Diabetic Retinopathy & Medical Retina - aioseducation

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Diabetic Retinopathy and Medical Retina Free Papers to correspond precisely to the leakage point on FA. When the retina detached, the appearance of the outer retinal layer changed; the external limiting membrane persisted, although the IS/OS could not be detected in all eyes, as recently reported by Ojimaet al. 30 After resolution of CSC, PED is still evident on OCT. In chronic recurrent cases, irregular loss of pigment from the RPE was evident angiographically as mottled areas of hyperfluorescence.In some cases the descending RPE atrophic tract is nicely visible in FA, which indicades previous exudative detachment in the inferior part of the retina. Puliafito et. al. 31 used the OCT for the first time in imaging the macular diseases including the CSC. Later, Heeet al 32 correlated the OCT findings with slit lamp biomicroscopy, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. They could detect detachments with the OCT that remained undetected in FA. Moreover, OCT may also help to track the resolution of the subretinal fluid. Morphologic changes in eyes with CSC have been reported using optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT shows the various features of CSC, including retinal detachment (RD), fibrinous exudation, and cystic changes within the retina. Several investigators have applied indocyanine green angiography to evaluate the eyes with CSC. They observed that ICG in CSC can reach the subretinal space through a RPE defect. Many investigators 33,34,35,36 observed correspondence of the ICG leakage with the fluorescein leaking point in 79– 81% of cases of acute CSC. In the remaining 20% of the cases, it was presumed that either the RPE defect was not enough for the passage of the dye, or the rate of dye leakage was not enough to produce hyperfluorescence contrasting with the background fluorescence. We showed that simultaneous imaging using spectralis provides a better understanding of the structural changes taking place during the clinical course of ICSC. Further studies may providea better understanding of CSC pathology. REFERENCES 1. Sanny CN, Gragoudas ES. Laser photocoagulation treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Int. Ophthalmol Clin 1994;34:109–19. 2. Yannuzi LA, Schatz H, Gitter KA. Central serous chorioretinopathy. The Macula: A Comprehensive text and Atlas. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins: 1979:145–65. 3. Gilbert CM, Owens SL, Smith PD, Fine SL. Long term follow up of central serous chorioretinopathy. Br J. Ophthalmol 1984;68:815-20. 4. Gelber GS, Schatz H. Loss of vision due to central serous chorioretinopathy following psychologicalstress. Am J Psychiatry 1987;144:46–50. 5. Castro – Correia J, Coutinho MF, Rosas V, Maia J. Long term follow up of central serous chorioretinopathy in 150 patients. Doc Ophthalmologica 1992;81:379–86. 6. Bennet G. Central Serous retinopathy. Br. J. Ophthalmol 1955;39:605–18. 859
70th AIOC Proceedings, Cochin 2012 7. Gass JD, Norton EWD, Justice J jr. Serous detachment of retinal pigment epithelium. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1966;70:990–1015. 8. Gass JDM. Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuroepithelium. Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J. Ophthalmol 1967;63:587–615. 9. Burton TC.Central Serous Retinopathy. In: Blodi E. Ed.St Louis: C.V. Mosby: 1972; 1–28. 10. Klein ML, Van Buskirk EM, Friedman E. et. al. Experience with non treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1974;91:247–50. 11. Schatz H. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and detachment of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1975;15:159-68. 12. Kolin J, Oosterhhuis JA. Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy in Central Serous detachment of sensory epithelium. Doc ophthalmol. 1975;39:1–12. 13. Gas JDM. Photocoagulation treatment of idiopathic central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Trans Am Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1977;83:456-63. 14. Schatz H, Madeira D, Johnson RN et. al. Cental serous chorioretinopathy occurring in patients 60 years of age and older. Ophthalmology 1992;99:63–7. 15. Piccolino FC, Borgia I. Central serous chorioretinopathy and indocyanine green angiography. Retina 1994;14:231–42. 16. Prunte C, Flammer J. Choroidal capillary and venous congestion in central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J. Ophthalmol 1996;121:26–34. 17. Guyer DR. Central serous chorioretinopathy. Indocyanine green angiography. In:Yannuzzi LA, Flower RW, Slakter JS. Eds. St Louis: Mosby: 1997;297–304. 18. Shiraki K, Moriwaki M, Matsumoto M et. al. Long term follow up of severe central serous chorioretinopathy using Indocyanine green angiography. Intophthalmol 1998;21:245-53. 19. Nadel AJ, Turan MI, Coles RS. Central serous retinopathy: a generalized disease of the pigment epithelium. Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1979;20:76-88. 20. Hisataka Fujimoto, FumiGomi, Taku Wakabayashi et. al. Morphologic Changes in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Evaluated by Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1494–1500. 21. AngelosDellaporta. Central Serous Retinopathy TR. AM. OPHTH. Soc., vol. LXXIV, 1976. 22. Gilbert CM, Owens SL, Smith PD, etal.Long term followup of central serous chorioretinopathy. Br J. Ophthalmology 1984;68:815-20. 23. Kolin J, Oosterhhuis JA. Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophyin central serous detachment of sensory epithelium. Doc Ophthalmol 1975;39:1-12. 24. Multak JA, Dutton GN, Zeini M et. al. Central visual function in patients with resolved central serous retinopathy. A long term follow up study. Acta Ophthalmologica 1989;67:532–6. 25. Spitznas M. Central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmology 1980;87:88. 26. Spitznas M, Huke J. Number, shape and topography of leakage points in acute type central serous retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1987;225:437–40. 860
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