King Industries, Inc. High Performance Products for Coatings, Inks ...
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<strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>, <strong>Inc</strong>.<br />

<strong>High</strong> <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> <strong>Products</strong> <strong>for</strong><br />

<strong>Coatings</strong>, <strong>Inks</strong>, Adhesives and<br />

Sealants<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ®<br />

Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts<br />

K-KAT ®<br />

Non-tin Catalysts <strong>for</strong> Urethanes<br />

NACURE ® SUPER CATALYSTS<br />

Cationic Cure of Epoxies<br />

K-FLEX ®<br />

Resin Modifiers & Reactive Diluents<br />

K-STAY ®<br />

Rheology Modifiers<br />

K-SPERSE ®<br />

Wetting & Dispersing Additives<br />

NACORR ®<br />

Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors<br />

DISPARLON ®<br />

Thixotropes & Surface Control Additives

<strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong> <strong>Coatings</strong> Additives Division<br />

Technology Overview<br />

Since 1932, <strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong> has been supplying specialty chemical products to a variety of industries that are<br />

per<strong>for</strong>mance driven with ever changing requirements. This is especially true <strong>for</strong> the coatings, inks, adhesives<br />

and sealant markets, the audience <strong>for</strong> this product guide. While the brochure covers our standard products,<br />

this overview has been designed to give you a summary of our areas of technical expertise and to urge you<br />

to contact us if you feel we may be of assistance <strong>for</strong> your specific product needs.<br />

CATALYSIS<br />

With over four decades of experience in catalysis, <strong>King</strong> offers the industry’s broadest spectrum of catalysts<br />

including:<br />

• Acid and blocked acid (latent) catalysts <strong>for</strong> amino thermoset systems<br />

• Non-tin, mercury-free catalysts <strong>for</strong> urethanes<br />

• Latent and super acid catalysts <strong>for</strong> the cationic cure of epoxies<br />

• Hydrophobic catalysts <strong>for</strong> the moisture cure of siloxane functional polymers<br />

• Powder catalysts <strong>for</strong> uretdione crosslinked powder coatings and caprolactam blocked isocyanate<br />

powder systems<br />

CORROSION INHIBITION<br />

<strong>King</strong> offers ferrous and non-ferrous protection <strong>for</strong> a wide variety of metals and systems based on three<br />

unique plat<strong>for</strong>ms:<br />

• Sulfonate based rust and corrosion inhibitors<br />

• Modified triazole compounds<br />

• Amino acid derivatives<br />

DISPERSANT TECHNOLOGY<br />

Whether organic or inorganic pigments/fillers, <strong>King</strong> offers a variety of dispersant technologies including:<br />

• Solvent free polymeric wetting and dispersing agents <strong>for</strong> solventless and epoxy systems<br />

• Sulfonate based dispersants <strong>for</strong> non-aqueous, solvent-free and powder systems<br />

• Organic wetting/dispersing agents <strong>for</strong> highly viscous systems such as ceramics, metal pastes and<br />

sand-filled epoxies.<br />

RESIN MODIFIERS/REACTIVE DILUENTS<br />

• Unique polyester polyols based upon low molecular weight, linear, saturated aliphatic structures with<br />

pendant hydroxyl groups<br />

• Novel, low molecular weight diols with an all urethane backbone<br />

• Acetoacetate functional reactive diluents<br />

RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS<br />

• Unique sulfonate based modifiers <strong>for</strong> non-aqueous systems<br />

• Polyamide based thixotropes<br />

• Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane thickeners <strong>for</strong> waterborne systems<br />

SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVES<br />

In addition to <strong>King</strong>’s internally developed products, the Disparlon® product line represents over 25 years of a<br />

technology alliance with Kusumoto Chemical Ltd. of Japan. The Disparlon line offers a broad range of leveling,<br />

defoaming, anti-popping and anti-cratering additives <strong>for</strong> aqueous, solvent, solventless, UV and powder<br />

systems.<br />

© All materials copyrighted 2010, <strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>, <strong>Inc</strong>., Norwalk, CT, USA

Table of Contents and System Reference Chart<br />

SYSTEM<br />

<strong>High</strong> Solids Waterborne Conventional Powder UV<br />

SECTION I - CATALYSTS<br />

PRODUCT LINES<br />

NACURE® & K-CURE®<br />

ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

K-KAT® NON-TIN CATALYSTS<br />

FOR URETHANES<br />

NACURE® SUPER CATALYSTS<br />

LATENT CURE OF EPOXIES<br />

PAGE<br />

3<br />

14<br />

19<br />

SECTION II - RESIN MODIFIERS/REACTIVE DILUENTS<br />

K-FLEX®<br />

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS<br />

25<br />

K-FLEX®<br />

POLYESTER POLYOLS 27<br />

K-FLEX®<br />

URETHANE DIOLS<br />

29<br />

APPLICATION CHART<br />

Centerfold<br />

SECTION III - SPECIALTY ADDITIVES<br />

K-STAY®<br />

RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS<br />

NACORR®<br />

RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS<br />

K-SPERSE®<br />

WETTING & DISPERSING ADDITIVES<br />

DISPARLON®<br />

THIXOTROPES<br />

DISPARLON® DEFOAMERS<br />

& ANTI-POPPING AGENTS<br />

DISPARLON® LEVELING<br />

& ANTI-CRATERING ADDITIVES<br />

DISPARLON® DISPERSANTS,<br />

ANTI-FLOOD & ANTI-FLOAT AGENTS<br />

21<br />

31<br />

35<br />

38<br />

43<br />

44<br />

46<br />

CONTACT INFORMATION: www.kingindustries.com<br />

World Headquarters<br />

<strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>, <strong>Inc</strong>.<br />

Science Road, CT 06852<br />

USA<br />

(800) 431-7900 or (203) 866-5551<br />

(203) 866-1268<br />

coatings@kingindustries.com<br />

European Sales Office<br />

<strong>King</strong> International Europe<br />

Noordkade 64, 2741 EZ Waddinxveen<br />

The Netherlands<br />

+31 182-631360<br />

+31 182-621002<br />

info@kingintl.nl<br />

Asia - Technical Service<br />

Dr. Zhiqiang Alex He<br />

42 JLYY - Rich Mond Hill<br />

Bo Ai 7th Road<br />

Zhongshan, Guangdong, China 528403<br />

+760-88229866<br />

+760-88229896<br />

alex.he@kingindustries.com

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ®<br />

Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts<br />

Why Use Catalysts<br />

Today’s need <strong>for</strong> high solids and waterborne<br />

coatings requires greater use of high reactivity, low<br />

viscosity resins and crosslinkers. Conversion of<br />

these systems into tough, chemically resistant, high<br />

per<strong>for</strong>mance coatings at reduced cure temperatures<br />

can be accomplished with the use of a catalyst.<br />

Acrylics, alkyds, epoxies and polyesters with<br />

reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl,<br />

carbamate, siloxane or amide can be reacted with<br />

melamine, urea and benzoguanamine crosslinkers.<br />

The proper use of catalysts can facilitate the<br />

crosslinking reaction resulting in the following<br />

benefits:<br />

• Shorter cure schedules<br />

• Lower cure temperatures <strong>for</strong> thermoset high<br />

solids and waterborne coatings<br />

• Improved hardness, gloss, humidity<br />

and corrosion resistance<br />

• Improved mechanical properties<br />

<strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong> continues to develop catalysts to<br />

meet the ever expanding needs of a rapidly<br />

changing market.<br />

Free Acid Or Latent Catalyst<br />

While acid catalysts provide the fastest cure and<br />

lower curing temperatures, blocked or latent catalysts<br />

are typically chosen <strong>for</strong> systems requiring<br />

greater package stability. In addition, troublesome<br />

catalyst-pigment interaction can be reduced or<br />

eliminated with the use of blocked catalysts.<br />

As can be seen in the table that follows, <strong>King</strong>’s catalyst<br />

line is based upon a variety of acids. The middle<br />

column denotes the free acid versions while the far<br />

right column shows amine blocked or covalently<br />

bonded derivatives <strong>for</strong> applications requiring<br />

extended package stability.<br />

Acid Type<br />

DNNDSA<br />

Dinonylnaphthalene<br />

Disulfonic Acid<br />

HO3S<br />

H 19C 9<br />

Catalyst By Acid Type<br />

C 9H 19<br />

SO3H<br />

DNNSA<br />

Dinonylnaphthalene<br />

Sulfonic Acid<br />

H 19C 9<br />

DDBSA<br />

Dodecylbenzene<br />

Sulfonic Acid<br />

SO3H<br />

p-TSA<br />

p-Toluene<br />

Sulfonic Acid<br />

CH3<br />

SO3H<br />

C 12H 25<br />

C 9H 19<br />

SO3H<br />

Phosphates<br />

AAP/PAP<br />

Alkyl Acid Phosphates<br />

Phenyl Acid Phosphates<br />

Acid<br />

Catalysts<br />

NACURE 155<br />

NACURE 3056<br />

Blocked<br />

Catalysts<br />

NACURE 3327<br />

NACURE 3483<br />

NACURE 3525<br />

NACURE X49-110<br />

NACURE 1051 NACURE 1323<br />

NACURE 1419<br />

NACURE 1557<br />

NACURE 1953<br />

NACURE 5076 NACURE 5225<br />

NACURE 5414<br />

NACURE 5528<br />

NACURE 5925<br />

K-CURE 1040<br />

K-CURE 1040W<br />

NACURE 4000<br />

NACURE 4054<br />

NACURE 2107<br />

NACURE 2500<br />

NACURE 2501<br />

NACURE 2522<br />

NACURE 2530<br />

NACURE 2547<br />

NACURE 4167<br />

NACURE 4167W<br />

NACURE 4575<br />

Mixed Acids K-CURE 129B NACURE 8924

Product Offerings<br />

The chemical structure of the catalyst, as well as the<br />

quantity used, can have a profound impact on film<br />

properties such as adhesion, corrosion resistance,<br />

flexibility and impact resistance. These observations<br />

are apparent not only among varying acid types but<br />

also among different products within the same<br />

chemical family.<br />

The type of crosslinker used will also affect the<br />

choice of catalyst. <strong>High</strong> solids and waterborne<br />

coatings are typically <strong>for</strong>mulated with monomeric<br />

crosslinkers such as hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine<br />

(HMMM) or mixed ether melamine; reaction of<br />

these crosslinkers with hydroxy or carbamate functional<br />

groups is best achieved with strong acid catalysts<br />

like DNNDSA or p-TSA.<br />

More reactive crosslinkers, which are more<br />

polymeric but contain high levels of -NH groups,<br />

respond better to a weaker acid such as acid<br />

phosphates or low dosages of amine blocked<br />

sulfonic acids.<br />

Cure Time, Minutes<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

N-2500<br />

N-8924<br />

N-2530<br />

Relative Cure Profiles <strong>for</strong> NACURE Blocked Catalysts<br />

<strong>for</strong> Amino Crosslinked Systems<br />

N-2558<br />

N-2107<br />

N-2547<br />

N-3327<br />

N-5225 N-3525 N-5528<br />

X49-110 N-5925<br />

N-2558<br />

Crosslinking Agent<br />

Fully alkylated<br />

monomeric M/F resins:<br />

Fully methylated<br />

Fully butylated<br />

Mixed ethers<br />

Urea <strong>for</strong>maldehyde resins<br />

Benzoguanamine resins<br />

Glycoluril resins<br />

<strong>High</strong>ly alkylated, high<br />

imino M/F resins<br />

Partially alkylated<br />

polymeric M/F resins<br />

N-3483<br />

N-4575<br />

N-5414<br />

General Acid<br />

Category<br />

Strong Acids<br />

pKaDNNDSA>DDBSA>DNNSA>Phosphates>Carboxylates<br />

The table above, matches the type of crosslinking<br />

agent and the acid catalyst most suitable <strong>for</strong> each<br />

class. <strong>King</strong> offers a broad selection of catalysts to<br />

satisfy almost every possible curing parameter.<br />

Relative cure profiles <strong>for</strong> NACURE Blocked<br />

Catalysts are shown below.<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

N-1323, N-1953, N-1419, N-1557<br />

0<br />

85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175<br />

Cure Temperature, o C<br />

Pages 3 & 4

Catalyst Selection Chart by Application<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

The application charts that follow can be used to arrive at good starting point product recommendations based<br />

upon <strong>King</strong>’s decades of experience in catalysis. However, we strongly recommend, given the complexity of the<br />

selection process and the subtle nuances of each individual product, that you take advantage of our Technical<br />

Service Department who will be more than happy to assist you. They can be quickly reached either by email:<br />

coatings@kingindustries.com or phone: (203) 866-5551 <strong>for</strong> assistance.<br />

Solventborne<br />

1419<br />

Best Overall<br />

3525<br />

Solubility<br />

1051<br />

Corrosion<br />

Resistance<br />

1323<br />

<strong>High</strong><br />

Temperatures<br />

PRIMERS<br />

Waterborne<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

3525 &<br />

X49-110<br />

Package<br />

Stability<br />

METAL SUBSTRATES<br />

Solventborne<br />

5076*<br />

Best Overall<br />

5925*<br />

Package<br />

Stability<br />

155<br />

Moisture<br />

Resistance<br />

X49-110<br />

Boiling Water<br />

Resistance<br />

CAN<br />

COIL, APPLIANCE<br />

Waterborne Solventborne Waterborne Solventborne Waterborne<br />

2500<br />

Best Overall<br />

2558<br />

Blister<br />

Resistance<br />

3525<br />

Adhesion<br />

1051<br />

Best Overall<br />

1323 & 1953<br />

<strong>High</strong> Bake<br />

Systems<br />

1419<br />

Corrosion<br />

Resistance<br />

2107<br />

Textured<br />

Finish<br />

TOPCOATS<br />

2500<br />

Best Overall<br />

X49-110<br />

Package<br />

Stability<br />

3525<br />

Adhesion<br />

GENERAL INDUSTRIAL<br />

2500<br />

Best Overall<br />

155<br />

Moisture<br />

Resistance<br />

X49-110<br />

Package<br />

Stability<br />

2547<br />

Best Overall<br />

2500<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

X49-110 &<br />

3525<br />

Adhesion<br />

* Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & Xiii (a&b)

Catalyst Selection Chart by Application<br />

Solventborne<br />

X49-110<br />

Best Overall<br />

3525<br />

Solubility &<br />

Adhesion<br />

2500<br />

Best Overall<br />

PRIMERS<br />

Waterborne<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

3525 &<br />

X49-110<br />

Solubility &<br />

Adhesion<br />

WOOD & PAPER SUBSTRATES<br />

Solventborne<br />

1040<br />

Best Overall<br />

129B<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

2530<br />

Package<br />

Stability<br />

Waterborne<br />

1040W<br />

Best Overall<br />

129B<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

8924<br />

Package<br />

Stability<br />

AUTOMOTIVE<br />

TOPCOATS: Basecoats & Clearcoats<br />

Solventborne<br />

5528 &<br />

5225<br />

Best Overall<br />

2500<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

3525<br />

Intercoat<br />

Adhesion<br />

Solventborne<br />

Waterborne<br />

2500<br />

Best Overall<br />

5225<br />

UV Durability<br />

2547<br />

Stability<br />

Waterborne<br />

Solventborne<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

Solventborne<br />

PLASTICS<br />

Waterborne<br />

2500<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

NON-COATINGS: Adhesives (Sealants) & <strong>Inks</strong><br />

ADHESIVES (Sealants)<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

1040<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

3525<br />

Adhesion<br />

1040<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

1051<br />

Moisture<br />

Resistance<br />

INKS<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

Waterborne<br />

155<br />

Best Overall<br />

3525<br />

Adhesion<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

155<br />

Moisture<br />

Resistance<br />

155<br />

Moisture<br />

Resistance<br />

1040W<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

1040W<br />

Rapid Cure<br />

Pages 5 & 6

DNNDSA Catalysts<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

Advantages of Dinonylnaphthalene Disulfonic Acid<br />

(DNNDSA) catalysts include:<br />

• Excellent adhesion properties<br />

• Superior corrosion & moisture resistance<br />

• Detergent resistance<br />

• Excellent <strong>for</strong> solventborne and waterborne<br />

coatings<br />

ADHESION TESTS<br />

A polyester/HMMM general industrial enamel catalyzed<br />

with a blocked DNNDSA catalyst, NACURE<br />

X49-110 demonstrates (in the top chart) its superior<br />

crosshatch adhesion per<strong>for</strong>mance compared to a<br />

blocked p-TSA catalyst at a 150°C cure schedule.<br />

Enamels were applied to iron phosphated and<br />

untreated aluminum panels.<br />

DNNDSA Acid Catalysts<br />

PRODUCT<br />

NACURE<br />

155<br />

NACURE<br />

3056<br />

DNNDSA Blocked Catalysts<br />

NACURE<br />

3327<br />

NACURE<br />

3483<br />

NACURE<br />

3525<br />

Acid Type<br />

Volatile<br />

DNNDSA<br />

Isobutanol<br />

Isopropanol 25 6.5 - 7.5 7.40 N/A 107°C<br />

DNNDSA<br />

Xylene<br />

DNNDSA<br />

Isobutanol<br />

Isopropanol<br />

%<br />

Active<br />

25 N/A 8.20 10 max. 120°C<br />

25<br />

Acid #<br />

or pH<br />

lbs./gal.<br />

Property<br />

Gardner<br />

Color<br />

Minimum<br />

Cure*<br />

DNNDSA<br />

Isobutanol 55 112-116 8.16 12 max. RT<br />

DNNDSA<br />

Alcohols 50 103-107 8.00 14 max. RT<br />

7.0 - 8.5 7.65 10 max. 120°C<br />

DNNDSA<br />

N X49-110<br />

p-TSA<br />

(25%, Amine)<br />

Cure Schedule: 15 minutes @ 150°C<br />

Pencil Hardness H-2H 2-3H<br />

Adhesion to<br />

Phosphated CRS<br />

96% 24%<br />

The adhesion advantages of DNNDSA are also<br />

evident when compared to DDBSA. A significant<br />

improvement was observed when crosshatch<br />

adhesion tests were conducted on untreated<br />

aluminum panels<br />

Property<br />

DNNDSA<br />

NACURE 3525<br />

Cure Schedule: 15 minutes @ 150°C<br />

DDBSA<br />

(Blocked Cat.)<br />

Pencil Hardness H-2H H-2H<br />

Pendulum Hardness 116 116<br />

Adhesion to<br />

Untreated Aluminum<br />

90% 20%<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

General purpose catalyst. Excellent<br />

water, detergent and salt spray<br />

resistance.<br />

Cost effective hydrophobic catalyst<br />

with excellent salt spray and water<br />

miscibility.<br />

Better solubility than other amine<br />

blocked DSA catalysts.<br />

Low conductivity <strong>for</strong> electrostatic<br />

spray. <strong>High</strong> gloss, reduced pigment<br />

interaction.<br />

Better solubility than X49-110,<br />

slower curing. Good salt spray<br />

resistance and adhesion.<br />

NACURE<br />

X49-110<br />

DNNDSA<br />

Isobutanol<br />

Isopropanol<br />

25 6.5 - 7.5 7.55 10 max. 90°C<br />

Best overall properties. Excellent<br />

water and corrosion resistance,<br />

and adhesion.<br />

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)

