High performance capillary electrophoresis - T.E.A.M.
High performance capillary electrophoresis - T.E.A.M.
High performance capillary electrophoresis - T.E.A.M.
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Modes<br />
Additive Example Use<br />
Surfactants SDS, CTAB, BRIJ, • EOF modification<br />
(anionic, cationic, TWEEN • Solubilize hydrophobic solutes<br />
or neutral)<br />
• Ion pairing<br />
• MEKC above CMC<br />
Zwitterionic MES, Tris, CHAPS, • Increase ionic strength<br />
substances CHAPSO without increasing conductivity<br />
• Affect selectivity of proteins<br />
Linear hydrophilic Methyl cellulose, • Reduce EOF<br />
polymers polyacrylamide, • Minimize sample adsorption<br />
PEG, PVA<br />
at low concentrations<br />
• CGE at high concentrations<br />
Organic modifiers Methanol, • Alter EOF (generally reduce)<br />
acetonitrile, TFA • Change selectivity in MEKC<br />
and chiral analyses<br />
Chiral selectors Cyclodextrins, • Chiral separations<br />
crown ethers, • Solubilization of hydrophobic<br />
bile salts<br />
solutes<br />
Metal ions K + , Na + , Cu 2+ , Li + • Alter selectivity in MEKC<br />
and CGE<br />
Hydrogen bonding Urea • Melt double stranded DNA<br />
/solubilizing agents<br />
in CGE<br />
• Solubilize proteins<br />
• Alter selectivity in MEKC<br />
Complexing buffers Borate • Carbohydrate and catechol<br />
separations<br />
Table 9<br />
Additives in CE<br />
Quaternary amines Diaminopropane • Ion pairing<br />
• EOF reversal<br />
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