High performance capillary electrophoresis - T.E.A.M.

Table of content
Foreword .................................................................................................. i
Scope .................................................................................................... 10
1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 11
1.1 High performance capillary electrophoresis (CE)—an overview ............ 12
1.2 Current state of development ........................................................................ 13
1.3 Characteristics of CE ...................................................................................... 14
2. Principles of capillary electrophoresis ...................................... 15
2.1 Historical background and development ..................................................... 16
2.2 High performance capillary electrophoresis (CE) ...................................... 17
2.3 Theory ............................................................................................................... 17
2.3.1 Electrophoresis ............................................................................................... 13
2.3.2 Electro-osmotic flow (EOF) ............................................................................ 19
2.3.2.1 EOF control ....................................................................................................... 24
2.3.3 Analytical parameters .................................................................................... 26
2.3.3.1 Mobility and migration time ........................................................................... 26
2.3.4 Dispersion ........................................................................................................ 28
2.3.4.1 Factors affecting efficiency ........................................................................... 30
2.3.4.2 Joule heating ................................................................................................... 31
2.3.4.3 Injection plug length ....................................................................................... 35
2.3.4.4 Solute-wall interactions ................................................................................. 36
2.3.4.5 Electrodispersion ............................................................................................ 40
2.3.5 Resolution ........................................................................................................ 42
3. Modes of operation ......................................................................... 45
3.1 Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ........................................................... 47
3.1.1 Selectivity and the use of additives ............................................................. 48
3.1.1.1 Buffer selection ............................................................................................... 48
3.1.1.2 Buffer pH .......................................................................................................... 50
3.1.1.3 Surfactants ...................................................................................................... 51
3.1.1.4 Chiral selectors ............................................................................................... 52
3.1.1.5 Temperature ..................................................................................................... 54
3.1.2 Capillary wall modifications .......................................................................... 54
3.1.2.1 Bonded or adhered phases ........................................................................... 55
3.1.2.2 Dynamic deactivation ..................................................................................... 57
3.1.3 Applications of CZE ......................................................................................... 58
3.2 Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) ...................................... 62
3.2.1 Applications of MEKC ..................................................................................... 67
3.3 Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) .............................................................. 69
3.3.1 Applications of CGE ........................................................................................ 73
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