DNNSA Catalysts<br />

Resistance to Telegraphing<br />

0.32% p-TSA 0.9% DNNSA<br />

PRODUCT<br />

NACURE<br />

1051*<br />

Acid Type<br />

Volatile<br />

%<br />

Active<br />

Acid #<br />

or pH<br />

lbs./gal.<br />

DNNSA<br />

2-Butoxyethanol 50 60-64 8.16 N/A 125°C<br />

* NACURE 1051 is an excellent catalyst <strong>for</strong> anodic acrylic electrocoating.<br />

NACURE<br />

1323<br />

NACURE<br />

1419<br />

NACURE<br />

1557<br />

NACURE<br />

1953<br />

Catalysts based on Dinonylnaphthalene (Mono)<br />

Sulfonic Acid (DNNSA) offer the following advantages:<br />

• Hydrophobic catalyst<br />

• Excellent corrosion resistance<br />

• Overbake resistance<br />

• Excellent resistance to telegraphing<br />

• Excellent substrate wetting properties<br />

• Help reduce conductivity in coating<br />

• Excellent <strong>for</strong> primers and coil coating<br />

applications<br />

In the photographs to the left, resistance to<br />

telegraphing of surface imperfections over oily<br />

substrates is demonstrated. A skin cream containing<br />

oil was applied to the hand and imprinted onto the<br />

steel test panel prior to coating with a high solids<br />

acrylic enamel. DNNSA catalysis improves wetting<br />

and reduces telegraphing of metal surface<br />

variations.<br />

Gardner<br />

Color<br />

Minimum*<br />

Cure<br />

DNNSA<br />

Xylene 21 6.8 - 7.5 7.43 N/A 150°C<br />

DNNSA<br />

Xylene/MIBK 30 N/A 7.74 N/A 150°C<br />

DNNSA<br />

Butanol<br />

2-Butoxyethanol<br />

DNNSA<br />

Butanol<br />

2-Butoxyethanol<br />

25 6.5 - 7.5 7.56 N/A 150°C<br />

25 6.5 - 6.9 7.48 N/A 150°C<br />

DNNSA Acid Catalyst<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

Best water and corrosion<br />

resistance. Recommended <strong>for</strong> high<br />

temperature applications on metal.<br />

DNNSA Blocked Catalysts<br />

<strong>High</strong> temperature applications.<br />

Excellent solubility in aromatic<br />

and aliphatic solvents.<br />

Electrostatic spray. <strong>High</strong> bake<br />

applications <strong>for</strong> water, detergent<br />

and salt spray resistance.<br />

Resolves solvent popping in thick<br />

films. Excellent humidity and<br />

detergent resistance.<br />

<strong>High</strong> bake amino crosslinked<br />

systems such as coil coatings<br />

and metal decorating.<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)<br />

Pages 7 & 8

DDBSA Catalysts<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

Some of the key benefits of using Dodecylbenzene<br />

Sulfonic Acid (DDBSA) catalysts include:<br />

• Broad solubility<br />

• <strong>High</strong> gloss<br />

• UV resistance<br />

• Excellent compatibility in high solids and<br />

waterborne coatings<br />

• Excellent <strong>for</strong> automotive basecoats<br />

and topcoats<br />

DDBSA Acid Catalyst<br />

PRODUCT<br />

NACURE<br />

5076<br />

Acid Type<br />

Volatile<br />

%<br />

Active<br />

Acid #<br />

or pH<br />

lbs./gal.<br />

Gardner<br />

Color<br />

Minimum<br />

Cure*<br />

DDBSA<br />

Isopropanol 70 130-140 8.27 4 RT<br />

DDBSA Blocked Acid Catalysts<br />

NACURE<br />

5225<br />

NACURE<br />

5414<br />

NACURE<br />

5528<br />

NACURE<br />

5925<br />

DDBSA<br />

Isopropanol 25 6.0 - 7.0 7.40 2 120°C<br />

DDBSA<br />

Xylene 25 N/A 8.30 4 130°C<br />

DDBSA<br />

Isopropanol 25 7.0 - 8.0 7.50 2 120°C<br />

DDBSA<br />

Isopropanol 25 7.0 - 7.5 7.50 2 120°C<br />

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)<br />

Solubility of DDBSA Catalysts<br />

Key: S=Soluble P=Partial<br />

NACURE<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

Complies with FDA 21 CFR,<br />

Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b)<br />

Best solubility in high solids<br />

enamels. Good solubility in<br />

aliphatic solvents.<br />

Excellent electrostatic spray (nonaqueous).<br />

Good intercoat adhesion.<br />

Blister resistant.<br />

Broad solubility.<br />

Excellent color stability.<br />

NACURE<br />

5076 5225<br />

Water S S<br />

Alcohols S S<br />

Glycols S S<br />

Glycol Ethers S S<br />

Glycol Ether Acetates S S<br />

Esters S S<br />

Ketones S P<br />

Aromatic Hydrocarbons S S<br />

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons S S<br />

Complies with FDA 21 CFR,<br />

Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b)

p-TSA/Mixed Acid Catalysts<br />

Pendulum, cycles<br />

160<br />

140<br />

120<br />

100<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

0<br />

p-TSA and Mixed Acid Catalysts<br />

PRODUCT<br />

K-CURE<br />

1040<br />

K-CURE<br />

1040W<br />

K-CURE<br />

129B<br />

Acid Type<br />

Volatile<br />

%<br />

Active<br />

Acid #<br />

or pH<br />

lbs./gal.<br />

Catalysts based on para-Toluene Sulfonic<br />

Acid (p-TSA) or alkane sulfonic acid blends<br />

offer the following benefits:<br />

• Fastest cure response<br />

• Low temperature cure<br />

• Excellent UV resistance<br />

• Excellent gloss<br />

• For solventborne and waterborne<br />

coatings<br />

Gardner<br />

Color<br />

Minimum<br />

Cure*<br />

p-TSA<br />

Isopropanol 40 130-140 8.25 1 RT<br />

p-TSA<br />

Water 40 130-140 9.40 2 RT<br />

Mixed Acids<br />

Methanol/n-Butanol 50 200-210 8.90 1 RT<br />

p-TSA and Mixed Acid - Blocked Catalysts<br />

NACURE<br />

2107<br />

NACURE<br />

2500<br />

NACURE<br />

2501<br />

NACURE<br />

2530<br />

NACURE<br />

2547<br />

NACURE<br />

2558<br />

NACURE<br />

8924<br />

(Formerly XC-8224)<br />

200°F 225°F 250°F<br />

DDBSA<br />

p-TSA<br />

Isopropanol 25 8.0 - 9.0 7.57 1 90°C<br />

p-TSA<br />

Isopropanol 26 6.0 - 7.0 8.15 1 80°C<br />

TSA<br />

Methanol<br />

Isopropanol<br />

p-TSA<br />

Methanol<br />

Isopropanol<br />

Mixed Acids<br />

Water 25<br />

p-TSA<br />

25 6.0 - 7.2 8.01 1 80°C<br />

25 5.7 - 6.5 7.90 1 80°C<br />

p-TSA<br />

Water 25 8.6 9.18 1 90°C<br />

P-TSA<br />

Ethylene Glycol 25 4.0 9.60 1 90°C<br />

8.5<br />

The graph to the left demonstrates the low<br />

temperature cure capabilities of a blocked<br />

p-TSA catalyst as measured by pendulum<br />

hardness. The coating is a high solids<br />

polyester/HMMM clearcoat <strong>for</strong>mulation that<br />

was baked at three different temperatures<br />

<strong>for</strong> 15 minutes. Superior hardness develops<br />

at 200-225°F bakes when the p-TSA<br />

catalyst is used.<br />

9.1 1 RT<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

<strong>High</strong>est gloss. Fast cure. Excellent<br />

weathering and exterior<br />

durability.<br />

As above, non-flammable <strong>for</strong><br />

waterborne applications.<br />

Fastest cure.<br />

Wood and paper coatings.<br />

Good metal mark resistance.<br />

Low temperature cure.<br />

Excellent stability.<br />

Slightly higher resistivity than<br />

2500.<br />

Better ketone solubility.<br />

Low temperature cure.<br />

Low tendency to yellow or<br />

wrinkle.<br />

Easy incorporation into aqueous<br />

systems<br />

Effective in controlling wrinkling,<br />

popping & blistering in HS systems<br />

Balance of rapid cure/stability in<br />

waterborne <strong>for</strong>mulations.<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

Pages 9 & 10<br />

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)

Phosphate Catalysts<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

Weak acid catalysts based on phosphate chemistries<br />

are recommended <strong>for</strong>:<br />

• Partially alkylated, high imino and polymeric<br />

melamine crosslinkers<br />

• Hybrids and carboxy-epoxy coatings<br />

• Siloxane crosslinking<br />

They offer:<br />

• Excellent gloss and chemical resistance<br />

• Excellent adhesion properties<br />

The graph to the right compares the adhesion advantage<br />

that NACURE 4000 shows in comparison to two<br />

commercial phosphate catalysts when used to catalyze<br />

an acrylic/polymeric melamine clearcoat.<br />

Phosphate Acid Catalyst<br />

PRODUCT<br />

NACURE<br />

4000<br />

(Formerly<br />

XC-C207)<br />

NACURE<br />

4054<br />

Acid Type<br />

Volatile<br />

Alkyl Acid<br />

Phosphate<br />

Alkyl Acid<br />

Phosphate<br />

%<br />

Active<br />

Phosphate Blocked Catalysts<br />

NACURE<br />

4167<br />

NACURE<br />

4167W<br />

(Formerly<br />

XP-297)<br />

NACURE<br />

4575<br />

NACURE<br />

9206<br />

Acid Phosphate<br />

Isopropanol<br />

Isobutanol<br />

Acid Phosphate<br />

Water<br />

Isopropanol<br />

Acid Phosphate<br />

Methanol<br />

Butanol<br />

Metal Chelate<br />

Acid #<br />

or pH<br />

lbs./gal.<br />

% Adhesion<br />

Gardner<br />

Color<br />

120<br />

100<br />

Minimum<br />

Cure*<br />

100 650 11.8 1 80°C<br />

50 155-165 7.59 1 110°C<br />

25 6.8 - 7.5 7.16 2 80°C<br />

25 6.5 - 7.5 8.20 2 90°C<br />

25 7.0 - 8.0 8.30 2 100°C<br />

78 8.9 120°C<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

0<br />

% Adhesion to Aluminum<br />

Phos. A Phos.B N-4000<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

Broad solubility and excellent<br />

adhesion, Good package<br />

stability.<br />

Excellent adhesion.<br />

Siloxane crosslinking.<br />

Blocked phosphate <strong>for</strong> high<br />

NH/polymeric melamines.<br />

Siloxane crosslinking.<br />

Aqueous systems using high<br />

NH/polymeric melamines.<br />

<strong>High</strong> gloss. Superb storage<br />

stability with polymeric amino<br />

resins.<br />

Thermal cured epoxy-carboxyl<br />

or epoxy-anhydride reactions.<br />

* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)

Formulating In<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

Catalyst Selection<br />

When choosing catalysts, the following factors should be considered:<br />

• Type of coating (primer, basecoat or topcoat)<br />

• What is the cure schedule - time and temperature<br />

• What type of crosslinker is being used<br />

• What is/are the binder resin type(s) and ratio(s) e.g. Polyester/HMMM at 75/25<br />

• What is the substrate to be coated<br />

• What is the coating film thickness<br />

• What shelf life does the coating require<br />

Given the broad range of catalysts available, <strong>King</strong>’s technical service staff stands ready to assist you in<br />

choosing the right product to customize your <strong>for</strong>mulation. Simply email them with the answers to the above<br />

questions at coatings@kingindustries.com or call 203-866-5551.<br />

Formulating Tips<br />

In general, the time and temperature conditions of cure will determine the correct catalyst <strong>for</strong> the application.<br />

Strong acids with typical pKa strengths of approximately 0.5-0.7 should give equivalent rates of cure at<br />

equal molar concentrations of the acid group. Blocked catalysts will demand higher temperatures <strong>for</strong> full<br />

activation, and the pKa of the blocking agent attached to the acid will also influence the rate of reactivity.<br />

The charts which follow on the next page provide general in<strong>for</strong>mation on typical catalyst use levels by acid<br />

type based on a 30 minute cure schedule <strong>for</strong> a typical binder resin/HMMM ratio of 75/25. A ladder study of<br />

catalyst levels should be conducted to optimize the <strong>for</strong>mulation.<br />

Do not over catalyze. Using too much catalyst can be a costly mistake and one that can cause film<br />

properties to suffer significantly.<br />

NACURE ® & K-CURE ® ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

Pages 11 & 12

Formulating In<strong>for</strong>mation - Use Levels<br />

NACURE & K-CURE ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS<br />

Catalysts - Typical Use Levels<br />

The charts below can be used as a starting point<br />

guideline. The suggested cure schedules are based<br />

upon a 30 minute cure <strong>for</strong> typical Resin/HMMM<br />

(75/25 ratio) coatings.<br />

Acid Catalysts - Typical Use Levels<br />

Catalyst Use Level, % by Weight<br />

2.75<br />

2.5<br />

2.25<br />

2<br />

1.75<br />

1.5<br />

1.25<br />

1<br />

0.75<br />

0.5<br />

0.25<br />

The percentage of catalyst shown is as supplied<br />

based on total resin solids.<br />

Once a schedule is established, a ladder study<br />

should be conducted to optimize the <strong>for</strong>mulation.<br />

N-1051 (DNNSA)<br />

N-155 (DNNDSA) K-1040 (pTSA) N-5076 (DDBSA)<br />

0<br />

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210<br />

Blocked Catalysts - Typical Use Levels<br />

Catalyst Use Level, % by Weight<br />

6.5<br />

6<br />

5.5<br />

5<br />

4.5<br />

4<br />

3.5<br />

3<br />

2.5<br />

2<br />

1.5<br />

Cure Temperature, °C<br />

Blocked DNNSA<br />

Blocked DNNDSA or DDBSA<br />

Blocked pTSA<br />

1<br />

0.5<br />

0<br />

60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210<br />

Cure Temperature, °C

K-KAT ® Non-Tin, Mercury-Free Urethane Catalysts<br />

K-KAT ® catalysts are metal compounds that are<br />

designed to accelerate the reaction of polyols with<br />

isocyanates. These catalysts are more<br />

environmentally acceptable than catalysts that<br />

contain tin or mercury.<br />

K-KAT catalysts are used in a wide range of urethane<br />

applications including coatings, elastomers and in<br />

prepolymer synthesis.<br />

Waterborne<br />

K-KAT XK-614<br />

Add to polyol side<br />

Efficient/Selective<br />

2K Polyurethane<br />

Solventborne<br />

K-KAT XK-614<br />

Efficient<br />

Selective<br />

Tin alternative (coatings)<br />

K-KAT catalysts additionally offer a number of<br />

per<strong>for</strong>mance advantages, including:<br />

• Selectivity in the presence of moisture<br />

(less gassing)<br />

• Improved pot life/cure time relationship<br />

• Mercury-like cure profile in elastomers<br />

• Less toxic than tin and mercury catalysts<br />

• Catalysis of secondary hydroxyl groups<br />

• Cold temperature cure response<br />

K-KAT Catalyst Selection Chart - <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

