agronomy of sweet sorghum - NARI
agronomy of sweet sorghum - NARI agronomy of sweet sorghum - NARI
Major diseases a) Leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) : This disease occurs under cloudy and humid conditions. The necrotic areas are more than 2.5 cm long and narrow with a straw-colored center. To control it spray 1250 g of either mancozeb or copper oxychloride in 500 litre water/ha. Seed treatment with thiram @ 2.0 g/kg is also effective. b) Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) : Softening of basal stalk, lodging and poor grain filling are the evident external symptoms. The lower stem regions of the infected plants become soft, discolored and hollow resulting in lodging. Losses in grain yield and reduced seed size occur due to premature drying and lodging. Soil treatment with thiram @ 4.5 kg/ha at sowing can reduce the charcoal rot by 15%. 11) Harvesting : The crop can be harvested after the grain becomes physiologically mature. First the panicles are harvested and then the stalk can be harvested within 15-20 days for syrup, jaggery or alcohol production. Important hints : i) For fodder, the crop can be harvested just after flowering (i.e.70-75 days after sowing). ii) For syrup, jaggery or alcohol production, the stalks should be harvested within 15-20 days of grain maturity as after that the stalk weight and sugar percentage in juice may be reduced. iii) Before extracting the juice, especially for syrup or jaggery production, the stalks should be stripped of leaves. iv) The stalks should be crushed as soon as possible after harvest for jaggery production and 12-18 hours after harvest for syrup production. In any case juice extraction should be carried out within 24 hours of harvest. Ratooning : A ratoon of hybrid “Madhura” can be taken for grain and fodder. After harvesting, a fertilizer dose of 50 kg each of N:P:K per hectare should be applied and the crop should be irrigated. Ratoon crop is ready for harvest within 90 days. For seed and other details please contact : NARI President Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 44, PHALTAN-415523, Maharashtra, India. Telephone : Office : 91-2166-222396 Fax : 91-2166-220945 E-mail : nariphaltan@gmail.com Webpage : http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net ©NARI 2006 4
- Page 1 and 2: Multipurpose sweet-stalked sorghum
- Page 3: 10) Plant protection : Major pests
Major diseases<br />
a) Leaf blight (Exserohilum<br />
turcicum) : This disease occurs<br />
under cloudy and humid<br />
conditions. The necrotic areas<br />
are more than 2.5 cm long and<br />
narrow with a straw-colored<br />
center. To control it spray<br />
1250 g <strong>of</strong> either mancozeb or<br />
copper oxychloride in 500<br />
litre water/ha. Seed treatment<br />
with thiram @ 2.0 g/kg is also<br />
effective.<br />
b) Charcoal rot (Macrophomina<br />
phaseolina) : S<strong>of</strong>tening <strong>of</strong><br />
basal stalk, lodging and poor<br />
grain filling are the evident<br />
external symptoms. The lower<br />
stem regions <strong>of</strong> the infected<br />
plants become s<strong>of</strong>t, discolored<br />
and hollow resulting in lodging.<br />
Losses in grain yield and<br />
reduced seed size occur due to<br />
premature drying and lodging.<br />
Soil treatment with thiram @<br />
4.5 kg/ha at sowing can reduce<br />
the charcoal rot by 15%.<br />
11) Harvesting : The crop can be<br />
harvested after the grain becomes<br />
physiologically mature. First the<br />
panicles are harvested and then the<br />
stalk can be harvested within 15-20<br />
days for syrup, jaggery or alcohol<br />
production.<br />
Important hints :<br />
i) For fodder, the crop can be<br />
harvested just after flowering<br />
(i.e.70-75 days after sowing).<br />
ii)<br />
For syrup, jaggery or alcohol<br />
production, the stalks should be<br />
harvested within 15-20 days <strong>of</strong><br />
grain maturity as after that the stalk<br />
weight and sugar percentage in<br />
juice may be reduced.<br />
iii) Before extracting the juice,<br />
especially for syrup or jaggery<br />
production, the stalks should be<br />
stripped <strong>of</strong> leaves.<br />
iv)<br />
The stalks should be crushed as<br />
soon as possible after harvest for<br />
jaggery production and 12-18<br />
hours after harvest for syrup<br />
production. In any case juice<br />
extraction should be carried out<br />
within 24 hours <strong>of</strong> harvest.<br />
Ratooning : A ratoon <strong>of</strong> hybrid<br />
“Madhura” can be taken for grain and<br />
fodder. After harvesting, a fertilizer dose<br />
<strong>of</strong> 50 kg each <strong>of</strong> N:P:K per hectare<br />
should be applied and the crop should be<br />
irrigated. Ratoon crop is ready for harvest<br />
within 90 days.<br />
For seed and other details please contact :<br />
<strong>NARI</strong><br />
President<br />
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute,<br />
P.O. Box 44,<br />
PHALTAN-415523, Maharashtra, India.<br />
Telephone : Office : 91-2166-222396<br />
Fax : 91-2166-220945<br />
E-mail : nariphaltan@gmail.com<br />
Webpage : http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net<br />
©<strong>NARI</strong> 2006 4
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