best practice management guide for south-eastern Australia - Grains ...

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Nutrition and soil fertility Farmer test strips Farmers should conduct their own trials to assess nutrient needs. Visual assessment can be misleading, so make trial evaluations in harvested yield. A simple trial can be done on a measured area along one side of a paddock (wider than the header) that can be harvested and weighed in bulk or checked with the header’s yield monitor. Test strips are usually quick to do by adjusting the feeding mechanism to apply different rates of fertiliser in the strips along the paddock. Alternatively, seek help from your agronomist or consultant. Herbicides are central to any weed management strategy in canola. Photo: G Saunders, Artisan Design 40 Canola best practice management guide
Weed management 8. Weed management Andrew Storrie, Steve Sutherland, NSW DPI; and Chris Preston, University of Adelaide Canola is highly susceptible to weed competition during the early stages of growth, making early weed control essential. Although canola’s competitive ability improves markedly once the crop canopy has closed, serious yield losses can occur beforehand. Weeds present at harvest can cause excessive weed seed contamination reducing grain quality. As well as yield and quality considerations, uncontrolled weeds (i.e. weeds still growing in the crop after all treatments have been used) will add seeds to the soil seedbank, creating an ongoing weed problem. Weed control in canola must utilise the range of available herbicide and non-herbicide options, that is, integrated weed management (IWM). For simplicity, herbicide control is discussed in the first part of this chapter and IWM is covered in the second part. Weed management with herbicides If weeds are very dense, they represent a greater threat to yield, especially if herbicide control is poor. Table 8.1 shows the impact of initial weed density and herbicide control percentage on final weed density. In the above case, if herbicide control drops by 20 per cent, the final weed densities jump to 2500, 250 and 25 plants/m 2 respectively. Therefore, the greater the initial weed density, the higher the final number of weeds, especially if herbicide effectiveness is reduced. In addition, if large numbers of weeds are sprayed, the likelihood of herbicide resistant biotypes being present increases. Constant spraying of high weed numbers, especially with the same mode-of-action (MOA) herbicide group, will accelerate the evolution of herbicide resistant weed populations. The choice of weed management strategies will depend Table 8.1 Impact of initial density on final weed numbers Initial density Final weed density (plants/m 2 ) 95% control (plants/m 2 ) 75% control (plants/m 2 ) 10,000 500 2500 1000 50 250 100 5 25 Canola best practice management guide 41
Page 1 and 2: Canola best practice management gui
Page 3 and 4: Contents Contents 1. Introduction..
Page 5 and 6: Introduction 1. Introduction Don Mc
Page 7 and 8: Grain quality 2. Grain quality Rod
Page 9 and 10: Grain quality Erucic acid The level
Page 11 and 12: The canola plant and how it grows 3
Page 13 and 14: The canola plant and how it grows S
Page 15 and 16: Crop rotation and paddock selection
Page 21 and 22: Crop establishment 5. Crop establis
Page 23 and 24: Crop establishment Certified seed i
Page 25 and 26: Crop establishment Dry sowing in dr
Page 27 and 28: Crop establishment Sowing depth - g
Page 29 and 30: Canola in the low-rainfall cropping
Page 31 and 32: Nutrition and soil fertility 7. Nut
Page 33 and 34: Nutrition and soil fertility Nitrog
Page 35 and 36: Nutrition and soil fertility Sulfur
Page 37 and 38: Nutrition and soil fertility Molybd
Page 39: Nutrition and soil fertility Mangan
Page 43 and 44: Weed management of the herbicide to
Page 45 and 46: Weed management Burning windrows ca
Page 47 and 48: Pests of canola 9. Pests of canola
Page 49 and 50: Pests of canola Cutworm caterpillar
Page 51 and 52: Pests of canola Lucerne flea. Photo
Page 53 and 54: Pests of canola Controlling snails
Page 55 and 56: Pests of canola Winged aphids migra
Page 57 and 58: Pests of canola bag or plastic tray
Page 59 and 60: Diseases of canola 10. Diseases of
Page 61 and 62: Diseases of canola Figure 10.1 2009
Page 63 and 64: Diseases of canola Alternaria leaf
Page 65 and 66: Diseases of canola Downy mildew on
Page 67 and 68: Grazing and fodder conservation 11.
Page 69 and 70: Grazing and fodder conservation Gro
Page 71 and 72: Irrigation management 12. Irrigatio
Page 73 and 74: Irrigation management Terraced cont
Page 75 and 76: Bees and pollination 13. Bees and p
Page 77 and 78: Windrowing and harvesting 14. Windr
Page 79 and 80: Windrowing and harvesting Windrowin
Page 81 and 82: Windrowing and harvesting Severe wi
Page 83 and 84: Windrowing and harvesting Timing of
Page 85 and 86: Post-harvest management 15. Post-ha
Page 87 and 88: Marketing 16. Marketing Dick Benson
Page 89 and 90: Marketing because of a sudden colla
Page 91 and 92:
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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