K-KAT XK-614<br />

Efficient<br />

Most stable<br />

1K Blocked NCO<br />

Solventborne<br />

Powder<br />

K-KAT XK-602<br />

Uretdione<br />

Crosslinked<br />

K-KAT ® URETHANE CATALYSTS<br />

K-KAT 6212<br />

Add to NCO side<br />

Selective<br />

K-KAT 348<br />

Efficient<br />

Non-yellowing<br />

K-KAT 348<br />

Efficient<br />

Non-yellowing<br />

K-KAT 4205<br />

Selective<br />

Fast tack free time<br />

Prepolymer Synthesis<br />

K-KAT 348<br />

Efficient<br />

Non-persistent<br />

K-KAT XC-9213<br />

Selective<br />

Non-persistent<br />

Pages 13 & 14

K-KAT Catalyst Selection Chart - Elastomers & Epoxy Systems<br />

Hg alternative (elastomers)<br />

Epoxies*<br />

Cure Profile<br />

(Closest to Hg)<br />

Amide<br />

(DICY)<br />

Acid<br />

Anhydride<br />

K-KAT ® URETHANE CATALYSTS<br />

K-KAT XK-618<br />

Best Compatibility<br />

K-KAT XK-617<br />

K-KAT XK-604<br />

Best Selectivity<br />

(less gassing)<br />

K-KAT Catalysts <strong>for</strong> <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

K-KAT Metal Use Levels<br />

(% on resin solids)<br />

K-KAT ® 602<br />

Powder<br />

K-KAT ® 614<br />

SB & 100% Solids<br />

Attributes<br />

348 Bi carboxylate 0.03 -1.0 Similar to DBTDL—effective in 2K and blocked isocyanate coatings<br />

XK-601 Bi carboxylate 0.5 - 1.5% Blocked isocyanate coatings and elastomers.<br />

5218 Al Chelate 1.0 - 2.0 Excellent 2K urethane pot life when used with 2,4-pentanedione.<br />

XK-602 Metal Complex 1.0 - 5.0 Designed <strong>for</strong> uretdione crosslinked powder coatings.<br />

K-KAT ® 614<br />

SB & 100% Solids<br />

* Please see<br />

NACURE ® SUPER<br />

Catalysts (Page 18)<br />

<strong>for</strong> additional<br />

products <strong>for</strong><br />

epoxy catalysis.<br />

XK-614 Metal Complex 0.5 - 3.0 Most versatile. Effective in 2K waterborne, 2K solventborne and<br />

blocked isocyanate systems. Can also be effective in urethane elastomer<br />

and epoxy systems.<br />

4205 Zr chelate 1.0 - 2.0 Good pot life, recommended <strong>for</strong> 2K coatings. Selective catalysis (less<br />

gassing).<br />

6212 Zr chelate 0.3 - 1.0 Selective coating/elastomer catalysis (less gassing). Good elastomer<br />

gel profile. Add to NCO.<br />

A209 Zr chelate 0.05 - 1.0 Selective coating/elastomer catalysis (less gassing). Good elastomer<br />

gel profile. Add to NCO.<br />

XC-9213 Zr Chelate 0.05 - 1.0 In addition to uses in pre-polymer synthesis, XC-9213 is used in cast<br />

elastomers as an alternative to Hg catalysts.<br />

K-KAT Catalysts <strong>for</strong> Elastomers<br />

XK-604 Mixed carboxylate 0.1 - 0.5 Very good gel profile in ambient cure 2K urethane elastomer systems.<br />

XK-617 Mixed carboxylate 0.1 - 0.5 Excellent gel profile in ambient cured 2K urethane elastomer systems.<br />

Slightly less selective than XK-604.<br />

XK-618 Mixed carboxylate 0.1 - 0.5 Best gel profile in ambient cured 2K urethane elastomer systems. Less<br />

selective than XK-617.

K-KAT <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> In <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

K-KAT 348 is a bismuth carboxylate that can be<br />

used in blocked isocyanate and two component<br />

urethane systems offering:<br />

• Properties comparable to tin catalysts<br />

• Excellent exterior durability<br />

• Non-yellowing characteristics<br />

• Excellent gloss retention<br />

• Catalysis of secondary OH groups<br />

K-KAT XK-601offers:<br />

Bismuth Carboxylates<br />

K-KAT 348 & XK-601<br />

• Improved hydrolytic stability over<br />

K-KAT 348<br />

XK-601 is recommended <strong>for</strong> blocked isocyanate<br />

systems and e-coat applications.<br />

Zirconium Chelates<br />

K-KAT 4205, 6212, A209 and XC-9213<br />

K-KAT 4205 and 6212 are zirconium chelates used<br />

in 2K urethane coatings. Advantages include:<br />

• Fast cure, selective catalysis (less gassing)<br />

• Suitability <strong>for</strong> extreme conditions such as<br />

cold or humidity<br />

• Excellent exterior durability<br />

• Good pot life<br />

K-KAT 4205 is unique in that it can be added to the<br />

polyol side. It is recommended <strong>for</strong> use in solventborne<br />

2K coatings.<br />

K-KAT 6212 must be added to the isocyanate component.<br />

It is recommended <strong>for</strong> 2K waterborne systems<br />

and 2K high solids coatings and RIM applications<br />

where plural component and in-line mixing<br />

systems are used.<br />

Metal Complex <strong>for</strong> Powder <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

K-KAT XK-602<br />

K-KAT XK-602 is designed to provide lower curing<br />

temperatures in uretdione crosslinked powder<br />

coatings. It can also be used to cure caprolactam<br />

blocked isocyanate powder coatings. Advantages<br />

include:<br />

• Lower cure temperatures<br />

• Non-yellowing<br />

• Excellent gloss retention<br />

• Excellent exterior durability<br />

MEK Rubs, 2X<br />

250<br />

200<br />

150<br />

100<br />

50<br />

0<br />

Uretdione/Polyester Catalysis<br />

No Catalyst<br />

Cure:<br />

2.5% K-KAT XK-602<br />

20'/160 C. 20'/200 C.<br />

Aluminum Chelate<br />

K-KAT 5218<br />

K-KAT 5218 can be used in both baked and<br />

ambient cured 2K urethane systems offering:<br />

• Synergy with pot life extenders such as<br />

2,4 - Pentanedione<br />

• Excellent exterior durability<br />

K-KAT ® URETHANE CATALYSTS<br />

Pages 15 & 16

K-KAT <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> In <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

K-KAT ® URETHANE CATALYSTS<br />

Metal Complex <strong>for</strong> HS & WB <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

K-KAT XK-614<br />

K-KAT XK-614 is a zinc complex catalyst <strong>for</strong> urethane<br />

coatings. Advantages include:<br />

• Excellent hydrolytic stability<br />

• Excellent pot life in 2K WB urethanes<br />

• Selective catalysis of the polyol/isocyanate<br />

reaction in the presence of moisture<br />

• Excellent film properties<br />

K-KAT XK-614 has demonstrated excellent hydrolytic<br />

stability and an increased tendency to selectively<br />

accelerate the polyol/isocyanate reaction in<br />

the presence of moisture. These two characteristics<br />

make K-KAT XK-614 suitable <strong>for</strong> 2K waterborne<br />

urethane coating systems.<br />

A good indicator of pot life, or workable time, of a<br />

2K waterborne urethane paints is gloss of cured<br />

films cast with aged paint. After the two components<br />

are combined, the aging process begins in<br />

the pot as polyol and water compete <strong>for</strong> free isocyanate<br />

groups. Gloss of films cast with aged paint<br />

is reduced as more water reacts with isocyanate in<br />

the pot.<br />

The graph below demonstrates superior selectivity<br />

of K-KAT XK-614 in a white 2K waterborne urethane<br />

system. The graph plots gloss of films cast<br />

immediately after mixing and films cast on hour<br />

intervals after mixing.<br />

GLOSS STUDY - K-KAT XK-614/DBTDL<br />

2K Waterborne Urethane<br />

Hardness development of ambient cured films cast<br />

immediately after mixing is illustrated in the graph<br />

below. Hardness of the films catalyzed with K-KAT<br />

XK-614 and DBTDL was similar after one day, but<br />

the K-KAT XK-614 film developed higher hardness<br />

after three and seven days.<br />

Pendulum Hardness, Cycles<br />

HARDNESS STUDY - K-KAT XK-614/DBTDL<br />

2K Waterborne Urethane<br />

100<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

20<br />

0<br />

1 3 7<br />

Film Age - Days<br />

XK-614 DBTDL no cat<br />

60° Gloss<br />

90<br />

80<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

XK-614<br />

DBTDL<br />

No Catalyst<br />

0 1 2 3 4 5<br />

Film Age - Hours

K-KAT <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> In Elastomers<br />

K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618<br />

K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618<br />

are organometallic complexes that are environmentally<br />

acceptable alternatives to toxic mercury<br />

catalysts. Advantages include:<br />

• Excellent gel profile in elastomeric systems<br />

• Contain no mercury, tin or lead<br />

• Efficiency<br />

• Cost advantage<br />

The graph below depicts gel profiles of a polyether<br />

triol/MDI prepolymer system. The profile of the<br />

system catalyzed with K-KAT XK-618 approaches<br />

the organomercury catalyzed profile. Similar gel profiles<br />

are possible with K-KAT XK-604 and K-KAT<br />

XK-617.<br />

Moisture content of 2K urethane elastomers should<br />

be minimized to avoid gassing. However, some<br />

degree of moisture being present is often inevitable.<br />

Of the three, K-KAT XK604 would be recommended<br />

if gassing is a concern.<br />

Viscosity (Pa.s)<br />

5000<br />

4500<br />

4000<br />

3500<br />

3000<br />

2500<br />

2000<br />

150 0<br />

1000<br />

GEL PROFILE STUDY - K-KAT XK-618<br />

Polyether Triol/MDI Prepolymer<br />

500<br />

0<br />

K-KAT XK-618<br />

Mercury Catalyst<br />

Competitor A<br />

0 10 20 30 40<br />

Time (min.)<br />

There is a potential cost advantage with K-KAT<br />

XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618<br />

compared to commercially available mercury<br />

catalysts. The catalyst levels used in the gel<br />

profile study are illustrated in the graph below.<br />

These catalyst levels provided similar gel times.<br />

Along with lower dose requirements, the K-KAT<br />

catalysts have a lower price compared to commercial<br />

mercury catalysts.<br />

GEL PROFILE STUDY - Catalyst Concentration<br />

Polyether Triol/MDI Prepolymer<br />

% Catalyst<br />

0.6<br />

0.5<br />

0.4<br />

0.3<br />

0.2<br />

0.1<br />

0<br />

Hg Catalyst XK-604 XK-617 XK-618<br />

Urethane elastomer <strong>for</strong>mulations are often modified<br />

with low molecular weight chain extending<br />

diols to enhance certain properties. A commonly<br />

used low molecular weight diol is 1,4-butanediol.<br />

Compatibility of metal carboxylate catalysts in<br />

1,4-butanediol is limited. As demonstrated in the<br />

image below, K-KAT XK-618 is much more<br />

compatible with 1,4-butanediol compared to a<br />

bismuth carboxylate catalyst. K-KAT XK-618 can<br />

be used in non-foam applications provided a very<br />

low moisture content is maintained.<br />

K-KAT XK-618<br />

Catalyst<br />

Compatibility<br />

LMW Diols<br />

K-KAT ® URETHANE CATALYSTS<br />

Pages 17 & 18

NACURE ® LATENT & SUPER CATALYSTS FOR EPOXY<br />

NACURE ® SUPER - Latent Catalysts<br />

<strong>for</strong> the Thermal Cure of Epoxy Resin Systems<br />

<strong>King</strong> has developed NACURE Super catalysts <strong>for</strong><br />

the thermal cure of epoxy resins, and NACURE<br />

metal chelates <strong>for</strong> the epoxy-carboxy or epoxyanhydride<br />

crosslinking reaction.<br />

These catalysts permit the <strong>for</strong>mulation of room<br />

temperature stable, heat reactive coatings, which<br />

offer the following advantages :<br />

• Formaldehyde-free <strong>for</strong>mulations<br />

• Up to 100% solids<br />

• Cure as low as 80°C<br />

• No volatile reaction products<br />

• Low shrinkage<br />

• <strong>High</strong> chemical resistance<br />

• Excellent mechanical properties<br />

Product Selection <strong>for</strong> Epoxy Catalysis<br />

Amide<br />

(DICY)<br />

K-KAT ® 602<br />

Powder<br />

K-KAT ® 614<br />

SB & 100% Solids<br />

K-KAT ® 614<br />

SB & 100% Solids<br />

NACURE SUPER<br />

The NACURE Super catalysts are based on very<br />

strong acids, such as hexafluoroantimonate or triflic<br />

acid and can be used in conjunction with<br />

cycloaliphatic epoxies, glycidyl ester and glycidyl<br />

ether resins.<br />

Polymerization of the epoxy resin occurs via a<br />

cationic mechanism, thus allowing reaction with<br />

hydroxyl, lactone, oxetane or vinyl functional<br />

groups. <strong>High</strong> solids or solventless coatings <strong>for</strong> high<br />

speed or low temperature applications can be<br />

obtained using this technology.<br />

NACURE Super catalysts are <strong>for</strong>mulated <strong>for</strong> use in<br />

solvent-free, high solids and waterborne coatings.<br />

Catalysts based on hexafluoroantimonate<br />

(NACURE 7231) cannot be used in waterborne<br />

systems.<br />

Acid<br />

Anhydride<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER A218<br />

NACURE 9206<br />

Epoxy Carboxyl and<br />

Anhydride<br />

Epoxy<br />

Hydroxyl<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER 7231<br />

Best Overall<br />

SB & 100% Solids<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER A233<br />

Solventborne<br />

*K-KAT ® product in<strong>for</strong>mation can be found starting<br />

on page 14.<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER A202<br />

Waterborne

NACURE ® Super Catalysts <strong>for</strong> Epoxy Polymerization<br />

PRODUCT Composition %<br />

Active<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER<br />

A202<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER<br />

A218<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER<br />

A233<br />

NACURE<br />

SUPER<br />

7231<br />

NACURE<br />

9206<br />

Metal Salt of<br />

Triflic Acid<br />

in Water<br />

Metal Salt of<br />

Triflic Acid<br />

in n-Butanol<br />

Amine Salt of<br />

Triflic Acid in<br />

Water/Solvent<br />

Ammonium<br />

Antimony<br />

Hexafluoride<br />

Formulating Considerations<br />

Specific<br />

Gravity<br />

25°C<br />

25 1.19<br />

25 1.02<br />

60 1.16<br />

100 1.54<br />

Metal<br />

Chelate 78 1.07<br />

Form<br />

Solvent Compatibility - NACURE Super 7231 is<br />

a solid catalyst, and predilution with propylene<br />

carbonate is recommended. Other suitable solvents<br />

include acetone, methanol and citrate esters.<br />

Solutions are less stable than the solid catalyst and<br />

changes in <strong>for</strong>mulation stability on ageing can<br />

occur. If a precut is kept <strong>for</strong> an extended period of<br />

time, there will be a noticeable color shift. There<strong>for</strong>e,<br />

it is recommended that all precuts be made and<br />

used as needed. Precutting in epoxy functional<br />

diluents is not recommended.<br />

Sensitivity - Due to the strength of these acids,<br />

they are sensitive to basic materials. Thus, cure can<br />

be inhibited by basic substrates, pigments or<br />

resins.<br />

Avoid the use of nitrogen bearing compounds. It has<br />

been observed that A202, A218 and A233, are less<br />

sensitive than 7231 to substrate inhibition.<br />

Ambient Cure - NACURE Super catalysts are<br />

designed <strong>for</strong> thermal cure (80°C and above).<br />

Although products like A218 have demonstrated<br />

cure at ambient temperatures, the concentrations<br />

required do not make this a cost-effective approach.<br />

Typical Use Levels<br />

(catalyst solids on<br />

total resin solids)<br />

DSC*<br />

Activation<br />

Temperature<br />

Clear<br />

Liquid 0.1 - 2% 90°C<br />

Clear<br />

Liquid 0.01 - 3% 90°C<br />

Amber<br />

Liquid 0.01 - 3% 160°C<br />

White<br />

Crystals 0.01 - 3% 90°C<br />

<strong>Coatings</strong> Stability - Given the highly reactive<br />

nature of the Nacure Super catalysts, under certain<br />

conditions coating stability may suffer. In these<br />

instances, stability can be improved by addition of a<br />

weak base such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to the<br />

<strong>for</strong>mulation in the range of 0.2 - 3.2%. If added in<br />

excess, cure will be hindered. As with all catalysts, a<br />

cure ladder study is recommended to optimize both<br />

cure and stability.<br />

NACURE Epoxy-Carboxyl Catalysts<br />

NACURE XC-9206 is a metal chelate catalyst <strong>for</strong><br />

the reaction of epoxy groups with carboxyl,<br />

anhydride or phenolic groups. It offers exceptional<br />

stability at room temperature and fast cure at elevated<br />

temperatures. In comparison to amine<br />

hardeners it does not promote yellowing and the<br />

films have improved resistance properties.<br />

Additional Offerings<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

Catalyst <strong>for</strong> various ring opening<br />

polymerization reactions, electronic<br />

encapsulations, castings<br />

and WB epoxy dispersions.<br />

Catalyst <strong>for</strong> various ring opening<br />

polymerization reactions, electronic<br />

encapsulations, castings,<br />

2K coatings.<br />

Cationic heat cure of inks, adhesives<br />

and coatings.<br />

Cationic heat cure of inks, adhesives<br />

and coatings. Cycloaliphatic<br />

resins - Cure temperature > 80°C.<br />

NACURE 9206 <strong>for</strong> Epoxy-Carboxyl Curing<br />

Tan/<br />

Clear<br />

Liquid<br />

0.03 - 3% __<br />

Thermal cured epoxy-carboxyl or<br />

epoxy-anhydride reactions.<br />

Automotive clearcoats, can and<br />

coil coatings. Cure temp. >120°C<br />

* DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimeter - Ramp 40°F increment per minute to 600° F . Catalyst concentration - 1% solids on epoxy solids.<br />

