Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle Control and Cancer Stem Cells
Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle Control and Cancer Stem Cells Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle Control and Cancer Stem Cells
Proto-oncogenes promote hallmarks of cancer and are activated in human cancer Tumor suppressors (TS) inhibit hallmarks of cancer and are lost in human cancer
For example, evasion of apoptosis: • Bcl-2 is a survival factor (It inhibits mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c, which is required for caspase activation and cell death). - Bcl-2 is amplified in cancer - oncogene • p53 is an anti-survival factor (among other functions, it transcriptionally activates Bax which induces MOMP and cell death) -p53 is lost/mutated in cancer hence a TS (however most mutations in p53 are not null but dominant negative that also inhibit p63 - hence oncogenic) • The TS RB inhibits cell proliferation - but also apoptosis. Its loss leads to ectopic proliferation (oncogenic) but also so apoptosis (tumor suppression).
- Page 1 and 2: Tumor Initiating Cells, Cell Cycle
- Page 3: Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Gener
- Page 9 and 10: Isolation of tumorigenic cells. Al-
- Page 11 and 12: Phenotypic diversity in tumors aris
- Page 13: A model depicting the hierarchical
- Page 17: Implications of CSC model to chemot
- Page 22 and 23: Hallmark Tumor suppressor Function
- Page 24 and 25: For example: The phosphatidylinosit
- Page 26 and 27: Notes: • On average: 24 gains and
- Page 28 and 29: Regulation of cell cycle progressio
- Page 30 and 31: Phosphorylation of the retinoblasto
- Page 32 and 33: Fluctuation of cyclin levels during
- Page 34 and 35: Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylatio
- Page 36 and 37: Figure 8.23d The Biology of Cancer
- Page 38 and 39: LxCxE binding LxCxE motif Figure 8.
- Page 40 and 41: Actions of CDK inhibitors Figure 8.
- Page 42 and 43: Figure 8.15a The Biology of Cancer
- Page 44 and 45: Regulation of p27 localization AKT
- Page 46 and 47: How do p21 and p27 regulate G1 cycl
- Page 48: As D type cyclins accumulate during
- Page 51 and 52: Mouse development and cell prolifer
- Page 53 and 54: Molecular Analyses of G1 Phase Prog
- Page 55 and 56: cyclin E phosphorylates p27 on Thr-
- Page 57 and 58: Positive and negative regulation of
Proto-oncogenes promote hallmarks of cancer<br />
<strong>and</strong> are activated in human cancer<br />
<strong>Tumor</strong> suppressors (TS) inhibit hallmarks of cancer<br />
<strong>and</strong> are lost in human cancer
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