.5.2 Technology Development................................................................................ 52
3.5.4 Technological Information Acquisition/Development .................................... 54
3.5.5 Required Concurrent Technologies ................................................................. 55
3.6 LASER ENRICHMENT TECHNOLOGY HISTORY.......................................... 55
3.6.1 Technology Description................................................................................... 55
3.6.2 Technology Development................................................................................ 57
3.6.3 Countries that have used/attempted to use technology.................................... 57
3.6.4 Technological Information Acquisition/Development .................................... 58
3.6.5 Required Concurrent Technologies ................................................................. 59
4.0 REACTOR BASED TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................... 60
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