Cycloaliphatic diexpoxide with epoxy equivalent weight 131-143.<br />

Formulating Considerations<br />

<strong>King</strong> offers additional catalysts <strong>for</strong> epoxy systems<br />

under its K-PURE ® tradename. Found on <strong>King</strong>’s<br />

website, this family of catalysts, developed <strong>for</strong> the<br />

electronics industry, include non-antimony catalysts<br />

with higher activation temperatures and higher<br />

purity.<br />

NACURE ® LATENT & SUPER CATALYSTS FOR EPOXY<br />

Pages 19 & 20

K-STAY ® Rheology Modifiers<br />

K-STAY ® RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS<br />

K-STAY rheology modifiers are available <strong>for</strong> both<br />

solventborne and waterborne coatings. Specifically:<br />

K-STAY 501 based on unique sulfonate technology<br />

<strong>for</strong> non-aqueous pigmented systems.<br />

The 700 Series based on Hydrophobically Modified<br />

Ethoxylated Urethane Associative Thickeners<br />

(HEUR) <strong>for</strong> waterborne systems.<br />

Both types offer shear thinning capabilities <strong>for</strong> spray,<br />

dip, roller or brush application.<br />

K-STAY 501 is designed to prevent sag and settling<br />

without affecting gloss in non-aqueous pigmented<br />

systems. It is effective in both ambient and high temperature<br />

systems. Supplied as a pourable fluid, it can<br />

be used in high gloss applications with little or no effect<br />

on the final gloss of the system.<br />

Product Selection Chart<br />

Solvent Based Systems<br />

K-STAY 501<br />

Liquid Overbased Sulfonate<br />

Rheology Modifier<br />

Industrial <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

PRODUCT Composition %<br />

Active<br />

Treat<br />

Levels<br />

Advantages of K-STAY 501:<br />

• Improves sag resistance<br />

• Reduces pigment settling<br />

• No effect on gloss<br />

• Pourable - easy to handle<br />

The K-STAY 700 Series has been designed to<br />

offer <strong>for</strong>mulators of waterborne systems a range of<br />

products to obtain a specific rheological profile and<br />

per<strong>for</strong>mance attributes. Advantages include:<br />

• Excellent sag control<br />

• Zero VOC’s<br />

• Ease of incorporation<br />

• Pseudoplastic profile<br />

• Liquid and 100% solid free flowing<br />

powder products<br />

• Good sprayability<br />

Liquid Product<br />

K-STAY 730<br />

Liquid HEUR<br />

Industrial and<br />

Maintenance<br />

<strong>Coatings</strong><br />

Waterborne Systems<br />

Powder Product<br />

K-STAY 740<br />

Powder HEUR<br />

Paint, Caulk and<br />

Sealants<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

For Solvent-borne Systems<br />

K-STAY<br />

501<br />

Calcium Sulfonate<br />

Light Aromatic Naphtha 50 0.5 - 3%<br />

For solventborne systems, including polyester/<br />

melamine, acrylic/melamine, alkyd/melamine, 2K<br />

urethanes and epoxies.<br />

Associative Thickeners For Waterborne Systems<br />

K-STAY<br />

730<br />

HEUR Thickener<br />

Water<br />

50 0.5 - 4% <strong>High</strong> shear thinning, used to increase low and<br />

medium shear viscosity. Well suited <strong>for</strong> high film<br />

build, spray applied applications.<br />

K-STAY<br />

740<br />

HEUR Thickener 100 0.2 - 1% Supplied as solid free flowing powder. Shear<br />

thinning, provides increase to low and medium shear<br />

rate viscosities. Easy to handle.<br />

* HEUR - Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane Thickener

K-STAY 501 <strong>for</strong> Solventborne Systems<br />

EASY TO POUR<br />

K-STAY 501<br />

K-STAY 501’s pseudoplastic<br />

rheology increases<br />

low shear viscosity to prevent<br />

settling and sagging, but maintains low viscosity<br />

during application. Unlike most thixotropic<br />

additives that give inconsistent properties in dip<br />

coatings, K-STAY 501 will impart the same viscosities<br />

independent of previous shear profiles.<br />

At higher shear rates such as brush, spray, roll,<br />

etc., the network resulting from K-STAY 501<br />

breaks down, system viscosity is reduced, but immediately<br />

re<strong>for</strong>ms when shear is reduced. This<br />

“shear thinning” characteristic allows <strong>for</strong> low application<br />

viscosity and good atomization when<br />

spray applied. After application, the viscosity increases<br />

to prevent sagging.<br />

Use Levels & <strong>Inc</strong>orporation<br />

K-STAY 501 is typically used at concentrations of<br />

0.5% to 3% on total <strong>for</strong>mula weight. <strong>High</strong>er levels can<br />

be used where maximum film build is required.<br />

K-STAY 501 is best incorporated at the pigment<br />

dispersion stage or can be conveniently post added.<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

K-STAY 501 was evaluated against other common<br />

rheology modifiers in a polyester melamine bake<br />

coating at their recommended use levels .The<br />

K-STAY 501 modified coating had the best gloss and<br />

best sag resistance. <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> is shown in the<br />

table below.<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> Criteria K-STAY 501 Organoclay Oxidized Polyethylene Fumed Silica<br />

Use level, % 1 1 2 1<br />

Sag, 350°C 6 mil 3 mil 1.5 mil 1.5 mil<br />

60° Gloss 93 44 88 47<br />

Brookfield Viscosity - 6 rpm, cPs 1800 440 360 940<br />

Brookfield Viscosity - 60 rpm, cPs 530 250 270 370<br />

Shear Thinning Index - STI 6/60 3.4 1.8 1.3 2.5<br />

The graph below illustrates the rheological profiles<br />

of the K-STAY 700 Series <strong>for</strong> waterborne systems.<br />

The bottom brown line represents the control<br />

<strong>for</strong>mulation.<br />

As shown, adding a low to medium shear thickener<br />

(K-STAY 740) provides some shear thinning and is<br />

suitable <strong>for</strong> coatings applications, i.e. roll, brush or<br />

dip. Adding a high shear thinning modifier<br />

(K-STAY 730) provides excellent spray properties.<br />

K-STAY 700 Series<br />

Rheology Profiles<br />

700 Series <strong>for</strong> Waterborne Systems<br />

K-STAY 730<br />

K-STAY 730 is a zero VOC, hydrophobically<br />

modified urethane thickener with pseudoplastic<br />

characteristics. It is ideally suited <strong>for</strong> high film build,<br />

spray applied <strong>for</strong>mulations.<br />

K-STAY 740<br />

K-STAY 740 is 100% solids free flowing powder.<br />

It complies with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 <strong>for</strong> (indirect<br />

contact such as adhesives <strong>for</strong> food packaging) and<br />

175.300 <strong>for</strong> direct contact coatings. It is ideal <strong>for</strong> use<br />

in paints, caulks and sealants.<br />

K-STAY ® RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS<br />

Viscosity<br />

K-STAY 730 - <strong>for</strong> spray applications<br />

K-STAY 740 - <strong>for</strong> roll, dip,<br />

flow and brush applications<br />

<strong>Inc</strong>orporation<br />

K-STAY 730 can be added in grind or let-down<br />

where predilution with water will ease incorporation.<br />

K-STAY 740 can be added directly to the pigment<br />

grind. If post-added, it is recommended to prepare a<br />

pourable gel prior to addition.<br />

Control<br />

Pages 21 & 22<br />

Shear Rate

APPLICATION - QUICK REFERENCE CHART<br />

SYSTEM KEY (Font Color)<br />

Solvent Based Waterborne Powder UV<br />

APPLICATIONS (A-H)<br />

Adhesives Aerospace Appliances Automotive<br />

Primers<br />

NACURE & K-CURE CATALYSTS<br />

NACURE SUPER CATALYSTS<br />

K-KAT CATALYSTS<br />

1040, 155<br />

1040W, 155, 3525<br />

XC-7231, A218 A233,<br />

A202, XC-7231,<br />

1051, 1323, 1953<br />

X49-110, 3525<br />

X49-110, 3525<br />

155, 3525, X49-110<br />

348, XK-604, 6212, A209 5218, 6212, A209, XK-614 348, XK-602 6212, A209<br />

K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS<br />

188, A308, XM-332,<br />

188, A308,<br />

188, A307, XM-332<br />

188, A308,<br />

188, A307, XM-332<br />

188, A308,<br />

188, A307, XM-332, A308<br />

188, A308<br />

K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES<br />

7301, XM-B301,<br />

UD-350W, XM-B301,<br />

7301, XM-B301, 320W,<br />

350W, XM-B301, 7301<br />

320, 320-100<br />

320W, 350W<br />

320<br />

320W, 350W<br />

K-STAY RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS 740 501 501, 730<br />

K-SPERSE DISPERSANTS A503, A504 152, A503, 6501, 6502 152, A503<br />

NACORR CORROSION INHIBITORS<br />

DISPARLON THIXOTROPES<br />

1151, 1552, 1352, 1652<br />

6401, 6402<br />

1552, 1151<br />

1352, 1652<br />

6100, 6200, 6100, 6200 6900-20X, PFA-231 AQ-600, AQ-607<br />

DISPARLON DEFOAMING UVX-188, 189,190 OX-60, OX-70 1970, LAP -10 AQ-501<br />

DISPARLON LEVELING<br />

LCN 400, L-1984 LCN 400, L-1984 LHP-91, LHP-95, AQ-200<br />

UVX 35, 36, 39<br />

APPLICATIONS (I-Z)<br />

<strong>Inks</strong><br />

Maintenance<br />

Marine<br />

Metal Decorating<br />

Paper<br />

NACURE & K-CURE CATALYSTS<br />

155, 1051<br />

155, 3525, 1040W<br />

X49-110, 155, 1040<br />

155, 3525, 1040W<br />

NACURE SUPER CATALYSTS<br />

XC-7231<br />

A233, A202<br />

XC-7231, A218, A233<br />

A202, XC-7231<br />

K-KAT CATALYSTS<br />

K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS<br />

K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES<br />

188, A307, XM-332<br />

188, A308, 188, A307<br />

320-100<br />

350W<br />

4205, 5218,<br />

6212, A209, XK-614<br />

188, A308, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

XM-B301, 7301<br />

350W<br />

4205, 5218, 6212, A209<br />

XK-602<br />

188, A307, XM-332<br />

188, A308,<br />

320<br />

320W, 350W,<br />

K-STAY RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS 730 730<br />

K-SPERSE DISPERSANTS 131, 152, A504 152, A503 152, A503, 6501, 6502 A504<br />

188, A308, XM-332<br />

188, A308,<br />

320, 320-100<br />

320W, 350W,<br />

NACORR CORROSION INHIBITORS<br />

DISPARLON THIXOTROPES<br />

DISPARLON DEFOAMING<br />

DISPARLON LEVELING<br />

1352, 1552, 1352, 1652 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 1151,1552, 1352, 1652,<br />

6401, 6402<br />

6900-20X,<br />

AQ-607, AQ-610<br />

F-9030, 6500, 6650, 6700<br />

AQ-607, AQ-610,<br />

OX-60, OX-70<br />

6900-20X, PFA-231<br />

LAP-10, LAP-20<br />

UVX-188,189,190<br />

UVX-35, 36, 39 L-1983, L-1984 LCN 400, L-1984<br />

PL 545, UVX 35,36,39

While not all inclusive, this quick reference chart has been designed to offer two starting point product choices by<br />

application - solvent based systems (font-black), waterborne (font-blue), powder (brown font) and UV (purple - font).<br />

Please refer to each product section <strong>for</strong> additional choices, systems and selection criteria.<br />

Automotive<br />

Basecoat/Topcoat<br />

Can Coil (PCM) E-Coat Elastomers/Foam General Industrial<br />

5225, 5528, 2500, 3525<br />

2500, 5225, 2547<br />

348, 4205<br />

6212, A209, XK-614<br />

188, A307, XM-332, A308<br />

188, A308,<br />

320<br />

320W, 350W<br />

5076, 5925, 155, 3525<br />

2500, 2558, 3525<br />

188, A307, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

1323, 1419, 1953, 2107<br />

2500, X49-110, 3525<br />

1051, NACORR 1552<br />

Acrylic Anodic<br />

XC-7231 XC-7231, A218, A233, A202,<br />

XC-7231, A233, XC-7231<br />

2500, 155, X49-110<br />

2547, 2500, X49-110, 3525<br />

348 348, XK-601 348, XK-604, XK-618 4205, 5218, 6212, A209<br />

XK-602<br />

A307, 148, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

320<br />

320W, 350W<br />

188, 148, A308<br />

188, A308<br />

188, A308, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

188, 148, XM-332, A308<br />

188, A308,<br />

320<br />

320W, 350W<br />

501 501, 730<br />

A503, A504 152, A503 152, A503, 6501, 6502<br />

1352, 1552 1352, 1552 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652<br />

