Jim Crow in New York

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Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Charles J. Ogletree, Jr., Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, David Harris, Managing Director, Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice at Harvard Law School, Darrick Northington, Harvard Law School, David Gellman, Associate Professor, DePauw University, David Quigley, Professor, Boston College, as well as the historians and archivists at the New York Historical Society, the New York State Archives and the New York State Library. We also thank Ryan Haygood of NAACP-LDF and Juan Cartagena of the Community Service Society, and Michael Waldman, Frederick A.O. Schwarz, Jr., Susan Lehman, Myrna Pérez, Jeanine Plant-Chirlin, Jonathan Blitzer, Laura Seago, Theresa Lee, Dina Hardy, Daniel Wolf, Cristina Gallo, Ben Guthorn and Sarah Nadler, all of the Brennan Center for Justice. The Brennan Center thanks Atlantic Philanthropies, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Democracy Alliance, Educational Foundation of America, Ford Foundation, Mitchell Kapor Foundation, Moveon.org Civic Action, Open Society Institute and an anonymous donor for their generous support that made this report possible. The statements made and views expressed in this report are solely the responsibility of the Brennan Center.
Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Jim Crow in New York 3 Discriminatory Beginnings: New York’s 1777 Constitution 5 and the Voter “Fraud” Act The Debates of the 1821 Convention: 6 “The Minds of Blacks Are Not Competent to Vote.” 1846: Emancipated, But Still Disenfranchised 9 Violent Resentment of the Civil War and its Aftermath 11 1872: A Bait and Switch 12 Lasting Effects 14 III. Recommendations 16 IV. Endnotes 17
Page 1 and 2: JimCrow in NewYork By Erika Wood an
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Jim Crow in New York

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