best practice management guide for south-eastern Australia - Grains ...

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Crop rotation and paddock selection Canola crop showing excellent recovery after grazing. Photo: N. Coutanche, Lachlan Fertilisers n ensure sufficient stock are available to capitalise on the high-value forage. Plan on around 600–800 DSE x grazing days/ha (for example, four weeks @ 25 DSE/ ha) and graze evenly for uniform maturity. Few animal health issues have been reported but use the section on “Minimising stock health risks” (Chapter 11) as a guideline; n remove stock before stem elongation (bolting) to avoid a yield or oil penalty, or graze elongated crops lightly to avoid stock removing the main stem. Heavy or late grazing delays flowering and increases the risk of yield and oil penalties; n assess the potential yield penalty of grazing against the grazing value and overall system benefits including pasture spelling and break crop benefits in evaluating the concept; and n consult local agronomists for the latest recommendations and try small areas first. 20 Canola best practice management guide
Crop establishment 5. Crop establishment Leigh Jenkins, NSW DPI Successful crop establishment is crucial to achieve maximum potential yield. Timeliness of sowing is the most important factor followed by an evenly established and uniform plant stand. Canola has a small seed and should ideally be sown into good moisture at an even and shallow depth. Successful establishment is linked to crop profitability through: n higher yields, from quick and uniformly emerging seedlings; n maximum yields are achieved from crops which have at least 90 per cent ground cover prior to bud appearance; n improving the ability of canola to withstand insect attack and compete with weeds in the first six weeks; n even growth and maturity, allowing timely in-crop management decisions such as weed control, fertiliser applications and insect control; and n more even ripening improving the timing of windrowing and harvest. Pre-sowing management Soil preparation To ensure good seed to soil contact, place the seed into a seedbed that is firm, level and moist near the surface. Avoid sowing into loose or ‘fluffy’ soil. If adequate seed soil contact does not occur, the small canola seed cannot absorb enough moisture from the loose drying soil, resulting in a reduced and/or staggered germination (often occurring over six weeks). Heavy stubble cover on the surface can reduce emergence and early vigour. However, some surface cover is desirable to prevent wind and water erosion and sand blasting on sandy soils. Like wheat, canola will benefit from stored subsoil moisture, particularly in marginal cropping areas, where winter and spring rainfall is unreliable. Manage fallows efficiently to maximise the amount of moisture at sowing. Generally, pre-sowing operations for dryland crops should be finalised by the end of March or early April in low-rainfall A uniformly established crop is the foundation for a potential high yield. Photo: F. Pritchard, ICF Canola best practice management guide 21
Page 1 and 2: Canola best practice management gui
Page 3 and 4: Contents Contents 1. Introduction..
Page 5 and 6: Introduction 1. Introduction Don Mc
Page 7 and 8: Grain quality 2. Grain quality Rod
Page 9 and 10: Grain quality Erucic acid The level
Page 11 and 12: The canola plant and how it grows 3
Page 13 and 14: The canola plant and how it grows S
Page 15 and 16: Crop rotation and paddock selection
Page 17 and 18: Crop rotation and paddock selection
Page 19: Crop rotation and paddock selection
Page 23 and 24: Crop establishment Certified seed i
Page 25 and 26: Crop establishment Dry sowing in dr
Page 27 and 28: Crop establishment Sowing depth - g
Page 29 and 30: Canola in the low-rainfall cropping
Page 31 and 32: Nutrition and soil fertility 7. Nut
Page 33 and 34: Nutrition and soil fertility Nitrog
Page 35 and 36: Nutrition and soil fertility Sulfur
Page 37 and 38: Nutrition and soil fertility Molybd
Page 39 and 40: Nutrition and soil fertility Mangan
Page 41 and 42: Weed management 8. Weed management
Page 43 and 44: Weed management of the herbicide to
Page 45 and 46: Weed management Burning windrows ca
Page 47 and 48: Pests of canola 9. Pests of canola
Page 49 and 50: Pests of canola Cutworm caterpillar
Page 51 and 52: Pests of canola Lucerne flea. Photo
Page 53 and 54: Pests of canola Controlling snails
Page 55 and 56: Pests of canola Winged aphids migra
Page 57 and 58: Pests of canola bag or plastic tray
Page 59 and 60: Diseases of canola 10. Diseases of
Page 61 and 62: Diseases of canola Figure 10.1 2009
Page 63 and 64: Diseases of canola Alternaria leaf
Page 65 and 66: Diseases of canola Downy mildew on
Page 67 and 68: Grazing and fodder conservation 11.
Page 69 and 70: Grazing and fodder conservation Gro
Page 71 and 72:
Irrigation management 12. Irrigatio
Page 73 and 74:
Irrigation management Terraced cont
Page 75 and 76:
Bees and pollination 13. Bees and p
Page 77 and 78:
Windrowing and harvesting 14. Windr
Page 79 and 80:
Windrowing and harvesting Windrowin
Page 81 and 82:
Windrowing and harvesting Severe wi
Page 83 and 84:
Windrowing and harvesting Timing of
Page 85 and 86:
Post-harvest management 15. Post-ha
Page 87 and 88:
Marketing 16. Marketing Dick Benson
Page 89 and 90:
Marketing because of a sudden colla
Page 91 and 92:
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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