6401, 6402<br />

6900-20X, PFA-231<br />

AQ-600, AQ-607<br />

6100, 6200 6900-20X, PFA-231<br />

AQ-600, AQ-607, 6100, 6200<br />

OX-60, 881 LAP -10 OX-60,OX-70,UVX188,189,190<br />

LHP-91, LHP-96, AQ-200<br />

PL-545<br />

LCN 400, L-1984<br />

LCN 400, L-1984, AQ-200,<br />

PL 545, UVX-35, 36, 39<br />

Prepolymers Refinish Resin Synthesis Sealants Stain/Varnishes Wood<br />

155, 1040<br />

155, 1040W<br />

1040, 155<br />

1040W, 155<br />

XC-7231<br />

2500, 5225<br />

2547, 155<br />

XC-7231, A218, A233, A202<br />

XC-7231, A233, XC-7231<br />

6212, A209, 6212, A209 4205, 6212, A209, XK-614 XK-604, A209 348, XK-604, XK-618<br />

188, A308, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

320-100<br />

320-100<br />

188, A307, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

188, A308, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

A307, A308<br />

188, A308<br />

188, A308, XM-332<br />

188, A308<br />

XM-B301, 7301 320-100 XM-B301, 7301 320, 320-100<br />

320W, 350W<br />

501<br />

A503, A504 152, A503<br />

1151, 1552<br />

1352, 1652<br />

6900-20X, PFA-231<br />

AQ-600, AQ-607<br />

OX-60, OX-70,<br />

UVX 188, 189, 190<br />

LHP 90, 95<br />

UVX 35, 36, 39<br />

6500, 6200<br />

6100<br />

A671-EZ, 670-20M<br />

AQ-607, AQ-610<br />

A671-EZ, 670-20M<br />

AQ-607, AQ-610<br />

1950 1950, LAP-30<br />

UVX 35, 36, 39<br />

LAP-10,20,30<br />

UVX 35, 36, 39

K-FLEX ® Polyester Polyols,<br />

Urethane Diols and Specialty Modifiers<br />

K-FLEX ® describes three distinct product lines of<br />

specialty polyols and resin modifiers consisting of<br />

the following chemistries:<br />

K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS are novel, water<br />

soluble, low molecular weight diols with an<br />

all-urethane backbone.<br />

K-FLEX ® RESIN MODIFIERS<br />

K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS are based upon<br />

low molecular weight linear, saturated, aliphatic<br />

structures with pendant hydroxyl groups.<br />

PRODUCT SELECTION CHARTS<br />

Solvent Based<br />

K-FLEX 148<br />

Flow & Leveling<br />

K-FLEX 188<br />

Plastics<br />

Adhesion<br />

K-FLEX 7301<br />

Corrosion<br />

Resistance<br />

Primer<br />

Waterborne<br />

K-FLEX<br />

UD-320W/350W<br />

Flow & Leveling<br />

Adhesion<br />

Hardness and<br />

Co-solvent<br />

Replacement<br />

K-FLEX SPECIALTY PRODUCTS include two<br />

100% active, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents.<br />

K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are particularly<br />

effective in epoxy/polyamide primers and systems<br />

crosslinked with amino resins or polyisocyanates.<br />

Melamine/Urea Crosslinked Systems<br />

Solvent Based<br />

K-FLEX 188<br />

Hardness<br />

Flexibility<br />

K-FLEX A308<br />

Lower VOC<br />

K-FLEX XM-332<br />

Lowest VOC<br />

Basecoat<br />

Waterborne<br />

K-FLEX<br />

UD-320W/350W<br />

Flow & Leveling<br />

Hardness<br />

Co-Solvent<br />

Replacement<br />

K-FLEX A308<br />

More Hydrophobic<br />

Better Flexibility<br />

Topcoat/Clearcoat<br />

Solvent Based<br />

K-FLEX 188<br />

Best Exterior<br />

Durability<br />

Hardness &<br />

Flexibility<br />

K-FLEX A308<br />

Best Mar/Scratch<br />

Resistance<br />

K-FLEX XM-332<br />

Lowest VOC<br />

Waterborne<br />

K-FLEX<br />

UD-320W/350W<br />

Co-Solvent<br />

Replacement<br />

<strong>High</strong>er Gloss<br />

SOLVENT<br />

BASED<br />

2K Epoxy, Primers<br />

and<br />

Adhesives<br />

K-FLEX B301<br />

Most<br />

Hydrophobic<br />

K-FLEX 7301<br />

Lighter Color<br />

Lower Viscosity<br />

Solvent Based<br />

K-FLEX 188<br />

Exterior Durability<br />

Balance Hardness<br />

and Flexibility<br />

K-FLEX A308<br />

Softer - Lower VOC<br />

Good Balance<br />

Hardness/Flexibility<br />

K-FLEX XM-332<br />

Lowest VOC<br />

K-FLEX A307<br />

Lowest NCO<br />

Demand<br />

2K Urethanes<br />

Solventless Waterborne Cast Elastomers<br />

(2K Polyurethane)<br />

K-FLEX A308<br />

Good Balance<br />

Hardness/Flexibility<br />

K-FLEX XM-332<br />

Softer<br />

Lowest VOC<br />

K-FLEX 188<br />

Most Hydrophobic<br />

Best Hydrolytic<br />

Stability<br />

K-FLEX A308<br />

Easier<br />

<strong>Inc</strong>orporation<br />

K-FLEX 188<br />

Most Resilient<br />

<strong>High</strong>est Bayshore<br />

Rebound<br />

K-FLEX A308<br />

Good Resilience<br />

Softer<br />

Lower VOC<br />

K-FLEX XM-332<br />

Softest<br />

Lowest VOC<br />

Energy Absorbing

K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are low viscosity,<br />

acetoacetate functional reactive diluents with<br />

excellent compatibility with a wide range of resins.<br />

They can be used in solvent based systems.<br />

They are primarily recommended <strong>for</strong> use in<br />

2-component epoxy coatings and adhesives.<br />

They are particularly effective in epoxy/polyamine<br />

and epoxy/polyamide systems.<br />

K-FLEX ® Reactive Diluents<br />

Key features include:<br />

• Reduced induction time & faster cure<br />

• Excellent adhesion<br />

• Improved salt fog wet adhesion<br />

• Improved humidity resistance<br />

• VOC and viscosity reduction<br />

• Elimination of solvent popping and pinholes<br />

• Faster low temperature cure epoxy/amine<br />

PRODUCT Composition Equivalent<br />

Weight<br />

(Active Hydrogen)<br />

K-FLEX<br />

XM-B301<br />

K-FLEX<br />

7301<br />

100% Active<br />

Reactive Diluent<br />

100% Active<br />

Reactive Diluent<br />

K-FLEX XM-B301 <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

Viscosity<br />

25°C (cPs)<br />

190 1,100 Most hydrophobic.<br />

125<br />

K-FLEX XM-B301 was used to modify an epoxy<br />

polyamide <strong>for</strong>mulation (<strong>King</strong> Formulation EAP-1).<br />

The study monitored the effect on induction time,<br />

cure and potlife as well as film properties. A summary<br />

can be found in the tables that follow.<br />

K-FLEX XM-B301 Effect On Cure<br />

Epoxy/Polyamide Modification<br />

% Modification<br />

on Total Resin Solids<br />

Control<br />

0% 3% 6%<br />

Induction Time (mins) to good<br />

appearance 90 40 40<br />

Time to Double Viscosity (hrs) 5 3 2<br />

*Surface Dry Time (hours) 9.8 7.2 4.2<br />

Effect On Film Properties<br />

Knoop Hardness 22.6 15.0 17.9<br />

Impact Strength (in./ lbs)<br />

Forward/Reverse 40/5 50/10 50/20<br />

Salt Fog (mm creep)<br />

Cold Rolled Steel, 350 Hrs.<br />

Galvanized, 672 Hrs.<br />

13<br />

10<br />

12<br />

4<br />

8<br />

3<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

150 Lower viscosity and lighter color.<br />

XM-B301 has demonstrated the following advantages<br />

in a solventless 2K epoxy adhesive <strong>for</strong>mulation<br />

(<strong>King</strong> Formulation EAP-4).<br />

• Improved lap shear strength to metallic and<br />

non-metallic substrates<br />

• Faster bond strength development<br />

Lap Shear Strength, PSI - 2.5% Modification<br />

Substrate Control + 2.5% K-FLEX B-301<br />

Cast Iron 816 1739<br />

Polished Steel 1593 1974<br />

Copper 1073 1662<br />

ABS 350 892<br />

Styrene 434 695<br />

Bond Strength Development, PSI<br />

4 hours 939 1397<br />

24 hours 943 1375<br />

K-FLEX ® REACTIVE DILUENTS<br />

* Pot life could be extended with the use of ketones.<br />

Pages 25 & 26

K-FLEX ® Polyester Polyols HOCH 2 ⎯ R ⎯CH 2 OOC—/W\—COOCH 2 —R—CH 2 OH<br />

Use in <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

K-FLEX polyester polyols are used primarily as<br />

modifiers <strong>for</strong> acrylic, alkyd, epoxy and polyester<br />

<strong>for</strong>mulations with melamine or polyisocyanate<br />

crosslinkers. Typical modification levels are 5 to<br />

15% on total resin solids.<br />

Solubility in Exempt Solvents<br />

K-FLEX polyester polyols have proven to be 100%<br />

soluble at all ratios <strong>for</strong> a variety of exempt solvents<br />

including: OXSOL ® 100* (p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride),<br />

PC (propylene carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate),<br />

acetone and TBA (t-butyl acetate).<br />

K-FLEX ® POLYESTER POLYOLS<br />

The low molecular weight and narrow molecular<br />

weight distribution of K-FLEX polyesters allow the<br />

<strong>for</strong>mulation of higher solids coatings. Primary<br />

hydroxyl groups provide high reactivity <strong>for</strong> lower<br />

temperature cure. K-FLEX polyester polyols are<br />

used to:<br />

• <strong>Inc</strong>rease film flexibility while maintaining<br />

hardness<br />

• Improve resistance properties<br />

• Reduce VOC’s - increase solids<br />

• Achieve higher crosslink density<br />

• Improve cure adhesion<br />

PRODUCT Composition Hydroxyl #<br />

On Solids<br />

K-FLEX<br />

188<br />

Viscosity<br />

25°C (cPs)<br />

100% Active<br />

Polyester Polyol 230 10,000<br />

PHOTO: Solubility comparison in Oxsol 100 of K-FLEX<br />

188 and A308 to two commonly used polyester resins.<br />

Tg<br />

-32˚C<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

Improves flexibility, salt spray and humidity<br />

resistance while maintaining hardness.<br />

<strong>High</strong>est reactivity. Excellent adhesion to<br />

many substrates including plastics. <strong>High</strong>ly<br />

recommended <strong>for</strong> 2k urethane applications.<br />

K-FLEX<br />

A308<br />

100% Active<br />

Polyester Polyol<br />

260 1,500 -59˚C Similar to 188 but the low viscosity combined<br />

with the higher hydroxyl number gives good<br />

hardness and adhesion while allowing lower<br />

VOC levels. Best mar/scratch resistance.<br />

K-FLEX<br />

148<br />

100% Active<br />

Polyester Polyol 235 3,750<br />

-42˚C<br />

Improves flexibility, and gloss. <strong>Inc</strong>rease solids<br />

at lower viscosity. Good flow and leveling.<br />

Excellent intercoat adhesion properties.<br />

K-FLEX<br />

A307<br />

100% Active<br />

Polyester Polyol<br />

140 5,400 -50˚C Flexibility modifier <strong>for</strong> acrylic/isocyanate and<br />

acrylic/melamine systems. The low hydroxyl<br />

number minimizes the crosslinker demand.<br />

K-FLEX<br />

XM-332<br />

100% Active<br />

Polyester Polyol<br />

265 400 -68°C Lowest viscosity <strong>for</strong> lowest VOC. Softest<br />

films.

Use In <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

<strong>Coatings</strong>: Isocyanate Crosslinked Systems<br />

Melamine Ratio<br />

K-FLEX polyester polyols are effective modifiers <strong>for</strong><br />

most 2-component polyurethane systems. <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

advantages include lower VOC, improved<br />

adhesion, increased flexibility and elongation, higher<br />

tensile strength, humidity resistance and abrasion<br />

resistance.<br />

For example, the table below details the VOC<br />

reduction and improvement of mechanical properties<br />

of a high solids 2K acrylic polyurethane system,<br />

modified with 16% K-FLEX 188 (<strong>King</strong> Formulation<br />

API-5).<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

Control<br />

2K Acrylic/ PU<br />

16 % K-FLEX 188<br />

Modification<br />

VOC, lbs/gal. 3.28 3.02<br />

Tensile<br />

Strength<br />

(psi)<br />

2,900 3,300<br />

% Elongation 22.7% 51.8%<br />

Taber Abrasion<br />

Resistance<br />

Adhesion Studies<br />

119<br />

(mg loss)<br />

87<br />

(mg loss)<br />

K-FLEX polyester polyols have demonstrated excellent<br />

adhesion to many substrates including many<br />

plastics. K-FLEX 188, A307 and A308 were found to<br />

have excellent adhesion to Xenoy ® *, ABS, RIM,<br />

RRIM, SMC, PVC and polycarbonate using both an<br />

HMMM crosslinker and HDI isocyanurate<br />

crosslinker.<br />

* Xenoy ® is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics<br />

Formulating With K-FLEX Modifiers<br />

K-FLEX polyesters and urethane diols can be added<br />

to the grind or letdown with no special incorporation<br />

techniques. To <strong>for</strong>mulate a high solids pigment<br />

grind, the addition of at least 5% of a high solids<br />

acrylic resin is recommended in combination with a<br />

K-SPERSE dispersant.<br />

Due to the high hydroxyl number of K-FLEX 148,<br />

188, A308 and XM-332, a ratio of K-FLEX /<br />

HMMM of 60 / 40 is normally recommended.<br />

This provides a 1 / 1 equivalent of hydroxyl group<br />

to methylol group, assuming an equivalent weight<br />

of 160 g/eq <strong>for</strong> HMMM. Properties may be adjusted<br />

<strong>for</strong> higher hardness with a lower K-FLEX /<br />

HMMM ratio or improved flexibility with a higher<br />

K-FLEX / HMMM ratio. K-FLEX A307 has a<br />

lower crossliner demand and there<strong>for</strong>e does not<br />

require the higher levels of HMMM. Adjustments<br />

in melamine levels should be made based on<br />

equivalent weights <strong>for</strong> other types of melamines.<br />

K-FLEX polyester polyols have proven to be effective<br />

in cast elastomers where a combination of<br />

optical clarity and mechanical properties are<br />

sought.<br />

K-FLEX 188<br />

Mechanical<br />

Properties<br />

Tensile Strength, psi<br />

(ASTM D 412)<br />

Modulus, psi<br />

(ASTM D 412)<br />

Strain at max, (%)<br />

(ASTM D 412)<br />

Shore A<br />

(ASTM D 2240)<br />

Shore D<br />

(ASTM D 2240)<br />

Bayshore Rebound<br />

(ASTM D 2632)<br />

Use In Cast Elastomers<br />

In addition to the mechanical<br />

properties shown in the table<br />

that follows, K-FLEX 188 offers<br />

excellent optical clarity and<br />

transparency as shown in the<br />

photo to the left.<br />

K-FLEX<br />

188<br />

K-FLEX<br />

A308<br />

3,093 2,108<br />

3,800 2,900<br />

137 134<br />

95 75<br />

65 45<br />

43 18<br />

K-FLEX<br />

XM-332<br />

778<br />

1,100<br />

50<br />

75<br />

40<br />

10<br />

K-FLEX ® POLYESTER POLYOLS<br />

Isocyanate Ratios<br />

The high hydroxyl number of K-FLEX products<br />

necessitates a careful calculation of the isocyanate<br />

ratio to assure complete crosslinking of the polyol<br />

hydroxyl groups. A NCO:OH ratio of 1.04:1.00 to<br />

1.10:1.00 is typical. K-FLEX A307 has the lowest<br />

isocyanate demand.<br />

Pages 27 & 28

K-FLEX ® O<br />

O<br />

Urethane Diols<br />

HO OCN NCO<br />

OH<br />

K-FLEX ® URETHANE DIOLS<br />

K-FLEX Urethane diols are low molecular weight<br />

(MW) diols with an aliphatic urethane backbone and<br />

a narrow MW distribution. They allow the <strong>for</strong>mulation<br />

of higher solids, lower VOC waterborne (WB)<br />

coatings. They have been developed to help<br />

achieve VOC compliance with the added benefit of<br />

improved film per<strong>for</strong>mance. Their low molecular<br />

weight provides a higher crosslink density yielding<br />

harder films with greater exterior durability. The<br />

urethane diols are useful in various industrial<br />

systems, such as:<br />

• Amino crosslinked systems<br />

• 2-component polyurethanes<br />

• Blocked Isocyanates<br />

• Prepolymer synthesis<br />

The K-FLEX UD aliphatic urethane backbone<br />

provides excellent hydrolytic stability. It also allows<br />

the incorporation of aliphatic urethane functionality<br />

possible without the use of isocyanates.<br />

K-FLEX urethane diols are soluble in water and<br />

most polar organic solvents, in the absence of<br />

surfactants, neutralizing amines and co-solvents.<br />

They are not soluble in more hydrophobic solvents<br />

like aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatics. However,<br />

varying levels of hydrophobic solvents can be<br />

tolerated depending on the solubility parameters of<br />

the other solvents present.<br />

Advantages In Waterborne Systems<br />

• Replace volatile co-solvents with a<br />

non-volatile reactive diol<br />

• Lower VOC (higher solids)<br />

• <strong>High</strong>er film build without an increase in<br />

viscosity<br />

• Improved flow and leveling<br />

• More continuous film/higher gloss<br />

• Improved resistance properties<br />

• <strong>High</strong>er hardness<br />

• Improved wet adhesion<br />

• Improved stain resistance<br />

• Anti-skinning thermoset dip<br />

Lowering VOC’s In Waterborne Systems<br />

K-FLEX UD-320W was used to replace<br />

2-butoxyethanol co-solvent in a<br />

Joncryl 540 / HMMM white baking enamel at 5%<br />

and 15%. This co-solvent replacement resulted in<br />

significant VOC reductions, as can be seen below:<br />

Modification<br />

Level<br />

% on Total<br />

Resin Solids<br />

No<br />

Modification<br />

5%<br />

UD-320W<br />

15%<br />

UD-320W<br />

VOC (g/l) 192 66 50<br />

PRODUCT Composition On Solids<br />

Hydroxyl Acid<br />

Number Number<br />

Viscosity<br />

25°C (cPs)<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

K-FLEX<br />

UD-320W<br />

UD-350W<br />

88% Active<br />

Urethane Diol<br />

In Water 350 < 1<br />

8,000 (320W)<br />

4,000 (350W)<br />

Water soluble in absence of surfactants, amines<br />

and co-solvent. <strong>High</strong>er solids, improved flow,<br />

gloss, hardness and resistance properties.<br />

UD-350W <strong>for</strong> optimum storage stability.<br />

K-FLEX<br />

UD-320<br />

82% Active Urethane<br />

Diol in Propylene<br />

Glycol Mono-<br />

Methylether Acetate<br />

350

Use In <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> - Waterborne Systems<br />

HMMM Crosslinked Baking Enamels Resistance Properties<br />

11% K-FLEX Modification On Total Resin Solids<br />

Improved Flow/Leveling & <strong>High</strong>er Gloss<br />

The water solubility of the urethane diol provides<br />

improved wetting over various substrates, as well<br />

as, improved flow and leveling. The end result is<br />

higher gloss waterborne coatings as can be seen<br />

below.<br />

System<br />

Polymac<br />

WR 72-7203<br />

Water Reducible<br />

Polyester<br />

Humidity<br />

Resistance<br />

(350 hrs)<br />

60º Gloss*<br />

Salt Spray<br />

(350 hrs)<br />

Blister/<br />

mm<br />

creep**<br />

Boiling<br />

Water<br />

Resistance<br />

(1 hour)<br />

Blister<br />

Control 5 4D/2 8D<br />

UD-350W 59 4F/1 10<br />

HMMM Baking Enamels, Gloss Improvement<br />

Gloss 60º/20º, % Reflectance<br />

% K-FLEX UD-320W On TRS<br />

System 0% 10% 15%<br />

Joncryl 540<br />

Acrylic Emulsion<br />

(<strong>King</strong> Formulation<br />

UDW-12)<br />

Kelsol 3961-B2G-75<br />

Chain Stopped Alkyd<br />

(<strong>King</strong> Formulation<br />

UDW-15)<br />

Acrysol WS-68<br />

Water Reducible Acrylic<br />

(<strong>King</strong> Formulation UDW-4)<br />

84/15 92/29 93/73<br />

91/65 94/76 —<br />

90/67 89/69 89/74<br />

Joncryl 540 - BASF Resins, Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 - Reichhold, <strong>Inc</strong>.<br />

