Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle Control and Cancer Stem Cells
Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle Control and Cancer Stem Cells Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle Control and Cancer Stem Cells
Hallmark Tumor suppressor Function Evading apoptosis p53 Induces apoptotic genes (Bax) Self-sufficiency in Pten Dephosphorylates PIP3, counteracting PI3K growth signal pRb Inhibits E2F - cell proliferation Insensitivity to anti- SMAD4 Induces CDK4/6 inhibitor p16 ink4a in response to TGF growth signals p16 ink4a Inhibits cyclins DNA damage stress ATM Induces p53 and DNA repair machinery Mitotic stress LATS2 Inhibits MDM2 (activates p53) Normoxia VHL E3 ligase of HIF-1 (induces angiogenesis)
signal + Signaling, oncogenes, tumor-suppressors and non-oncogene addiction Oncogene - Tumor suppressor - Negative regulator that is not mutated/lost in cancer + Positive regulator that is not activated in cancer but its inactivation blocks signaling - non-oncogene addiction
- Page 1 and 2: Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle
- Page 3: Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Gener
- Page 9 and 10: Isolation of tumorigenic cells. Al-
- Page 11 and 12: Phenotypic diversity in tumors aris
- Page 13: A model depicting the hierarchical
- Page 17: Implications of CSC model to chemot
- Page 20 and 21: Proto-oncogenes promote hallmarks o
- Page 24 and 25: For example: The phosphatidylinosit
- Page 26 and 27: Notes: • On average: 24 gains and
- Page 28 and 29: Regulation of cell cycle progressio
- Page 30 and 31: Phosphorylation of the retinoblasto
- Page 32 and 33: Fluctuation of cyclin levels during
- Page 34 and 35: Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylatio
- Page 36 and 37: Figure 8.23d The Biology of Cancer
- Page 38 and 39: LxCxE binding LxCxE motif Figure 8.
- Page 40 and 41: Actions of CDK inhibitors Figure 8.
- Page 42 and 43: Figure 8.15a The Biology of Cancer
- Page 44 and 45: Regulation of p27 localization AKT
- Page 46 and 47: How do p21 and p27 regulate G1 cycl
- Page 48: As D type cyclins accumulate during
- Page 51 and 52: Mouse development and cell prolifer
- Page 53 and 54: Molecular Analyses of G1 Phase Prog
- Page 55 and 56: cyclin E phosphorylates p27 on Thr-
- Page 57 and 58: Positive and negative regulation of
Hallmark<br />
<strong>Tumor</strong><br />
suppressor<br />
Function<br />
Evading apoptosis p53 Induces apoptotic genes (Bax)<br />
Self-sufficiency in Pten Dephosphorylates PIP3, counteracting PI3K<br />
growth signal pRb Inhibits E2F - cell proliferation<br />
Insensitivity to anti- SMAD4 Induces CDK4/6 inhibitor p16 ink4a in response to TGF<br />
growth signals p16 ink4a Inhibits cyclins<br />
DNA damage stress ATM Induces p53 <strong>and</strong> DNA repair machinery<br />
Mitotic stress LATS2 Inhibits MDM2 (activates p53)<br />
Normoxia VHL E3 ligase of HIF-1 (induces angiogenesis)
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