Psychiatric Diagnosis and Classification - ResearchGate
Psychiatric Diagnosis and Classification - ResearchGate
Psychiatric Diagnosis and Classification - ResearchGate
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198 PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION<br />
The instrument has been used in epidemiological studies throughout the<br />
world [68]. The present version 4.0 makes the DIS also attractive as a<br />
diagnostic instrument for clinical settings. The instrument is available<br />
through the Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri http://epi.wustl.<br />
edu/dis/dishome.htm).<br />
The Composite International Diagnostic Interview CIDI)<br />
The CIDI [69] is a comprehensive, fully structured diagnostic instrument<br />
for the assessment of mental disorders according to the definitions <strong>and</strong><br />
criteria of ICD-10 <strong>and</strong> DSM-IV. It was developed as a joint project between<br />
the WHO <strong>and</strong> the former United States Alcohol, Drug Abuse <strong>and</strong> Mental<br />
Health Administration ADAMHA). It has been translated into some 25<br />
languages <strong>and</strong> thereby is the most widely used structured interview in the<br />
world, regularly revised <strong>and</strong> improved by an international advisory committee.<br />
The CIDI has been designed for use in a variety of cultures <strong>and</strong> settings. It<br />
is primarily intended for use in epidemiological <strong>and</strong> cross-cultural studies,<br />
but can also be used for clinical <strong>and</strong> research purposes.<br />
The interview is modular <strong>and</strong> covers presently somatoform disorders,<br />
anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, mania, schizophrenia, eating disorders,<br />
cognitive impairment, <strong>and</strong> substance use disorders.<br />
Version 1.0 was released in December 1990, version 1.1 in May 1993, <strong>and</strong><br />
version 2.1 in January 1997 [70]. The current version 2.1 is available in a<br />
lifetime <strong>and</strong> a 12-month form <strong>and</strong> has 15 sections: a) Demographics; b)<br />
Nicotine use disorder; c) Somatoform <strong>and</strong> dissociative disorders; d) Phobic<br />
<strong>and</strong> other anxiety disorders; e) Depressive disorders <strong>and</strong> dysthymic disorder;<br />
f) Manic <strong>and</strong> bipolar affective disorder; g) Schizophrenia <strong>and</strong> other<br />
psychotic disorder; h) Eating disorders; j) Alcohol use disorders; k) Obsessive-compulsive<br />
disorder <strong>and</strong> post-traumatic stress disorder; l) Substance-related<br />
disorders; m) Dementia, amnesic <strong>and</strong> other cognitive<br />
disorders; o) Comments by the respondent; p) Interviewer observations;<br />
x) Interviewer ratings.<br />
The highly structured CIDI questions are fully spelled out <strong>and</strong> positive<br />
responses are followed by specific probes, which aim at determining the<br />
psychiatric significance <strong>and</strong> clinical relevance of a reported symptom see<br />
Table 8.8). Negative responses will often lead to skips within the interview. If<br />
a particular diagnosis is suspected to be present, questions about the onset<br />
<strong>and</strong> the recency of a particular cluster of symptoms will be asked. The<br />
duration <strong>and</strong> the frequency of a particular set of symptoms are also evaluated.<br />
The CIDI is designed to be completed in a single session <strong>and</strong> lasts<br />
approximately 75 minutes. Even though the interview is quite complex in