Acrysol WS-68 - Dow Chemical<br />

Improved Resistance Properties<br />

The urethane backbone of the urethane diols<br />

provides excellent hydrolytic stability <strong>for</strong> long term<br />

storage in waterborne <strong>for</strong>mulations. This excellent<br />

hydrolytic stability also provides improvements in<br />

the humidity, salt spray and boiling water<br />

resistance of fully crosslinked films. The results<br />

shown at the top of the next column, demonstrate<br />

these improvements <strong>for</strong> two waterborne<br />

polyester/HMMM baking enamels.<br />

Kelsol 301-W-39<br />

Water Reducible<br />

Polyester<br />

Control 79 4D/10 6D<br />

UD-350W 82 4D/3 10<br />

* ASTM D 2247, ** ASTM B 117, D=Dense, F=Few, M=Medium,<br />

Blisters: 10 = no attack. Polymac 72-7203 - Hexion Specialty Chemicals,<br />

Kelsol 301-W-39 - Reichhold, <strong>Inc</strong>.<br />

Solventborne & Solventless Systems<br />

Advantages In Solventborne and<br />

Solventless Systems<br />

• <strong>High</strong>er solids (lower VOC)<br />

• <strong>High</strong>er hardness<br />

• Improved resistance to humidity, QUV and<br />

exterior exposure<br />

• Improved resistance to solvents and<br />

chemicals<br />

• Greater viscosity stability<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> In Solventborne Systems<br />

Even with low level K-FLEX UD-320 modification,<br />

a decrease of VOC is possible while boosting<br />

per<strong>for</strong>mance of the overall <strong>for</strong>mulation<br />

Low level modification of melamine crosslinked<br />

systems resulted in harder films with improved QUV<br />

resistance and exterior durability. Modification of<br />

2-component polyurethanes provided harder and<br />

more flexible films with improved exterior durability.<br />

K-FLEX ® URETHANE DIOLS<br />

Pages 29 & 30

NACORR ® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors<br />

Introduction<br />

Mechanism<br />

NACORR ® RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS<br />

<strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>’ NACORR ® Rust & Corrosion<br />

Inhibitors provide <strong>for</strong>mulators the means to impart<br />

corrosion resistance to aqueous, non-aqueous and<br />

powder systems. NACORR can be used as the<br />

primary corrosion inhibitor or in combination with<br />

environmentally friendly anticorrosive pigments.<br />

They are compatible with a wide variety of resins<br />

used in primers and direct to metal topcoats <strong>for</strong> a<br />

multitude of industrial applications. Benefits include:<br />

• Improved corrosion protection in<br />

clearcoats and highly pigmented systems<br />

• Liquid materials make <strong>for</strong> easier<br />

incorporation<br />

• Synergy with anti-corrosive pigments to<br />

replace chromates and other environmentally<br />

unacceptable anti-corrosive pigments<br />

• Improved pigment dispersion and gloss<br />

when added to the pigment grind<br />

(<strong>for</strong> solventborne coatings)<br />

• Enhanced cure rates of amino crosslinked<br />

systems, especially with zinc salts,<br />

NACORR 1551 and 1552<br />

NACORR's are metal or amine salts of a hydrophobic<br />

sulfonic acid. They are available in different<br />

solvents to accommodate the broad range of<br />

coating technologies currently used. Standard<br />

solvents are Mineral Spirits or 2-Butoxyethanol.<br />

NACORR Selection Chart by System<br />

The NACORR molecules have a polar metal sulfonate<br />

group and a long hydrophobic tail. The<br />

NACORR products prevent corrosion by two distinct<br />

mechanisms including:<br />

• Polar metal sulfonate is attracted to the metal<br />

substrate where it helps to electrically passivate any<br />

potential anodic sites.<br />

• The hydrophobic tail is oriented outward away<br />

from the metal substrate, excluding water from any<br />

potential anodic sites. This eliminates the electrolyte,<br />

one of the 4 required elements <strong>for</strong> corrosion<br />

(anode, cathode, conductor and electrolyte).<br />

Hydrophobic Barrier Layer<br />

Created by NACORR<br />

Metal Substrate<br />

Coating<br />

Anode<br />

WATERBORNE SOLVENTBORNE POWDER<br />

NACORR 1352<br />

General Purpose<br />

Alkyd & Urethane<br />

NACORR 1151<br />

Best Corrosion<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

NACORR 6402<br />

Urethane Polyester<br />

Cementitious <strong>Products</strong><br />

NACORR 1652<br />

Improved Compatibility<br />

With Water NACORR 1652<br />

Synergy With<br />

Heavy Metal Free<br />

Pigments<br />

NACORR 4426<br />

Emulsions<br />

NACORR 1754<br />

Metal-free<br />

NACORR 1552<br />

Best Synergy With<br />

Zinc Anticorrosive<br />

Pigments<br />

NACORR 6401<br />

Epoxy Polyester

PRODUCT Sulfonate Solvent %<br />

Active<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

Comments<br />

NACORR<br />

1151<br />

Barium Mineral Spirits 50 Best compatibility in solvent<br />

based systems.<br />

Best <strong>for</strong> low pH systems.<br />

NACORR<br />

1352<br />

NACORR<br />

1552*<br />

NACORR<br />

1652<br />

NACORR<br />

1754<br />

NACORR<br />

4426<br />

NACORR<br />

6401<br />

NACORR<br />

6402<br />

Calcium 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Excellent in waterborne<br />

applications.<br />

Zinc 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Excellent adhesion. Excellent<br />

<strong>for</strong> solvent based primers.<br />

Magnesium 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Hardest films in thermoset<br />

coatings.<br />

Amine<br />

Sodium<br />

2-Butoxyethanol<br />

n-Butyl Alcohol<br />

Complex<br />

Polymer/Water<br />

35 Excellent compatibility in water<br />

based systems.<br />

NA<br />

Excellent in water based<br />

emulsion systems.<br />

Zinc NA 50 Free flowing powder <strong>for</strong> easy<br />

incorporation.<br />

Calcium NA 50 Free flowing powder <strong>for</strong> easy<br />

incorporation.<br />

Available in mineral spirits as<br />

1351.<br />

Catalytic in amino systems.<br />

Available in mineral spirits as<br />

1651.<br />

Effective in emulsions and<br />

dispersions.<br />

Effective on steel, galvanized<br />

and aluminum.<br />

Silica carrier. Especially<br />

designed <strong>for</strong> powder coatings.<br />

Silica carrier. Especially designed<br />

<strong>for</strong> powder coatings.<br />

* NACORR 1552 is an excellent catalyst and corrosion inhibitor <strong>for</strong> anodic acrylic electrocoating. NA = Not Applicable<br />

NACORR liquid organic corrosion inhibitors<br />

provide improved corrosion resistance alone in<br />

coatings <strong>for</strong>mulations. They allow the <strong>for</strong>mulation<br />

of anticorrosive systems without anticorrosive<br />

pigments as may be required <strong>for</strong> high gloss<br />

direct to metal topcoats and clearcoats.<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> - Waterborne Systems<br />

NACORR <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

This <strong>for</strong>mulation is indicative of the level of per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />

that can be achieved in the salt fog<br />

exposure test using 3% (on total <strong>for</strong>mulation<br />

weight) NACORR 6401 in a hybrid polyester/<br />

epoxy powder system. (<strong>King</strong> Formulation<br />

CI-302)<br />

500 Hours<br />

Salt Fog Exposure<br />

(ASTM B 117)<br />

Iron Phosphated<br />

Steel<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> - Powder Systems<br />

NACORR ® RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS<br />

Control NACORR 1151 NACORR 1351 NACORR 1651<br />

Control + 3% NACORR 6401<br />

In the above air dry alkyd water reducible<br />

systems, a noticeable improvement in salt spray<br />

resistance over iron phosphated steel was shown<br />

with the addition of 2% NACORR liquid corrosion<br />

inhibitors.<br />

Pages 31 & 32

NACORR Synergy With Anti-corrosive Pigments<br />

NACORR ® RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS<br />

To achieve the level of corrosion resistance found<br />

with chromates and other environmentally unacceptable<br />

anti-corrosive pigments, the NACORR<br />

products are often used synergistically with more<br />

environmentally friendly anti-corrosive pigments.<br />

FORMULATION System Type Synergy With NACORR<br />

CI-101 WB Acrylic Primer Halox ® SZP-391 (strontium zinc phosphosilicate) 1351 & 1651<br />

CI-102 WB Acrylic Primer Halox ® SW-111 (strontium phosphosilicate) 1651 & 1652<br />

CI-103 WB Acrylic Primer Boroguard ® ZB (zinc borate) 1351 & 1651<br />

CI-104 WB Acrylic Primer Busan ® 11M-1 (barium metaborate) 1351 & 1651<br />

CI-106 WB Acrylic Primer Nalzin ® 2 (zinc hydroxy phosphate) 1754<br />

CI-107 WB Acrylic Primer Wacor ® ZBP-M (borate modified zinc phosphate) 1651<br />

CI-108 WR Alkyd Topcoat Nalzin ® 2 (zinc hydroxy phosphate) 1352 & 1754<br />

CI-109 WR Alkyd Primer Novinox ® PZ-02 (zinc phosphate) 1552<br />

CI-110 WR Epoxy Ester Primer Heucophos ® ZPA (zinc aluminum phosphate hydrate) 1754<br />

CI-112<br />

WB Polyurethane<br />

Primer<br />

Heucophos ® ZZMP (zinc molybdenum phosphate hydrate) 1352 & 1552<br />

CI-113 WR Alkyd Primer Halox ® SW-111 (strontium phosphosilicate) 1151 & 1651<br />

CI-120 WB Acrylic Primer Heucophos ® ZBZ (basic zinc phosphate silicate hydrate) 1352, 1552 & 1652<br />

CI-121 WB Acrylic Primer Heucophos ® ZPZ (basic zinc phosphate hydrate) 1352, 1552 & 1652<br />

CI-201<br />

HS Chain Stopped Alkyd<br />

Please find below a table of <strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>, <strong>Inc</strong>.<br />

<strong>for</strong>mulations demonstrating synergy with a wide<br />

variety of commonly used anti-corrosive pigments,<br />

including: borates, phosphosilicates and phosphates.<br />

Wacor ® ZBP-M (borate modified zinc phosphate) 1352 & 1652<br />

CI-206 Polyester/HMMM Coil Shieldex ® AC-3 (calcium ion exchanged silica gel) 1551 & 1754<br />

CI-207 Polyester OEM Primer Halox ® SZP-391 (strontium zinc phosphosilicate) 1351<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> - Synergy With Anti-corrosive Pigments In Waterborne Systems<br />

<strong>King</strong> Formulation CI-102 demonstrates the synergistic<br />

effect of NACORR 1652 with a strontium<br />

phosphosilicate in a waterborne air dry acrylic<br />

primer. Please note the improved corrosion resistance<br />

of the anti-corrosive pigment compared to the<br />

control. The use of NACORR 1652 in synergy with<br />

the anti-corrosive pigment provides a significant<br />

improvement in the corrosion resistance.<br />

WB Acrylic Primer - 500 Hours Salt Spray<br />

Strontium Phosphosilicate & NACORR 1652<br />

Control<br />

Strontium<br />

Phosphosilicate<br />

Strontium Phosphosilicate<br />

& 2% NACORR 1652

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> - Synergy With Anti-Corrosive Pigments In Solvent Based Systems<br />

The photos to the right demonstrate the improvement<br />

in wet adhesion of the salt spray panels<br />

when NACORR 1352 is combined with the<br />

anti-corrosive pigment in a solvent based chain<br />

stopped TOFA air dry alkyd primer. The<br />

NACORR liquid organic corrosion inhibitor was<br />

added at a 2% level as supplied on total <strong>for</strong>mulation<br />

weight.<br />

Use Levels & <strong>Inc</strong>orporation<br />

Generally, addition levels of 1-3% based on total weight of the paint are effective in enhancing corrosion<br />

protection. Due to the polarity of the metal sulfonate, highly pigmented systems or pigments with high<br />

surface areas may require higher levels of NACORR. This is due to the affinity of NACORR <strong>for</strong> the pigment<br />

surface. If active pigments are reduced or eliminated, they should be replaced with inert pigments to<br />

maintain solids and critical pigment volume concentrations.<br />

The NACORR products are based on a variety of different metal salts. The NACORR metal salts appear to<br />

be very system specific. Some work better than others, depending on the resin system, type of<br />

anti-corrosive pigment, and other <strong>for</strong>mulation components. It is best to evaluate several of the NACORR<br />

products in your <strong>for</strong>mulation to find the best per<strong>for</strong>ming product. Once a product is selected, it can be<br />

optimized by conducting a ladder study to determine a use level that best meets your per<strong>for</strong>mance needs.<br />

SYSTEM<br />

Solvent Based<br />

Water Reducible<br />

With Water In Mill Base<br />

No Water In Mill Base<br />

Emulsions, Colloids & Dispersions<br />

<strong>Inc</strong>orporation Method<br />

Can be post added with mild agitation or added to mill base.<br />

Synergy - Air Dry Alkyd Primer<br />

NACORR 1352 and Calcium/Zinc Phospho-molybdate<br />

Control<br />

<strong>King</strong> Formulation (CI-201)<br />

+ Calcium/Zinc<br />

Phospho-molybdate<br />

+ NACORR 1352<br />

If possible, remove water from base and add it to the letdown. Otherwise post-add under high agitation.<br />

Add 0.5 -1.0% to mill base by premixing the NACORR, solvent and resin prior to pigment. Add balance to<br />

letdown prior to any water addition.<br />

NACORR ® RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS<br />

No Co-solvents<br />

Post-add under high agitation during letdown prior to any water addition.<br />

With Co-solvents<br />

Premix with coalescing solvent prior to addition. A typical ratio of 1:1 is recommended. Next add mixture<br />

under high agitation prior to any water addition.<br />

With Co-solvents & Amines Premix with coalescent and amine. Add under high agitation prior to any water. A typical starting ratio <strong>for</strong><br />

premix is: 50% Nacorr, 45% coalescent and 5% amine by weight.<br />

Powder<br />

Dry blend with the premix at 1% to 3% based on total weight.<br />

Pages 33 & 34

K-SPERSE ® Dispersants <strong>for</strong> Non-Aqueous Systems<br />

K-SPERSE ® DISPERSANTS<br />

K-SPERSE additives are highly effective amine free<br />

dispersing agents <strong>for</strong> organic and inorganic pigments<br />

used in non-aqueous and solvent-free coatings<br />

and inks. They can be categorized into three<br />

distinct groups:<br />

K-SPERSE Liquid Monomeric Dispersants – These<br />

liquid products were designed as cost effective dispersants<br />

in a wide variety of <strong>for</strong>mulations. They can<br />

be utilized with a broad range of resins including<br />

acrylics, alkyds, bitumen, epoxies, polyesters and<br />

polyurethanes. K-SPERSE 152 can be used with<br />

commercial polymeric dispersants that require the<br />

use of a synergist. Advantages include:<br />

• Widest range of solubility (alcohols to<br />

aliphatic hydrocarbons)<br />

• Low dosage – highest pigment loading<br />

• Low cost<br />

• Better color development and gloss<br />

• Fast dispersion time<br />

• Hydrophobic - Not moisture sensitive<br />

K-SPERSE Selection Chart<br />

ORGANIC PIGMENTS<br />

KSPERSE Powder Dispersants – These monomeric<br />

dispersants supplied in powder <strong>for</strong>m were<br />

developed <strong>for</strong> dispersing pigments into powder<br />

coatings and other solventless systems.<br />

Advantages include:<br />

• Ease of use - free flowing powder<br />

• Improved hiding power at low film<br />

thickness<br />

• Low cost<br />

K-SPERSE Polymeric Dispersants – These liquid<br />

polymeric dispersants were developed as dispersants<br />

<strong>for</strong> “hard-to-disperse” organic and carbon<br />

black pigments used in solventborne and solventfree<br />

liquid <strong>for</strong>mulations.<br />

• Best jettness with carbon black<br />

• Simplicity of use - no need <strong>for</strong> synergist<br />

• No effect on cure of amino resins or<br />

isocyanates - amine free<br />

ORGANIC & INORGANIC PIGMENTS<br />

and FILLERS<br />

POLYMERIC<br />

DISPERSANTS<br />

MONOMERIC DISPERSANTS<br />

Solventborne Systems<br />

Solventless Systems<br />

K-SPERSE 5100<br />

Epoxies and Polyesters<br />

K-SPERSE A503<br />

General Purpose<br />

Polyesters and Acrylics<br />

K-SPERSE 152<br />

General Purpose<br />

K-SPERSE 6501<br />

General Purpose<br />

K-SPERSE A504<br />

Solventless Systems<br />

K-SPERSE 131<br />

Zinc-free<br />

No catalytic effect<br />

K-SPERSE 6502<br />

Zinc-free<br />

No catalytic effect

PRODUCT<br />

Composition<br />

%<br />

Active<br />

lbs./gal.<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

Monomeric Dispersants<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

131<br />

Calcium Sulfonate<br />

Mineral Spirits<br />

50 7.7<br />

Use in <strong>for</strong>mulas containing driers/accelerators including<br />

alkyds, urethanes and epoxies.<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

152<br />

Zinc Sulfonate<br />

2-Butoxyethanol<br />

50 8.3<br />

General purpose. Can be used at 1/3 to 1/2 the level of<br />

typical commercial dispersants. Synergist <strong>for</strong> competitive<br />

polymeric dispersants.<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

152/MS<br />

Zinc Sulfonate<br />

Mineral Spirits 50 7.9<br />

Mineral spirits version of K-Sperse 152.<br />

Powder Dispersants<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

6501<br />

Zinc Sulfonate<br />

Precipitated Silica 55 NA<br />

Free flowing powder developed specifically <strong>for</strong> powder and<br />

solvent-free systems.<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

6502<br />

Polymeric Dispersants<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

A503<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

A504<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

5100<br />

Calcium Sulfonate<br />

Precipitated Silica<br />

Polymeric Dispersant<br />

Butyl Acetate<br />

55 NA<br />

40 7.9<br />

Polymeric<br />

Dispersant<br />

100 8.5<br />

Polymeric Wetting<br />

& Dispersing Agent<br />

100 9.4<br />

Free flowing powder developed specifically <strong>for</strong> powder and<br />

solvent-free systems.<br />

General purpose <strong>for</strong> use in solvent based coatings, inks<br />

and pigment concentrates.<br />

For use in 100% solids <strong>for</strong>mulations including coatings,<br />

inks, pigment concentrates and plastics<br />

Solvent-free dispersant <strong>for</strong> epoxy and polyester systems.<br />

* Also available in HAPS free solvent, propylene glycol normal propyl ether, and PAO - Polyalphaolefin, NA = Not applicable<br />

