Pdf Version - Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College

About the College
Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad is affiliated to Mahamaya Technical University (MTU) and
is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education. The College was
established in 1998 and offers B.Tech. courses in six disciplines of
Engineering. The college also offers postgraduate courses in Computer
Application (MCA) and M.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering,
Automation & Robotics, Electronics and Communication Engineering and
Electrical Power Energy Systems. The college strives for excellence and has
the distinction of receiving Academic Excellence Award for Best Engineering College in UPTU consecutively
for two years.
The college has the distinction of being the only Engineering College in the state of Uttar Pradesh to have
received approval from Deptt. of Science & Technology, Government of India, for establishment of Centre of
Relevance and Excellence (CORE) in the field of Automation & Robotics under the mission REACH of TIFAC.
The college has also established India's first industrial robotics training centre in collaboration with Kuka
Robotics to train the students & technical manpower in advance robotics technologies.
Why Functioanl Programming matters
As software becomes more and more complex, it is more and more important to structure it well. Wellstructured
software is easy to write, easy to debug, and provides a collection of modules that can be re-used to
reduce future programming costs. Conventional languages place conceptual limits on the way problems can
be modularized. Functional languages push those limits back.
Functional programming is very different from imperative programming. The most significant differences
stem from the fact that functional programming avoids side effects, which are used in imperative
programming to implement state and I/O. Pure functional programming disallows side effects completely
and so provides referential transparency, which makes it easier to verify, optimize, and parallelize programs,
and easier to write automated tools to perform those tasks.
To assist modular programming, a language must provide good glue. Functional programming languages
provide two new kinds of glue - higher-order functions and lazy evaluation. Using these glues one can
modularize programs in new and exciting ways.
PROGRAMMING
IMPERATIVE
Functional programming has long been popular in academia, but with few industrial applications. However,
recently several prominent functional programming languages have been used in commercial or industrial
systems. For example, the Erlang programming language, which was developed by the Swedish company
Ericsson in the late 1980s, was originally used to implement fault-tolerant telecommunications systems. It has
since become popular for building a range of applications at companies such as T-Mobile, Nortel, Facebook
and EDF. The Scheme dialect of Lisp was used as the basis for several applications on early Apple Macintosh
computers, and has more recently been applied to problems such as training simulation software and
telescope control. Objective Caml, which was introduced in the mid 1990s, has seen commercial use in areas
such as financial analysis, driver verification, industrial robot programming, and static analysis of embedded
software. Haskell, although initially intended as a research language, has also been applied by a range of
companies, in areas such as aerospace systems, hardware design, and web programming. Other functional
programming languages that have seen use in industry include Scala, F#, Lisp, Standard ML, and Clojure.
DECLARATIVE
PROCEDURAL
E.G. FORTRAN,C
OBJECT ORIENTED
E.G. C++,JAVA
LOGIC
E.G. PROLOG
FUNCTIONAL
E.G. HASKELL, ERLANG
This FDP is an attempt to demonstrate to the “ real world ” that functional programming is vitally important,
and also to help functional programmers exploit its advantages to the full by making it clear what those
advantages are.