<strong>High</strong> Efficiency<br />

K-Sperse monomeric products are designed <strong>for</strong><br />

use in non-aqueous systems. These easy to use<br />

liquid products are effective at 50 to 75% lower<br />

loading than other dispersants. They are particularly<br />

efficient at dispersing TiO2 and iron oxides.<br />

The table below shows the typical K-Sperse 152<br />

use levels compared to other dispersants based on<br />

the manufacturers’ recommendations.<br />

Better Color Development<br />

K-SPERE <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

<strong>High</strong>er color strength can be obtained with the use of<br />

K-Sperse 132 & 152. Black dispersions were prepared<br />

using K-Sperse 152, a polymeric dispersant<br />

and an amphoteric dispersant to tint a white base to<br />

determine the color strength developed by each after<br />

milling <strong>for</strong> 8 hours in a steel ball mill.<br />

K-SPERSE ® DISPERSANTS<br />

Comparison: Weight % on Pigment<br />

Pigment<br />

K-Sperse<br />

152<br />

Other<br />

Dispersants*<br />

Phthalo Blue 3.5% 10 - 33%<br />

Transparent<br />

Iron Oxide<br />

5% 7 - 30%<br />

Iron Oxide 1.5% 2.5%<br />

Chromopthal Red 8% 12 -15%<br />

Titanium Dioxide 0.6% 1.2%<br />

Carbon Black<br />

Furnace Black 7 - 35% 100%<br />

Channel Black 7% 17 - 100%<br />

* Hyperdispersant, Polymeric and Amphoteric<br />

K-SPERSE 152 Polymeric Disp. B Amphoteric Disp. A<br />

K-Sperse 152 - Synergist and Catalytic Effects<br />

K-Sperse 152 is very effective as a synergist with<br />

polymeric dispersants to optimize carbon black and<br />

red shade phtalo blue dispersions.<br />

Formulators should be aware of a possible catalytic<br />

effect with K-Sperse 152. The zinc in K-Sperse 152<br />

may complex with the driers and accelerators used in<br />

air oxidized paints. K-Sperse 152 can also contribute<br />

to the cure response in thermoset HMMM systems.<br />

K-Sperse 131/132 should be used in place of<br />

K-Sperse 152 to avoid these catalytic effects.<br />

Pages 35 & 36

K-SPERSE Powder <strong>Products</strong><br />

K-SPERSE Powder <strong>Products</strong> (6501/6502)<br />

K-SPERSE Polymeric <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

K-Sperse Polymeric Dispersants <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

K-SPERSE ® DISPERSANTS<br />

They demonstrate similar per<strong>for</strong>mance to the<br />

liquid monomerics and should be added at the<br />

pre-mix stage of production typically at 1 to 10%<br />

as supplied on total pigment weight.<br />

K-SPERSE Polymeric Dispersants<br />

K-Sperse Polymeric Dispersants<br />

K-Sperse A503 and A504 are acid functional<br />

(amine free) dispersants that do not require a<br />

synergist as some commercial polymeric dispersants<br />

do. K-Sperse A503 is a good general<br />

purpose dispersant <strong>for</strong> organic pigments, and was<br />

designed to provide optimum jettness of carbon<br />

blacks and simplicity of use. K-Sperse A504 was<br />

designed <strong>for</strong> solventless systems. Advantages<br />

include:<br />

• Best jettness with carbon black<br />

• <strong>Inc</strong>reased potlife in 2k urethanes<br />

• Small effect on melamine cure rates<br />

• Excellent flood float resistance<br />

K-SPERSE 5100<br />

K-SPERSE 5100 is a solvent-free dispersing<br />

agent <strong>for</strong> solventborne and solvent-free systems.<br />

It is particularly effective in 100% solids epoxy<br />

systems. This low molecular weight polymer contains<br />

hydroxyl and carboxyl functionality and is<br />

recommended <strong>for</strong> both organic and inorganic<br />

pigments/fillers. It can be used as the sole<br />

dispersing resin or as a modifier <strong>for</strong> resins with<br />

poor wetting characteristics.<br />

The graph below demonstrates the effectiveness<br />

of K-SPERSE 5100 to disperse white and black<br />

pigments in a 100% solids, epoxy resin.<br />

The accompanying photograph shows a comparison<br />

of color development after 4 hours of mixing.<br />

A Quinacridone red pigment dispersion was added<br />

to a white tint base in order to compare the color<br />

development between the various dispersants.<br />

Disp.<br />

A-1<br />

K-SP<br />

A503<br />

Disp.<br />

B<br />

Excellent Flood/Float Resistance<br />

Fast Color<br />

Development<br />

The test results as<br />

evidenced in the photograph<br />

to the left show<br />

that K-SPERSE A503<br />

(center) provides faster<br />

color development.<br />

When tested in a gray melamine baking system,<br />

K-SPERSE A503 provided excellent flood/float<br />

resistance when compared to three competitive<br />

dispersants.<br />

Gray Melamine Baking System<br />

Disp. A-1<br />

K-SPERSE<br />

A503<br />

Disp. A-2<br />

Disp. B<br />

The pigment to binder ratio was: White: 1:1, Black:<br />

7:1. K-Sperse levels were at 5% on pigment <strong>for</strong><br />

the TiO 2 and 50% <strong>for</strong> the black.<br />

Viscosity, cPs<br />

10000<br />

1000<br />

100<br />

10<br />

Control K-5100<br />

1<br />

TiO2 (R960) TiO2 (R900) Lamp Black

DISPARLON ® Additives<br />

<strong>for</strong> Surface Control and Thixotropy<br />

Introduction<br />

The Disparlon trade name is applied to a series of<br />

functional additives used in paint, ink, adhesive and<br />

sealant markets worldwide. Major product types<br />

include, thixotropes, defoamers and surface control<br />

agents. Originally designed <strong>for</strong> solvent systems, the<br />

Disparlon line has expanded in recent years to<br />

include high per<strong>for</strong>mance additives used in<br />

aqueous, powder and UV systems.<br />

Disparlon additives are manufactured by Kusumoto<br />

Chemicals Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. Through a<br />

technology partnership spanning over two decades,<br />

<strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>, <strong>Inc</strong>. serves as the exclusive sales,<br />

technical service and marketing arm in North and<br />

South America.<br />

Introduction<br />

Disparlon thixotropes offer today’s <strong>for</strong>mulators a<br />

wide choice of unique products <strong>for</strong> conventional,<br />

high solids and aqueous coatings, as well as<br />

specialty additives <strong>for</strong> inks, adhesives, gel-coats,<br />

sealants and caulks. Their primary advantages over<br />

other types of thixotropes (organo-clay, castor wax<br />

or fumed silica) are:<br />

• Superior shear thinning<br />

• Non-seeding<br />

• Maximum anti-sagging/anti-settling<br />

• Excellent stability on aging<br />

• Superior per<strong>for</strong>mance in high gloss systems<br />

Disparlon anti-sag and anti-settling agents can be<br />

characterized into two functional types:<br />

NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These types of<br />

thixotropes, which include polyamide powders and<br />

DISPARLON ® Thixotropes<br />

Pastes, function by <strong>for</strong>ming a three dimensional<br />

network. Since these thixotropes are nonassociative<br />

by nature, they do not require the<br />

presence of pigments or fillers to function. These<br />

thixotropes can be used in pigmented or clear<br />

systems.<br />

PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These products are<br />

dependent on the type and level of pigment in the<br />

<strong>for</strong>mulation, since they adsorb onto pigment<br />

surfaces to provide thickening efficiency.<br />

Also included in the pigment dependent type are<br />

“Hybrids”, polyamide waxes that are coated with<br />

pigment dependent polyethylene waxes. These<br />

“Hybrids” offer excellent pigment suspension plus<br />

sag control.<br />

.<br />

DISPARLON ® ADDITIVES<br />

Types Of Thixotropes<br />

NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE<br />

Magnification of Disparlon 6900-20X<br />

under an electron microscope, illustrative<br />

of polyamide based thixotropes.<br />

PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE<br />

Magnification of Disparlon 4200-10 under an<br />

electron microscope showing oxidized polyolefin<br />

particles that will absorb on the surface<br />

of pigments and other thixotropes.<br />

“HYBRID” PIGMENT DEPENDENT<br />

Magnification of Disparlon NS-30<br />

under an electron microscope showing<br />

polyamide coated with oxidized<br />

polyolefin.<br />

Pages 37 & 38<br />

DISPARLON® is a registered trademark of Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.

Disparlon Powder Polyamide Thixotropes<br />

Powder thixotropes (100% active) require heat<br />

and/or hydrogen bonding to activate. By heating<br />

these thixotropes to the appropriate temperature in<br />

the <strong>for</strong>mulation using good agitation, the polyamide<br />

will swell and disperse (activate), and provide very<br />

efficient thickening. Hydrogen bonding from<br />

materials such as amine functional and hydroxyl<br />

functional solvents and resins will help lower the<br />

activation temperature. <strong>Products</strong> are available <strong>for</strong><br />

coatings, sealants and adhesives.<br />

Powder Thixotropes Selection Chart<br />

DISPARLON ® THIXOTROPES<br />

Sealants & Adhesives<br />

Lower activation temperatures<br />

DISPARLON 6100<br />

Activation Temperature: 30°C to 60°C<br />

Lowest activation temperature<br />

MMA adhesives and sealants<br />

DISPARLON 6200<br />

Activation Temperature: 40°C to 60°C<br />

Low activation temperature<br />

Sealants and adhesives<br />

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids %<br />

Form<br />

DISPARLON<br />

6100*<br />

DISPARLON<br />

6200*<br />

DISPARLON 6500<br />

Activation Temperature:<br />

60°C to 65°C in solvent or monomer<br />

90° to 110°C in resins<br />

For use in coatings and sealants<br />

Polyamide _ 100%<br />

Powder<br />

Polyamide _ 100%<br />

Powder<br />

Additive Level<br />

By Total Weight<br />

<strong>Coatings</strong><br />

Better recoatability<br />

DISPARLON 6600<br />

Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70°C<br />

<strong>High</strong> efficiency, maintenance coatings<br />

DISPARLON 6650<br />

Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70°C<br />

Cost effective, maintenance coatings<br />

DISPARLON 6700<br />

Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70°C<br />

<strong>High</strong> solids and 100% solids epoxy<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Sag/Slump control. Lowest activation<br />

temperature. Designed specifically <strong>for</strong><br />

adhesives and sealants.<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Sag/Slump control. Low activation<br />

temperature. Designed specifically <strong>for</strong><br />

adhesives and sealants.<br />

DISPARLON<br />

6500<br />

DISPARLON<br />

6600<br />

DISPARLON<br />

6650<br />

DISPARLON<br />

6700<br />

Polyamide _ 100%<br />

Powder<br />

Polyamide _ 100%<br />

Powder<br />

Polyamide _ 100%<br />

Powder<br />

Polyamide _ 100%<br />

Powder<br />

0.5 - 2.0% Sag control. Most versatile. General<br />

purpose coatings and sealants.<br />

0.5 - 2.0% Sag control with improved recoatability<br />

<strong>for</strong> coatings, such as epoxy primers.<br />

0.5 - 2.0% Cost effective sag control with improved<br />

recoatability <strong>for</strong> coatings, such as<br />

epoxy primers.<br />

0.5 - 2.0% Sag control in heavy-duty paints. Particularly<br />

effective in 100% solids epoxies and<br />

epoxy coatings containing polar solvents.<br />

* DISPARLON 6100 and 6200 are not available in the EU.<br />

Powder Thixotropes <strong>Inc</strong>orporation<br />

The polyamide powder thixotropes need to be<br />

activated (swelled and dispersed) in the system.<br />

Add the powder to the pigment grind portion of the<br />

<strong>for</strong>mulation. While grinding the pigments, allow the<br />

temperature of the grind to rise to the temperatures<br />

shown in the selection chart above. Once at the<br />

“activation temperature” continue to grind <strong>for</strong> 15<br />

minutes to get full activation of the polyamide.<br />

After activating the polyamide, it is generally best to<br />

mix slowly during the first 20ºC of cool down. The<br />

slow mixing during cool down will give the system<br />

the most uni<strong>for</strong>m and reproducible rheology.<br />

Please note, these materials will activate at lower<br />

temperatures than shown in the chart when in the<br />

presence of alcohols or amines, due to increased<br />

hydrogen bonding.

Disparlon Preactivated Polyamide Thixotropes<br />

The preactivated polyamide thixotropes are ready to<br />

use. They do not require heat <strong>for</strong> activation, and<br />

can be added directly to the <strong>for</strong>mulation. These<br />

materials can be used in clear as well as pigmented<br />

systems, and offer good anti-sag and anti-settling<br />

properties. The preactivated polyamides are most<br />

commonly used in coatings such as aerosol paints,<br />

clear coats, architectural stains, and maintenance<br />

coatings. They can also be used to orient metallic<br />

pigments and flattening pigments in oil modified<br />

urethanes.<br />

Preactivated Thixotropes Selection Chart<br />

DYI - Urethane & Stains<br />

DISPARLON A670-20M<br />

20 micron particle size<br />

Satin & flat oil modified<br />

DIY urethanes and stains<br />

DISPARLON A671-EZ<br />

20 micron particle size<br />

Easier incorporation<br />

DIY urethanes and stains<br />

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids %<br />

Form<br />

DISPARLON<br />

A603-20X<br />

DISPARLON<br />

A650-20X<br />

DISPARLON<br />

A670-20M<br />

Pre-activated<br />

Polyamide Wax<br />

Pre-activated<br />

Polyamide Wax<br />

Pre-activated<br />

Polyamide Wax<br />

Xylene 20%<br />

Paste<br />

Xylene<br />

Alcohols<br />

Mineral Spirits<br />

Alcohols<br />

DISPARLON 6900-20X<br />

General Purpose<br />

10 micron particle size<br />

Best in films

Disparlon Pigment Dependent Thixotropes<br />

This type of thixotrope imparts rheology by setting up<br />

a network structure with pigments, fillers, and even<br />

particle swelling thixotropes. These thixotropes<br />

are designed <strong>for</strong> pigmented systems only and help<br />

control flood/float, prevent settling and provide<br />

good sag resistance properties.<br />

Pigment Dependent Thixotropes Selection<br />

Oxidized Polyolefin<br />

Anti-settling Agent<br />

Hybrid Thixotrope<br />

Anti-setting and Anti-sagging<br />

DISPARLON ® THIXOTROPES<br />

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids %<br />

Form<br />

DISPARLON<br />

4200-10<br />

DISPARLON<br />

4200-20<br />

DISPARLON<br />

NS-30<br />

DISPARLON<br />

F-9050<br />

DISPARLON 4200-20<br />

Use in epoxies, acrylics and urethanes<br />

DISPARLON 4200-10<br />

Use in epoxies, acrylics and urethanes<br />

Liquid: can be post-added<br />

Oxidized<br />

Polyethylene<br />

Oxidized<br />

Polyethylene<br />

Oxidized<br />

Polyethylene<br />

with Polyamide<br />

Oxidized<br />

Polyethylene<br />

with Polyamide<br />

<strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong> Comparison<br />

Xylene 10%<br />

Liquid<br />

Xylene 20%<br />

Paste<br />

Xylene 15%<br />

Paste<br />

Low<br />

Volatility<br />

Diluent<br />

20%<br />

Paste<br />

A B C D E F G H I<br />

Additive Level<br />

By Total Weight<br />

DISPARLON NS-30<br />

Use in maintenance coatings and<br />

2K epoxies - amide side<br />

DISPARLON F-9050<br />

VOC free<br />

Excellent pigment suspension<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

1.0 - 5.0% All non-aqueous pigmented systems.<br />

Anti-Settling Agent. Complies with FDA 21CFR<br />

Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a) & (b).<br />

0.3 - 1.0% All non-aqueous pigmented systems Anti-<br />

Settling Agent. Complies with FDA 21 CFR<br />

Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a) & (b).<br />

1.0 - 5.0% For polyamide side of 2K epoxy maintenance<br />

coatings. Not recommended <strong>for</strong> high gloss<br />

coatings. Anti-sag & anti-settle.<br />

1.0 - 5.0% VOC free anti-sag and anti-settling agent.<br />

Additive Type:<br />

A: Blank<br />

B: EVA Copolymer Wax (10% Xylene)<br />

C: DISPARLON 4200-10<br />

D: DISPARLON 6900-20X<br />

E: DISPARLON 6900-20X/4200-10<br />

F: Organo Clay (1)<br />

G: Organo Clay (2)<br />

H: Organo Clay (3)<br />

I: Fumed Silica<br />

Formulation:<br />

Acrylic melamine metallic base coat. 2 weeks after<br />

adjusting viscosity to 15 sec., #4 FORD Cup<br />

Pigment Dependent Thixotropes <strong>Inc</strong>orporation<br />

For best results, these thixotropes should be added<br />

to the grind portion of the <strong>for</strong>mulation at 40°C to 70°C<br />

with the exception of DISPARLON 4200-10, which<br />

can be added to the letdown or post added.

Disparlon Thixotropes <strong>for</strong> Aqueous Systems<br />

The DISPARLON AQ Series of anti-settling and<br />

pigment orientation agents are recommended <strong>for</strong><br />

use in waterborne coatings, inks, varnishes and<br />

stains. They are extremely shear thinning, which<br />

allows <strong>for</strong> easy application by spray, dip, brush or<br />

roller, while maintaining excellent anti-settling in the<br />

container. The AQ Series is designed to suspend<br />

dense materials such as metallic, pearlescent and<br />

iron oxide pigments, while maintaining low “in can”<br />

viscosity.<br />

Thixotropes <strong>for</strong> Aqueous Systems Selection<br />

Water Reducible Systems<br />

Emulsions and Dispersions<br />

Excellent Anti-Settling Excellent Pigment Orientation Excellent Sag Control<br />

Blank<br />

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Additive Level Attributes/Uses<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQ-600<br />

DISPARLON AQ-600<br />

Water reducible systems<br />

DISPARLON AQ-870<br />

Liquid version of AQ-600<br />

2% AQ-600<br />

Polyamide<br />

Blank<br />

Water<br />

7% Propylene Glycol<br />

Mono Methyl Ether<br />

DISPARLON AQ-607<br />

Dispersions and emulsions<br />

General purpose<br />

DISPARLON AQX-60<br />

Co-solvent free version of AQ-607<br />

2% AQ-600<br />

20%<br />

Gel<br />

Blank<br />

DISPARLON AQ-610<br />

Emulsions and dispersions<br />

DISPARLON AQX-61<br />

Co-solvent free version of AQ-610<br />

AQ Series <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

15 µ<br />

24 µ<br />

35 µ<br />

43 µ<br />

55 µ<br />

With 3% AQ-600<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Water reducible systems.<br />

DISPARLON ® THIXOTROPES<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQ-607<br />

Polyamide<br />

Water<br />

5% Propylene Glycol<br />

Mono Butyl Ether<br />

17%<br />

Gel<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Dispersions and emulsions.<br />

General purpose. Best compatibility.<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQ-610<br />

Polyamide<br />

Water<br />

4% Propylene Glycol<br />

17%<br />

Gel<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Dispersions and emulsions.<br />

DSPARLON<br />

AQ-870<br />

Polyamide<br />

Water<br />

8% 2-ethylhexanol<br />

N, N, trimethylethanolamine<br />

15%<br />

Viscous<br />

0.5-3.0% Water reducible systems.<br />

Liquid version of AQ-600.<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQX-60<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQX-61<br />

Polyamide Water 15%<br />

Paste<br />

Polyamide Water 15%<br />

Paste<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Co-solvent free version of AQ-607.<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Co-solvent free version of AQ-610.<br />

AQ Series Thixotropes <strong>Inc</strong>orporation<br />

These anti-settling agents can be incorporated into<br />

the system in the following way:<br />

• Mix the AQ with water (4 parts water/1 part AQ),<br />

at low to medium shear <strong>for</strong> 20 minutes, and add<br />

to the batch with good mixing.<br />

For best results, the water should be preneutralized<br />

and care should be taken to mix without vortexing to<br />

the blade.<br />

Pages 41 & 42

Disparlon Surface Tension Modifiers<br />

A comparison of defoaming, leveling, anti-cratering<br />

and anti-popping additives as arranged by polarity is<br />

shown below. The products are acrylic and vinyl<br />

based and give excellent recoatability. The OX<br />

series is designed to release air from the coating.<br />

The L Series and LCN-400 are leveling agents.<br />

The LHP series eliminates cratering due to surface<br />

contamination by lowering the surface tension of the<br />

coating. The LAP series eliminates popping in high<br />

solids and coil coatings.<br />

DISPARLON ® SURFACE TENSION MODIFIERS<br />

Surface Tension Modifiers <strong>for</strong> Solventborne Systems Selection Chart<br />

Less Polar<br />

1950<br />

Long Oil<br />

Alkyds<br />

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids %<br />

Form<br />

DISPARLON<br />

1950<br />

DISPARLON<br />

1970<br />

DISPARLON<br />

OX-60<br />

DISPARLON<br />

OX-70<br />

OX-70<br />

Epoxies<br />

MODIFIER’S FUNCTION<br />

Defoaming<br />

Leveling<br />

Anti-popping<br />

Anti-cratering<br />

OX-60<br />

Acrylics &<br />

Polyesters<br />

Vinyl Polymer<br />

Acrylic Polymer<br />

Mineral<br />

Spirits<br />

Xylene<br />

Mineral Spirits<br />

20%<br />

Liquid<br />

40%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer Xylene 50%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer<br />

L-1983<br />

Epoxies<br />

Toluene<br />

Mineral Spirits<br />

L-1982<br />

Epoxy Phenolic<br />

Can <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

LAP-10<br />

<strong>High</strong> Solids Ctgs.<br />

General Purpose<br />

Lower surface tension<br />

Polyacrylate<br />

Lowest surface tension<br />

Silicone Modified<br />

Polyacrylate<br />

Defoamers <strong>for</strong> Solventborne Systems<br />

30%<br />

Liquid<br />

LCN-400<br />

General<br />

Purpose<br />

L-1984<br />

Polyesters<br />

Acrylics<br />

LAP-20<br />

<strong>High</strong> Solids Ctgs.<br />

LHP-90<br />

Wetting & Leveling<br />

Primers & Topcoats<br />

LHP-91<br />

Best surface wetting<br />

Topcoats<br />

Additive Level<br />

By Total Weight<br />

1970<br />

<strong>High</strong> Solids<br />

Polyester<br />

Coil <strong>Coatings</strong><br />

L-1980<br />

Polyesters<br />

LAP-30<br />

<strong>High</strong> Solids Ctgs.<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

0.1 - 0.8% Long oil alkyds <strong>for</strong> architectural<br />

coatings.<br />

0.2 - 1.5% Baking enamels: automotive, coil.<br />

0.2 - 0.8% Acrylic and polyester coatings.<br />

0.2 - 0.8% Epoxy coatings.<br />

More Polar<br />

LHP-95<br />

Wetting & Leveling<br />

Primers & Topcoats<br />

LHP-96<br />

Best surface wetting<br />

Topcoats<br />

L-1985-50<br />

Acetone<br />

Alcohol Ctg.<br />

Anti-popping Agents <strong>for</strong> Solventborne Systems<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LAP-10<br />

Acrylic Polymer<br />

Naphtha<br />

n-Butyl Acetate<br />

20%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.3 - 2.0% All high solids systems.<br />

Select based on coating polarity.<br />

Coil coatings.<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LAP-20<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LAP-30<br />

Acrylic Polymer n-Butyl Acetate 20%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer n-Butyl Acetate 20%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.3 - 2.0% All high solids systems.<br />

Select based on coating polarity.<br />

Intermediate polarity coatings.<br />

0.3 - 2.0% All high solids systems.<br />

Select based on coating polarity.<br />

<strong>High</strong> polarity coatings.

Leveling Agents <strong>for</strong> Solventborne Systems<br />

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids %<br />

Form<br />

Additive Level<br />

By Total<br />

Weight<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

DISPARLON<br />

L-1980<br />

Acrylic Polymer _ 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.1 - 0.5% Polyesters, can, coil.<br />

Complies with FDA 21 CFR*<br />

DISPARLON<br />

L-1982<br />

DISPARLON<br />

L-1983<br />

DISPARLON<br />

L-1984<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LCN-400<br />

DISPARLON<br />

L-1985-50<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LHP-90<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LHP-91<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LHP-95<br />

DISPARLON<br />

LHP-96<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQ-200<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQ-7120<br />

DISPARLON<br />

AQ-501<br />

Acrylic Polymer<br />

_<br />

100%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer _ 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer _ 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer<br />

n-butyl<br />

acetate<br />

50%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer Toluene 50%<br />

Liquid<br />

Vinyl Polymer<br />

Vinyl Polymer<br />

Silicone Modified<br />

Naphtha<br />

Ethyl acetate<br />

N-Butyl alcohol<br />

Naphtha<br />

Ethyl acetate<br />

N-Butyl alcohol<br />

50%<br />

Liquid<br />

50%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer Naphtha 50%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer<br />

Silicone Modified<br />

Naphtha 50%<br />

Liquid<br />

Acrylic Polymer 2-Butoxyethanol 20%<br />

Liquid<br />

Silicone Acrylic<br />

Polymers<br />

Vinyl Polymer<br />

Surfactants<br />

2-Ethylhexyl<br />

Alcohol<br />

Petroleum<br />

Naphtha<br />

0.1 - 0.5% Epoxy phenolic can coatings.<br />

0.1 - 0.5% Epoxy coatings.<br />

Complies with FDA 21 CFR*<br />

0.1 - 0.5% Most versatile. Acrylic and polyester<br />

based coatings. Automotive coatings.<br />

Complies with FDA 21 CFR*<br />

0.1 - 1.0% General purpose, cost effective, easy to<br />

use.<br />

0.1– 1.0% <strong>Coatings</strong> containing very polar solvents,<br />

such as ethanol, methanol, or acetone.<br />

Anti-cratering Agents <strong>for</strong> Solventborne Systems<br />

30%<br />

Liquid<br />

2.0% Excellent substrate wetting and leveling.<br />

Silicone free.<br />

2.0% Silicone modified polyacrylate.Best<br />

substrate wetting <strong>for</strong> automotive<br />

urethanes based on polyesters, acrylics.<br />

2.0% Excellent wetting and leveling.<br />

Silicone free.<br />

2.0% Silicone modified polyacrylate. Best<br />

substrate wetting <strong>for</strong> automotive<br />

urethane clearcoats. FDA 21 CFR*<br />

AQ Series Surface Tension Modifiers <strong>for</strong> Aqueous Systems<br />

85%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.2 - 1.0% Leveling agent <strong>for</strong> water reducible and<br />

emulsion baking systems.<br />

0.5 - 1.5% Excellent wetting and leveling with excellent<br />

recoatability.<br />

0.3 - 1.0% Anti-popping agent <strong>for</strong> water reducible<br />

and emulsion baking systems.<br />

DISPARLON ® SURFACE TENSION MODIFIERS<br />

PL Series Surface Tension Modifiers <strong>for</strong> Powder Systems<br />

DISPARLON<br />

PL-540<br />

Vinyl Polymer<br />

Castor Oil Derivative<br />

100%<br />

Powder<br />

0.5 - 3.0% Excellent non-yellowing properties <strong>for</strong><br />

white and low color systems.<br />

DISPARLON<br />

PL-545<br />

Vinyl Polymer<br />

Castor Oil Derivative<br />

100%<br />

Powder<br />

0.5 - 3.0% General purpose leveling.<br />

Complies with FDA 21 CFR*<br />

Pages 43 & 44<br />

* FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a & b)

Disparlon UVX Series Additives <strong>for</strong> UV Systems<br />

A comparison of solvent-free defoaming, leveling,<br />

and wetting additives as arranged by polarity is<br />

shown below. The UVX series is designed<br />

specifically <strong>for</strong> use in UV <strong>for</strong>mulations. The products<br />

are based on acrylic, vinyl and silicone acrylic<br />

polymers and give excellent recoatability.<br />

DISPARLON ® UVX ADDITIVES FOR UV SYSTEMS<br />

Surface Tension Modifiers <strong>for</strong> Solventborne Systems Selection Chart<br />

Less Polar<br />

UVX-190<br />

Epoxies<br />

Defoaming in Wet Urethane Acrylate Clearcoat<br />

Onset<br />

(0 Minutes)<br />

Elapsed<br />

Time<br />

(90 Minutes)<br />

PRODUCT Composition Solids %<br />

Form<br />

DEFOAMERS<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-188<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-189<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-190<br />

LEVELING ADDITIVES<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-35<br />

UVX-189<br />

General<br />

Purpose<br />

Lowest surface tension<br />

Acrylic Silicone Copolymer<br />

UVX-188<br />

Acrylics<br />

Vinyl Polymer 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

Vinyl Polymer 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

Vinyl Polymer 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

Vinyl Polymer 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

L-1983<br />

Epoxies<br />

UVX-271<br />

Additive Level<br />

By Total Weight<br />

UVX-39<br />

General<br />

Purpose<br />

KEY: MODIFIER FUNCTION Defoaming Leveling Wetting<br />

UVX <strong>Per<strong>for</strong>mance</strong><br />

Control UVX-189 Comp. B<br />

UVX-272<br />

General Purpose<br />

UVX-36<br />

Acrylics<br />

UVX-270<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

0.5 - 1.0% For use in cationic epoxy based UV systems.<br />

0.5 - 1.0% General purpose. For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic<br />

based UV systems.<br />

0.5 - 1.0% For use in acrylic based UV systems.<br />

0.5 - 1.0% For use in highly polar UV systems.<br />

More Polar<br />

UVX-35<br />

<strong>High</strong>est<br />

Polarity<br />

Wetting Comparison<br />

Urethane Acrylate Clearcoat - 50µ on Polypropylene Film<br />

BLANK UVX-270 Fluorocarbon<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-36<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-39<br />

Vinyl Polymer 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

Vinyl Polymer 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.5 - 1.0% For use in acrylic UV systems.<br />

0.5 - 1.0% For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic UV systems.<br />

WETTING ADDITIVES<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-270<br />

Acrylic Silicone<br />

Polymer<br />

100%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.5 - 1.0% Fluorocarbon replacement. For use in cationic epoxy and<br />

acrylic UV systems.<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-271<br />

Acrylic Silicone<br />

Polymer<br />

100%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.5 - 1.0% Fluorocarbon replacement. For use in cationic epoxy and<br />

acrylic UV systems.<br />

DISPARLON<br />

UVX-272<br />

Acrylic Silicone<br />

Polymer<br />

1000%<br />

Liquid<br />

0.5 - 1.0% General purpose, fluorocarbon replacement. For use in<br />

cationic epoxy and acrylic UV systems.

PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids %<br />

Form<br />

Anti-flood & Anti-float<br />

DISPARLON<br />

KS-273N<br />

DISPARLON<br />

KS-873N<br />

Dispersants<br />

DISPARLON<br />

DA-325<br />

Disparlon Dispersants & Anti-flood/Anti-float Additives<br />

The Disparlon dispersing agents are <strong>for</strong>mulated <strong>for</strong><br />

effectiveness, depending upon the pigment type and<br />

the system’s polarity, to:<br />

• Improve color strength and gloss<br />

• Prevent flocculation<br />

• Reduce grinding time<br />

• Reduce-eliminate flood & float problems<br />

Amine Salt of Polyester<br />

with Acrylic Polymer<br />

Xylene 45%<br />

Liquid<br />

Anionic Surfactant Xylene 45%<br />

Liquid<br />

Amine Salt of Polyester<br />

Phosphate Ester<br />

- 100%<br />

Liquid<br />

While all products are well suited in eliminating<br />

floating problems, each has specific strengths in<br />

terms of other characteristics such as the prevention<br />

of flooding and Bernard cell <strong>for</strong>mation, as well as<br />

imparting superior pigment wetting and stabilization<br />

of the pigment dispersion. Dispersants should be<br />

added to the vehicle be<strong>for</strong>e pigment addition;<br />

KS-273N and KS-873N can be post added.<br />

Additive Level<br />

By Total Weight<br />

Attributes/Uses<br />

0.2 - 1.0% Mixed organic and inorganic<br />

pigments. Prevents flocculation.<br />

0.2 - 1.0% Mixed organic and inorganic<br />

pigments. Prevents flocculation.<br />

1-20% -Pigment weight<br />

(Inorganic Pigments/Fillers)<br />

30-100% Pigment weight<br />

(Organic Pigments/Carbon<br />

Black)<br />

Solvent-free. Dispersing of<br />

organic pigments.<br />

DISPARLON ® ANTI-FLOOD & ANTI-FLOAT AGENTS<br />

WARRANTY OF INFORMATION<br />

The conditions of your use and application of our products, technical assistance and in<strong>for</strong>mation (whether verbal, written or by way of product evaluations),<br />

including any suggested <strong>for</strong>mulations and recommendations, are beyond our control. There<strong>for</strong>e, it is imperative that you test our products, technical<br />

assistance and in<strong>for</strong>mation to determine to your own satisfaction whether they are suitable <strong>for</strong> your intended uses and applications. Such testing has not<br />

necessarily been done by <strong>King</strong> <strong>Industries</strong>, <strong>Inc</strong>. (“<strong>King</strong>”). The facts, recommendations and suggestions herein stated are believed to be reliable; however, no<br />

guaranty or warranty of their accuracy is made. EXCEPT AS STATED, THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF<br />

MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS OR OTHERWISE. KING SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR<br />

EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. Any statement inconsistent herewith is not authorized and shall not bind <strong>King</strong>. Nothing herein shall be construed as a<br />

recommendation to use any product(s) in conflict with patents covering any material or its use. No license is implied or granted under the claims of any<br />

patent. Sales or use of all products are pursuant to Standard Terms and Conditions stated in <strong>King</strong> sales documents.<br />

WARRANTY OF<br />

INFORMATION<br />

CGB-103009US

2010GENBROPR1

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